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CN100514831C - Grid-connected inverter current control method employing inductance current weighted average value to feed back - Google Patents

Grid-connected inverter current control method employing inductance current weighted average value to feed back Download PDF

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CN100514831C
CN100514831C CNB200610050624XA CN200610050624A CN100514831C CN 100514831 C CN100514831 C CN 100514831C CN B200610050624X A CNB200610050624X A CN B200610050624XA CN 200610050624 A CN200610050624 A CN 200610050624A CN 100514831 C CN100514831 C CN 100514831C
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CN1866719A (en
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沈国桥
徐德鸿
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开了采用电感电流加权平均值反馈的并网逆变器电流控制方法,采用两个电流变送器分别检测流经逆变侧串联电感和网侧串联电感的电流,并以此两项电流的加权平均值作为逆变输出电流控制的反馈信号,与电网电流的控制给定信号进行比较,比较后输出的误差信号输入比例积分调节器,以比例积分调节后的输出信号作为逆变开关运行的脉冲宽度调制信号,控制并网逆变器的输出电流波形和幅值,其中两个电感电流在反馈信号中的权值为各自电感量与两个电感总电感量的比值。本发明方法可有效地增强对电网畸变和谐波干扰的抵抗能力,抑制电网电流波形失真度和谐波含量,使并网系统获得较高的功率因数和良好的输出电流波形。

Figure 200610050624

The invention discloses a current control method of a grid-connected inverter using weighted average value feedback of inductance current. Two current transmitters are used to respectively detect the current flowing through the series inductor on the inverter side and the series inductor on the grid side, and the two The weighted average value of the current is used as the feedback signal of the inverter output current control, which is compared with the control given signal of the grid current, and the error signal output after the comparison is input to the proportional integral regulator, and the output signal adjusted by the proportional integral is used as the inverter switch The running pulse width modulation signal controls the output current waveform and amplitude of the grid-connected inverter, and the weight of the two inductor currents in the feedback signal is the ratio of the respective inductance to the total inductance of the two inductors. The method of the invention can effectively enhance the resistance to grid distortion and harmonic interference, suppress grid current waveform distortion and harmonic content, and enable the grid-connected system to obtain higher power factor and good output current waveform.

Figure 200610050624

Description

采用电感电流加权平均值反馈的并网逆变器电流控制方法 Current Control Method of Grid-connected Inverter Using Inductor Current Weighted Average Feedback

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及并网逆变器控制方法,尤其是采用电感电流加权平均值反馈的并网逆变器电流控制方法。The invention relates to a control method for a grid-connected inverter, in particular to a current control method for a grid-connected inverter that adopts the weighted average value feedback of inductance current.

背景技术 Background technique

具有并网发电运行功能的逆变电源,其电路如图1(a)、(b)所示,通常包括基于高频开关的PWM(脉冲宽度调制)控制单相或三相逆变器、用于逆变并网连接运行的LCL低通滤波器、用于电流检测的电流变送器、用于逆变器并网运行的含电流误差计算和误差信号比例积分调节器的电流控制环以及开关驱动电路,逆变器在并网运行时为输出电流控制,以保证电流为严格的正弦波并具有较高的发电功率因数。传统的电流控制方法大都以LCL低通滤波器的逆变侧电感电流(即逆变输出电流)或电网侧电感电流(电网电流)为反馈信号,采用比例积分等方式对误差信号作调节并控制逆变器的运行。由于LCL结构的滤波器使控制对象为三阶系统,在滤波器转折频率附近存在很大的增益尖峰,为保证系统稳定,比例积分调节器的增益受到限制,取值较小,从而使系统在低频段的开环增益较小,限制了系统对输出电流稳态误差和谐波的抑制能力。这种方法还易受电网电压畸变和谐波干扰的影响。The inverter power supply with the function of grid-connected power generation is shown in Figure 1(a) and (b), which usually includes a single-phase or three-phase inverter controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation) based on high-frequency switching. LCL low-pass filter for inverter grid-connected operation, current transducer for current detection, current control loop with current error calculation and error signal proportional-integral regulator for inverter grid-connected operation, and switches The drive circuit and the inverter control the output current during grid-connected operation to ensure that the current is a strict sine wave and has a high power factor for power generation. Most of the traditional current control methods use the inductance current on the inverter side of the LCL low-pass filter (that is, the inverter output current) or the inductance current on the grid side (grid current) as the feedback signal, and use proportional integral and other methods to adjust and control the error signal. operation of the inverter. Because the filter of LCL structure makes the control object a third-order system, there is a large gain peak near the corner frequency of the filter. In order to ensure the stability of the system, the gain of the proportional-integral regulator is limited and the value is small, so that the system is in The open-loop gain in the low frequency band is small, which limits the ability of the system to suppress the output current steady-state error and harmonics. This approach is also susceptible to grid voltage distortion and harmonic interference.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种在满足系统稳定的控制要求下减小输出电流的稳态幅值和相位误差,增强对电网畸变和谐波干扰的抵抗能力,限制电网电流波形失真度和谐波含量的采用滤波器中间电流反馈的并网逆变器电流控制方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method to reduce the steady-state amplitude and phase error of the output current while meeting the control requirements of system stability, enhance the resistance to grid distortion and harmonic interference, and limit the grid current waveform distortion and harmonics Content of current control method for grid-connected inverters using filter intermediate current feedback.

本发明的采用电感电流加权平均值反馈的并网逆变器电流控制方法,其特征是在包括基于高频开关的脉冲宽度调制控制单相或三相逆变器、用于逆变并网连接运行的LCL型低通滤波器、用于电流检测的电流变送器、用于逆变器并网运行的含电流加权平均、误差计算和误差信号比例积分调节器的电流控制环以及开关驱动电路的并网逆变器电路中,采用两个电流变送器分别检测流经逆变侧串联电感和网侧串联电感的电流,并以此两项电流的加权平均值作为逆变输出电流控制的反馈信号,与电网电流的控制给定信号进行比较,比较后输出的误差信号输入比例积分调节器,以比例积分调节后的输出信号作为逆变开关运行的脉冲宽度调制信号,控制并网逆变器的输出电流波形和幅值,其中两个电感电流在反馈信号中的权值为各自电感量与两个电感总电感量的比值。The grid-connected inverter current control method using the weighted average value feedback of the inductor current in the present invention is characterized in that it includes pulse width modulation based on high-frequency switches to control single-phase or three-phase inverters, and is used for inverter grid-connected connections. LCL-type low-pass filter for operation, current transducer for current detection, current control loop with current weighted average, error calculation and error signal proportional-integral regulator for inverter grid-connected operation, and switch drive circuit In the grid-connected inverter circuit, two current transducers are used to detect the current flowing through the series inductor on the inverter side and the series inductor on the grid side respectively, and the weighted average value of the two currents is used as the inverter output current control The feedback signal is compared with the control given signal of the grid current, and the error signal output after the comparison is input to the proportional integral regulator, and the output signal adjusted by the proportional integral is used as the pulse width modulation signal for the operation of the inverter switch to control the grid-connected inverter The output current waveform and amplitude of the device, wherein the weight of the two inductor currents in the feedback signal is the ratio of the respective inductance to the total inductance of the two inductors.

本发明采用电感电流加权平均值反馈的并网逆变器电流控制方法实现了并网逆变器的稳定输出,并使得控制对象近似地由原本的三阶系统改造为一阶系统,可实现电源系统输出电流的高性能控制。试验表明,在5kW功率的电源系统中,电网电压失真度超过5%运行条件下,并网输出电流的失真度小于3%,功率因数大于0.99。The present invention adopts the current control method of the grid-connected inverter with weighted average value feedback of the inductor current to realize the stable output of the grid-connected inverter, and makes the control object approximately transformed from the original third-order system to the first-order system, which can realize the power supply High performance control of system output current. Tests show that in a 5kW power supply system, the grid voltage distortion exceeds 5%, the grid-connected output current distortion is less than 3%, and the power factor is greater than 0.99.

本发明的控制方法简单可行,相比于传统的控制方法,只需要增加一个电流变送器检测电流,将逆变输出侧电感电流和电网侧电感电流两个信号以各自电感在总电感中的比值为权值进行加权平均计算,即得到新的电流控制反馈信号。在控制环设计时,仍采用传统的比例积分(PI)调节,但由于本发明对系统控制电流反馈信号的改造,使得电流控制环的控制对象的特性近似于单电感滤波的一阶系统,可方便地设计和采用比例积分控制,在保证系统稳定的同时可以选用比直接逆变输出电流反馈或直接电网电流反馈的控制方式更大的比例增益,从而获得稳定的输出、较小的稳态误差以及较好的动态响应特性。采用该项技术可以使并网发电系统的输出电流波形失真度较低、谐波量小、相位精度较高,并对电网电压畸变和背景谐波干扰具有较强的抵抗能力,抑制电网电流的失真。最终使并网系统获得较高的功率因数和良好的输出电流波形。The control method of the present invention is simple and feasible. Compared with the traditional control method, only one current transmitter needs to be added to detect the current, and the two signals of the inverter output side inductor current and the grid side inductor current The ratio is weighted for weighted average calculation, that is, a new current control feedback signal is obtained. In the design of the control loop, the traditional proportional-integral (PI) adjustment is still used, but due to the modification of the system control current feedback signal in the present invention, the characteristics of the control object of the current control loop are similar to the first-order system of single-inductance filtering, which can be It is convenient to design and adopt proportional integral control. While ensuring the stability of the system, a larger proportional gain can be selected than the control method of direct inverter output current feedback or direct grid current feedback, so as to obtain stable output and small steady-state error And better dynamic response characteristics. Adopting this technology can make the output current waveform distortion of the grid-connected power generation system low, the harmonic content is small, and the phase accuracy is high, and it has strong resistance to grid voltage distortion and background harmonic interference, and suppresses the grid current. distortion. Finally, the grid-connected system can obtain a higher power factor and a good output current waveform.

本发明适用于以MOSFET、IGBT等半导体器件为功率开关,采用各种形式PWM控制的三相或单相并网运行逆变电源,用于太阳能、风力、燃料电池发电等各种并网电源系统。The present invention is applicable to three-phase or single-phase grid-connected operation inverter power supply controlled by various forms of PWM using semiconductor devices such as MOSFETs and IGBTs as power switches, and used for various grid-connected power systems such as solar energy, wind power, and fuel cell power generation. .

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1(a)是传统的采用逆变输出电流为反馈控制信号的并网逆变器电路图;Figure 1(a) is a circuit diagram of a traditional grid-connected inverter using the inverter output current as the feedback control signal;

图1(b)是传统的采用电网电流为反馈控制信号的并网逆变器电路图;Figure 1(b) is a circuit diagram of a traditional grid-connected inverter using the grid current as the feedback control signal;

图2是采用本发明方法的并网逆变器的一种具体电路图例;Fig. 2 is a kind of specific circuit illustration of the grid-connected inverter adopting the method of the present invention;

图3是采用本发明方法与传统方法控制并网发电系统的特性对比图;其中图(a)为并网逆变电源系统的增益特性曲线;图(b)为包括了比例积分调节控制器的系统回路增益曲线。Fig. 3 is the characteristic comparison figure of adopting the method of the present invention and traditional method to control the grid-connected power generation system; Wherein figure (a) is the gain characteristic curve of grid-connected inverter power system; System loop gain curve.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

图2所示是采用本发明方法的并网逆变器电路,它包括基于高频开关的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制单相逆变器1(图例中,单相逆变器为电压源型半桥式,采用IGBT为功率开关)、用于逆变并网连接运行的低通滤波器2、用于逆变侧电感电流检测和电网侧电感电流检测的两个电流变送器3、用于逆变器并网运行的电流控制环4和开关驱动电路5,其中电流控制环4含电流加权平均计算、误差计算、误差信号比例积分调节器和PWM发生电路。Shown in Fig. 2 is the grid-connected inverter circuit adopting the method of the present invention, and it comprises the pulse width modulation (PWM) control single-phase inverter 1 (in the legend, single-phase inverter is voltage source type based on high-frequency switch) Half-bridge type, using IGBT as power switch), low-pass filter for inverter grid-connected operation 2, two current transducers for inductive current detection on the inverter side and inductive current detection on the grid side 3, with The current control loop 4 and the switch drive circuit 5 for inverter grid-connected operation, wherein the current control loop 4 includes current weighted average calculation, error calculation, error signal proportional integral regulator and PWM generation circuit.

本发明并网逆变器电流控制方法是:采用两个电流变送器分别检测流经逆变侧串联电感L1和网侧串联电感L2的电流,即LCL滤波器的两个串联电感的电流,并以该两项电流的加权平均值作为电流控制环的反馈信号,与给定电流信号比较得到误差信号,由比例积分(PI)调节器对误差信号作比例积分调节后得到PWM调制信号,PWM调制信号通过PWM发生电路和开关驱动电路控制逆变器运行,实现逆变并网发电系统的输出电流波形和幅值的闭环控制。其中两个电感电流在反馈信号中的权值为各自电感量与两个电感总电感量的比值。The current control method of the grid-connected inverter of the present invention is: using two current transmitters to respectively detect the current flowing through the series inductor L1 on the inverter side and the series inductor L2 on the grid side, that is, the current of the two series inductors of the LCL filter, And the weighted average value of the two currents is used as the feedback signal of the current control loop, and the error signal is obtained by comparing with the given current signal, and the proportional integral (PI) regulator adjusts the error signal to obtain the PWM modulation signal, PWM The modulation signal controls the operation of the inverter through the PWM generation circuit and the switch drive circuit, and realizes the closed-loop control of the output current waveform and amplitude of the inverter grid-connected power generation system. The weights of the two inductor currents in the feedback signal are the ratios of their respective inductances to the total inductance of the two inductors.

本发明中逆变器采用电流控制PWM方式运行,输出电流的高频开关频率分量在LCL滤波器作用下得以有效地抑制,而输出基波分量的稳定性和稳态误差以及低频谐波的抑制则决定于输出电流的闭环控制。通过滤波器和反馈信号的改变,使得电源系统的控制特性发生变化,PI调节器的参数也相应地可以改善,达到更好的闭环控制特性。In the present invention, the inverter adopts the current control PWM mode to operate, and the high-frequency switching frequency component of the output current can be effectively suppressed under the action of the LCL filter, while the stability of the output fundamental wave component and the steady-state error and the suppression of low-frequency harmonics It depends on the closed-loop control of the output current. Through the change of the filter and the feedback signal, the control characteristics of the power system are changed, and the parameters of the PI regulator can be improved accordingly to achieve better closed-loop control characteristics.

采用本发明方法与传统方法控制的电源系统特性对比:Adopt the method of the present invention and the power system characteristic contrast of traditional method control:

以一个5kW电源系统为例,对于逆变输出电流反馈而言,参见图1(a),反馈电流(i1)相对于逆变输出电压Vi的增益可表示为:Taking a 5kW power system as an example, for the inverter output current feedback, see Figure 1(a), the gain of the feedback current (i 1 ) relative to the inverter output voltage V i can be expressed as:

II 11 (( sthe s )) VV ii (( sthe s )) == LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ 11 sthe s (( LL 11 LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ LL 11 ++ LL 22 ))

其幅值和相位特性为图3(a)曲线1所示。Its amplitude and phase characteristics are shown in curve 1 in Fig. 3(a).

对于电网电流反馈而言,参见图1(b),反馈电流(i2)相对于逆变输出电压Vi的增益可表示为:For grid current feedback, see Figure 1(b), the gain of the feedback current (i 2 ) relative to the inverter output voltage V i can be expressed as:

II 22 (( sthe s )) VV ii (( sthe s )) == 11 sthe s (( LL 11 LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ LL 11 ++ LL 22 ))

其幅值和相位特性如图3(a)曲线2所示。Its amplitude and phase characteristics are shown in Figure 3(a) Curve 2.

曲线1和曲线2表明,采用传统的逆变输出电流反馈和网侧电流反馈控制时的系统增益在1kHz与2kHz间存在很大的增益尖峰;Curves 1 and 2 show that there is a large gain peak between 1kHz and 2kHz in the system gain when using traditional inverter output current feedback and grid-side current feedback control;

本发明方法采用LCL两电感电流的加权平均值作为反馈信号,参见图2,反馈电流(if)相对于逆变输出电源Vi的增益可表示为:The inventive method adopts the weighted average value of the two inductor currents of the LCL as the feedback signal, referring to Fig. 2, the gain of the feedback current ( if ) relative to the inverter output power V i can be expressed as:

II ff (( sthe s )) VV ii (( sthe s )) == LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ 11 sthe s (( LL 11 LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ LL 11 ++ LL 22 )) ·· WW 11 ++ 11 sthe s (( LL 11 LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ LL 11 ++ LL 22 )) ·&Center Dot; WW 22

若电流加权值选择为各自电感与总电感量的比值,即W1=L1/(L1+L2)、W2=L2/(L1+L2),则上式可转化为:If the current weighting value is selected as the ratio of the respective inductance to the total inductance, that is, W 1 =L 1 /(L 1 +L 2 ), W 2 =L 2 /(L 1 +L 2 ), then the above formula can be transformed into :

II ff (( sthe s )) VV ii (( sthe s )) == (( LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ 11 )) LL 11 ++ LL 22 sthe s (( LL 11 LL 22 CsCs 22 ++ LL 11 ++ LL 22 )) (( LL 11 ++ LL 22 ))

简化后得simplified

II ff (( xx )) VV ii (( sthe s )) == 11 sthe s (( LL 11 ++ LL 22 ))

因此采用本发明的并网逆变电源的系统增益特性曲线将变为直线,如图3(a)曲线3所示,不再出现增益尖峰。Therefore, the system gain characteristic curve of the grid-connected inverter power supply of the present invention will become a straight line, as shown in Figure 3(a) curve 3, and no gain peaks will appear.

在设计比例积分调节器时,首先应满足系统稳定的要求,即回路增益在0dB线上穿越频率处相位偏移应小于180度。其次是低频段回路增益应尽可能大,转折频率较高,以提高系统输出的稳态精度和动态响应特性。图3(b)为包含了比例积分调节器的电流闭环控制系统回路增益特性波特图,其中曲线1为图1(a)所示的传统的逆变输出电流反馈回路增益特性,曲线2为图1(b)所示的传统的电网电流反馈回路增益特性,曲线3为本发明的LCL滤波器电感电流加权平均值反馈回路增益特性。由于本发明的反馈控制系统回路增益不存在尖峰,在确保系统控制稳定的要求下可选择较大的比例积分调节器增益,使系统在低频段的增益明显提高,从而闭环控制时增强了对电流误差(包括基波幅值误差、相位误差和低频谐波分量)的抑制能力。When designing a proportional-integral regulator, the system stability requirements should be met first, that is, the phase shift of the loop gain at the 0dB line crossing frequency should be less than 180 degrees. Secondly, the low-frequency loop gain should be as large as possible, and the corner frequency should be high, so as to improve the steady-state accuracy and dynamic response characteristics of the system output. Fig. 3(b) is a Bode diagram of loop gain characteristics of a current closed-loop control system including a proportional-integral regulator, where curve 1 is the gain characteristic of the traditional inverter output current feedback loop shown in Fig. 1(a), and curve 2 is Fig. 1(b) shows the gain characteristic of the traditional grid current feedback loop, curve 3 is the weighted average value feedback loop gain characteristic of the LCL filter inductance current of the present invention. Since there is no peak in the loop gain of the feedback control system of the present invention, a larger proportional-integral regulator gain can be selected under the requirement of ensuring stable system control, so that the gain of the system in the low frequency band is significantly improved, thereby enhancing the current control during closed-loop control. Error (including fundamental wave amplitude error, phase error and low frequency harmonic components) suppression ability.

Claims (1)

1. adopt the parallel inverter current control method of inductive current weighted average feedback, it is characterized in that the combining inverter circuit comprises the single-phase or three-phase inverter of pulse width modulation control based on HF switch, be used for the LCL type low pass filter that inversion grid connection connects operation, the current transducer that is used for current detecting, be used for current regulator and switch driving circuit that inverter is incorporated into the power networks, wherein, being used for current regulator that inverter is incorporated into the power networks, to contain electric current weighting average, Error Calculation and error signal proportional and integral controller, in above-mentioned combining inverter circuit, adopt two current transducers to detect respectively to flow through the electric current of inversion side series inductance (L1) and net side series inductance (L2), and with the weighted average of these two electric currents feedback signal as inverter output current control, compare with the given signal of the control of power network current, relatively the error signal of back output is imported proportional and integral controller, with the pulse width modulating signal of the output signal after the proportional integral adjusting as the inverse switch operation, the output current wave and the amplitude of control combining inverter, wherein the weights of two inductive currents in feedback signal are the ratio of inductance value and two inductance total inductance amounts separately.
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