CN100503790C - Method for producing chemical products in dual-fuel reforming chemical system - Google Patents
Method for producing chemical products in dual-fuel reforming chemical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,同时综合高效利用煤和天然气两种化石燃料生产化工产品。根据煤和天然气各自特点,将煤燃烧放出的高温热量供给天然气重整反应,制得清洁的合成气,不仅避免了传统天然气制合成气流程中将天然气直接燃烧的浪费,同时没有煤制合成气中复杂的流程和昂贵的设备,实现了煤和天然气综合利用,使产品能耗大幅降低。双燃料化工系统与常规系统相比,生产相同的产品(以甲醇为例)可以降低能耗5%以上,用廉价的煤替代了高价的天然气,使得化工产品的生产成本大幅降低,并且在没有使用昂贵的煤气化设备的前提下实现了煤的高效利用,具有很好的工业化前景。
The method for producing chemical products by the dual-fuel reforming chemical system of the present invention simultaneously comprehensively and efficiently utilizes two fossil fuels, coal and natural gas, to produce chemical products. According to the respective characteristics of coal and natural gas, the high-temperature heat released by coal combustion is supplied to the reforming reaction of natural gas to produce clean syngas, which not only avoids the waste of direct combustion of natural gas in the traditional natural gas to syngas process, but also does not have coal to syngas The complex process and expensive equipment in the process realize the comprehensive utilization of coal and natural gas, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of the product. Compared with the conventional system, the dual-fuel chemical system can reduce the energy consumption by more than 5% for the production of the same product (taking methanol as an example), and replace the high-priced natural gas with cheap coal, which greatly reduces the production cost of chemical products. Under the premise of using expensive coal gasification equipment, the efficient utilization of coal is realized, and it has a good industrialization prospect.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及化工生产技术领域,是一种同时以天然气和煤为原料生产化工产品的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of chemical production, and relates to a method for producing chemical products using natural gas and coal as raw materials.
技术背景 technical background
甲醇是多种化工产品的原料,它作为无污染性燃料、汽油改质添加剂以及甲基叔丁基醚生产的主要原料而倍受人们的重视。伴随全球石油资源的短缺,天然气的利用也产生了促进甲醇生产的动向。Methanol is the raw material of many kinds of chemical products, and it has attracted much attention as the main raw material for the production of non-polluting fuel, gasoline modification additive and methyl tert-butyl ether. Along with the shortage of global oil resources, the utilization of natural gas also has a tendency to promote the production of methanol.
天然气是清洁、高效、方便的能源,它的使用在世界经济发展和提高环境质量中起着重要作用。近年我国天然气储量增长较快,“西气东输”工程将把天然气输送到全国9个省市,为我国天然气工业的发展创造了有利条件。21世纪我国天然气产量和消费量将得到迅速提高,其在能源结构组成中的比例将达6%~8%。目前以天然气为原料的产品在化学工业中占有重要地位,如全世界84%的氨和90%的甲醇以天然气为原料生产。天然气化工历史悠久,在降低生产能耗方面已经作了大量的工作,如目前国际天然气生产甲醇的能耗先进水平已经达到30GJ/t以内,在现有基础上进一步降低生产能耗已很困难。Natural gas is a clean, efficient and convenient energy source, and its use plays an important role in the development of the world economy and the improvement of environmental quality. In recent years, my country's natural gas reserves have grown rapidly, and the "West-to-East Gas Pipeline" project will transport natural gas to 9 provinces and cities across the country, creating favorable conditions for the development of my country's natural gas industry. In the 21st century, my country's natural gas production and consumption will increase rapidly, and its proportion in the energy structure will reach 6% to 8%. At present, products using natural gas as raw materials occupy an important position in the chemical industry, such as 84% of ammonia and 90% of methanol in the world are produced with natural gas as raw materials. Natural gas chemical industry has a long history, and a lot of work has been done to reduce production energy consumption. For example, the international advanced level of energy consumption for producing methanol from natural gas has reached less than 30GJ/t. It is very difficult to further reduce production energy consumption on the existing basis.
以煤为原料的甲醇工业化生产也从未中断过。80年代以来,随着生产规模的日益扩大及先进的煤气化技术的工业化应用,以煤为原料合成化工产品由于成本将有所降低而重新引起人们重视。在我国为了充分利用丰富的煤炭资源,煤制化工产品也一直有着工业应用。尽管煤气化技术有了较大的发展,但以煤作为原料制备化工产品时能耗最大的过程仍然是气化过程。且煤基合成气含有硫等对催化剂有害物质,其碳氢比也不符合合成化工产品的需要,仍需脱硫、变换和脱碳等合成气后续加工过程,这也导致以煤制备化工产品的能耗较高。如目前较先进的以煤为原料制备甲醇能耗大致为40~50GJ/t,高于天然气制备甲醇约30%。在传统的煤化工行业中,离不开造价昂贵的煤气化设备,煤气化设备费用在总设备费用中的比例高达40%~50%,导致以煤为原料的化工厂投资远远大于以天然气为原料的化工厂。The industrial production of methanol using coal as raw material has never been interrupted. Since the 1980s, with the increasing scale of production and the industrial application of advanced coal gasification technology, the synthesis of chemical products using coal as raw material has attracted people's attention again due to the reduction in cost. In order to make full use of the abundant coal resources in our country, coal-based chemical products have also been used in industrial applications. Although the coal gasification technology has been greatly developed, the gasification process is still the most energy-intensive process when coal is used as raw material to prepare chemical products. In addition, coal-based syngas contains sulfur and other harmful substances to catalysts, and its carbon-hydrogen ratio does not meet the needs of synthetic chemical products. Subsequent processing of syngas such as desulfurization, conversion, and decarbonization is still required, which also leads to the production of chemical products from coal. High energy consumption. For example, the energy consumption of the more advanced coal-based methanol production is roughly 40-50GJ/t, which is about 30% higher than that of natural gas. In the traditional coal chemical industry, expensive coal gasification equipment is inseparable, and the cost of coal gasification equipment accounts for as high as 40% to 50% of the total equipment cost. As a result, the investment of chemical plants using coal as raw material is much larger than that of natural gas. Chemical plant for raw materials.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于:针对当前以煤和天然气为原料的化工生产系统中各自的弊端和煤/天然气两种化石能源各自特点,提供一种使用煤和天然气为原料生产化工产品方法。该方法在不增加原有设备及投资的前提下显著减少制备化工产品所消耗的原料,同时保留原天然气化工清洁的特点,从而达到降低能耗的目的,并减少投资。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing chemical products using coal and natural gas as raw materials, aiming at the respective disadvantages of the current chemical production system using coal and natural gas as raw materials and the respective characteristics of the two fossil energy sources of coal and natural gas. The method significantly reduces the raw materials consumed in the preparation of chemical products without increasing the original equipment and investment, and at the same time retains the clean characteristics of the original natural gas chemical industry, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing energy consumption and reducing investment.
本发明的技术方案如下:Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
提供一种双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,是利用现有设备,使用天然气和煤为原料同时生产化工产品的方法,其所使用的化工系统,包括双燃料重整反应子系统,余热回收子系统,化工生产子系统;其包括以下流程:A method for producing chemical products in a dual-fuel reforming chemical system is provided, which is a method for simultaneously producing chemical products using existing equipment and using natural gas and coal as raw materials. The chemical system used includes a dual-fuel reforming reaction subsystem, Waste heat recovery subsystem, chemical production subsystem; it includes the following processes:
A)双燃料重整反应子系统流程:来自余热回收子系统的蒸汽和天然气混合后形成原料气,进入预热器被烟气加热到≤500℃,然后原料气进入重整反应器的重整反应管,反应管中堆放有甲烷水蒸气重整反应所需的催化剂,原料气在反应管中发生甲烷/水蒸汽重整反应,同时,重整反应所需要的反应热由煤、弛放气和空气的混合物在重整反应器的炉膛中燃烧获得,燃烧产生的高温烟气随后进入预热器加热原料气后,所生成的中温烟气进入余热回收子系统;A) Dual-fuel reforming reaction subsystem process: steam from the waste heat recovery subsystem is mixed with natural gas to form feed gas, which enters the preheater and is heated to ≤500°C by flue gas, and then the feed gas enters the reforming reactor for reforming Reaction tube, the catalyst required for the steam reforming reaction of methane is piled up in the reaction tube, the raw material gas undergoes methane/steam reforming reaction in the reaction tube, and at the same time, the reaction heat required for the reforming reaction is composed of coal, purge gas The mixture with air is obtained by combustion in the furnace of the reforming reactor, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion then enters the preheater to heat the raw material gas, and the generated medium-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat recovery subsystem;
B)余热回收子系统流程:重整过程产生的高温原料气、中温烟气进入换热器,分别在换热器中与水换热降温为原料气和低温烟气,原料气供给化工生产子系统,参加产品生产流程,换热器产生的蒸汽分为三股,一股供给重整反应子系统,参加重整过程,一股作为外输蒸汽,一股进入蒸汽透平做功发电;B) Waste heat recovery subsystem process: the high-temperature raw gas and medium-temperature flue gas generated in the reforming process enter the heat exchanger, and exchange heat with water in the heat exchanger to cool down into raw gas and low-temperature flue gas, and the raw gas is supplied to chemical production sub-systems System, to participate in the product production process, the steam generated by the heat exchanger is divided into three streams, one stream is supplied to the reforming reaction subsystem to participate in the reforming process, one stream is used as external steam, and one stream enters the steam turbine to generate power;
C)化工生产子系统为甲醇生产子系统时的流程:来源于余热回收子系统的原料气经过新鲜气压缩机升压并与循环气混合后,再经过混合气压缩机进一步压缩到甲醇合成所需压力,形成高压原料气;高压原料气经过回热器预热,进入甲醇合成塔,进行甲醇合成,合成产物在回热器放热后进入分离精制单元,将甲醇分离出来,并进行精制得到甲醇产品;分离精制单元分离出的未反应气体一部分作为循环气再进入混合气压缩机,继续参加合成反应,另一部分成为弛放气体输出到重整子系统,作为燃料。C) The process when the chemical production subsystem is a methanol production subsystem: the raw gas from the waste heat recovery subsystem is boosted by the fresh gas compressor and mixed with the recycle gas, and then further compressed by the mixed gas compressor to the methanol synthesis plant Pressure is required to form high-pressure raw material gas; the high-pressure raw material gas is preheated by the regenerator and enters the methanol synthesis tower for methanol synthesis. Methanol product; part of the unreacted gas separated by the separation and refining unit is used as a cycle gas and then enters the mixed gas compressor to continue to participate in the synthesis reaction, and the other part becomes the relaxation gas and is output to the reforming subsystem as fuel.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述余热回收子系统的蒸汽和天然气混合,混合比为1:3~1:3.5。In the method for producing chemical products in the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, the steam and natural gas in the waste heat recovery subsystem are mixed at a mixing ratio of 1:3 to 1:3.5.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述C)化工生产子系统为氢气生产子系统时:从余热回收子系统来的原料气,进入变换单元生成氢气,再进入氢气分离单元,分离出氢气。In the method for producing chemical products in the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, when the C) chemical production subsystem is a hydrogen production subsystem: the raw material gas from the waste heat recovery subsystem enters the conversion unit to generate hydrogen, and then enters the hydrogen The separation unit separates the hydrogen.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述氢气生产子系统的流程:从余热回收子系统来的原料气,进入一段变换反应器或二段变换反应器,将合成气中CO转化成CO2,同时生成部分氢气,经变换后的气体进入氢气分离单元,分离出氢气,剩余气体供给重整子系统作为燃料。The method for producing chemical products in the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, the flow of the hydrogen production subsystem: the raw material gas from the waste heat recovery subsystem enters the first-stage shift reactor or the second-stage shift reactor, and the synthesis gas CO is converted into CO 2 , and part of hydrogen is generated at the same time. The converted gas enters the hydrogen separation unit to separate hydrogen, and the remaining gas is supplied to the reforming subsystem as fuel.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述剩余气体,主要成分为未反应甲烷、二氧化碳、一氧化碳和少量氢气,可供给重整子系统作为燃料。In the method for producing chemical products in the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, the remaining gas, mainly composed of unreacted methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a small amount of hydrogen, can be supplied to the reforming subsystem as fuel.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述煤在炉膛中燃烧,采用固定床,流化床或喷流床的燃烧方式,当采用流化床时,在燃烧过程中脱硫。In the method for producing chemical products by the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, the coal is burned in the furnace, using a fixed bed, fluidized bed or spouted bed combustion mode. When a fluidized bed is used, during the combustion process Desulfurization.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述B)余热回收子系统流程,还包括合成气冷却后将其中的凝结水回收。In the method for producing chemical products in the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, the B) waste heat recovery subsystem process also includes recovering the condensed water in the syngas after it is cooled.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述C)化工生产子系统,是单独的甲醇生产子系统和单独的氢气生产子系统或是二者的串联,其串联,即甲醇生产子系统为氢气生产子系统的上游设备,此时氢气生产子系统的原料气改为甲醇生产子系统的未反应弛放气体,未反应弛放气体进入氢气分离单元,分离出氢气;或进入一段变换反应器或二段变换反应器,再进入氢气分离单元,分离出氢气。In the method for producing chemical products by the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, the C) chemical production subsystem is a separate methanol production subsystem and a separate hydrogen production subsystem or a series connection of the two, which is connected in series, that is The methanol production subsystem is the upstream equipment of the hydrogen production subsystem. At this time, the feed gas of the hydrogen production subsystem is changed to the unreacted release gas of the methanol production subsystem, and the unreacted release gas enters the hydrogen separation unit to separate hydrogen; or It enters a first-stage shift reactor or a second-stage shift reactor, and then enters a hydrogen separation unit to separate hydrogen.
所述的双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,其所述C)化工生产子系统,还可为以合成气为原料的任意子系统,如DME(二甲醚)、氨及汽油F-T(费托)合成的子系统。The method for producing chemical products by the dual-fuel reforming chemical system, its C) chemical production subsystem, can also be any subsystem using synthesis gas as raw material, such as DME (dimethyl ether), ammonia and gasoline F-T Subsystem for (Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis.
本发明方法根据煤和天然气不同的特点,将煤和天然气进行综合互补利用,在充分利用清洁能源(天然气全部作为化工原料)的同时,合理利用煤炭。本发明的双燃料化工系统是一种同时以天然气和煤为原料生产化工产品的方法,该方法将低能耗的天然气化工产品生产系统和煤结合起来,兼顾天然气的清洁和煤的丰富价廉特点,避免了煤的气化及后续加工过程,实现清洁生产和降低能耗的目标,在实现煤的高效利用(与使用煤气化设备相比)的同时保持较低的设备费用(与天然气化工厂持平)。According to the different characteristics of coal and natural gas, the method of the invention makes comprehensive and complementary utilization of coal and natural gas, and rationally utilizes coal while making full use of clean energy (all natural gas is used as chemical raw materials). The dual-fuel chemical system of the present invention is a method for producing chemical products using natural gas and coal as raw materials at the same time. The method combines a low-energy-consumption natural gas chemical product production system with coal, taking into account the cleanness of natural gas and the richness and low price of coal. , avoiding coal gasification and subsequent processing, achieving the goals of clean production and reducing energy consumption, and maintaining low equipment costs (compared with natural gas chemical plants) while achieving high-efficiency coal utilization (compared with coal gasification equipment) flat).
本发明提出的双燃料系统与常规系统相比,节能率至少可达5%。在没有使用昂贵的煤气化设备的前提下实现了煤的高效利用,达到了降低设备费用的目的。Compared with the conventional system, the dual-fuel system proposed by the invention can save energy by at least 5%. On the premise of not using expensive coal gasification equipment, the efficient utilization of coal is realized, and the purpose of reducing equipment cost is achieved.
本发明以天然气和煤为原料的双燃料生产化工产品的方法,与现有的单纯用一种原料的生产化工产品的方法相比,具有以下特点:(1)利用廉价的煤,替代传统天然气蒸汽转化工艺中占天然气总耗量1/3且价格较高的燃料天然气,降低合成气的生产成本;(2)将不同化工系统有机集成,弥补了两个系统单独生产时存在的合成气利用不合理问题,使能量利用率提高,节约了能源降低了生产成本。The present invention uses natural gas and coal as the method for producing chemical products with dual fuels as raw materials, compared with the existing method for producing chemical products with only one raw material, it has the following characteristics: (1) Utilize cheap coal to replace traditional natural gas In the steam reforming process, natural gas, which accounts for 1/3 of the total consumption of natural gas and has a high price, reduces the production cost of syngas; (2) organically integrates different chemical systems to make up for the syngas utilization that exists when the two systems are produced separately Unreasonable problems improve energy utilization, save energy and reduce production costs.
综上所述,在煤炭和天然气资源丰富的地区,凭借原料的价格优势,采用本发明所述的双燃料生产化工产品的方法,将会使化工产品的生产成本及能耗大幅度降低,非常有实用前景。In summary, in areas rich in coal and natural gas resources, by virtue of the price advantage of raw materials, the method for producing chemical products with dual fuels according to the present invention will greatly reduce the production cost and energy consumption of chemical products, which is very There are practical prospects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1.为本发明以天然气和煤为原料的双燃料生产化工产品的方法流程示意图;Fig. 1. is the method schematic flow sheet of the present invention with natural gas and coal as the dual fuel production chemical product of raw material;
图2.为双燃料重整子系统流程示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the dual-fuel reforming subsystem;
图3.为余热回收子系统工艺流程图Figure 3. Process flow chart of waste heat recovery subsystem
图4.为甲醇生产子系统流程示意图;Figure 4. is a schematic flow diagram of the methanol production subsystem;
图5.为氢气生产子系统流程示意图。Figure 5. Schematic flow diagram of the hydrogen production subsystem.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
请参见图1、图2、图3,本发明双燃料重整化工系统生产化工产品的方法,是利用现有设备,不增加投资的情况下,使用天然气和煤为原料同时生产化工产品的方法。所使用的化工系统,主要包括以下三个子系统:双燃料重整反应子系统1,余热回收子系统2,化工生产子系统3。Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the method for producing chemical products in the dual-fuel reforming chemical system of the present invention is to utilize existing equipment and use natural gas and coal as raw materials to simultaneously produce chemical products without increasing investment . The chemical system used mainly includes the following three subsystems: dual-fuel reforming
本发明提供的方法是:The method provided by the invention is:
使用煤代替天然气作为重整热源燃料,在双燃料重整子系统1中生产高品质清洁的合成气,来自双燃料重整子系统1的高温烟气和合成气进入余热回收子系统2回收热量,产生高压蒸汽带动透平驱动系统中的压缩机,并从透平抽出蒸汽供给重整子系统1作为双燃料重整反应的反应物,多余的蒸汽作为产品外输。冷却后的合成气送入化工生产子系统3中,生产化工产品,然后将弛放气送入重整子系统1中,和煤一起作为重整子系统1的燃料。Use coal instead of natural gas as the reforming heat source fuel to produce high-quality clean syngas in the dual-
本发明使用的双燃料重整子系统1,其工艺流程是:The dual
来自余热回收子系统2的蒸汽5与天然气4混合后形成原料气,进入预热器16被烟气加热到500℃左右。然后原料气进入重整反应器17,重整反应器17由重整反应管18和炉膛组成,反应管18内放置的催化剂可以是任何一种甲烷水蒸气重整催化剂,原料气在反应管18中发生甲烷/水蒸汽重整反应,其反应方程式如下:The
甲烷/水蒸气重整反应是一个强吸热反应,重整反应所需要的反应热由煤、弛放气和空气的混合物在重整反应器17的炉膛中燃烧获得。原料气中的部分甲烷也可用CO2代替,此时反应向右进行。使用CO2代替部分甲烷后可以获得高碳氢比的合成气,通过改变替代量可以获得用于制备不同化工产品的合成气。炉膛中燃烧产生的高温烟气10进入预热器16加热原料气,然后进入余热回收子系统2。炉膛中的燃烧可以采用多种方式,例如采用可以有效减少烟气中的NOx和SOx含量的流化床的燃烧方法。The methane/steam reforming reaction is a strong endothermic reaction, and the reaction heat required for the reforming reaction is obtained by burning the mixture of coal, purge gas and air in the furnace of the reforming
本发明提供的化工产品生产子系统3可以生产多种化工产品,可根据需求配置某一种化工产品的生产系统,构成不同的化工产品生产子系统。例如甲醇系统、二甲醚系统、氢气系统以及合成氨系统等。也可以同时生产两种或两种以上的化工产品,例如甲醇/氢气系统、甲醇/合成氨以及二甲醚/合成氨系统等。The chemical
本发明的余热回收子系统2中包括蒸汽透平。余热回收子系统2生产的高压过热蒸汽,进入蒸汽透平驱动系统中的压缩机。同时从蒸汽透平抽出部分中压蒸汽,参加甲烷重整反应。多余的蒸汽可作为商品提供给其它用户。The waste
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
请再参见图1、图2,天然气4和来自透平子系统的水蒸汽5按一定的比例(一般为1:3-1:3.5)混合,在预热器16内经高温烟气10预热后进入双燃料重整反应子系统1的反应管18中,在反应管18中催化剂表面发生重整反应;与此同时,煤9和来自化工生产子系统3的弛放气15也进入重整反应器17,在反应管18外的炉腔内与空气发生燃烧反应,燃烧放出的高温热量供给重整反应。重整反应产生的高温原料气6和煤燃烧后的高温烟气10预热天然气和水蒸气后成为中温烟气11,进入余热回收子系统2,加热高压水13,产生高压过热蒸汽带动透平驱动工艺压缩机,除驱动压缩机外还在蒸汽透平中抽出部分蒸汽5输给双燃料重整子系统1,多余的蒸汽14作为产品外输。放热后的低温烟气12直接排放到环境中,余热回收子系统2产生的原料气7进入化工生产子系统3。化工生产子系统3生产化工产品8,同时排放出弛放气15,在双燃料重整反应子系统1中这些弛放气15即可进入重整子系统1作为重整的燃料,也可用于其它用途,如制氢。在本实施例中作为重整燃料。Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 again, the
图2为本发明双燃料重整子系统1流程图。来自余热回收子系统2的蒸汽5和天然气4混合后形成原料气,进入预热器16被烟气加热到500℃。然后原料气进入重整反应器17,重整反应器17由重整反应管18和炉膛组成,反应管18中堆放有甲烷水蒸气重整反应所需的催化剂,原料气在反应管18中发生甲烷/水蒸汽重整反应,甲烷/水蒸气重整反应是一个强吸热反应,重整反应所需要的反应热由煤9、弛放气15和空气的混合物在重整反应器17的炉膛中燃烧获得。燃烧产生的高温烟气10随后进入预热器16加热原料气,然后中温烟气11进入余热回收子系统2。煤9在炉膛中的燃烧可以采用多种方式,例如为了减小煤9燃烧对空气的污染,煤9在炉膛中的燃烧可以采用流化床的燃烧方法,有效减少烟气中的NOx和SOx的含量。Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the dual-
图3为余热回收子系统2工艺流程图。重整过程产生的高温原料气6和中温烟气11分别在换热器34中和水13换热降温为原料气7和低温烟气12。产生的蒸汽分为三股,一股5供给重整过程,一股14作为外输蒸汽,一股32进入蒸汽透平33做功发电。FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the waste
图4为本发明化工生产子系统3的一种:甲醇生产子系统工艺流程图。由图1所示来源于余热回收子系统2的原料气7经过新鲜气压缩机19升压并与循环气24混合后,再经过混合气压缩机20进一步压缩到甲醇合成所需压力,形成高压原料气25。高压原料气25经过回热器21预热,进入甲醇合成塔22,进行甲醇合成。合成产物在回热器21放热后进入分离精制单元23将甲醇分离出来,并进行精制得到甲醇产品8。一部分未反应气体作为循环气24继续参加合成反应,另一部分弛放气体15输出到重整子系统1,作为燃料。Fig. 4 is a kind of
图5为本发明化工生产子系统3的另一种:氢气生产子系统工艺流程图。如图1所示从余热回收子系统2来的原料气7依次进入一段变换反应器27和二段变换反应器28,将合成气中CO转化成CO2,同时生成部分氢气。在二段变换反应器28中,经变换后的气体进入氢气分离单元29,分离出氢气30。剩余气体31主要成分为未反应甲烷、二氧化碳、一氧化碳和少量氢气等,可供给重整子系统1作为燃料。在不追求最大的CO转化率时,可以简化成一段变换或完全取消变换过程。此时制氢量减少,但可向重整子系统1提供更多的燃料。Fig. 5 is another kind of
本发明的实施例中甲醇生产子系统和氢气生产子系统可为各自独立的子系统,也可将这两个子系统串联,此时氢气生产子系统的原料气由原来的7改为甲醇生产子系统的未反应弛放气体15。以上子系统可根据不同的生产需要在设计时选择。In the embodiment of the present invention, the methanol production subsystem and the hydrogen production subsystem can be independent subsystems, and these two subsystems can also be connected in series. At this time, the feed gas of the hydrogen production subsystem is changed from the original 7 to the methanol production subsystem.
实施例:Example:
实施例1为双燃料甲醇化工系统,将图4的甲醇生产子系统替换图1中化工生产子系统即为双燃料甲醇化工系统流程图。双燃料重整子过程的操作条件为:气化炉出口烟气温度为920℃;重整反应温度为850℃,重整反应压力为2.3MPa,CH4/H2O为3:1,某平衡工况之下天然气与合成气参数见表1。表2为重整反应器17出口合成气成分,表3为双燃料化工系统生产每吨甲醇产品的能耗。从表3中可以看出双燃料甲醇系统消耗天然气26.98GJ,煤5.90GJ,外输0.5Mpa蒸汽量为1.522t。为了揭示双燃料系统的优势,将生产相同甲醇和蒸汽的分产系统能耗参数也一并列于表中。为了比较公平,分产和联产消耗的天然气和煤比值都取为4.572,得到的甲醇和蒸汽的比值都取为0.657。分产天然气基甲醇消耗29.28GJ天然气生产甲醇量为0.91t,外输0.5Mpa蒸汽量为0.80t;分产煤基甲醇消耗4.16GJ煤生产甲醇量为0.09t;分产煤基蒸汽消耗2.24GJ煤生产蒸汽量为0.72t。和双燃料系统生产相同甲醇和蒸汽时合计消耗能耗35.68GJ,双燃料系统与之相比能耗降低了7.85%。可见在生产甲醇时双燃料系统明显节省燃料消耗量,使化工产品的能耗和生产成本大为降低。Example 1 is a dual-fuel methanol chemical system. The methanol production subsystem in FIG. 4 is replaced with the chemical production subsystem in FIG. 1 to form a flow chart of the dual-fuel methanol chemical system. The operating conditions of the dual-fuel reforming sub-process are: gasifier outlet flue gas temperature is 920°C; reforming reaction temperature is 850°C, reforming reaction pressure is 2.3 MPa, CH 4 /H 2 O is 3:1, a certain The parameters of natural gas and syngas under equilibrium conditions are shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the composition of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the reforming
实施例2为双燃料制氢化工系统。将图5的制氢子系统替换图1中化工生产子系统即为双燃料制氢系统流程图。制氢子系统的分离条件为压力2Mpa,30~50℃,H2摩尔含量50~90%。某工况下变换气组成见表4。从变换反应器出来的变换气压力足以满足变换吸附(PSA)分离要求,不需额外的压缩功。从变换气中可回收氢气80%以上。表5为双燃料制氢系统生产1000Nm3氢产品的能耗。从表5中可以看出双燃料制氢系统消耗天然气10.87GJ,煤2.85GJ,外输0.5Mpa蒸汽量为0.59t。为了揭示双燃料系统的优势,将生产相同氢和蒸汽的分产系统能耗参数也一并列于表中。为了比较公平,分产和联产消耗的天然气和煤比值都取为3.812,得到的氢和蒸汽的比值都取为1707.95。分产天然气基甲醇消耗11.54GJ天然气,生产氢气量为888.30Nm3,外输0.5Mpa蒸汽量为0.21t;分产煤基消耗1.87GJ煤生产氢量为111.70Nm3;分产煤基蒸汽消耗1.16GJ煤生产蒸汽量为0.37t。生产和双燃料系统相同量的氢和蒸汽时分产合计消耗能耗14.56GJ,双燃料系统与之相比能耗降低了5.76%。可见在制氢时双燃料系统明显节省燃料消耗量,使化工产品的能耗和生产成本大为降低。Example 2 is a dual-fuel hydrogen production chemical system. Replacing the hydrogen production subsystem in Figure 5 with the chemical production subsystem in Figure 1 is the flow chart of the dual-fuel hydrogen production system. The separation conditions of the hydrogen production subsystem are pressure 2Mpa, 30-50°C, H2 molar content 50-90%. The shift gas composition under certain working conditions is shown in Table 4. The shift gas pressure from the shift reactor is sufficient to meet the separation requirements of the shift adsorption (PSA) without additional compression work. More than 80% of hydrogen can be recovered from the shift gas. Table 5 shows the energy consumption of the dual-fuel hydrogen production system to produce 1000Nm 3 hydrogen products. It can be seen from Table 5 that the dual-fuel hydrogen production system consumes 10.87GJ of natural gas, 2.85GJ of coal, and 0.59t of steam at 0.5Mpa. In order to reveal the advantages of the dual-fuel system, the energy consumption parameters of the separate production system for the production of the same hydrogen and steam are also listed in the table. In order to be fair, the ratio of natural gas and coal consumed in separate production and combined production is taken as 3.812, and the ratio of hydrogen and steam obtained is taken as 1707.95. The production of natural gas-based methanol consumes 11.54GJ of natural gas, the amount of hydrogen produced is 888.30Nm 3 , and the amount of steam exported at 0.5Mpa is 0.21t ; The amount of steam produced by 1.16GJ coal is 0.37t. The total energy consumption of producing the same amount of hydrogen and steam as that of the dual-fuel system is 14.56GJ, and the energy consumption of the dual-fuel system is 5.76% lower than that of the dual-fuel system. It can be seen that the dual-fuel system significantly saves fuel consumption during hydrogen production, greatly reducing energy consumption and production costs of chemical products.
本发明方法中的各物流参数,参照附图,如表6所示。Each logistics parameter in the inventive method, with reference to accompanying drawing, as shown in table 6.
表1 天然气与合成气状态参数Table 1 State parameters of natural gas and syngas
表2 重整反应器出口合成气成分Table 2 Composition of synthesis gas at reforming reactor outlet
表3 双燃料甲醇系统性能比较Table 3 Performance comparison of dual-fuel methanol systems
表4 变换气成分Table 4 Composition of shift gas
表5 双燃料制氢系统性能比较Table 5 Performance comparison of dual-fuel hydrogen production system
表6 各物流参数Table 6 Logistics parameters
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