CN100497993C - Fluid shock absorber with adjustable damping coefficient - Google Patents
Fluid shock absorber with adjustable damping coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN100497993C CN100497993C CNB2006100923750A CN200610092375A CN100497993C CN 100497993 C CN100497993 C CN 100497993C CN B2006100923750 A CNB2006100923750 A CN B2006100923750A CN 200610092375 A CN200610092375 A CN 200610092375A CN 100497993 C CN100497993 C CN 100497993C
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- memory alloy
- shock absorber
- valve
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010380 TiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a fluid damper with an adjustable damping coefficient, comprising: a cylinder body having an accommodating space for accommodating fluid; the piston is provided with a piston head capable of moving in the accommodating space and a piston rod extending from the piston head to two ends of the cylinder body respectively. The piston head has at least one fluid passage therethrough and is formed of at least one piston disc. The piston disc includes: a disk body having a through hole for forming the fluid passage; a valve provided on the disk body and movable from a first position to open the through-hole to a second position to close the through-hole and vice versa; the driver controls the movement of the valve through the deformation of the shape memory alloy, so that the fluid channel is opened or closed to adjust the damping force, the driver comprises two strip-shaped memory alloy wires, one ends of the two strip-shaped memory alloy wires are respectively connected to two sides of the valve, and the other ends of the two strip-shaped memory alloy wires are fixed on the disc body. Because the valve in the shock absorber is driven by the shape memory alloy, dependence on external force is eliminated, and the reliability of the shock absorber is maintained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vibration damper, particularly a kind of fluid damper with adjustable damping coefficient.
Background technique
Some material through suitable heating process, can be returned to the shape before the distortion after plastic deformation has taken place, this phenomenon is called shape memory effect (SME), and the alloy with shape memory effect is called as marmem (SMA).The marmem of having succeeded in developing at present has TiNi base marmem, copper-based shape memory alloy, iron-base marmem etc.When marmem passed through its transformation temperature in cooling procedure, its crystalline structure underwent phase transition, and promptly changes low temperature phase (martensite) into from high temperature phase (austenite).This phase transformation is the basis with unique shape memory function of these alloys.Particularly, this alloy is in martensitic phase at low temperatures, and it is easy to distortion.Yet when alloy was heated to austenite transformation temperature, it can return to its original-shape with great strength.
Composition by changing alloy and carry out suitable heat treatment can change the temperature that this alloy is remembered its low temperature form.For example, in marmem, this temperature can be from being higher than 100 ℃ to being lower than-100 ℃.This shape recovery process occurs over just in the scope in several years, in case of necessity, the beginning or end of phase transformation can be controlled in the several years.
If be out of shape being higher than on the austenite phase transformation end temp, the alloy of this uniqueness also has superelastic properties (SE).This is because due to the stress-induced martensitic phase transformation.In case and stress relieving, then martensite can return back to deformation-free austenite immediately.Thereby these alloys have and are similar to the same elasticity of rubber.
Now, because marmem has unique shape memory characteristic, so many fields are more and more paid attention to and are widely applied in the use of marmem.
At present, though some technology (referring to patent documentation, for example US6796408, US6394242, US5750272, US5564537 etc.) that marmem are applied to damping device are arranged, these vibration dampers can not be regulated the damping constant of itself.Have some adjustable damping coefficient hydraulic damper in the prior art, it regulates damping constant by rheological technique (changing the viscosity factor of damping oil), but its unstable properties aspect the adjusting damping constant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fluid damper with adjustable damping coefficient, it can adjust effective fluid passage number of this fluid damper inside by shape-memory alloy wire actuator, changes the damping constant of vibration damper.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of fluid damper, comprising with adjustable damping coefficient: cylinder body, have a containing space in it, be equipped with fluid in this containing space; Piston, it has the piston head that can move and extends to the cylinder body two ends respectively from this piston head in this containing space piston rod.This piston head has at least one fluid passage of running through this piston head, and this piston head is made of at least one piston plate.This piston plate comprises: disk body, and it has the through hole that is used to form this fluid passage; Valve, it is arranged on this disk body, and can move to the second place of closing this through hole from the primary importance of opening this through hole and move to this primary importance from this second place; And driver, its deformation by marmem comes moving of control valve, thereby open or close described fluid passage, to regulate the size of damping force, this driver comprises two strip memory alloy wires, one end of described two strip memory alloy wires is connected to this valve both sides, and the other end of described two strip memory alloy wires is fixed in this disk body.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, this vibration damper also comprises the positioning device that is positioned at this piston plate, and this positioning device comprises the groove that is arranged on this valve, the ball that is biased in groove.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, this piston plate also comprises a plurality of pulleys that are installed on this disk body, to twine and to guide described shape-memory alloy wire.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, described two strip memory alloy wires have identical primary stress level and different strains.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, described two strip memory alloy wires come moving of control valve by the mode that deformation takes place in the alternate energisation heating.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, described piston plate is a plurality of, and each described piston plate is arranged side by side successively along the length direction of described piston rod, and corresponding connection of the through hole of adjacent pistons dish forms this fluid passage.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, also has the rod-type compensator that is connected with cylinder body one end in this vibration damper.
According to above-mentioned fluid damper, this fluid is a viscous liquid.
The present invention is than the advantage of prior art:
1) can change the damping constant of vibration damper by effective fluid passage (fluid passage of promptly opening) quantity of regulating in the vibration damper;
2) because the valve in the vibration damper of the present invention passes through the deformation driving of marmem, eliminated dependence, thereby kept the reliability of this vibration damper external force;
3) vibration damper cost of the present invention is low, the operation of being more convenient for.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic according to the main structure of fluid damper of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation with fluid damper of rod-type compensator;
Fig. 3 is the interior modular construction schematic representation of piston plate that constitutes piston head in the fluid damper of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a is that the expression shape-memory alloy wire is lower than stress-strain schematic representation under the Mf, i.e. shape memory effect in temperature;
Fig. 4 b represents that the stress-strain of shape-memory alloy wire under different temperatures concerns and the schematic representation of the positional stability of valve.
Embodiment
Main design of the present invention is to control gadget parts moving of mechanical valve for example in the shock absorber piston by the variation of marmem length, change fluid passage (hereinafter referred to as " effectively the fluid passage ") number of opening, thereby change the damping constant of vibration damper, to satisfy the demand of adjusting vibration damper damping size.Describe the fluid damper with adjustable damping coefficient of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic according to the main structure of fluid damper of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, fluid damper of the present invention comprises: cylinder body 10, have a containing space in it, and be equipped with fluid 110 in this containing space; Piston, it has the piston head 20 that can move and extends to the cylinder body two ends respectively from this piston head in this containing space piston rod 30.This piston head 20 is connected with piston rod 30, and effectively the containing space of cylinder body 10 inside is divided into two independently pressure chambers.This piston head 20 has at least one fluid passage 211 (being 2 in the present embodiment), and it runs through this piston head 20, thereby can be communicated with two of the piston both sides independently pressure chambers.According to the actual requirements, this piston head 20 can only be made of 1 piston plate 20A (referring to Fig. 3), also can be arranged side by side (referring to Fig. 2) along piston rod 30 length directions, thereby and make the corresponding fluid passage shown in Figure 1 211 that forms of through hole of each piston plate 20A by the identical piston plate 20A of a plurality of (for example 5) structure.
Vibration damper shown in Figure 1 is a double end, and the advantage of this set is: be not the variation that must have the oil hydraulic cylinder inner volume that rod-type compensator (rod-volume compensator) causes owing to the motion of piston rod in order to compensation in this vibration damper.Fig. 2 shows the adjustable fluid damper of damping constant with rod-type compensator.
Working principle according to vibration damper shown in Figure 1 is: when vibration damper is subjected to external impact force F, piston moves the fluid compression that causes piston head 20 1 sides, thereby the pressure chamber of piston head 20 both sides becomes hyperbaric chamber and low pressure chamber respectively, forces fluid 110 to flow to low pressure chamber (direction of arrow as shown in fig. 1) from the hyperbaric chamber by the fluid passage 211 of piston head 20 inside.Flowing to from the hyperbaric chamber in the zone of low pressure chamber, liquid speed is very high, thereby the pressure energy of upstream fluid almost all changes kinetic energy into.Subsequently, when fluid flow to the low pressure chamber of this piston head opposite side and is expanded to its whole volume, liquid speed slowed down and loses its kinetic energy, thereby changes turbulent flow into.Compare with the pressure of piston head upstream side, the pressure in the downstream side of this piston head is very little.This pressure difference has produced bigger power, stops the motion of piston head 20.When fluid 110 flows through in the process of piston head 20 internal fluid channels 211, can be subjected to very big resistance, so just produced damping function preferably, played the purpose of damping.
By the working principle of above-mentioned vibration damper as can be known, when all fluid passages are closed, will obtain maximum damping force; When open all fluid passages, will obtain minimum damping force.That is to say that along with the increase of effective fluid passage number, damping force reduces gradually.After the damping constant of this vibration damper was adjusted to predetermined value, this vibration damper will be with passive pattern work.In view of the above, the present invention in forming the piston plate of piston head also design and installation regulate the mechanism of effective fluid passage quantity, see also Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is the interior modular construction schematic representation of piston plate 20A that constitutes piston head 20 in the fluid damper of the present invention.This piston plate comprises: disk body 210, and it has through hole (being blocked by valve, so not shown); Valve 230, it is arranged on the disk body 210, and can and open between the position of through hole and move in the position of closing through hole; Driver, it is arranged in the disk body 210, and this driver is pull-type from prestrain type driver, comprises the shape-memory alloy wire 220 and 220 ' that is connected with valve 230, shape-memory alloy wire 220 and an end of 220 ' are connected to this valve both sides, and the other end is fixed on this disk body; This driver comes moving of control valve by the deformation of shape-memory alloy wire, thereby opens or closes requisite number purpose fluid passage.For the SMA silk that makes length can be installed in the small space of piston plate, can use pulley 250 and 250 ', shape-memory alloy wire 220 and 220 ' is wrapped on the wheel.
SMA is easy to elongate along its axial direction when being in martensitic phase, and the atomic crystal structure will rearrange, and in view of the above marmem will be processed to form the SMA silk.These SMA silks can keep the state of elongation, and when they were heated above austenite transformation temperature, its crystalline structure just can return its original (memory) austenitic structure.In this process, the SMA silk can not only be contracted to its original length, and produces very big power, and the size of this power depends on alloying constituent and its processing.
Because shape-memory alloy wire is finished temperature M being lower than martensitic phase transformation
fTemperature under easily deformable, so need to finish temperature M being lower than martensitic phase transformation
fTemperature under the operation these valves; After the operation of these valves, the memory effect of shape-memory alloy wire makes these valves can " remember " its position after driving, so this vibration damper can move under passive mode.With reference to figure 3, Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b, under effect as the deformation of the shape-memory alloy wire of driver, the operating mechanism of the valve in the piston head is: before starter gate valve, when the prestrain shown in the shape-memory alloy wire 220 receptor site A and shape-memory alloy wire 220 ' were subjected to prestrain shown in the B, these two lines were in martensitic phase.When with current flow heats shape-memory alloy wire 220, heating can make shape-memory alloy wire 220 undergo phase transition, and is austenite from Martensitic transformation, and shape-memory alloy wire 220 tends to shrink and returns to its original length.Shape-memory alloy wire 220 is owing to the length contraction spurs valve, and the position that valve cuts out from the fluid passage moves to the position that open the fluid passage, to open the fluid passage; This moment, shape-memory alloy wire 220 ' was because energising and still be in martensitic phase is easily deformable under the effect of external force, thus moving of responsive valve and elongating, promptly since valve move its strain from a B to putting A.After valve moves to the fluid passage open position, stop to shape-memory alloy wire 220 energisings, so that shape-memory alloy wire 220 and 220 ' keeps length constant when stopping to switch on, make the fluid passage closure until carrying out reverse operating.。In the time will making this fluid passage closed, carry out reverse operating, promptly to shape-memory alloy wire 220 ' energising, make its contraction with current flow heats shape-memory alloy wire 220 ', thereby pulling valve 230 oppositely moves, and then the position that valve 230 is opened from the fluid passage moves to the position that the fluid passage is closed, to close the fluid passage; At this moment, the prestrain of shape-memory alloy wire 220 and shape-memory alloy wire 220 ' will be got back to an A respectively and put B.
Thisly pull-typely from prestrain type driver be: the primary stress level of two strip memory alloy wires is identical, and strain difference (this can realize when shape-memory alloy wire is installed in piston plate); Here " primary stress " is meant the stress that shape-memory alloy wire in being fixed on piston plate but is subjected to before the action.
In vibration damper of the present invention, the length deformation quantity of the displacement distance of valve and shape-memory alloy wire is the design key of this driver when practical application, but this belongs to those skilled in the art and realize easily when actual design, so omit its detailed description here.Because the maximum prestrain of qualification silk and minimum prestrain (shown in Fig. 4 a) must be in the state of strain in the martensitic detwinning process (detwinning process), so a kind of feasible method is the mid point of a B near the detwinning state, and some A is near the end of stress phase.Those skilled in the art can be easily data by experiment, select composition, thickness, length and the quantity of employed shape-memory alloy wire as required, to satisfy the size of required pulling force.For the SMA silk that makes length can be installed in the small space of piston head, need to use pulley 250 and 250 '.
This vibration damper also comprises the positioning device that is positioned at this piston, and it comprises: this positioning device comprises the groove that is positioned on the valve 230, two vee-cuts 241 for example shown in Figure 3; Ball 240, its by biasing member for example the spring (not shown) be biased in the groove 241, remain on the position of expection after operation, to make valve 230.By this positioning device, stopping after the shape-memory alloy wire energising, shape-memory alloy wire can keep length constant, so valve 230 is locked in accurate position easily.
This vibration damper can change mechanical energy into heat energy as energy dissipation unit.When high damping force occurring, the temperature of this vibration damper can be quite high.What this device adopted is this pull-type from prestrain driving mode and positioning device, makes vibration damper of the present invention be higher than austenite in temperature and finishes temperature A
fHigh temperature under also have good stable.By considering the stress-strain relation of marmem under different temperatures shown in Fig. 4 b, can understand this behavior better.Because these two silks are installed in the piston head that is filled with silicone oil, so the temperature of two silks all should be mutually the same at any time; Therefore, under this uniform temp, two interior stress of silk must all be in approximately uniform stress level.Therefore, this valve can not move away its precalculated position under the effect of positioning device.
This vibration damper inner fluid can be a viscous fluid, and it can be high temperature resistant, nontoxic, good thermal stability and can not wearing out.Because the burning-point of silicone oil is higher than 300 ℃ and inertia, totally nontoxic is one of best fluid of available thermostability, so the viscous fluid in the vibration damper often adopts silicone oil.
Vibration damper also has a plurality of Sealings.When vibration damper did not often use for a long time, Sealing must be able to not show long-term adhesion and can not allow fluid leaks.Dynamic sealing (piston and shaft seal) is made by structural polymer, polyurethane, to eliminate owing to not using for a long time adhesion or the compression that causes; And the sealing part can be along with the time, aging, degraded or cold deformation took place.
Industrial applicibility
Damper of the present invention is regulated effective fluid in the damper by shape-memory alloy wire actuator Number of channels is realized the change of damper damped coefficient, has eliminated the dependence to external force, thereby has kept this The reliability of damper, and reduce maintenance cost, give simultaneously this damper great application flexibility.
The present invention can be applied in the most civil engineering structure, needs such as house, bridge and tower etc. Strengthen the structure of energy dissipation capability, and offshore drilling platforms, all kinds of conveyance conduits and large scale wind In the plant equipment such as generator, with the vibrations that reduce to cause owing to various environment disturbances.
The present invention also can be applicable in the vehicles, for example is used for the suspension damper of vehicle.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100923750A CN100497993C (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2006-06-07 | Fluid shock absorber with adjustable damping coefficient |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100923750A CN100497993C (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2006-06-07 | Fluid shock absorber with adjustable damping coefficient |
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| CN101086289A CN101086289A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
| CN100497993C true CN100497993C (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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| CNB2006100923750A Active CN100497993C (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2006-06-07 | Fluid shock absorber with adjustable damping coefficient |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2617929A1 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1989-01-13 | Renault | SHOCK ABSORBER HAVING SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS |
| CN1071352A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1993-04-28 | 北京科技大学 | Marmen stone-crusher |
| US5967268A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1999-10-19 | Tenneco Automotive Inc. | Temperature responsive damper |
| US6467392B1 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2002-10-22 | Mercedes Benz Lenkungen Gmbh | Steering damper for a hydraulic power-assisted steering system |
| CN2597576Y (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-01-07 | 东南大学 | Engineering Structure Shape Memory Alloy Tension-compression Superelastic Damper |
| CN1621707A (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2005-06-01 | 重庆大学 | Double channel magnetic current damp variation device with recombination of mixing mode and flowing mode |
-
2006
- 2006-06-07 CN CNB2006100923750A patent/CN100497993C/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2617929A1 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1989-01-13 | Renault | SHOCK ABSORBER HAVING SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS |
| CN1071352A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1993-04-28 | 北京科技大学 | Marmen stone-crusher |
| US5967268A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1999-10-19 | Tenneco Automotive Inc. | Temperature responsive damper |
| US6467392B1 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2002-10-22 | Mercedes Benz Lenkungen Gmbh | Steering damper for a hydraulic power-assisted steering system |
| CN2597576Y (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-01-07 | 东南大学 | Engineering Structure Shape Memory Alloy Tension-compression Superelastic Damper |
| CN1621707A (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2005-06-01 | 重庆大学 | Double channel magnetic current damp variation device with recombination of mixing mode and flowing mode |
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| CN101086289A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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