CN100497690C - Multiphase oxide particles enhanced copper-base composite material and preparing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a copper-based composite material reinforced by multi-phase oxide particles and a preparation method thereof. The composition weight percent is: Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, La ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, Y ₂ O ₃ : 0.1 to 2.0, the balance being Cu. The preparation method is as follows: mix Cu, Al, La, and Y alloy elements according to the alloy design composition ratio, and use vacuum spray forming technology and equipment to prepare CuAlLaY alloy ingot; Reaction treatment, prepared into CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ series composite materials; and then prepared into rods, plates, sheets, wires through forging, extrusion, rolling, drawing, heat treatment and other processing processes Products with complex shapes, such as profiles, profiled materials or contacts, realize uniform solidification, short process, and near-forming processing; new materials not only have high electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal stability and thermal strength, but also have wear resistance, corrosion resistance, It has electric contact properties such as resistance to arc burning and fusion welding, and it also has superior strength and processing properties than materials prepared by conventional casting methods and powder metallurgy methods, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Multiphase oxide particle reinforced copper matrix composite material and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a copper-based composite material reinforced by multi-phase oxide particles and a preparation method thereof, belonging to a new type of copper-based electrical alloy.

Background technique

Oxide particle reinforced copper-based composite materials mainly include: CuAl ₂ O ₃ , CuY ₂ O ₃ , CuZr ₂ O ₃ , CuSiO ₂ , CuMgO, CuTiO _{2 ,} etc. Among them, CuAl ₂ O ₃ is the most commonly used, which not only has good electrical and thermal conductivity Well, it also has high hardness, strength and softening temperature, etc. It is widely used in the fields of automobile, electronics, electrician, electromechanical and so on.

Foreign research on the preparation of CuAl ₂ O ₃ materials by internal oxidation method entered the practical stage after the 1950s. In the 1970s, the United States successfully applied the powder internal oxidation method for industrial production, such as the CA194 and CA195 dispersion-strengthened copper produced by OMG. Base composite materials, such as C15715 and C15760 copper base composite materials produced by SCM, have a softening temperature of 900°C, an electrical conductivity of 80% to 90% IACS, and a tensile strength of 540MPa. A production scale of 20 tons per month has been formed. Its products are mainly used as resistance welding electrodes, high-strength power lines, filament leads, electrical contacts, continuous casting machine crystallizers, etc. At the same time, they are also used to replace CuCr series, CuCrZr series and other electrode materials prepared by traditional melting and casting methods.

The KLF-1 and MF202 dispersion-strengthened copper alloys produced by Japan's Matsushita Electric Co., Ltd., and the CuAl ₂ O ₃ produced by Germany's SIEMENS Company and South Korea's LKENG Company have considerable scale, and corresponding product technical standards have been formulated. Because such products are still listed as patented products in foreign countries, the production process technology is still kept secret, and the CuAl alloy powder internal oxidation method is still the main method for industrial production of oxide particle-reinforced copper-based composite materials.

The research on copper-based composite materials reinforced by oxide particles started relatively late in my country, and the project was officially established in the 1970s. It was jointly developed by Luoyang Copper Processing Plant and Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy; it was not until the late 1980s and mid-1990s that Tianjin University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Shenyang University of Technology, Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute and other units reported research on such materials; by the end of the 1990s, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Beijing General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals and other units adopted rapid solidification and cooling. Static pressure technology, research and development of such materials have been carried out one after another. However, due to various reasons such as poor uniformity of CuAl ₂ O ₃ structure, low density, complicated preparation process, and high production cost, relevant domestic units have only established small-scale pilot production lines and have not been able to produce large-scale production; at the same time, CuAl _{2 O 3} O ₃ materials are not stable in terms of mechanical properties, processing technology and softening temperature, etc., and the processing yield is low, resulting in high production costs; therefore, various technical performance indicators need to be further improved and improved. At present, most of the CuAl ₂ O ₃ materials used domestically still depend on imports and are expensive.

At present, the domestic preparation methods of alumina particle reinforced copper matrix composites mainly include: mechanical powder mixing method, chemical co-precipitation method, mechanical alloying method, powder internal oxidation method, sol-gel method, etc. to prepare alloy powder, and then press Forming, sintering, extrusion, drawing, rolling and mechanical processing and other technologies can finally obtain the required shape and size of the product. Due to the existence of domestic materials and production processes: (1) the oxide particles are coarse and the reinforcement phase is single, and the high-temperature performance of the material is unstable; (2) the formation of the oxide particle reinforcement phase is difficult, and the material performance is unstable; (3) it cannot be directly prepared Near-form components such as ingots, plates, wheels, etc., the material preparation process is complex, the product quality is difficult to control, and the production cost is high; (4) Large-scale production cannot be formed. As a result, there is a large gap in the preparation level and comprehensive performance of CuAl ₂ O ₃ materials compared with foreign countries, and the large-scale application of CuAl ₂ O ₃ still depends on imports.

Contents of the invention

The invention integrates advanced processing technologies such as spray forming and in-situ chemical reaction, and can realize short process, near forming, forced

Uniform solidification to prepare CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ new composite materials, one-time preparation of ingots, plates, wheels and other shaped components, with high production efficiency

High, low processing cost, stable product quality and other characteristics, the product has obvious technical and economic advantages at home and abroad, and has the international market competition

compete for strength.

The chemical composition weight percentage (wt%) of the copper-based composite material of the present invention is: Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, La ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, Y ₂ 0 ₃ : 0.1-2.0, and the balance is Cu.

The preparation method of the copper-based composite material of the present invention is as follows: the Cu, Al, La, Y alloy elements are prepared according to the alloy design composition ratio, and the vacuum spray forming technology and equipment are used to prepare the CuAlLaY alloy ingot; by controlling the oxygen partial pressure, the Copper alloys are processed by in-situ chemical reactions to prepare CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ composite materials; then processed by forging, extrusion, rolling, drawing, heat treatment, etc.

process, to prepare products with complex shapes such as rods, plates, sheets, wires, profiles or contacts, to achieve uniform solidification, short process, and near-forming processing.

The material of the present invention not only has high electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal stability and thermal strength, but also has electrical contact properties such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, arc burning resistance and fusion welding resistance, and has better performance than conventional melting and casting methods and powder metallurgy. The material prepared by the method and other technologies has excellent strength and processing performance, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The material can be used in electric power, electrician, electronics, electromechanical, automobile and other related industries, such as high-voltage switch contacts in electric power engineering, high-power contact materials, integrated circuit cooling plates, large-scale high-speed turbine generator rotor wires, electrical contact materials that replace silver, Electrical switch contact bridge and other fields.

Copper-based composite materials reinforced with multi-phase oxide particles have been applied and promoted in related industries such as automobiles, electric power, electronics, electrical engineering, electromechanical, and aerospace.

The advantage of spray forming technology is that it completes the atomization and deposition solidification of metal melt at one time, and can directly prepare high-performance materials with rapid solidification structure characteristics, overall compactness, and close to the actual shape of parts from liquid metal through forced uniform solidification. Spray forming in-situ chemical reaction CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ second phase particles are fine and uniform, distributed in the grain and grain boundary of the copper matrix, so that the thermal stability and thermal strength of the material are significantly improved . Therefore, the present invention utilizes the characteristics of easy formation of rare earth oxide particles, high hardness, good thermal stability, and incompatibility with the base metal, combined with the integration of advanced preparation and processing technologies such as spray forming and in-situ chemical reaction, to stabilize the production process, The production cost is reduced, and the industrial upgrading and transformation of oxide particle-reinforced copper-based composite materials is realized.

Detailed ways

The chemical composition weight percent (wt%) of the copper-based composite material of the present invention is: Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, La ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, Y ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, and the balance is Cu.

The preparation method of copper-based composite material of the present invention, its specific process step process is:

(1) Al, La, Y, and Cu elements with a purity >99.9% are prepared according to the alloy design composition ratio, and vacuum spray deposition equipment is used to prepare near-formed components such as ingots, plates, and wheels of CuAlLaY alloys.

(2) Controlling the oxygen partial pressure, in-situ chemical reaction treatment is carried out on the CuAlLaY alloy to prepare the CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ composite material, and the in-situ reaction temperature is: 800°C-1000°C.

(3) The CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ composite material is processed by forging, extrusion, rolling, drawing, etc., and finally processed into rods, plates, sheets, wires, Shaped products such as profiles or contacts. The forging extrusion temperature is: 700°C-900°C, the rolling and drawing deformation is 30%-50%, and the heat treatment temperature is 600°C-800°C.

The physical and mechanical properties of CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ series composites are shown in Table 1.

The thermal conductivity and high temperature performance indicators of CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ series composites are shown in Table 2.

Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of _{CuAl 2} O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ series composites

Table 2. Thermal conductivity and high temperature performance of _{CuAl 2} O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ series composites

Claims (2)

1. A heterogeneous oxide particle reinforced copper matrix composite material, characterized in that the chemical composition weight percentage (wt%) of this material is: Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, La ₂ O ₃ : 0.1-2.0, Y ₂ O ₃ : 0.1 to 2.0, the balance being Cu. 2. The preparation method of the heterogeneous oxide particle reinforced copper-based composite material in claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of this method is: (1) Al, La, Y, Cu elements with a purity > 99.9% by weight are prepared according to the design composition ratio of CuAlLaY alloy, and vacuum spray deposition equipment is used to prepare ingots, plates or wheels of CuAlLaY alloy; (2) Control the partial pressure of oxygen, carry out in-situ chemical reaction treatment on CuAlLaY alloy, and prepare CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ composite materials, and the in-situ reaction temperature is: 800 ° C ~ 1000 ° C; (3) The CuAl ₂ O ₃ La ₂ O ₃ Y ₂ O ₃ composite material is forged, extruded, rolled or drawn, and finally reprocessed into rods, plates, sheets, wires, For special-shaped or contact-shaped products, the forging and extrusion temperature is 700°C to 900°C, the rolling and drawing deformation is 30% to 50%, and the heat treatment temperature is 600°C to 800°C.