CN100491692C - 无枪身复合射孔装置 - Google Patents
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
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Abstract
本发明属于石油开采技术领域，具体地说是一种可用于过油管施工的无枪身复合射孔装置。包括点火头、导爆索和射孔部分，该射孔部分由多个串联在一起的射孔单元组成，每个射孔单元具有一个弹架和一个射孔弹，各射孔弹与导爆索相连，所说的弹架由脆性金属材料制成，在该弹架的外周装有与弹架外表吻合的火药柱。施工时通电起爆电雷管并引爆导爆索，导爆索继而引爆射孔弹完成射孔，导爆索和射孔弹的爆炸能点燃火药柱，使燃气在较短的时间内达到峰值压力，获得良好的射孔、延缝效果，而弹架在射孔中可被充分破碎，不会给井内造成后期危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油开采技术领域，特别是一种适用于过油管施工的无枪身复合射孔装置。
背景技术
在石油开采中，对油层进行射孔分为通过套管实施射孔和过油管实施射孔，过油管射孔是用外径小于油管内径的无枪身射孔器，通过井内的油管下到预定位置，对有关油层再进行射孔的一种工艺。由于受射孔装置外径尺寸的限定和油井保护套管的要求，射孔弹的几何尺寸及装药量一般都小于通过套管施工的射孔器，并且沟通地层的深度也没有套管射孔施工的那样深。过油管射孔装置一般都具有一个弹架，各射孔弹均安装在这一个弹架上。目前的过油管射孔装置的弹架主要有两种，一种是采用钢管加工成的螺旋型弹架，射孔弹按不同方位装在弹架上，实现多相位射孔，如中国专利CN01212983所公开的一种多相位弹架就是这种螺旋型弹架；另一种是用钢板制成的板式弹架，实现一个方向或互成180°方向的射孔，如中国专利CN01212966所公开的一种过油管射孔器装置就采用了这种金属板式弹架。上述的这两类射孔器有两点不足之处：一是它们仅具有单纯的射孔功能，如前所述，因其射孔弹几何尺寸及炸药装药量有限，所以射孔后沟通地层的效果较差，并存在射孔孔道的压实带污染；二是钢质螺旋式或板式弹架在射孔后，因其不易破碎或发生扭曲、变形等情况而易卡在井中，给后期的作业工具下井造成阻碍。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是：提供一种过油管无枪身复合射孔装置，本复合射孔装置可在射孔弹爆炸射孔的基础上，增加火药装药的燃气能量对目的层实施二次做功，消除射孔压实带污染，并使射孔孔道以裂缝的形式延伸扩展，增加近井地层沟通半径；并且弹架在射孔时易于破碎，不给井内留下大的残片以保持井筒的通畅。
解决上述问题的技术方案是：所提供的过油管无枪身复合射孔装置包括点火头、导爆索和射孔部分，该射孔部分包括弹架和装在弹架上的射孔弹，各射孔弹与导爆索相连；本发明的特别之处是：所说的射孔部分由多个串联在一起的射孔单元组成，每个射孔单元具有一个弹架和一个射孔弹，所说的弹架由脆性金属材料制成，在该弹架的外周装有与弹架外表吻合的火药柱，该火药柱的外径即为射孔部分的外径。也就是说火药柱是异型火药柱，且无外壳。过油管射孔作业时，将本射孔装置下到井内预定的位置，通电起爆电雷管并引爆导爆索，导爆索继而引爆射孔弹完成射孔，射孔弹的爆炸做功还引燃火药，火药形成的燃气脉冲对岩层冲击加载，使岩层沿各个射孔孔道形成多条裂纹；同时，在射孔过程中弹架也会被充分破碎，不会形成大的破片而给井内造成后期危害。
与现有技术相比，本射孔装置的单元弹架上装配有无外壳的异型火药柱，射孔弹爆炸能量点燃火药柱所形成的不规则燃烧，可使燃气快速达到峰值压力，它既能与射孔弹聚能射孔产生协同作用，使射孔的效果更佳，又能对岩层冲击加载，消除射孔孔道的压实带污染，并沿各射孔孔道形成多条裂纹，取得良好的沟通效果。本发明的另一优点是射孔部分由多个射孔单元组成，各射孔单元可根据需要按一定相位连接组装而成，射孔部分的长度也可以根据储层厚度进行调节，而且操作简便。
上述的弹架可以采用粉末冶金烧结件，如铁基、铜基或铝基粉末冶金材料；也可采用脆性金属铸件，如铁、铝等金属铸件，但最好采用粉末冶金烧结件。
上述各射孔单元之间可以通过销钉连接；
上述各射孔单元的弹架上端中央延伸出一个定位柱，在弹架的下端设有与该定位柱相匹配的定位凹槽，这样可以更加方便的进行各射孔单元间的连接；
上述所说的定位柱最好是正等边棱柱，其边数由射孔相位确定；
在上述的点火头上设置适当长度和重量的配重管柱，这样可避免施工时井筒内形成的上举力使电缆上冲或打扭。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构图。
图2是本发明射孔部分的局部结构图。
图3是图2中射孔单元的结构图。
具体实施方式
图1、图2和图3给出了本发明的实施例。
如图1所示：本复合射孔装置主要由依次连接的电缆接头1、触点接线接头2、磁定位器3、配重管柱4、点火头5、弹架接头8、由多个射孔单元9串联组成的射孔部分和炮尾10组成。点火头5中装有电雷管6，其下端及引出的导爆索用胶带7密封。射孔部分的第一个射孔单元的上端与弹架接头8连接，最后一个射孔单元的下端与炮尾10连接。
如图2、图3所示：射孔部分的各射孔单元9根据要求按一定的相位和孔密连接在一起。每个射孔单元9由一个带卡弹槽的弹架12、装配在该弹架卡弹槽内的一个射孔弹11和火药柱13组成，其中弹架12采用铝基粉末冶金材料，火药柱13包围在弹架12的外面，并设置有射孔弹的预留孔19，以便安装射孔弹，火药柱13可用单基火药、双基火药或复合火药制作。为了使导爆索14不凸出在外，在火药柱13上还设置有导爆索14的敷设槽，导爆索14沿此敷设槽装配，导爆索与射孔弹之间用固定卡15相连。
各射孔单元之间的连接方式是：通过销钉将各单元弹架连接在一起。本实例中每个射孔单元9的弹架12上端中央延伸出一个定位柱16，定位柱的上部为正八棱柱，定位柱上还设有销钉孔17；射孔单元9的弹架12下端设有相对应的定位凹槽18。连接时，一个射孔单元的定位柱16插入另一个相邻的射孔单元的定位凹槽18中，然后用销钉20将两者连接在一起。
本实例的射孔部分按每米16个射孔单元的孔密、45°右旋的相位进行组装，射孔装置的最大外径≤54mm。本射孔装置用电缆下到井内预定的位置后，通电起爆电雷管6并引爆导爆索14，导爆索依次引爆各射孔弹11，射孔弹引燃火药；由火药产生的燃气脉冲对岩层冲击加载，使岩层沿各个射孔孔道形成多条裂纹。在射孔及高能燃气的作用过程中，大于2000℃的高温、大约100MPa的压力还可破解射孔压实带，解除原渗流缝隙中的堵塞杂质，增大近井地层的渗流速率，提高油气井的产能。
Claims (8)
1、一种无枪身复合射孔装置，包括点火头(5)、导爆索(14)和射孔部分，该射孔部分包括弹架和装在弹架上的射孔弹，各射孔弹与导爆索(14)相连，其特征是所说的射孔部分由多个串联在一起的射孔单元(9)组成，每个射孔单元(9)具有一个弹架(12)和一个射孔弹(11)，所说的弹架(12)由脆性金属材料制成，在该弹架(12)的外周装有与弹架外表吻合的火药柱(13)，该火药柱(13)的外径即为射孔部分的外径。
2、如权利要求1所述的射孔装置，其特征是所说的弹架(12)采用粉末冶金烧结件。
3、如权利要求1所述的射孔装置，其特征是所说的弹架(12)采用脆性金属铸件。
4、如权利要求1或2或3所述的射孔装置，其特征是所说的各射孔单元(9)的弹架(12)上端中央延伸出一个定位柱(16)，在弹架的下端设有与该定位柱相匹配的定位凹槽(18)。
5、如权利要求4所述的射孔装置，其特征是所说的定位柱(16)是正等边棱柱。
6、如权利要求4所述的射孔装置，其特征是所说的各射孔单元(9)之间通过销钉(20)连接。
7、如权利要求2或3所说的射孔装置，其特征是在火药柱(13)上设有导爆索(14)的敷设槽。
8、如权利要求6所述的射孔装置，其特征是在火药柱(13)上设有导爆索(14)的敷设槽。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100960308A CN100491692C (zh) | 2005-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | 无枪身复合射孔装置 |
| PCT/CN2006/002216 WO2007031001A1 (fr) | 2005-09-15 | 2006-08-29 | Dispositif de perforation composé exempt de corps |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100960308A CN100491692C (zh) | 2005-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | 无枪身复合射孔装置 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1740513A CN1740513A (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
| CN100491692C true CN100491692C (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2005100960308A Expired - Fee Related CN100491692C (zh) | 2005-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | 无枪身复合射孔装置 |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100491692C (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2007031001A1 (zh) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012088984A1 (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | 西安通源石油科技股份有限公司 | 复合压裂射孔装置的火药装药结构 |
| US8943944B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-02-03 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd | Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating devices |
| US8960289B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2015-02-24 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd. | Combined fracturing and perforating method and device for oil and gas well |
| US9027667B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2015-05-12 | Tong Oil Tools Co. Ltd. | Structure for gunpowder charge in combined fracturing perforation device |
| US9297243B2 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2016-03-29 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd | Composite perforation method and device with propping agent |
| US9297242B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2016-03-29 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd. | Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating device |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103939077A (zh) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-23 | 山东科技大学 | 一种高应力低孔隙率煤层射孔压裂增透方法 |
| CN111305798B (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | 一种分簇选发桥射联作射孔模块 |
| CN111764873B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-06-17 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | 一种电缆输送过油管射孔用无枪身单元枪 |
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| US4253523A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1981-03-03 | Ibsen Barrie G | Method and apparatus for well perforation and fracturing operations |
| US4467878A (en) * | 1981-09-04 | 1984-08-28 | Ibsen Barrie G | Shaped charge and carrier assembly therefor |
| US4496009A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-01-29 | Shell Oil Company | Through the tubing perforating gun assembly |
| US4951744A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1990-08-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Angularly shaped unitary structured base strip comprised of a specific material adapted for phasing charges in a perforating gun |
| US5095999A (en) * | 1990-08-07 | 1992-03-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Through tubing perforating gun including a plurality of phased capsule charges mounted on a retrievable base strip via a plurality of shatterable support rings |
| US5590723A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1997-01-07 | Halliburton Company | Perforating charge carrier assembly |
| US6062310A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2000-05-16 | Owen Oil Tools, Inc. | Full bore gun system |
| CN2309419Y (zh) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-03-03 | 西安市通源科技产业有限责任公司 | 油气井高能复合正压高孔密双射流射孔装置 |
| CN2464937Y (zh) * | 2001-01-21 | 2001-12-12 | 西安石油勘探仪器总厂 | 无枪身射孔器 |
| CN2485422Y (zh) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-04-10 | 西安通源石油科技产业有限责任公司 | 装药外置的油气井高能复合射孔装置 |
| CN2818774Y (zh) * | 2005-09-15 | 2006-09-20 | 西安聚和石油技术开发有限公司 | 无枪身复合射孔装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-09-15 CN CNB2005100960308A patent/CN100491692C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-08-29 WO PCT/CN2006/002216 patent/WO2007031001A1/zh active Application Filing
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8960289B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2015-02-24 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd. | Combined fracturing and perforating method and device for oil and gas well |
| US9027667B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2015-05-12 | Tong Oil Tools Co. Ltd. | Structure for gunpowder charge in combined fracturing perforation device |
| WO2012088984A1 (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | 西安通源石油科技股份有限公司 | 复合压裂射孔装置的火药装药结构 |
| US9297243B2 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2016-03-29 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd | Composite perforation method and device with propping agent |
| US8943944B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-02-03 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd | Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating devices |
| US9297242B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2016-03-29 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd. | Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1740513A (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
| WO2007031001A8 (fr) | 2007-07-12 |
| WO2007031001A1 (fr) | 2007-03-22 |
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