CN100488091C - Fixing beam shaping device and method applied to CDMA system - Google Patents
Fixing beam shaping device and method applied to CDMA system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种应用于CDMA系统中的固定波束成形装置及其方法，利用一个天线阵列同时实现一簇固定窄波束和一个扇区波束，采用模拟固定波束成形技术，利用固定窄波束成形网络(Butler阵)实现多个固定窄波束，利用相位调整装置对Butler阵波束端初始相位的控制形成一个覆盖全扇区的扇区波束，扇区波束的信号能量在各个天线阵元端具有相等或者近似相等的特性，因此可以充分利用天线阵列带来的性能增益，降低单个天线阵元的发射信号幅度，由此降低了系统的实现成本。
A fixed beamforming device and method applied in a CDMA system, using an antenna array to simultaneously realize a cluster of fixed narrow beams and a sector beam, using analog fixed beamforming technology, using a fixed narrow beamforming network (Butler array) Realize multiple fixed narrow beams, and use the phase adjustment device to control the initial phase of the Butler array beam end to form a sector beam covering the entire sector. The signal energy of the sector beam has equal or approximately equal characteristics at each antenna element end , so the performance gain brought by the antenna array can be fully utilized, and the transmitted signal amplitude of a single antenna array element can be reduced, thereby reducing the implementation cost of the system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fixed beam manufacturing process and device of antenna system, adopt the implementation method and the device of intelligent antenna technology in particularly a kind of code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication system.
Background technology
In recent years, CDMA mobile communication system has obtained very big development and application, and the most typical example is as generally commercial at present CDMA2000 mobile communication system.Mobile communication system with other system, compare as time division multiple access TDMA, frequency division multiple access FDMA system, cdma system has the advantage on capacity and the quality of service, but the feature limits such as deterioration of common-channel interference between the cdma system user (CCI) and wireless channel the capacity of cdma system, on the other hand, the mobile communication subscriber number increases rapidly, and people also improve constantly the requirement of mobile call quality, and this requires cellular cell to still have high speech quality under big capacity.In the interference that reduces system, the capacity aspect of raising system, generally the method for Cai Yonging is the cell sector technology, but too much sector can bring extra software to switch burden and signaling burden, the sector too much can increase pilot pollution simultaneously, and therefore typical the setting is that three sectors or six sectors are adopted in a base station.In the urban compact area, sometimes need be on the basis of sector base stations the further capacity and the performance of raising system, need to adopt other some technology this moment, as multi-transceiver technology, intelligent antenna technology or the like.
Smart antenna is a kind of mobile communication new technology based on the adaptive antenna principle.Compare with omnidirectional antenna, smart antenna can bring very high antenna gain by fixing narrow beam, theoretically, antenna system with N bay, the antenna gain that can bring is 10Log (N) dB, therefore under the situation with same array element transmitting power, antenna system can strengthen the coverage of base station.Under the situation that keeps same coverage, antenna system can improve the performance of base station system, reduces the transmitting power of bay, improves the cost benefit of base station.By fixing narrow beam, antenna system can further be cut apart the sector, compares with the non intelligent antenna system in sector, and the capacity of system can improve greatly.Smart antenna has incomparable superiority aspect elimination interference, expansion coverage radius of cell, reduction system cost, the raising power system capacity.Just because of this, the cdma system of existing system all wishes to use intelligent antenna technology in the system of oneself, but because the algorithm complex height, practical application has been subjected to considerable restraint.
Antenna system can be divided into adaptive smart antenna system and fixed beam switched system according to the implementation difference.The signal that adaptive antenna system utilizes certain Adaptive Criterion to form the user transmits and receives wave beam, has very big flexibility and good performance gain, and is complicated but system realizes, it is also quite difficult to upgrade to antenna system on the basis of existing system.The fixed beam switched system need be pre-formed a plurality of fixing wave beams and cover whole sub-district, and up, down link is by selecting one or several suitable wave beams and receive or transmitting.This method has very strong robustness, realizes than being easier to.If on the basis of existing cdma base station system, adopt antenna system, select the fixed beam switched system having clear superiority aspect the realization of simplified system.
When in cdma system, adopting the fixed beam switched system, not only to form a plurality of fixedly narrow beams, be used to transmit and receive user's business information, and will form a sector beam that covers whole sector, be used to launch user's common information, as pilot frequency information.Research field has proposed many implementations at present in this respect: 1) by a sector of extra increase directional antenna emission common information.This method needs extra high power transmission antenna, has increased the realization cost of system.2) adopt an extra array antenna to produce a fixing sector beam, corresponding contents can be with reference to United States Patent (USP): US06094165.This method need increase an extra array antenna and relevant device thereof.3) by adopt all fixedly narrow beam launch user's common information simultaneously, realize the function of sector beam whereby.But because existence overlapping to a certain degree between each wave beam, random phase can make overlapping region produce pernicious stack, so-called coverage hole occurs.At this problem, U.S. Pat 2002/0072393 has proposed a solution, this scheme need each fixedly narrow beam have different tranmitting frequencies, to alleviate the pernicious Overlay between the wave beam.Shortcoming is that different tranmitting frequencies has increased the complexity that algorithm is realized; If frequency shift (FS) is too small, also can cause the decline of demodulation performance.Equally at this problem, Chinese patent CN1261989A has proposed a solution, this scheme is at the approximately equalised signal of each beam port input range of Wave-packet shaping network, realize that by adjusting phase relation between each beam signal sector beam, sector beam manufacturing process make signal energy mainly concentrate on the port of antenna port and launch.Such sector beam advantage is to have wide its level and smooth main beam similar with single array-element antenna beam radiation figure.But the sector beam signal energy is only concentrated on one of them bay emission also can bring adverse influence.On the one hand, make the amplitude that transmits of this bay increase therefore and to some extent, this means to have more that the power amplifier of high-gain adapts with it, thereby increased the realization cost of system because energy only concentrates on the bay.On the other hand, too high signal energy is launched the useful life that will inevitably have influence on bay.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for addressing the above problem a kind of fixed beam building mortion and method thereof that is applied in the cdma system that propose, make the signal energy of sector beam have equal or approximately equalised characteristic, and under the situation that does not significantly increase system complexity, satisfy by the upgrading needs of non intelligent antenna to smart antenna at each bay end.
The invention provides a kind of fixed beam building mortion that is applied in the cdma system, form cluster fixedly narrow beam and a sector beam in base station side, comprising: a. is the narrow beam shaping network fixedly, in order to produce a plurality of different fixedly narrow beams that point to; B. phase adjusting apparatus, it adjusts this fixedly initial phase of each beam port of narrow beam shaping network, forms sector beam; Described phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted in the initial phase process, comprises selecting phase place to adjust numerical value, makes this array element port have equal composite signal amplitude; C. aerial array, it is made of a plurality of bays; D. feeder line phase correction unit is in order to compensate the random phase deviation in this base station feed line process of construction.Wherein, a side of described fixedly narrow beam shaping network is the beam signal input/output port, and a side is the bay port, by designing the phase delay between this beam port and this bay port, produces a plurality of different fixedly narrow beams that point to.
The described fixed beam building mortion that is applied in the cdma system also comprises radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit, in order to the transmitted in both directions of realization signal and the power amplification of downstream signal, comprises power amplifier, and emission receives commutation circuit and phase alignment circuit.
Described fixedly narrow beam shaping network is a fixedly narrow beam shaping network of radio frequency.
In the described fixedly narrow beam shaping network, the phase delay that the beam port signal forms between the bay port is
Wherein N is the number of beam port in the fixing narrow beam shaping network or bay port, and 1 is the beam port sequence number.
In the described fixedly narrow beam shaping network, the phase delay that the beam port signal forms between the bay port is
Wherein N is the number of beam port in the fixing narrow beam shaping network or bay port, and 1 is the beam port sequence number.
Described phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted this fixedly initial phase formation sector beam of each beam port of narrow beam shaping network, is to utilize the stack of a plurality of fixedly narrow beams to form a sector beam that covers full sector, sends this sector user's common information.
Described phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted in the initial phase process, also comprises selecting phase place to adjust numerical value, makes this array element port have equal composite signal amplitude.
The present invention and then a kind of fixed beam manufacturing process that is applied in the cdma system is provided, form cluster fixedly narrow beam and a sector beam in base station side, at first proofread and correct the phase place of this base station feed line, utilize fixedly fixedly narrow beam of narrow beam shaping network and aerial array formation cluster then, (wherein, phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted this fixedly initial phase of each beam port of narrow beam shaping network to utilize fixedly narrow beam shaping network, phase adjusting apparatus and this aerial array formation sector beam; Adjust in the initial phase process, select phase place to adjust numerical value, make this array element port have equal composite signal amplitude), by the transmitted in both directions of radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit realization signal.
Described fixedly narrow beam shaping network is a fixedly narrow beam shaping network of radio frequency.
In the described fixedly narrow beam shaping network, the phase delay that the beam port signal forms between the bay port is
Perhaps
Wherein N is the number of beam port in the fixing narrow beam shaping network or bay port, and 1 is the beam port sequence number.
In the described signals transmission, every fixedly the narrow beam feeder line receive the process of user profile, also comprise the signal strength signal intensity of comparison from each wave beam feeder line, fixed narrow wave beam received signal at first, the received signal intensity that compares received signal then, according to this comparative result, selective reception/launching beam receives/transmit again.
The invention provides a kind of fixed beam building mortion that is applied in the cdma system, form cluster fixedly narrow beam and a sector beam, comprising in base station side: a. in-phase signal generation device, in order to produce in-phase signal according to this sector beam signal; B. signal closes the road device, and it realizes this fixedly narrow beam signal and this sector beam signal synthetic in down link, realize that in up link received signal is to this fixedly harmless transmission of narrow beam feeder line; C. fixing narrow beam shaping network is in order to produce a plurality of different fixedly narrow beams that point to; D. phase adjusting apparatus, it adjusts this fixedly initial phase of each beam port of narrow beam shaping network, forms sector beam; Described phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted in the initial phase process, comprises selecting phase place to adjust numerical value, makes this array element port have equal composite signal amplitude; E. aerial array has a plurality of bays to constitute; One side of wherein said fixedly narrow beam shaping network is the beam signal input/output port, and opposite side is this bay port, by designing the phase delay between this beam port and this bay port, produces a plurality of different fixedly narrow beams that point to.
The described fixed beam building mortion that is applied in the cdma system also comprises a radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit, in order to the transmitted in both directions of realization signal and the power amplification of downstream signal, comprises power amplifier, and emission receives commutation circuit and phase alignment circuit.
In the described fixedly narrow beam shaping network, the phase delay that the beam port signal forms between the bay port is
Perhaps
Wherein N is the number of beam port in the fixing narrow beam shaping network or bay port, and 1 is the beam port sequence number.
Described phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted this fixedly initial phase formation sector beam of each beam port of narrow beam shaping network, is to utilize the stack of a plurality of fixedly narrow beams to form a sector beam that covers full sector, sends this sector user's common information.
Described fixedly narrow beam shaping network is a fixedly narrow beam shaping network of radio frequency.
The present invention and then a kind of fixed beam manufacturing process that is applied in the cdma system is provided, form cluster fixedly narrow beam and a sector beam in base station side, at first produce in-phase signal according to this sector beam signal, realize this fixedly narrow beam signal and this sector beam signal synthetic then, utilize fixedly fixedly narrow beam of narrow beam shaping network and aerial array formation cluster again, utilize fixedly narrow beam shaping network, phase adjusting apparatus and this aerial array form sector beam, and (wherein, phase adjusting apparatus is adjusted this fixedly initial phase of each beam port of narrow beam shaping network; Adjust in the initial phase process, select phase place to adjust numerical value, make this array element port have equal composite signal amplitude), at last by the aerial array transmitting and receiving signal.
According to fixed beam building mortion and the method thereof that is applied in the cdma system provided by the invention, adopt simulation fixed beam forming technique, utilize the fixedly a plurality of fixedly narrow beams of narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) realization, utilize phase adjusting apparatus that the control of Butler array beam end initial phase is formed a sector beam that covers full sector, the signal energy of sector beam has equal or approximately equalised characteristic at each bay end, therefore can make full use of the performance gain that aerial array brings, reduce the amplitude that transmits of individual antenna array element, reduced the realization cost of system thus.With respect to the adaptive beamforming technology, the present invention realizes simply, is easy to upgrade to the fan section intelligent antenna system by the non intelligent antenna system in original sector, has protected the returns of investment of original system to greatest extent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is that first embodiment adopts 4 * 4Butler battle array to constitute fixedly narrow beam building mortion figure of a sector beam and four;
Fig. 1 b is a coupler port organization schematic diagram;
Fig. 1 c is phase place, the amplitude relation table between the coupler port;
Fig. 2 a is that phase place is adjusted the phase delay relation table between preceding beam port and the array element port;
Fig. 2 b is the fixed beam pattern that first embodiment of the invention forms;
Fig. 3 is the sector beam figure that does not adopt Butler battle array 110 formation of phase adjusting apparatus 120;
Fig. 4 a is the relation of the phase delay between beam port and the array element port after the phase place adjustment;
Fig. 4 b is the sector beam figure that adopts phase adjusting apparatus 120 and Butler battle array 110 to form;
Fig. 5 a realizes that first embodiment of the invention adopts 4 * 4Butler battle array to constitute fixedly narrow beam building mortion figure of a sector beam and three;
Fig. 5 b is a signal combiner port schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 c is the signal input/output relation table of signal combiner;
Fig. 6 a is that phase place is adjusted the phase delay relation table between preceding beam port and the array element port;
Fig. 6 b is that first embodiment of the invention forms fixed beam pattern;
Fig. 7 is the sector beam figure that does not adopt Butler battle array 510 formation of phase adjusting apparatus 520;
Fig. 8 a is the phase delay relation table of beam port and array element port after the phase place adjustment;
Fig. 8 b is the sector beam figure that adopts phase adjusting apparatus 520 and Butler battle array 510 to form;
Fig. 9 is a first embodiment of the invention fan section intelligent antenna base station system block diagram;
Figure 10 be in the fan section intelligent antenna base station system fixedly narrow beam select flow chart;
Figure 11 a is the second embodiment sector beam and fixing narrow beam building mortion figure;
Figure 11 b is the port amplitude and the phase relation table of mixer;
Figure 12 is the second embodiment sector base stations system block diagram; And
Figure 13 is a fan section intelligent antenna cellular mobile system block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention utilizes same aerial array to produce cluster fixedly narrow beam and a sector beam, and is applied in the CDMA mobile communication system.To achieve these goals, the system of first embodiment of the invention: mainly comprise aerial array, fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) and phase adjusting apparatus.A fixing common sector beam and the fixing narrow beam building mortion formed of narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) and phase adjusting apparatus wherein.
According to method provided by the invention, at first utilize fixedly fixedly narrow beam of narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) and aerial array realization cluster.Beam shaping need be adjusted the weight coefficient of signal and carry out processing procedure such as phase shift, and processing procedure can be carried out in base band, also can carry out at radio-frequency head, and this paper mainly discusses at radio-frequency head and carries out beam shaping.The Butler battle array is the radio frequency fixed beam shaping network of a quasi-representative, and the one side is the beam signal input/output port, and a side is the bay port; By the phase delay between design beam port and the bay port, produce several different fixedly narrow beams that point to thus.The Butler battle array is a two-way Wave-packet shaping network, fixedly has relation one to one between the beam signal input/output port of narrow beam and Butler battle array.From the fixing implementation procedure of narrow beam of Butler battle array, fixedly narrow beam is determined by the relation of the phase delay between the array element port is unique, is not subjected to the influence of beam port initial phase, promptly is not subjected to the influence of front phase adjusting apparatus.It is simple that the Butler battle array has realization, the characteristics of wave beam quadrature, so practical application is extensive.The document that relevant Butler battle array produces fixed beam is numerous, is not described further at this.
Utilize fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array), phase adjusting apparatus and aerial array realization sector beam then.Utilize the stack of a plurality of fixedly narrow beams to form a sector beam that covers full sector, send this sector user's common information.
Being superimposed upon of a plurality of fixedly narrow beams shows as the wave beam input port that is input to the Butler battle array simultaneously with transmitting in the Butler battle array.In order to form sector beam effectively, this paper has proposed three basic design principle that sector beam is shaped:
Principle 1: form sector beam each fixedly in the narrow beam, require to exist between the adjacent fixed narrow beam overlapping to a certain degree.
Principle 2: require each fixedly narrow beam pernicious superposition phenomenon does not appear in additive process, coverage hole does not promptly appear.So-called pernicious stack is meant several signals owing to have different phase relations, and the result of stack makes the amplitude of composite signal reduce greatly, even zero falling into occur.
Principle 3: require each fixedly the narrow beam signal on each bay, form afterwards through fixing narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) and equate or equal as far as possible composite signal amplitude.
The forming process of this paper sector beam requires principle 1, principle 2 and principle 3 to satisfy simultaneously.
When utilizing the Butler battle array to realize sector beam, principle 1 by select that the Butler battle array can provide all fixedly narrow beam satisfied.Particularly, Butler battle array (N * N represents to have N beam port and N bay port) for N * N, if according to phase delay relation design Butler battle array between the array element shown in the formula (1), then sector beam produces by selecting the individual fixedly narrow beam stack of all N; If according to phase delay relation design Butler battle array between the array element shown in the formula (2), then sector beam by select wherein N-1 fixedly the narrow beam stack produce, the fixedly narrow beam of abandoning sequence number and be N/2 need not.
Phase delay is between the array element of formula (1) expression
Phase delay is between the array element of formula (2) expression
Phase delay is by fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) realization.Wherein, N represents the beam port or the bay port number of Butler battle array; R represents bay port sequence number; L represents the beam port sequence number, utilizes wave beam l emission or receive subscriber signal to mean that selection port l is as emission or reception subscriber signal port; g
R, lThe signal gain that phase delay between expression array element port r and the beam port l is brought; θ
lThe additive phase of expression wave beam l on the respective beam port, it comprises the additive phase that the Butler battle array itself is brought, the random phase deviation of wave beam input port etc.θ
lFixing narrow beam is shaped without any influence.But when realizing sector beam with a plurality of fixedly narrow beam stacks, θ
lTo play critical effect.
When utilizing the Butler battle array to realize sector beam, principle 2 and principle 3 are reasonably adjusted the initial phase of each wave beam input signal by phase adjusting apparatus, promptly by reasonably selecting θ
lBe met simultaneously.
Utilize the stack of a plurality of fixedly narrow beams to realize sector beam, in the Butler battle array, show as at all identical sector beam signals of wave beam input port input.Suppose S
l(t) signal form that will launch of expression beam port l, then 3 θ that select on principle
lShould make each beam signal S
l(t) the composite signal y through forming at each array element port after the Butler battle array
r(t) (1≤r≤N) has the composite signal amplitude that equates or equate as far as possible.Formula (3) and formula (4) have provided the composite signal expression-form under corresponding formula (1) and (2) two kinds of situations of formula respectively.
In formula (3), because S
l(t) at each beam port l (1≤l≤N) have identical signal form, so the composite signal y of array element port r
r(t) amplitude only with
Relevant.In polar plot,
Represent N vector g
R, l(the vector sum of 1≤l≤N).And for different array element port r
1, r
2,
Can pass through
With phase delay between the array element of formula (1) decision
Be rotated and obtain.So the process that satisfies principle 3 is actually and seeks the vector g that N amplitude equates in polar plot
R, l(l=1), make their vector sum and they are according to phase delay between the array element of formula (1) decision
The N that obtains after being rotated vector sum has equal or approximately equalised resultant vector amplitude.According to this principle, the vector g that in polar plot, can find N amplitude to equate at an easy rate
R, l, and then substitution formula (1) can obtain the initial phase adjustment numerical value θ of N wave beam input signal of Butler battle array
lAdopt in the same way, can obtain the phase place of Butler battle array under formula (2) and formula (4) situation and adjust numerical value θ
l
On principle 3 the design θ
lAnd the consequent bay y that transmits
r(t) (l≤r≤N) must satisfy principle 2 simultaneously.Promptly carry the y that transmits this moment
r(t) (aerial array of l≤r≤N) should form a wide sector beam in the space.This principle can be carried the y that transmits by observing
r(t) (the launching beam figure that the aerial array of l≤r≤N) forms in the space is verified.
Consider that aerial array has the performance gain of 10log (N) dB (N is an array element number), in order to obtain identical coverage distance, the signal energy of sector beam should be N a times of single fixedly narrow beam signal energy.Suppose that fixedly the signal amplitude of narrow beam is 1, then the amplitude of sector beam signal is
This moment by formula (1) and (2) as can be known fixedly narrow beam through the signal amplitude that the Butler battle array forms at the array element port afterwards be
If sector beam through after the Butler battle array with concentration of energy on a bay, then the sector beam signal amplitude on this array element port is
, be fixedly narrow beam signal amplitude N doubly; If sector beam through after the Butler battle array with the energy mean allocation to N array element port, then the sector beam signal amplitude on each array element port is 1, is fixing narrow beam signal amplitude
Doubly.Both compare, the scheme of sector beam energy mean allocation has been reduced the realization performance requirement (reducing 10log (N) dB) of power amplifier, can reduce the realization cost of whole system thus, and low transmitting power can prolong the useful life of array-element antenna.
Equipment such as additional then radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit and feeder line phase correction unit.As shown in Figure 9, at this moment, in cdma system, draw N bar feeder line (corresponding to the individual fixedly narrow beam of N) by the base station, pass through feeder line phase correction unit 940 successively, sector beam and fixedly narrow beam building mortion 950 (comprising phase adjusting apparatus and Butler battle array) and radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit 960 arrive aerial array 970 at last.Whole link is two-way.
Radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit comprises that mainly output power amplifier, emission receive equipment such as commutation circuit, phase alignment circuit.Power amplifier is the chief component of radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit at down link, and signal is launched by aerial array after amplifying through power amplifier.In up link, radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit is mainly finished the harmless transmission of aerial array received signal to the Butler battle array.Phase alignment circuit purpose is in order to calibrate the phase delay between Butler battle array and the aerial array, because the radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit relative fixed, can only carry out a phase delay calibration during actual engineering construction.
The forming process of sector beam requires the random phase of phase adjusting apparatus input is carried out strict control.The purpose that increases the feeder line phase correction unit is exactly in order to compensate the random phase deviation in the fixing narrow beam feeder line process of construction, to make in the sector beam forming process, has identical phase place at the signal of each input port of phase adjusting apparatus.Otherwise the random phase deviation can be destroyed the forming process of sector beam, causes abominable consequence.
Sector beam that the present invention proposes and fixing narrow beam implementation, all belong to the radio frequency beam forming technique, when a non intelligent antenna system in sector is upgraded to the fan section intelligent antenna system, with respect to the adaptive smart antenna system, base station equipment is revised less, not only upgrade easily, and can guarantee the returns of investment of existing equipment effectively.
The system of second embodiment of the invention mainly comprises aerial array and sector beam and fixing narrow beam building mortion.Wherein the beam shaping device comprises that mainly fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array), phase adjusting apparatus, signal close road device and in-phase signal generation device.
In the system of second embodiment, fixedly the processing method of narrow beam and sector beam is identical with step 1 and the step 2 of first embodiment.Promptly fixedly narrow beam is mainly by fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) realization, and sector beam is mainly by fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) and phase adjusting apparatus are realized.The formation method of sector beam is equally based on three basic design principle that propose among first embodiment.
Second embodiment has also increased a signal and has closed road device and an in-phase signal generation device.Together with fixedly narrow beam shaping network (Butler battle array) and phase adjusting apparatus, form a new sector beam and fixing narrow beam building mortion.The sector beam signal of launching is given the in-phase signal generation device by the sector beam feeder line and is produced N road in-phase signal, close the input signal of road device through signal, form effective sector beam by the particular phases delay relation that Butler battle array and phase adjusting apparatus are determined subsequently at the input formation N road of phase adjusting apparatus homophase.
Close road device and an in-phase signal generation device by increasing a signal, do not need that base station feed line is carried out phasing and just can form sector beam effectively, simplified the complexity of engineering construction.
Equipment such as additional radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit can be applied in above-mentioned implementation in the cdma system.The formation of radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit and function are with first embodiment.At this moment, in cdma system, the fixedly narrow beam signal of down link is drawn fixedly narrow beam feeder line of N bar by the base station, closes the road device through signal successively, phase adjusting apparatus, and Butler battle array and radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit arrive aerial array at last.The sector beam feeder line that the sector beam signal of down link is drawn by the base station passes through the in-phase signal generation device successively, and signal closes the road device, phase adjusting apparatus, and Butler battle array and radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit arrive aerial array at last.Up link is passed through radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit successively by the signal that aerial array receives, the Butler battle array, and phase adjusting apparatus, signal close road device and fixing narrow beam feeder line, arrive the base station at last.
Wherein, signal closes the road device and finishes fixing narrow beam signal and the merging transmission of the sector beam signal that produced by the in-phase signal generation device at down link, finishes received signal to the fixedly harmless transmission of narrow beam feeder line in up link.
Be example with 4 * 4Butler battle array below, illustrate utilize 4 fixedly narrow beam and 3 fixedly narrow beam produce the specific design situation of sector beam.
Fig. 1 a has provided a kind of 4 * 4Butler battle array of utilizing and has realized the fixedly example of narrow beam of a sector beam and four.Among the figure, 110 is the Butler battle array, and 120 is phase adjusting apparatus, and both constitute a sector beam and fixing narrow beam building mortion 100.Butler battle array 110 mainly is made up of three-dB coupler 130～133 and phase delay device 140～141; Phase adjusting apparatus 120 mainly is made up of phase delay device 142～145.Each port organization of three-dB coupler is shown in Fig. 1 b.Phase place between each port signal of three-dB coupler, amplitude relation are shown in Fig. 1 c.The concrete phase retardation of numeral in the phase delay device 140～145, unit is degree.f
1～f
4The wave beam input of expression Butler battle array 110, output port, L1～L4 represent to increase wave beam input, the output port behind the phase adjusting apparatus 120, and F1～F4 represents the bay port of Butler battle array, connects aerial array thereafter.Butler battle array 110 designs according to phase delay relation between the array element of formula (1) decision.Can realize 4 fixedly narrow beams 200～203 (shown in Fig. 2 b) by Butler battle array 110.In order to realize sector beam, need adjust by the initial phase of 120 pairs of Butler battle array 110 each beam ports of phase adjusting apparatus, according to three sector beam design principles that this paper proposes, phase adjusting apparatus 120 has provided one group and has utilized 4 fixedly actual phase adjusting numerical value of narrow beam stack realization sector beam.Sector beam of being made up of phase adjusting apparatus 120 and Butler battle array 110 and fixing narrow beam building mortion 100 can be realized sector beam 400 and fixed beam 200～203.
Fig. 2 a has provided beam port f
1～f
4And the relation of the phase delay between array element port F1～F4, wherein the phase delay between array element is determined by formula (1).Suppose that array-element antenna beam radiation figure has gain characteristics such as omnidirectional, form by Fig. 1 a Butler battle array 110 4 fixedly narrow beam be shown in 200～203, corresponding f respectively
1～f
4Four beam ports, corresponding wave beam greatest irradiation direction are respectively+48.7 degree ,+14.3 degree ,-14.3 degree and-48.7 degree, corresponding 3dB lobe width is respectively 46 degree, 27 degree, 27 degree and 46 degree.
Fig. 3 has provided the sector beam 300 that is formed by Butler battle array 110, and sector beam 300 is by four wave beam input f in Butler battle array 110 among the figure
1～f
4Input constant amplitude in-phase signal produces.There is tangible coverage hole in formed as seen from the figure sector beam, and promptly pernicious superposition phenomenon has not appearred in the fixedly narrow beam 200～203 of process phase place adjustment in additive process.Therefore must be to Butler battle array 110 wave beam input f
1～f
4Initial phase adjust and control, could form the good sector beam of coverage effect.
Fig. 4 b has provided through Fig. 1 a phase adjusting apparatus 120 and has adjusted the sector beam 400 that forms after the wave beam end phase place, and sector beam 400 produces by four the wave beam input L1～L4 input constant amplitude in-phase signal at phase adjusting apparatus 120.Sector beam three dB bandwidth after the stack is near 120 degree as seen from the figure.Therefore utilize the sector beam of Fig. 1 a and fixedly narrow beam building mortion 100 can constitute three fan section intelligent antenna base station systems, each sector has 4 fixedly narrow beam and 1 sector beam, covers the sector zone of 120 degree scopes.
Fig. 4 a has provided through the relation of the phase delay between beam port L1～L4 and the array element port F1～F4 after the phase place adjustment (unit is degree).According to this phase delay relation, not only can obtain well behaved sector beam 400, and the sector beam signal is through having formed the composite signal amplitude that equates at each bay end after the Butler battle array.Suppose to be input to phase place to adjust the signal amplitude of transposition 120 each wave beam inputs be 1 that then the sector beam signal amplitude that receives of bay 1 is | e
J (3r/8)+ e
J (3 π/8)+ e
J (3 π/8)+ e
J (5 π/8)|=2.0, be reflected in and be the pairing weight vectors sum of the row phase place of F1 port [67.5 ,-67.5,67.5,112.5] in Fig. 4 a form.The composite signal amplitude that in like manner can get F2, F3 and three array element ports of F4 is 2.0.Obviously sector beam has formed transmitting of same magnitude at each bay port, and this signal amplitude is for fixing narrow beam signal amplitude
Doubly.
In Fig. 4 a, the row phase place that " phase delay between array element " provides is the phase difference between the adjacent column phase place among F1, F2, F3 and the F4.In polar plot, to its adjacent array element port row phase place, show as corresponding weight vectors and be rotated according to the row phase place that " phase delay between array element " provides from one of them array element port row phase transition.Since sector beam is the weight vectors sum of the row phase place correspondence of corresponding port in the amplitude of transmitting that the bay port forms, therefore the processes of three design sector beams are actually and seek amplitude vectors such as 4 in polar plots on principle, when the row phase place that they are provided according to " phase delay between array element " is rotated, the summed result of amplitude such as have.Can carry out sector beam design fast according to this thinking.
Fig. 5 a has provided and has utilized 4 * 4Butler battle array to realize the fixedly example of narrow beam of a sector beam and three among a kind of first embodiment.Among the figure, 510 is the Butler battle array, and 520 is phase adjusting apparatus, and both constitute a sector beam and fixing narrow beam building mortion 500.Butler battle array 510 is mainly by three-dB coupler 530,540, and phase delay device 560～561 and signal combiner (splitter) 550～557 constitutes; Phase adjusting apparatus 520 mainly is made up of phase delay device 562～564.Fig. 5 b is a mixer port organization schematic diagram.The road of the intersection of three-dB coupler 530 has 90 degree phase delays; The road of the intersection of three-dB coupler 540 has 0 degree phase delay; The unit of phase delay device 560～564 is degree; The signal input/output relation of signal combiner (splitter) 550～557 is shown in Fig. 5 c.f
1～f
4Wave beam input, output port (the jettisoning f of expression Butler battle array 510
2Port need not), L1, L3, L4 represent to increase wave beam input, the output port behind the phase adjusting apparatus 520, F1～F4 represents the bay port of Butler battle array 510.Butler battle array 510 designs according to phase delay relation between the array element of formula (2) decision.Can realize 3 fixedly narrow beams 600～602 by Butler battle array 510.In order to realize sector beam, need adjust by the initial phase of 520 pairs of Butler battle array 510 each beam ports of phase adjusting apparatus, according to three sector beam design principles that this paper proposes, phase adjusting apparatus 520 has provided and has utilized 3 fixedly actual phase adjusting numerical value of narrow beam stack realization sector beam.Sector beam of being made up of phase adjusting apparatus 520 and Butler battle array 510 and fixing narrow beam building mortion 500 can be realized sector beam 800 and fixed beam 600～602.
Provided beam port f at Fig. 6 a
1, f
3, f
4And the relation of the phase delay between array element port F1～F4, wherein the phase delay between array element is determined by formula (2).See also Fig. 6 b, suppose that array-element antenna beam radiation figure has gain characteristics such as omnidirectional, form by Fig. 5 a Butler battle array 510 3 fixedly narrow beam be shown in 600～602, f wherein
1, f
3, f
4The corresponding wave beam 600,602 and 601 of difference, corresponding wave beam greatest irradiation direction are respectively-30 degree, 30 degree and 0 degree, and the 3dB lobe width of correspondence is respectively 30 degree, 30 degree and 26 degree.
Fig. 7 has provided the sector beam 700 that is formed by Butler battle array 510, and sector beam is by three wave beam input f in Butler battle array 510 among the figure
1, f
3, f
4Input constant amplitude in-phase signal produces.Do not adjust formed sector beam as seen from the figure and had good band-pass behavior through phase place.But can be got by the phase delay relation that Fig. 6 a provides, this moment, sector beam at the ratio of the signal amplitude of bay port F1～F4 formation was
The amplitude characteristic such as do not have.
Fig. 8 b has provided through Fig. 5 a phase adjusting apparatus 520 and has adjusted the sector beam 800 that forms after the wave beam end phase place, and sector beam produces by three wave beam input L1, L3, the L4 input constant amplitude in-phase signal at phase adjusting apparatus 520.Sector beam after though superposeed as can be seen by Fig. 8 b has certain fluctuation in passband, but still has good band-pass behavior, and its three dB bandwidth is near 120 degree.In Fig. 8 a, provided through the relation of the phase delay between beam port L1, L3, L4 and the array element port F1～F4 after the phase place adjustment (unit is degree).Phase relation is easily known thus, and the signal that sector beam forms at bay port F1～F4 such as has at the amplitude characteristic, thereby can reduce the transmitting power of individual antenna effectively, prolongs the useful life in antenna a period of time.
Fig. 9 has provided first embodiment and has utilized the sector beam and the fixing sector base stations system of narrow beam building mortion 100 or 500 frameworks.For convenience of description, Fig. 9 has only provided the sector base stations system by device 500 designs.Base station 900 comprises three Transceiver Module 910～912 among Fig. 9, and each module is drawn a feeder line, forms base station feed line 920, and through feeder line phase correction unit 940, beam shaping device 950 and radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit 960 arrive aerial array 970 at last.Wherein beam shaping device 950 is sector beam and fixing narrow beam building mortion 500.Whole link is two-way.Up, all fixed beams that base station 900 is passed through to be formed by beam shaping device 950 receive the information from each user, promptly by every fixedly the narrow beam feeder line receive user profile, for the signal quality of each user's comparison from each wave beam feeder line, the beam selection logic selective reception signal beam and the wave beam that transmits that designs in advance according to the base station then.A kind of very simple and effective beam selection logic can adopt the method for comparison received signal intensity to carry out.Descending, user's business information is by the fixedly narrow beam feeder line emission of preliminary election, and user's public information is launched by sector beam, promptly by selecting all fixedly narrow beam feeder line emissions.In order to produce the sector beam of emission common user information, must carry out phasing to base station feed line 920, to guarantee that the sector beam signal forms the in-phase signal input at the input of beam shaping device 950, this function is finished by feeder line phase correction unit 940, and the ERROR CONTROL of general phasing is within ± 10 degree.In the actual project implementing process, phasing has increased the complexity that system realizes greatly.960 of radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit are mainly finished the transmitted in both directions of signal and the power amplification of downstream signal.
Figure 10 has provided a kind of employing and has compared the operating process that the method for received signal intensity (RSSI-Received SignalStrength Indicator) is carried out beam selection.At first by narrow-band beam received signal (step 1010), compare the received signal intensity (step 1020) of received signal then, according to this comparative result, selective reception/launching beam (step 1030) receives then/transmits (step 1040).Wherein when selecting a plurality of beam transmission signal, should manage to avoid the pernicious superposition phenomenon between each wave beam.
Figure 11 a has provided the sector beam of the second embodiment correspondence and fixing narrow beam building mortion 1100.Device 1100 mainly closes road device 1150 by Butler battle array 1110, phase adjusting apparatus 1120, in-phase signal generation device 1160 and signal and constitutes among the figure.Fixedly narrow beam closes the link that road device 1150, phase adjusting apparatus 1120 and Butler battle array 1110 constitute by fixedly narrow beam feeder line 1172, signal and is achieved, the corresponding fixing narrow beam of each wave beam feeder line.Sector beam is achieved by the link that sector beam feeder line 1171, in-phase signal generation device 1160, signal close road device 1150, phase adjusting apparatus 1120 and Butler battle array 1110 formations.Butler battle array 1110 and phase adjusting apparatus 1120 mutual group apparatus for converting 1130 among the figure, its function is mainly finished fixedly narrow beam figuration and sector beam figuration with first embodiment.For convenience of description, suppose that device 1130 has 4 wave beam input port I1～I4 and 4 bay port F1～F4, the device 100 among similar first embodiment.In-phase signal generation device 1160 and signal close the input signal that road device 1150 guarantees to form at 4 the wave beam input port I1～I4 of phase adjusting apparatus 1120 from the sector beam signal of sector beam feeder line 1171 homophase.Have identical phase place between each road signal of in-phase signal generation device 1160 its outputs 1173 of expression, promptly with between the input 1171 have identical phase difference.A kind of typical way of realization of in-phase signal generation device 1160 is the Butler battle arrays 510 that adopt among Fig. 5 a, and input port 1171 this moment (L5) is the beam port f among Fig. 5 a
4Signal closes road device 1150 to be made up of identical mixer 1140～1143, and wherein the port amplitude of mixer, phase relation are shown in form among Figure 11 b.Signal closes road device 1150 and mainly finishes fixedly narrow beam signal and sector beam signal synthetic of down link, and the up link received signal is to the fixedly harmless transmission of narrow beam feeder line.
Different with the device 100,500 among first embodiment, device 1100 needs to increase a sector beam port L5, is different from other fixedly narrow beam port L1～L4.Fixedly narrow beam links to each other with the base station by fixing narrow beam feeder line 1172; Sector beam links to each other with the base station by sector beam feeder line 1171.
The great advantage that adopts second embodiment (sector beam and fixed beam building mortion 1100) be do not need to base station and sector beam and fixedly the base station feed line between the narrow beam building mortion 1100 carry out phase alignment and just can realize fixedly narrow beam and sector beam effectively.Therefore the complexity that can simplified system realizes realizes the upgrading of the non intelligent antenna system in sector to the fan section intelligent antenna system easily, especially under radio-frequency front-end and base station are separated by situation far away (as the iron tower base station).
Figure 12 has provided the sector base stations system that utilizes second embodiment (sector beam and fixedly narrow beam building mortion 1100) framework.Wherein beam shaping device 1250 is sector beam and fixed beam building mortion 1100.For convenience of description, suppose that device 1100 can form three fixedly narrow beam and sector beams.At this moment, base station 1200 comprises 4 transceiver 1210～1213 modules, each module is drawn a feeder line, form fixedly narrow beam feeder line 1220 and sector beam feeder line 1230, through sector beam and fixedly narrow beam building mortion 1250 and radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuit 1260, arrive aerial array 1270 at last.Its signal processing flow is with first embodiment, and the difference part is the physical link of sector beam signal process and the fixing physical link difference to some extent of narrow beam signal process.
Figure 13 has provided employing fan section intelligent antenna cell mobile communication systems of the present invention block diagram.With respect to the non intelligent antenna cell mobile communication systems in sector, this system can improve the capacity of system, reduces the number of base station.Among Figure 13,1300,1301 and 1302 is three sector base stations that adopt antenna system.Each base station section comprises a plurality of fixedly narrow beam and sector beams that generate in advance.1310 sectors with base station 1301 are example, and fixedly narrow beam is respectively 1320,1321 and 1322, and sector beam is 1340.In the actual system design, the fixed beam number that can each sector freely be set according to the size and the sector-size of traffic carrying capacity.User 1330 is in sector 1310 when mobile, the base station is by comparing the received signal from fixed beam 1320,1321 and 1322, perhaps select a best wave beam of signal quality wherein as received beam, perhaps select several better quality of signal wave beams as received beam, then the signal of each wave beam is merged.User's common information is as pilot frequency information, by sector beam 1340 emissions.Certainly sector beam 1340 is not limited to launch this type of information, also can transmitting business information and reception user profile.When the user moves to the border of sector 1310,1311 and 1312, the handoff functionality that base station 1301,1302 will be supported between the sector, the non intelligent antenna system in its operating principle and sector is similar.
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| EP1995821B1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2017-02-22 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Feed network device, antenna feeder subsystem, and base station system |
| CN101051860B (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-08-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | A feeder network device, antenna feeder subsystem and base station system |
| US8200286B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2012-06-12 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Base station and method for improving coverage in a wireless communication system using antenna beam-jitter and CQI correction |
| US9831548B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2017-11-28 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Dual-beam sector antenna and array |
| FR2942925A1 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-10 | Thomson Licensing | METHOD OF CALIBRATION OF MULTISECTORAL ANTENNA TERMINAL AND TERMINAL OF A MESH NETWORK |
| CN101599784B (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2013-03-27 | 上海交通大学 | Butler matrix beamforming device |
| CN101651982B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-11-16 | 重庆邮电大学 | Wave beam forming method based on New-Memetic algorithm |
| GB2493327B (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2018-06-06 | Skype | Processing audio signals |
| GB2495278A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | Skype | Processing received signals from a range of receiving angles to reduce interference |
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| GB2495131A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-03 | Skype | A mobile device includes a received-signal beamformer that adapts to motion of the mobile device |
| GB2495129B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2017-07-19 | Skype | Processing signals |
| GB2495472B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2019-07-03 | Skype | Processing audio signals |
| US20130089000A1 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-11 | Broadcom Corporation | Beamforming training within a wireless communication system utilizing a directional antenna |
| GB2496660B (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2014-06-04 | Skype | Processing audio signals |
| GB201120392D0 (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2012-01-11 | Skype Ltd | Processing signals |
| GB2497343B (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2014-11-26 | Skype | Processing audio signals |
| CN104469787B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-12-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method and device of signal covering |
| US9899747B2 (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2018-02-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Dual vertical beam cellular array |
| US9722326B2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-08-01 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Circular base station antenna array and method of reconfiguring a radiation pattern |
| CN104967625B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏鸿信系统集成有限公司 | The login method of mobile terminal administration |
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| CN111630793B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-08-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Device and method for correcting transmission channel deviation among multiple arrays |
| CN110324833B (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2021-06-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal processing method, device and system |
| EP3790111B1 (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2022-03-02 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for calibrating phased-array antenna, and related apparatus |
| CN113225111A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-08-06 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | Beam forming method and related equipment |
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