CN100485345C - Apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter - Google Patents
Apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter Download PDFInfo
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- CN100485345C CN100485345C CNB2006100125017A CN200610012501A CN100485345C CN 100485345 C CN100485345 C CN 100485345C CN B2006100125017 A CNB2006100125017 A CN B2006100125017A CN 200610012501 A CN200610012501 A CN 200610012501A CN 100485345 C CN100485345 C CN 100485345C
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种直升机旋翼轴向铰轴承疲劳试验机。其特征是：支承框架(1)上的轴承孔内安装直升机旋翼轴向铰轴承(9)，轴(8)安装在轴承(9)的内圈中，轴(8)的右端带轴肩，左端安装轴承(6)和两个圆螺母(5)，在轴承(6)的外侧有一个套筒(15)，轴向加载油缸(3)的活塞杆通过一个球铰与套筒(15)的左端部相连，轴向加载油缸(3)的缸体通过一个球铰与支承框架(1)相连，在套筒(15)的外侧固联着一个同心圆盘(7)，在同心圆盘(7)的左端面上分别通过球铰连接四个加载油缸(2，4，22，23)，这四个油缸又分别通过球铰与支承框架(1)相连，在同心圆盘(7)的外圆周面上通过两个球铰连接两个加载油缸(14，21)，加载液压缸(14，21)分别通过球铰与支承框架(1)相连。在疲劳实验中该机通过各种加载方式真实模拟旋翼轴向铰轴承的工作载荷和旋翼的真实角速度、角加速度等参数，从而代替疲劳试验中的直升机旋翼，本发明在保证旋翼轴向铰轴承疲劳试验真实、可靠的前提下，大大的减少旋翼轴向铰轴承疲劳试验的成本。
The invention relates to a helicopter rotor axial hinge bearing fatigue testing machine. It is characterized in that: the helicopter rotor axial hinge bearing (9) is installed in the bearing hole on the support frame (1), the shaft (8) is installed in the inner ring of the bearing (9), the right end of the shaft (8) has a shaft shoulder, Bearing (6) and two round nuts (5) are installed on the left end, and there is a sleeve (15) outside the bearing (6). The left end of the axial load cylinder (3) is connected to the support frame (1) through a spherical joint, and a concentric disc (7) is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve (15). The left end face of (7) is respectively connected with four loading oil cylinders (2, 4, 22, 23) through ball joints, and these four oil cylinders are respectively connected with support frame (1) through ball joints, and on the concentric disk (7) Two loading oil cylinders (14, 21) are connected on the outer peripheral surface of the body through two ball joints, and the loading hydraulic cylinders (14, 21) are respectively connected with the support frame (1) through ball joints. In the fatigue test, the machine simulates the parameters such as the working load of the rotor axial hinge bearing and the real angular velocity and angular acceleration of the rotor through various loading methods, thereby replacing the helicopter rotor in the fatigue test. Under the premise that the fatigue test is true and reliable, the cost of the fatigue test of the rotor axial hinge bearing is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter.
Background technology
Helicopter is a kind of of rotor craft, is with the vertical take off and landing aircraft of rotor as its main lift source.Rotation produces the required power of helicopter flight by rotor, and rotor shaft approaches vertical, produces pulling force upwards to overcome helicopter weight; Simultaneously, rotor can be handled by catanator again, produce forward, backward, left, horizontal component to the right, therefore, go straight up to function vertical take off and landing, hovering, left and right sides all directions flight forwards, backwards.
As seen rotor system is one of most important parts of helicopter, and the quality of rotor system performance all has decisive influence to flight safety, maneuverability, reliability and the length of military service phase of helicopter.The position of bearing maximum alterante stress on the rotor is the root of rotor, also is that stress is concentrated the most serious position herein.For the stress that reduces rotary-wing root section is concentrated, to improve the fatigue lifetime of rotor, general lifting airscrew root has all designed three hinges: promptly axially hinge, level are cut with scissors, are vertically cut with scissors, these three hinges of most helicopters all adopt rolling bearing, these bearings all bear very big alternate load, and each bearing is not complete cycle rotation, but makes high frequency low-angle reciprocally swinging, and it is stressed, operating mode, condition such as lubricated are very poor.Wherein strength of axial hinge bearing is one of topmost support accessory in the rotor system.So the science of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing fatigue lifetime is estimated design to lifting airscrew system and whole helicopter, use, maintenance etc. accurately material impact is arranged all, and the basis that the science of the fatigue lifetime of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing is accurately estimated is to carry out a large amount of torture tests.
Adopt of the fatigue experiment of past lifting airscrew strength of axial hinge bearing is directly installed on the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing in the rotor system more, and makes rotor system according near real helicopter flight process, does rotatablely moving under various angular velocity, the angular acceleration.In order accurately to estimate the fatigue lifetime of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing, it is enough big that the sampling sample of fatigue experiment is wanted, the group number that promptly carries out the strength of axial hinge bearing of torture test must be abundant, carries out the long-term work under the effect of alternate load of just having to of rotor that rotor strength of axial hinge bearing fatigue experiment uses; And the rotor that rotor strength of axial hinge bearing fatigue experiment uses must be the true rotor of helicopter, the experiment load that just can make the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing is near the real load in the course of work, and be certain the fatigue lifetime of lifting airscrew, so the phenomenon of the fatigure failure of rotor own often takes place in experimentation, must often change.Because the manufacturing cost of rotor is very high, it is too big that this just makes that the rotor testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing gets cost.Simultaneously since the diameter dimension of lifting airscrew generally all between 20 meters to 40 meters, so rotor shaft is very big to the required experiment place that takies of angle bearing torture test.Because the moment of inertia of lifting airscrew is very big,, must use heavy-duty motor to drive, so the energy consumption of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing fatigue experiment is also very big in addition so make its acceleration and deceleration rotation required starting and braking moment also very big.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter, this fatigue tester can be in rotor strength of axial hinge bearing fatigue experiment by parameters such as the true angular velocity of the operating load of various load mode real simulation rotor strength of axial hinge bearing and rotor, angular acceleration, thereby the lifting airscrew in the replacement torture test, this invention is guaranteeing that the rotor testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing is true, under the reliable premise, is reducing the cost of rotor testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing greatly.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the lifting airscrew strength of axial hinge bearing is installed in the dead eye of scaffold, axle is installed in the inner ring of bearing, the right-hand member tape spool shoulder of axle, left end is installed bearing and two round nuts, a sleeve is arranged in the outside of bearing, axially the piston rod of load cylinder links to each other with the left part of sleeve by a ball pivot, and axially the cylinder body of load cylinder links to each other with scaffold by a ball pivot.Connecting firmly a concentric discs in the outside of sleeve, on the left side of concentric discs, connect four load cylinders by ball pivot respectively, these four oil cylinders link to each other with scaffold by ball pivot respectively again, connect two load cylinders by two ball pivots on the outer circumference surface of concentric discs, loading hydraulic cylinder links to each other with scaffold by ball pivot respectively.Also connecting firmly a rocking bar on the axle, rocking bar links to each other with connecting rod by hinge, and connecting rod links to each other with crank by hinge, and the output shaft of crank and speed reduction unit connects firmly.Low order end at axle is installed a bearing, and a sleeve is installed in the outside of bearing, connects two load cylinders by ball pivot on sleeve, and oil cylinder links to each other with the fatigue tester scaffold by ball pivot respectively.Four load cylinders are uniform in the position in space, and promptly four ball pivots being connected with disk of four load cylinders are positioned on the same circumference on the disk left side, and 90 ° of spaces, four load cylinders the and axially axis of load cylinder is parallel to each other.Connect firmly a rocking bar on axle, rocking bar links to each other with connecting rod by hinge, and connecting rod links to each other with crank by hinge, and the output shaft of crank and speed reduction unit connects firmly, and input shaft of speed reducer is connected with the output shaft of servomotor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a lifting airscrew strength of axial hinge bearing special fatigue test machine synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a lifting airscrew strength of axial hinge bearing special fatigue test machine vertical view.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2,1. scaffold, 2. first load cylinder, 3. axially load cylinder, 4. second load cylinder, 5. round nut, 6. bearing, 7. concentric discs, 8. spool, 9. strength of axial hinge bearing, 10. bearing, 11. the 3rd load cylinders, 12. rocking bars, 13. connecting rod, 14. the 4th load cylinders, 15. first sleeves, 16. servomotors, 17. shaft coupling, 18. speed reduction units, 19. cranks, 20. slender acanthopanaxs are carried oil cylinder, 21. the 6th load cylinder, 22. the 7th load cylinders, 23. the 8th load cylinders, 24. second sleeves.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is an embodiment disclosed by the invention, lifting airscrew strength of axial hinge bearing 9 is installed in the bearing mounting hole on the scaffold 1 of fatigue tester, this bearing is generally installed 5 to 7 simultaneously on helicopter, therefore also correspondingly install 5 to 7 on this fatigue tester, axle 8 is installed in the endoporus of strength of axial hinge bearing 9, and all the true installation situation with helicopter is identical for the fiting property of the outer ring of the interior ring of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing 9 and spools 8 fiting property and rotor strength of axial hinge bearing 9 and the mounting hole of scaffold 1.The right-hand member tape spool shoulder of axle 8, left end is installed bearing 6 and two round nuts 5, one first sleeve 15 is installed in the outside at bearing 6, axially the piston rod of load cylinder 3 links to each other with the left part of first sleeve 15 by a ball pivot, axially the cylinder body of load cylinder 3 links to each other with scaffold 1 by a ball pivot, axially the dead in line of the axis of load cylinder 3 and axle 8.Connecting firmly a concentric discs 7 in the outside of first sleeve 15, connect the piston rod of first load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4, the 7th load cylinder 22, the 8th load cylinder 23 on the left side of disk 7 respectively by ball pivot, the cylinder body of first load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4, the 7th load cylinder 22, the 8th load cylinder 23 links to each other with fatigue tester scaffold 1 by ball pivot respectively again.First load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4, the 7th load cylinder 22, the 8th load cylinder 23 are uniform in the position in space, promptly four ball pivots being connected with disk 7 of first load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4, the 7th load cylinder 22, the 8th load cylinder 23 are positioned on the same circumference on disk 7 left sides, and 90 ° of spaces, wherein first load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4 are positioned at the vertical plane.The axis of first load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4, the 7th load cylinder 22, the 8th load cylinder 23 and axial load cylinder 3 is parallel to each other.On the outer circumference surface of disk 7, connect the 4th load cylinder 14, the 6th load cylinder 21 by two ball pivots, the 4th load cylinder 14, the 6th load cylinder 21 link to each other with scaffold 1 by ball pivot respectively, wherein the 4th load cylinder 14 and first load cylinder 2, second load cylinder 4 are in the same vertical guide, the 6th load cylinder 21 be in the perpendicular plane of the 4th load cylinder 14 in.On axle 8, also connecting firmly a rocking bar 12, rocking bar 12 links to each other with connecting rod 13 by hinge, connecting rod 13 links to each other with crank 19 by hinge, crank 19 connects firmly with the output shaft of speed reduction unit 18, servomotor 16 links to each other with the input shaft of speed reduction unit 18 by shaft coupling 17, and drive motor also can be used stepper motor and conventional DC or alternating current generator.Low order end at axle 8 is installed a bearing 10, one second sleeve 24 is installed in the outside of bearing 10, on second sleeve 24 by ball pivot connect the 3rd load cylinder 11, slender acanthopanax is carried oil cylinder 20, the 3rd load cylinder 11, slender acanthopanax are carried oil cylinder 20 and link to each other with fatigue tester scaffold 1 by ball pivot respectively, the 3rd load cylinder 11 and the 4th load cylinder 14 are in the same plane, and slender acanthopanax carries oil cylinder 20 and the 6th load cylinder 21 is in the same plane.
Science is estimated the fatigue lifetime of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing accurately, and the operating mode in the time of at first must guaranteeing to carry out the rotor testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing, motion, load, condition such as lubricated match with the truth of this bearing when working.In the helicopter flight process, the variation of its flying speed realizes by changing the rotor angle that facings the wind, the facing the wind change at angle of so-called rotor is exactly that rotor rotates an angle with respect to helicopter hub, angle of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing swing just, because the variation of helicopter flight speed is very frequent, pretends the low-angle reciprocally swinging that will make high frequency for the strength of axial hinge bearing of rotor.The stressing conditions of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing is in the helicopter flight process: 1, bear the centrifugal force that the rotor high speed rotating produces; 2, the radial force and the moment of flexure of the vibration generation of rotor in the surfaces of revolution (plane vertical) with the rotor driving shaft; 3, the radial force and the moment of flexure of the vibration generation of rotor in waving face (plane that rotor symmetrical center line and rotor driving shaft constitute); 4, the vertical bearing friction power of hinge and level hinge.In the present invention, servomotor 16 is realized the reciprocally swinging of rotor strength of axial hinge bearing by shaft coupling 17, speed reduction unit 18, crank 19, connecting rod 13, rocking bar 12 and axle 8.Because the velocity of rotation of servomotor 16 can be set arbitrarily, so can the motion of real simulation rotor strength of axial hinge bearing in the helicopter flight process.Axially load cylinder 3 applies axial tension for the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing, can make the centrifugal tension of this power real simulation rotor by the control of hydraulic system; Pushing away or drawing and the drawing or push away and apply moment of flexure in the face of waving can for the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing of second load cylinder 4 by first load cylinder 2; Pushing away or drawing and the drawing or push away and apply moment of flexure in the surfaces of revolution can for the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing of the 7th load cylinder 22 by the 8th load cylinder 23; By the 4th load cylinder 14 and the 6th load cylinder 21 apply in the face of waving can for the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing and the surfaces of revolution in radial load; Carrying oil cylinder 20 by the 3rd load cylinder 11 and slender acanthopanax applies the bearing friction power of vertical hinge and level hinge can for the rotor strength of axial hinge bearing.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100125017A CN100485345C (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | Apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100125017A CN100485345C (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | Apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter |
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| CN1818599A CN1818599A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| CN100485345C true CN100485345C (en) | 2009-05-06 |
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| CNB2006100125017A Expired - Fee Related CN100485345C (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | Apparatus for testing fatigue strength of axial hinge bearing of helicopter |
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| CN101441154B (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-05-25 | 华东理工大学 | A high-precision micro-fatigue testing machine |
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| CN114324029B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2024-08-09 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Fatigue test device and method for helicopter main rotor shaft hub connecting bolt |
| CN114166490B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-23 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Centrifugal force separation type loading test device for main rotor center piece of rigid rotor |
| CN114964775B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-30 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Fatigue test device for pivot bearing of aero-engine case |
| CN116906403B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-10-15 | 洛阳轴承研究所有限公司 | Bidirectional loading device and bidirectional loading device for bearing |
| CN116481809B (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-19 | 中机试验装备股份有限公司 | Supporting bearing test system of helicopter rotor system |
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