CN100477639C - A wireless network node buffer data packet processing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法,包括:1)对输入包按照数据长度作降序排列,并初始化水位线t的值;2)判断输入包集合是否为空,若为空则结束操作,否则执行下一步;3)判断当前的输入包集合中是否有输入包,使得输入包的数据长度之和恰好等于水位线t的值;若存在,则执行步骤4),否则执行步骤5);4)将输入包拼接成一个长度为L的输出数据包,拼接成功后,存储拼接得到的输出包,并将已拼接的输入数据包删除,并重新执行步骤2);5)将水位线t的值下降一个单位,然后转到步骤2)重新执行。本发明方法代码空间小,求解速度快,拼接效率高,非常适合在无线网络节点实施。
The invention discloses a wireless network node buffer data packet processing method, comprising: 1) sorting the input packets in descending order according to the data length, and initializing the value of the water level line t; 2) judging whether the input packet set is empty, if it is empty Then end the operation, otherwise execute the next step; 3) judge whether there is an input packet in the current input packet set, so that the sum of the data lengths of the input packet is just equal to the value of the water level t; if it exists, then execute step 4), otherwise execute Step 5); 4) Splicing the input packet into an output packet with a length of L, after the splicing is successful, storing the spliced output packet, deleting the spliced input packet, and re-executing step 2); 5) Decrease the value of the water level t by one unit, then go to step 2) and execute again. The method of the invention has small code space, fast solution speed and high splicing efficiency, and is very suitable for implementation in wireless network nodes.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及无线网络,特别涉及无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法。The invention relates to a wireless network, in particular to a wireless network node buffer data packet processing method.
背景技术 Background technique
有效使用能源,提高传输性能是无线网络面临的重要问题。而数据包是网络的基本操作对象,数据包的数据量、长度、数量等都直接影响传输的功耗。通过对数据包进行处理,优化传输性能,可以显著减少能量消耗。在通常的数据包分发和处理研究中,所针对的研究对象是完全连接的网络拓扑,都假设至少存在一条从源到目的节点的完整路径。如图1所示,在分簇的无线网络中,每个簇具有一个簇首领,簇内的节点将产生的数据发送给簇首领。簇首领通常不会立刻转发,而是将数据包放入缓冲区。缓冲区汇集不同长度数据包,当数据积累到一定程度,再由簇首领转发出去。而在实际使用中,无线网络通常是具有间歇连接特性的网络。所谓间歇连接的网络是指网络中,节点由于节能、故障、干扰等因素,不能一直在线,而是以间歇的方式工作,因此源和目的节点之间的完整路径可能不存在。如图2所示,对于间歇连接的网络,由于网络中源和目的节点之间必然存在一条完整的路径这一前提被打破,网络存在若干暂时非连通的分簇,传输路径随时可能断开。因此对于能够适用于间歇连接的网络路由来讲,必须能够缓存数据,容忍数据包在源节点或者中间节点逗留。Efficient use of energy and improvement of transmission performance are important issues facing wireless networks. The data packet is the basic operation object of the network, and the data volume, length, and quantity of the data packet directly affect the power consumption of the transmission. By processing data packets and optimizing transmission performance, energy consumption can be significantly reduced. In the usual research on data packet distribution and processing, the research object is a fully connected network topology, and it is assumed that there is at least one complete path from the source to the destination node. As shown in Figure 1, in a clustered wireless network, each cluster has a cluster leader, and the nodes in the cluster send the generated data to the cluster leader. The cluster leader usually does not forward the packet immediately, but puts the packet into the buffer. The buffer collects data packets of different lengths, and when the data accumulates to a certain extent, it is forwarded by the cluster leader. However, in actual use, a wireless network is usually a network with intermittent connection characteristics. The so-called intermittently connected network refers to a network in which nodes cannot always be online due to factors such as energy saving, failure, and interference, but work in an intermittent manner, so the complete path between the source and destination nodes may not exist. As shown in Figure 2, for a network with intermittent connections, since the premise that there must be a complete path between the source and destination nodes in the network is broken, there are several temporarily disconnected clusters in the network, and the transmission path may be disconnected at any time. Therefore, for network routing that can be applied to intermittent connections, it must be able to cache data and tolerate data packets staying at the source node or intermediate node.
在间歇连接的网络中,当数据要发送时,网络正好处于被隔离成几个部分的状态,节点间的端到端的应用就被破坏,只能采用异步的方式传递数据,允许更大的缓冲时间和包的端延迟。因此,间歇连接的网络中,节点经常会缓冲大量数据包。研究证明,如果在发送前对数据包进行处理,能够有效的降低传输开销。In an intermittently connected network, when data is to be sent, the network is just in a state of being isolated into several parts, and the end-to-end application between nodes is destroyed, and data can only be transmitted in an asynchronous manner, allowing greater buffering time and end-of-packet delay. As a result, nodes in intermittently connected networks often buffer a large number of packets. Research has proved that if the data packets are processed before sending, the transmission overhead can be effectively reduced.
关于数据包的处理方法有很多种,在数据量方面,参考文献1Shu Lei,S.Y.Lee,Yang Jie“ETRI:A Dynamic Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless SensorNetworks”提出了两层缓冲区模型按照数据的价值和重要性对数据包进行区分和过滤,优化传输效率;参考文献2“Bhaskar Krishnamachari,Deborah Estrin,StephenWicker,“Modeling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”,proceedings of6th international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobilesystems,2003”以及参考文献3“Huseyin Ozgur Tan and Ibrahim Korpeoglu,“PowerEfficient Data Gathering and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks”,SIGMOD/PODS volume 32,number 4,December 2003”提出了以数据为中心的数据融合方法,减少数据内容的冗余,显著降低了传输量。There are many ways to process data packets. In terms of data volume, reference 1Shu Lei, S.Y.Lee, Yang Jie "ETRI: A Dynamic Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless SensorNetworks" proposed a two-layer buffer model according to the value and importance of data Differentiate and filter data packets to optimize transmission efficiency; reference 2 "Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Deborah Estrin, Stephen Wicker, "Modeling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks", proceedings of 6th international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems , 2003" and reference 3 "Huseyin Ozgur Tan and Ibrahim Korpeoglu, "PowerEfficient Data Gathering and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks", SIGMOD/PODS volume 32, number 4, December 2003" proposed a data-centric data fusion method, The redundancy of data content is reduced, which significantly reduces the transmission volume.
在数据量一定的情况下,数据包长度的选择会影响网络性能和功耗。较长的数据包会产生较大的丢包率,而小数据包包头开销大,需要做出折衷选择。在参考文献4“Y.Sankarasubramaniam,I.F.Akyildiz and S.W.McLaughlin,″Energy Efficiencybased Packet Size Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks″in Proc.of the First IEEEInternational Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications,Anchorage,Alaska,2003”以及参考文献5“Eytan Modiano,“An adaptive algorithm for optimizingthe packet size used in wireless ARQ protocols”ACM-Baltzer Journal of WirelessNetworks 5,pp279-286,1999”给出了最优化包长度的计算方法,提出不同的情况下存在能量效率最高的数据包长度。In the case of a certain amount of data, the choice of data packet length will affect network performance and power consumption. Longer data packets will result in a higher packet loss rate, while small data packets have higher header overhead, so a compromise must be made. In reference 4 "Y.Sankarasubramaniam, I.F.Akyildiz and S.W.McLaughlin, "Energy Efficiency based Packet Size Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks" in Proc. of the First IEEEInternational Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications3" and references, 20, Anchorage, A 5 "Eytan Modiano, "An adaptive algorithm for optimizing the packet size used in wireless ARQ protocols" ACM-Baltzer Journal of WirelessNetworks 5, pp279-286, 1999" gives a calculation method for optimizing the packet size, and proposes that there are The most energy efficient packet length.
通过数据融合、调度处理,数据量得到有效的控制,在此基础上,包长度的选择成为重要问题,同时它也决定了网络上数据包的数量。在实际的网络中,往往存在大量小于优化长度的碎片数据包,影响了传输的效率。这些碎片数据包在每一跳都要付出路由开销,转发时发送电路的启动瞬变电流也会带来额外功耗,因此,降低碎片数据包的数量是有效的节能途径。Through data fusion and scheduling processing, the amount of data is effectively controlled. On this basis, the choice of packet length becomes an important issue, and it also determines the number of data packets on the network. In the actual network, there are often a large number of fragmented data packets smaller than the optimal length, which affects the efficiency of transmission. These fragmented data packets have to pay routing overhead at each hop, and the startup transient current of the sending circuit during forwarding will also cause additional power consumption. Therefore, reducing the number of fragmented data packets is an effective way to save energy.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了降低碎片数据包对网络传输效率的影响,提供一种将碎片数据包拼接成指定长度数据包的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for splicing fragmented data packets into a data packet of a specified length in order to reduce the impact of fragmented data packets on network transmission efficiency.
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法,用于将不同长度的输入数据包拼接成唯一长度的输出数据包,包括:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wireless network node buffer data packet processing method for splicing input data packets of different lengths into an output data packet of a unique length, including:
1)、对输入包集合中的各个输入包按照数据长度作降序排列,并初始化水位线t的值,将水位线的值定为输出包的长度值L;1), each input packet in the input packet set is arranged in descending order according to the data length, and the value of the water level t is initialized, and the value of the water level is determined as the length value L of the output packet;
2)、判断输入包集合是否为空,若为空则结束操作,否则执行下一步;2), judge whether the input packet set is empty, if it is empty, end the operation, otherwise execute the next step;
3)、判断当前的输入包集合中是否有一个或一个以上的输入包,使得这些输入包的数据长度之和等于水位线t的值;若存在这样的输入包,则执行步骤4),否则执行步骤5);3), judge whether there is one or more input packets in the current input packet set, so that the sum of the data lengths of these input packets is equal to the value of the water level line t; if there is such an input packet, then perform step 4), otherwise Execute step 5);
4)、将输入包拼接成一个长度为L的输出数据包,若t的值小于L,则将输出数据包中的不足部分填充0,拼接成功后,存储拼接得到的输出包,并将已拼接的输入数据包从输入数据包集合中删除,并重新执行步骤2);4), the input packet is spliced into an output packet with a length of L, if the value of t is less than L, then the insufficient part in the output packet is filled with 0, after the splicing is successful, the output packet obtained by storing the splicing is stored, and the already The spliced input data packet is deleted from the input data packet collection, and step 2 is re-executed);
5)、将水位线t的值下降一个单位,然后转到步骤2)重新执行。5) Decrease the value of the water level line t by one unit, then turn to step 2) and execute again.
本发明还提供了一种无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法,用于将不同长度的输入数据包拼接成多种不同长度的输出数据包,包括:The present invention also provides a wireless network node buffer data packet processing method for splicing input data packets of different lengths into multiple output data packets of different lengths, including:
a)、对输入包集合中的各个输入包按长度做降序排列;a), arrange each input packet in the input packet set in descending order according to length;
b)、根据输出包集合中不同长度输出包的种类数,设定水位线的数目,一条水位线对应一种长度的输出包,然后初始化各条水位线的值和全局下限的值,在初始化时,水位线的值与其对应的输出包的长度相同,全局下限的值为100%;最后选取一条水位线及其对应的输出包;b) According to the number of types of output packets with different lengths in the output packet set, set the number of water levels, one water level corresponds to an output packet of one length, and then initialize the value of each water level and the value of the global lower limit. When , the value of the water level is the same as the length of the corresponding output package, and the value of the global lower limit is 100%; finally select a water level and its corresponding output package;
c)、判断输入包集合是否为空,若为空,结束操作,否则,执行下一步;c), judge whether the input package set is empty, if empty, end the operation, otherwise, execute the next step;
d)、判断当前的输入包集合中是否有一个或一个以上的输入包,使得这些输入包的数据长度之和等于当前水位线的值;若存在这样的输入包,则执行步骤e),否则执行步骤f);d), judging whether there are one or more input packets in the current input packet collection, so that the sum of the data lengths of these input packets is equal to the value of the current water level; if there is such an input packet, then perform step e), otherwise Execute step f);
e)、将输入数据包拼接成一个与当前水位线对应的输出包,若水位线的值小于输出包的长度,则将输出包中的不足部分填充0,拼接成功后,存储拼接得到的输出包,并将已拼接的输入数据包从输入数据包集合中删除,然后重新执行步骤c);e) Splice the input data packet into an output packet corresponding to the current water level. If the value of the water level is less than the length of the output packet, fill the insufficient part of the output packet with 0. After the splicing is successful, store the spliced output package, and delete the spliced input data packet from the input data packet collection, and then re-execute step c);
f)、判断输出包集合中是否存在其他长度的输出包,使得该输出包所对应的水位线的值与该输出包长度的比值高于全局下限的值,若存在,则用该输出包对应的水位线代替当前水位线,并转到步骤c),若不存在,执行步骤g);f), judging whether there are output packets of other lengths in the output packet set, so that the ratio of the value of the water level corresponding to the output packet to the length of the output packet is higher than the value of the global lower limit, and if it exists, use the corresponding output packet The water level line replaces the current water level line, and go to step c), if it does not exist, perform step g);
g)、降低当前水位线的值,并将降低后的水位线的值与该水位线对应的输出包长度作比较,若它们的比值高于或等于全局下限的值,则跳转到步骤c),否则,将全局下限更新为该比值,然后跳转到步骤c)中继续执行。g), reduce the value of the current water level, and compare the value of the lowered water level with the output packet length corresponding to the water level, if their ratio is higher than or equal to the value of the global lower limit, then jump to step c ), otherwise, update the global lower limit to the ratio, and then jump to step c) to continue execution.
在所述的输入饱和输出包都增加一个额外包接头的情况下,所述的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法适用于输出包和输入包具有额外包头的情况。In the case that an extra packet header is added to both the input saturation and output packets, the wireless network node buffering data packet processing method is applicable to the case that the output packet and the input packet have an extra packet header.
本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:
1、本发明的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法的代码空间小,求解速度快,非常适合在无线网络节点实施。1. The wireless network node buffer data packet processing method of the present invention has small code space and fast solution speed, and is very suitable for implementation in wireless network nodes.
2、本发明的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法采用的多水位线启发搜索方法,对传输过程做了全局优化,拼接的利用率较高。2. The multi-watermark heuristic search method adopted in the wireless network node buffer data packet processing method of the present invention has made global optimization on the transmission process, and the splicing utilization rate is relatively high.
3、本发明的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法对数据包进行拼接处理,会牺牲计算资源、响应时间等,但是换取了传输开销和路由开销的降低,较为适用于某些强调网络节省传输功耗而对实时性要求比较低的环境。3. The wireless network node buffering data packet processing method of the present invention performs splicing processing on data packets, which will sacrifice computing resources, response time, etc., but in exchange for the reduction of transmission overhead and routing overhead, it is more suitable for some networks that emphasize saving transmission power. An environment that consumes less energy and has lower real-time requirements.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为完全连接的无线网络的拓扑结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the topology of a fully connected wireless network;
图2为间歇连接的无线网络的拓扑结构示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a wireless network with intermittent connections;
图3为多水位线控制拼接示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of multi-water line control splicing;
图4为本发明的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法将不同长度的输入数据包拼接成唯一长度的输出数据包时的流程图;Fig. 4 is the flow chart when the wireless network node buffering data packet processing method of the present invention splices input data packets of different lengths into an output data packet of a unique length;
图5为本发明的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法将不同长度的输入数据包拼接成不同长度的输出数据包时的流程图。FIG. 5 is a flow chart of splicing input data packets of different lengths into output data packets of different lengths by the wireless network node buffer data packet processing method of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明的方法作进一步的描述。The method of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明的无线网络节点缓冲数据包处理方法是要将大量具有不同长度的数据包拼接成优化目标长度的数据包。在做数据包的拼接时,把某个节点汇集的若干数据包,称为输入包,把拼接后产生的包,称为输出包。其中,输入包的长度取决于节点的采集数据长度,每种长度的包数量不限,输出包的长度在有限几个固定长度中取值,每种长度的包数量不限。如果输入包拼接后小于输出包长度,则需要添加0,以简化发送接收过程。输入包拼接成输出包会有额外包头开销,用于到达目的节点后的包解封装。The wireless network node buffer data packet processing method of the present invention is to splice a large number of data packets with different lengths into a data packet with an optimized target length. When splicing data packets, several data packets collected by a certain node are called input packets, and the packets generated after splicing are called output packets. Among them, the length of the input packet depends on the length of the collected data of the node, the number of packets of each length is not limited, the length of the output packet can be selected from a limited number of fixed lengths, and the number of packets of each length is not limited. If the spliced input packet is smaller than the output packet length, you need to add 0 to simplify the sending and receiving process. The splicing of input packets into output packets will have additional packet header overhead, which is used for packet decapsulation after reaching the destination node.
下面结合实施例,对本发明的方法作详细说明。Below in conjunction with embodiment, the method of the present invention is described in detail.
实施例1:输出包长度固定的拼接方法。Embodiment 1: A splicing method with a fixed output packet length.
当输出包长度固定时,要实现数据包的拼接就是要求解将n个输入包,全部拼接成长度为L的输出包的最优拼接方案。在本发明的方法中,采用利用率作为数据拼接效果的评判标准。所述的利用率是输入包数据的总长度与输出包数据的总长度之间的比值,利用率越高,显然拼接方案的效果越佳。When the length of the output packet is fixed, to realize the splicing of data packets is to solve the optimal splicing scheme of splicing all n input packets into an output packet of length L. In the method of the present invention, the utilization rate is used as the criterion for judging the effect of data splicing. The utilization rate is the ratio between the total length of the input packet data and the total length of the output packet data, and the higher the utilization rate, the better the effect of the splicing scheme is obviously.
对于这种数据包的拼接问题,可以采用一般的贪婪算法求解,即每次将当前最大的输入包拼接入输出包,当该输出包不能再容纳,则拼接入另外一个新的输出包,直到所有输入包处理完毕。这种方法虽然简单,但可能会由于选择了局部最优,而错过最优解,数据总长度增加过多,造成带宽浪费。For this kind of data packet splicing problem, a general greedy algorithm can be used to solve it, that is, each time the current largest input packet is spliced into the output packet, and when the output packet can no longer be accommodated, another new output packet is spliced into it until All input packets are processed. Although this method is simple, it may miss the optimal solution due to the selection of a local optimum, and the total length of the data will increase too much, resulting in a waste of bandwidth.
为了提高拼接效率,本实施例中,可采用单水位线方法。所述的水位线表示在进行拼接尝试时的扫描位置。用t表示水位线,定义水位线为从输出包长度L到0的整数,水位线t从L开始递减进行扫描。具体实施步骤如下:In order to improve splicing efficiency, in this embodiment, a single water level method may be used. The waterlines indicated represent the scan positions when a stitching attempt is made. Use t to represent the water level line, define the water level line as an integer from the output packet length L to 0, and the water level line t starts to scan in descending order from L. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
步骤11、对输入包集合中的各个输入包按照数据长度作降序排列,并初始化水位线t的值,将水位线的值定为输出包的长度值L;
步骤12、判断输入包集合是否为空,若为空则结束操作,否则执行下一步;
步骤13、判断当前的输入包集合中是否有一个或一个以上的输入包,使得这些输入包的数据长度之和恰好等于水位线t的值;若存在这样的输入包,则执行步骤14,否则执行步骤15;
步骤14、将这些输入数据包拼接成一个长度为L的输出数据包,若t的值小于L,则将输出数据包中的不足部分填充0,拼接成功后,存储拼接得到的输出包,并将已拼接的输入数据包从输入数据包集合中删除,并重新执行步骤12;
步骤15、将水位线t得值下降一个单位,然后转到步骤12重新执行。
上述方法的算法实现如下:The algorithm of the above method is implemented as follows:
用PDisc表示输入包,包的结构如下:Use PDisc to represent the input package, the structure of the package is as follows:
struct PDisc{struct PDisc{
int len :包的长度int len : the length of the packet
int count:该长度的包数量int count: the number of packets of this length
PDisc*next:下一种包描述PDisc*next: Next package description
}}
设P为以PDisc为元素的链表,表示各类长度的输入包,对包做降序排列。R为PDisc为元素的链表,表示一个拼接方案。从P列表的第一个元素p开始求解。t为水位线,cn为当前尝试的输入包使用的次数,初始为0。求解一个完美拼接方案的函数为Perfect(p,t),方法如下:Let P be a linked list with PDisc as an element, representing input packets of various lengths, and arrange the packets in descending order. R is a linked list with PDisc as an element, representing a splicing scheme. Start solving from the first element p of the P list. t is the water level, cn is the number of times the currently attempted input packet is used, and the initial value is 0. The function to solve a perfect splicing scheme is Perfect(p, t), and the method is as follows:
1、先尝试将一个p类包拼接入t;1. First try to splicing a p-type package into t;
2、如果p->len恰等于t,则找到一个完美拼接,生成一个R列表元素,r->len=t,r->count=1,返回;2. If p->len is exactly equal to t, find a perfect splicing, generate an R list element, r->len=t, r->count=1, return;
3、如果t小于p->len,p包不可能拼接成t,则求解Perfect(p->next,t),返回;3. If t is less than p->len, p packets cannot be spliced into t, then solve Perfect(p->next, t) and return;
4、如果p->c-cn=1,p类包恰好用完,则cn置0,将一个p类包拼接入t,求解Perfect(p->next,L-t);4. If p->c-cn=1, the p-type package is just used up, then cn is set to 0, a p-type package is spliced into t, and Perfect(p->next, L-t) is solved;
5、如果p->count-cn>1,则cn加1,求解Perfect(p,L-t);5. If p->count-cn>1, add 1 to cn to solve Perfect(p, L-t);
6、如果5中的方案包含p类包,则判断其使用的次是否超出可用数量,如超出,则将方案中p类包的使用次数加1,返回;如果超过,则丢弃这个方案,返回;6. If the plan in 5 contains p-type packages, judge whether the number of times it uses exceeds the available number. If it exceeds, add 1 to the use times of p-type packages in the plan and return; if it exceeds, discard this plan and return ;
7、如果P列表非空或者未找到方案R,p=p->next,转到1;7. If the P list is not empty or the scheme R is not found, p=p->next, go to 1;
8、如果找到一个方案,则说明一个p类包,以及t-p->len长度的包拼接方案中的包恰好可以拼接成t,将p类包添加到方案列表R头部。8. If a plan is found, it means that a p-type packet and the packets in the packet splicing scheme with a length of t-p->len can just be spliced into t, and the p-type packet is added to the head of the scheme list R.
下面结合实例对上述方法进行说明。The above method will be described below in conjunction with examples.
假设有一个按降序排列的输入包集合{8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,1},在该集合中的数字表示各个输入包的数据长度,而输出包的固定长度为10。利用单水位线方法对数据包做处理时,根据步骤10,首先将水位线的长度定为10,然后检查输入包集合中是否有一个或一个以上数据包的长度等于10,显然的,输入包长度为3和7的两个包相加后为10,将这两个输入包拼接得到新的输出包,可计为a,然后将这两个输入包从集合中删除,得到的输入包集合为{1,1,5,6,8,4,2}。然后对输入包集合中的剩余输入包作检查,看是否还有输入包的长度为10。同样的,可以得到长度为8和2的两个输入包,以及长度为6和4的两个输入包。将这些数据包分别拼接后得到的两个输出包分别记为b和c,最后剩余的输入包集合为{1,1,5}。利用长度为10的水位线已经不能对剩余的输入包作拼接,需要对水位线的长度作递减。将水位线的长度减少一个单位,变为9,依然不能对剩余输入包作拼接,因此,继续递减,直到水位线的长度变为7,此时,可将输入包集合中长度为1、1和5的三个输入包作拼接得到输出包的d,在该输出包中,不足部分添加0。最后,输入包集合{1,1,3,5,6,8,4,7,2}中的9个输入包得到4个输出包,它的总利用率为92.5%。Suppose there is a set of input packets arranged in descending order {8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1}, the numbers in this set represent the data length of each input packet, and the fixed length of the output packet for 10. When using the single waterline method to process data packets, according to step 10, first set the length of the waterline to 10, and then check whether there is one or more data packets whose length is equal to 10 in the input packet collection. Obviously, the input packet The sum of two packets with lengths 3 and 7 is 10, and the two input packets are concatenated to obtain a new output packet, which can be counted as a, and then these two input packets are deleted from the set to obtain the input packet set is {1, 1, 5, 6, 8, 4, 2}. Then check the remaining input packets in the input packet set to see if there are any input packets with a length of 10. Similarly, two input packets of length 8 and 2, and two input packets of length 6 and 4 can be obtained. The two output packets obtained by splicing these data packets are recorded as b and c respectively, and the final remaining input packet set is {1, 1, 5}. The remaining input packets cannot be spliced using the water level line with a length of 10, and the length of the water level line needs to be decreased. Decrease the length of the water level by one unit to 9, and the remaining input packets cannot be spliced. Therefore, continue to decrease until the length of the water level becomes 7. At this time, the length of the input packet set can be 1, 1 The three input packets of 5 and 5 are spliced to obtain d of the output packet, and in the output packet, 0 is added to the insufficient part. Finally, 9 input packets in the input packet set {1, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 4, 7, 2} get 4 output packets, which has a total utilization of 92.5%.
实施例2:具有多种输出包长度的拼接方法。Embodiment 2: Splicing method with multiple output packet lengths.
将输入包拼接成输出包的方法中,输出包长度可能不是唯一的,而是有多种可选的输出包长度。当具有多种输出包长度可以选择时,需要综合考虑将输入包拼接到不同长度的输出包中的可能组合,因此也就存在多个搜索分支。搜索的方式有两种:深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历。深度优先,是在一种长度的输出包完全扫描结束,才转到下一种。而广度优先则是按照一定的切换规则在各种长度的输出包上并行的轮流扫描。本发明采用多水位线启发搜索算法,如图3所示,多水位线启发搜索算法是一种广度优先方式。该方法设置一个全局下限,用输出包的拼接利用率表示,所述的拼接利用率是将输入包的总长度与拼接后的输出包长度的比值。水位线初始定为第一个输出包的长度,对应于每个输出包都记录一个水位线。判断当前水位线是否恰好可以容纳某些输入包,如果存在则输出;如果不存在则继续搜索。水位线在对应输出包上扫描,每次搜索后水位线减1,并重新计算利用率,当利用率低于全局下限,则转到下一个输出包上扫描,当前水位线变更为新的输出包的水位线。这样,通过全局下线作为水位线变化控制的依据,使得每个输出包的水位线都按照同样的比例变化,具有全局统一性,更能够找到全局最优解。具体实现步骤如下:In the method of splicing input packets into output packets, the output packet length may not be unique, but there are multiple optional output packet lengths. When there are multiple output packet lengths to choose from, it is necessary to comprehensively consider possible combinations of splicing input packets into output packets of different lengths, so there are multiple search branches. There are two ways to search: depth-first traversal and breadth-first traversal. Depth-first, after the output packet of one length is completely scanned, it goes to the next one. Breadth-first is to scan in parallel in turn on output packets of various lengths according to certain switching rules. The present invention adopts a multi-waterline heuristic search algorithm. As shown in FIG. 3 , the multi-waterline heuristic search algorithm is a breadth-first approach. The method sets a global lower limit, which is represented by splicing utilization rate of output packets, and the splicing utilization rate is the ratio of the total length of input packets to the length of spliced output packets. The watermark is initially set to the length of the first output packet, and a watermark is recorded for each output packet. Judging whether the current water level can accommodate some input packets, if it exists, it will output; if it does not exist, it will continue to search. The water level is scanned on the corresponding output package. After each search, the water level is reduced by 1, and the utilization rate is recalculated. When the utilization rate is lower than the global lower limit, it is scanned on the next output package, and the current water level is changed to a new output. The water level of the package. In this way, by using the global offline as the basis for water level change control, the water level of each output package changes in the same proportion, which has global unity and can find the global optimal solution. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
步骤21、对输入包集合中的各个输入包按长度做降序排列;
步骤22、根据输出包集合中不同长度输出包的种类数,设定水位线的数目,一条水位线对应一种长度的输出包,然后初始化各条水位线的值和全局下限的值,在初始化时,将水位线的值定为与其对应的输出包的长度,将全局下限的值定为100%;并选取一条水位线及其对应的输出包;
步骤23、判断输入包集合是否为空,若为空,结束操作,否则,执行下一步;
步骤24、判断当前的输入包集合中是否有一个或一个以上的输入包,使得这些输入包的数据长度之和恰好等于该水位线的值;若存在这样的输入包,则执行步骤25,否则执行步骤26;
步骤25、将这些输入数据包拼接成一个与当前水位线对应的输出包,若水位线的值小于输出包的长度,则将输出包中的不足部分填充0,拼接成功后,存储拼接得到的输出包,并将已拼接的输入数据包从输入数据包集合中删除,并重新执行步骤23;
步骤26、判断输出包集合中是否存在其他长度的输出包,使得该输出包所对应的水位线的值与该输出包长度的比值高于全局下限的值,若存在,则用该输出包对应的水位线代替当前水位线,并转到步骤23,若不存在,执行步骤27;
步骤27、降低当前水位线的值,并将降低后的水位线的值与该水位线对应的输出包长度作比较,若它们的比值高于或等于全局下限的值,则跳转到步骤23,否则,将全局下限更新为该比值,然后跳转到步骤23中继续执行。
上述的具有多种输出包长度的拼接方法的算法描述如下:The algorithm of the above splicing method with multiple output packet lengths is described as follows:
设定输入包列表P,输出包列表Q,两个列表都是以PDisc为元素的链表,链表中的元素按照包长度的降序排列。Set the input package list P and the output package list Q. Both lists are linked lists with PDisc as elements, and the elements in the linked list are arranged in descending order of package length.
初始化:当前扫描对象为列表Q的第一个输出包元素q,当前水位线t为第一种输出包长度q->len。全局下限为当前利用率:当前水位线/当前输出包长度=100%。Initialization: The current scanning object is the first output packet element q of the list Q, and the current water level t is the first output packet length q->len. The global lower limit is the current utilization rate: current water level/current output packet length=100%.
1、当P列表为空,则退出,否则对q当前输出包进行扫描,t为对应该输出包保存的水位线值,求解Perfect(p,t);1. When the P list is empty, exit, otherwise, scan the current output package of q, and t is the water level value saved corresponding to the output package, and solve Perfect(p, t);
2、如果方案非空,则将对应的输入包拼接成一个长度为q->len的输出包,从P中去掉对应的输入包;2. If the scheme is not empty, splice the corresponding input packets into an output packet whose length is q->len, and remove the corresponding input packets from P;
3、如果方案空,且t小于输入包列表中最大包和最小包长度之和,且t是所有水位线中最大的,则为这种最大长度的包选择一种最短的输出包,完成封装;3. If the scheme is empty, and t is less than the sum of the maximum and minimum packet lengths in the input packet list, and t is the largest among all watermarks, select the shortest output packet for the maximum length packet and complete the encapsulation ;
4、当前水位线t递减一个单位,保存该对象的水位线。4. The current water level t is decremented by one unit, and the water level of the object is saved.
5、如果t/q->len高于或者等于全局下限,则转到1;5. If t/q->len is higher than or equal to the global lower limit, go to 1;
如果低于全局下限,则重新计算当前利用率,更新全局下限,更换扫描对象,使q=q->next,转到1;If it is lower than the global lower limit, recalculate the current utilization rate, update the global lower limit, replace the scanning object, make q=q->next, go to 1;
结合实例,对上述描述进行说明。The above description is illustrated with reference to examples.
假设有一个按降序排列的输入包集合{18,16,16,9,9,7,6,5,5,4,3,3,2,1},假设在输出包集合中有两种长度的输出包,分别为10和20。由于输出包有两种不同的长度,因此,有两条水位线,分别记为t1和t2,其中,t1对应长度为10的输出包,t2对应长度为20的输出包。在初始时,全局下限为100%。Suppose there is a set of input packets in descending order {18, 16, 16, 9, 9, 7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1}, and there are two lengths in the set of output packets The output packets are 10 and 20, respectively. Since the output packets have two different lengths, there are two water level lines, respectively marked as t1 and t2, where t1 corresponds to an output packet with a length of 10, and t2 corresponds to an output packet with a length of 20. Initially, the global lower limit is 100%.
首先选取水位线t2及其对应的长度为20的输出包,通过查找,可知在输入包集合中有长度为18和2,16和4,16、3和1,9、6和5的输入包可拼接成输出包,得到输出包A、B、C、D,将相应的输入包从输入包集合中删除,剩余的输入包集合为{7,3,9,5}。由于当前的水位线无法再找到新的拼接方案,改变当前的水位线,选取水位线t1及其对应的长度为10的输出包。在输入包集合中的长度为7和3的输入包可拼接成输出包,得到输出包E,剩余的输入包集合为{9,5}。降低水位线t1的值到9,9/10=90%,小于当前的全局下限,将全局下限降低到90%。然后再降低水位线t1的值到9,此时可将长度为9的输入包送到输出包中,剩余的输入包集合为{5}。再次降低全局下限直到50%,并降低水位线t1的值到5,将它送入输出包中。输入包集合中的所有输入包拼接完毕,则整个缓冲数据的处理过程亦结束,总利用率为94.55%。First, select the water level line t2 and its corresponding output packet with a length of 20. Through searching, it can be seen that there are input packets with a length of 18 and 2, 16 and 4, 16, 3 and 1, 9, 6 and 5 in the input packet set It can be spliced into output packets to obtain output packets A, B, C, and D, and the corresponding input packets are deleted from the input packet set, and the remaining input packet set is {7, 3, 9, 5}. Since the current water level cannot find a new splicing scheme, the current water level is changed, and the water level t1 and its corresponding output packet with a length of 10 are selected. The input packets whose lengths are 7 and 3 in the input packet set can be spliced into an output packet to obtain an output packet E, and the remaining input packet set is {9, 5}. Reduce the value of the water level line t1 to 9, 9/10=90%, which is less than the current global lower limit, and lower the global lower limit to 90%. Then lower the value of the water level line t1 to 9. At this time, the input packet with a length of 9 can be sent to the output packet, and the remaining input packets are {5}. Lower the global lower limit again to 50%, and lower the watermark t1 value to 5, sending it into the output packet. When all the input packets in the input packet set are spliced, the entire buffer data processing process is also completed, and the total utilization rate is 94.55%.
在上述实例中,只选用了有两种输出包长度的情况,对于具有两种以上输出包长度的情况,本发明的方法也同样适用。下面针对有四种输出包长度的情况进行说明。In the above example, only the case of two output packet lengths is selected, and the method of the present invention is also applicable to the case of more than two output packet lengths. The following describes the case that there are four output packet lengths.
假设有一个按降序排列的输入数据包集合{19,16,15,13,12,10,9,8,6,5,4,2,2,1},假设输出包的长度为20,15,10,5。由于输出包的长度有四种,因此有四条不同的水位线,分别标记为t3,t4,t5,t6。在初始时,全局下限为100%。首先选取t3,它所对应的输出包的长度为20。通过查找,可知19和1,16和4,15和5,12和8,10、6、2和2拼接为长度为20的输入包,剩余的输入包集合为{13,9}。然后选取t4,它所对应的输出包的长度为15,不存在可拼接的输入包。再选取t5,它所对应的输出包的长度为10,同样不存在可拼接的输入包。最后选取t6,它所对应的输出包长度为5,也不存在可拼接的输入包。此时,输入包集合尚不为空,需要降低水位线的长度,在降低水位线的同时,需要检查全局下限值。将t5的长度下降到9时,输入包可拼接到输出包中,此时的全局下限值为90%。当t4的长度值为13时,长度为13的输入包可拼接到输出包中,此时的全局下限值为86.7%。Suppose there is a set of input packets arranged in descending order {19, 16, 15, 13, 12, 10, 9, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, 2, 1}, and the length of the output packets is assumed to be 20, 15 , 10, 5. Since there are four types of output packet lengths, there are four different water levels marked as t3, t4, t5, and t6. Initially, the global lower limit is 100%. First select t3, the length of the output packet corresponding to it is 20. Through searching, we know that 19 and 1, 16 and 4, 15 and 5, 12 and 8, 10, 6, 2 and 2 are spliced into an input packet with a length of 20, and the remaining input packets are {13, 9}. Then select t4, the length of the output packet corresponding to it is 15, and there is no input packet that can be spliced. Then select t5, the length of the output packet corresponding to it is 10, and there is no input packet that can be spliced. Finally, t6 is selected, its corresponding output packet length is 5, and there is no input packet that can be spliced. At this point, the input packet set is not empty yet, and the length of the water level needs to be reduced. While reducing the water level, it is necessary to check the global lower limit value. When the length of t5 is reduced to 9, the input packet can be spliced into the output packet, and the global lower limit value at this time is 90%. When the length of t4 is 13, the input packet with a length of 13 can be spliced into the output packet, and the global lower limit value at this time is 86.7%.
在前面的描述中,没有考虑数据拼接中所产生的额外的计算开销以及额外包头,添加额外包头处理会使算法会变得复杂,可采用一种包长修正的方法来解决。将输入包和输出包的长度都增加一个额外包接头的长度,可以将考虑额外包头的情况等价转化为不考虑额外包头的情况。In the previous description, the additional calculation overhead and extra headers generated in data splicing were not considered. Adding extra headers will make the algorithm more complicated, which can be solved by using a packet length correction method. Adding the length of the input packet and the output packet to the length of an extra packet header can equivalently transform the case of considering the extra header into the situation of not considering the extra header.
证明:prove:
准则1:当考虑额外包头,长度为c,对于一个长度为K1,K2...Kn的包序列,如果(K1+c)+(K2+c)......+(Kn-1+c)+Kn=K,则称这个包序列在考虑额外包头时可以拼接到K长度的包中。Criterion 1: When considering the extra packet header, the length is c, for a packet sequence of length K1, K2...Kn, if (K1+c)+(K2+c)...+(Kn-1 +c)+Kn=K, then it is said that this packet sequence can be spliced into a K-length packet when considering the extra packet header.
准则2:当不考虑额外包头,对于一个长度为K1,K2...Kn的包序列,如果K1+K2......+Kn-1+Kn=K,则称这个包序列在不考虑额外包头时可以拼接到K长度的包中。Criterion 2: When the extra packet header is not considered, for a packet sequence of length K1, K2...Kn, if K1+K2...+Kn-1+Kn=K, it is said that the packet sequence is not It can be spliced into K-length packets when considering additional headers.
当考虑额外包头,对于输入包长度分别为L1,L2...Ln的包序列,判断是否能够拼接成长度为L的输出包,需要应用准则1。通过包长度调整:将输入包调整为L1+c,L2+c...Ln-1+c,Ln+c,输出长度调整为L+c,分别记作:A1,A2...An,以及输出长度A。当不考虑额外包头时,对上述调整后的长度应用准则2,如果满足,则A1+A2...+An=A,即(L1+c)+(L2+c)...(Ln-1+c)+Ln+c=L+c,即(L1+c)+(L2+c)...(Ln-1+c)+Ln=L,说明L1,L2...Ln也满足准则1。并且这个过程是可逆的。因此有:When considering the extra packet header, for the packet sequence of input packet lengths L1, L2...Ln, to judge whether it can be spliced into an output packet of length L, criterion 1 needs to be applied. Through packet length adjustment: adjust the input packet to L1+c, L2+c...Ln-1+c, Ln+c, and adjust the output length to L+c, which are respectively recorded as: A1, A2...An, and the output length A. When the extra header is not considered, apply criterion 2 to the above adjusted length, if satisfied, then A1+A2...+An=A, namely (L1+c)+(L2+c)...(Ln- 1+c)+Ln+c=L+c, namely (L1+c)+(L2+c)...(Ln-1+c)+Ln=L, indicating that L1, L2...Ln also satisfy Guidelines 1. And this process is reversible. So there are:
准则3:Guideline 3:
对于一个长度为K1,K2...Kn的包序列以及输出包长度K,如果当进行包长度调整后,不考虑额外包头时满足准则2,等价于考虑额外包头时满足准则1。反之亦然。因此,通过包长度的调整,不考虑额外包头时的算法运算结果等价于考虑额外包头时的算法运算结果。因此按照上述调整后的包长度,按照不考虑额外包头时的本发明的方法也同样适用于考虑额外包头的情况。For a packet sequence with length K1, K2...Kn and output packet length K, if the packet length is adjusted and the extra header is not considered, criterion 2 is satisfied, which is equivalent to criterion 1 when the extra header is considered. vice versa. Therefore, through the adjustment of the packet length, the algorithm operation result without considering the additional packet header is equivalent to the algorithm operation result when the additional packet header is considered. Therefore, according to the above-mentioned adjusted packet length, the method of the present invention when the extra header is not considered is also applicable to the situation of considering the extra header.
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