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CN100472382C - 双向双腔管口配件 - Google Patents

双向双腔管口配件 Download PDF

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CN100472382C
CN100472382C CNB2005800160349A CN200580016034A CN100472382C CN 100472382 C CN100472382 C CN 100472382C CN B2005800160349 A CNB2005800160349 A CN B2005800160349A CN 200580016034 A CN200580016034 A CN 200580016034A CN 100472382 C CN100472382 C CN 100472382C
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flow
chamber
fluid
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CN1961265A (zh
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托马斯·亨利·洛加
阿奇·多德·贝格
小威廉·R·弗鲁恩德
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/42—Orifices or nozzles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/02—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor
    • F16K3/0209—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor the valve having a particular passage, e.g. provided with a filter, throttle or safety device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/02—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0357—For producing uniform flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87265—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87338—Flow passage with bypass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87265—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87338—Flow passage with bypass
    • Y10T137/87354—Including flowmeter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87265—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87539—Having guide or restrictor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87265—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87555—Having direct response valve [e.g., check valve, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87265—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87555—Having direct response valve [e.g., check valve, etc.]
    • Y10T137/87563—With reverse flow direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

用于双向双腔管口配件的方法和装置，所述管口装置包括带有与流动孔流体连通的腔的主体。配件也包括由孔板托架支撑的管口，该孔板托架可选择地设置在孔中。在优选的实施例中，下腔包括两个将该腔连接于流动孔的通道。一个通道位于孔板的任一侧上。每个通道也可以配备一个止回阀以允许沿一个方向经过所述通道。在操作中，在管口的上游侧的通道允许流体流入到下腔而在下游侧的通道防止流体流回到流动孔中。

Description

双向双腔管口配件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于监控在管道里的流体流动特性的方法和装置，特别是涉及双腔管口配件。更准确的说，本发明的实施例涉及一种支持流体沿两个方向流动的双腔管口配件。
背景技术
在管道操作和其他工业应用中，流量计用于测量通过管路部分移动的气态或液态流体流动的容积流速。流量计可以呈现许多种不同形式。一个常见的流量计是孔板流量计，该孔板流量计包括连接到管路部分的管口配件。所述管口配件用于定向和支撑孔板，该孔板垂直于流体流动的方向而横过管路部分延伸。所述孔板大致为一个薄板，该薄板包括圆形开口，或者管口，其典型地和流动流同心地定位。
在操作中，当通过管路部分移动的流体流动达到孔板时，流体被强制通过管口，从而限制流体的横截面流动面积。由于能量的连续和守恒原理，流体的速度随着流体流动通过管口而增加。这个速度增加会在孔板上产生压力差。在孔板上测得的压力差可以用于计算移动通过管路部分的流体流动的体积流速。
双腔管口配件体现了一种特殊设计，该设计能够使得孔板从配件移去时，不会干扰移动通过管路部分的流体流动。这个特别设计的配件在本领域中已经公知很多年了。在这里引入美国专利No.1,996,192作为各种目的的参考，该美国专利在1934年授权，并描述了一种早期的双腔管口配件。今天，在许多工业应用中仍然有基本相同的设计的配件在使用。尽管该设计已经保持着基本没有改变，但是操作条件继续扩展用于更宽范围的管路尺寸和工作压力。
在图1中描绘了一种常见的双腔管口配件12的剖视图。管口配件12包括主体16和顶部18。主体16包围下腔20，该下腔和管道的孔34流体连通。顶部18包围上腔22，该上腔通过螺栓17连接到主体16。孔口30形成了连接上腔22和下腔20的开口。阀座24通过螺栓28连接到顶部18，并提供了和滑动阀板56的密封接合，该滑动阀板通过旋转齿轮轴54滑动致动。操作下驱动器36和上驱动器38，从而在配件12内垂直地移动孔板托架32在下腔20和上腔22之间。孔板托架32能够通过旋松螺栓46穿过上腔22从配件12中除去，该螺栓46与锁闭杆44接合以压缩密封杆40和密封衬垫42靠着顶部18。
在操作中，如图1中所示，孔口32被滑动阀板56关闭，液压地隔离上腔22和下腔20。流入到孔34中的加压的流体流经管口52，该管口位于由孔板托架32支撑的孔板50上，所述孔板托架密封地接合孔34的壁。如果下腔20具有比孔34低的压力，那么在孔34中的压力将易于推动孔板托架32向上并且进入到下腔20中，可能导致在管口52和孔34之间的中心线未对准，这能够降低测量精度。
为了抵抗上述的压力差，这些配件中的一些包括在下腔和孔之间的平衡流动路径60，该路径允许经过孔板托架的压力相等。该平衡流动路径60通常位于管口的上游以便位于在孔中最高压力的区域中。因为很多双腔管口配件被设置以在沿仅一个方向的流动时起作用，平衡流体路径经常定位在管口的上游。在一些应用中，诸如用于大量散装设备的测量，需要能够运行在沿两个方向都穿过配件的流体的管口配件，以便测量进入到设备和离开设备的交替流。如果平衡流动路径位于管口的下游，那么孔中的在流动路径位置上的压力可能小于在孔中的作用于孔板托架上的压力，产生经过托架的压力差并且推动托架进入到下腔中。
因此，在本领域中存在一种对于双向双腔管口配件的需求，其提供经过孔板托架的压力平衡。因此本发明的实施例涉及用于双向双腔管口配件，该配件寻求克服现有技术中的这些和其他限制。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种管口配件，其包括：主体；贯穿所述主体的流动孔；在所述主体中邻近于所述流动孔的腔；孔板，该孔板被孔板托架支撑以与所述流动孔中心线对齐，其中所述孔板托架暴露于所述腔；提供所述流动孔和所述腔之间的流体连通的第一通道，其中所述第一通道在所述孔板的第一侧上；提供所述流动孔和所述腔之间的流体连通的第二通道，其中所述第二通道在所述孔板的第二侧上；设置在所述第一通道和所述第二通道中的止回阀，以便仅仅允许从所述流动孔到所述腔中的流体连通；和仅当在所述腔中的压力超过在所述流动孔中的压力时，在所述腔和所述流动孔之间提供流体连通的阀。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种用于平衡作用在孔板上的压力的方法，其中该孔板暴露于双腔管口配件的下腔和流动孔，所述方法包括：在孔板的第一侧上提供在流动孔和腔之间的穿过第一通道的流体连通；在所述孔板的第二侧上在流动孔和腔之间提供穿过第二通道的流体连通；以及当在腔中的压力超过在流动孔中的压力时，可选择地在腔和流动孔之间提供流体连通。
根据本发明的又一个方面，还提供了一种用于容纳孔板的主体，所述主体包括：腔；邻近于所述腔设置的孔；将所述腔连接到所述孔的孔板孔口，其中当孔板设置在所述孔中时所述孔板孔口被关闭；将所述腔连接到所述孔的第一通道；将所述腔连接到所述孔的第二通道，其中所述孔口位于所述第一通道和所述第二通道之间。
这样，本发明的实施例包括能够使得双腔管口配件的操作得到实质增强的特征和优点的组合。本领域技术人员在参考附图，并阅读本发明的优选实施例的下面详细描述后，会对本发明的这些和其他各种特征和优点得到清楚了解。
附图说明
为了更加清楚理解本发明，参考所附的附图，其中：
图1是现有技术双腔管口配件的剖视图；
图2是根据本发明双向双腔管口配件的一个实施例的部分剖视图；
图3是表示沿第一方向流动的图2的双向双腔管口配件的部分截面视图；以及
图4是表示沿第一方向流动的图2的双向双腔管口配件的部分截面视图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，相同的部件在整个说明书和附图中都分别采用相同的附图标记。附图没有严格成比例。本发明的某些特征可以图示成为按照比例放大或者以有些示意的形式表示，为了清楚和简要的目的，传统元件的一些细节可能不再图示。
现在参考图2，示出具有主体110的管口配件100的部分剖视图，其包括孔120和下腔130。孔板托架140支撑管口145与孔120对齐。密封件150防止在孔板托架140和孔120之间的泄漏。当孔板托架140密封在适当位置时通道160和170提供在下腔130和孔120之间的流体连通。止回阀180和190分别连接于通道160和170，并且仅允许从孔120到下腔130的流体连通。止回阀180和190不允许流体从下腔130流向孔120。止回阀180、190可以是由本领域的一般技术人员选择的任意合适的结构。
配件100可以包括释放阀195以便在下腔中的压力高于在孔中的压力时提供在孔120和下腔130之间的流体连通。释放阀195如此设置，使得当在孔120中的压力减小时，被截留在下腔130中的流体将流回到孔中。选择释放阀195在正常操作期间被关闭并且仅在孔120中的压力显著减小时才允许流体流动，诸如通过孔120的流动停止时。因此释放阀195在孔120内的压力减小时防止高压流体被截留在下腔130中。释放阀195优选地可以设置在离管口145最大的距离。在某些实施例中，可以提供可选的释放阀以将下腔130内任何压力排出到配件100的外面而不排回到孔120中。
现在参考图3，示出主体110支持沿由箭头200表示的方向的流体流动。由于流过管口145，在管口的上游侧的流体压力比在下游侧的压力更高。由于流体接近管口145，一部分流体流过阀180和通道160进入下腔130。阀190防止流体流过通道170返回到孔120中。由于流体能够流经通道160，在下腔130中的压力将与在孔120中的压力相等并且消除任何压力差产生的力，该力可以移动孔板托架140与孔120不成一条直线。
现在参考图4，示出主体110支持流体沿由肩头210表示的方向的流动，该方向与图3中所示的流动方向相反。由于沿相反的方向流动，经过管口145存在压力下降。当流体接近管口145时，一部分流体将流过阀190和通道170进入下腔130中。阀180防止流体流过通道160返回到120中。由于流体能够流经通道170，在下腔130中的压力将与在孔120中的压力相等并且消除任何压力差产生的力，该力可以移动孔板托架140与孔120不成一条直线。
一旦在孔120中的压力减小了，压力将通过止回阀180和190被截留在下腔130内。优选的是在下腔130中的残留的压力在配件向空气打开之前应该解除。在某些实施例中，该残留压力能够通过在主体110中的通风孔(未示出)被释放到空气中。该释放可以自动地或者手动地或者通过打开阀的控制系统干涉发生。在可选的实施例中，主体110可以自动地打开阀，诸如释放阀195以允许流体从下腔130流回到到孔120中。在其他的实施例中，止回阀180和190也可以是可逆的或者其他方式可转换的止回阀，所述阀能够被打开以允许流体沿相反于正常的操作方向流动。
通过在管口145的任一侧上提供压力均匀流动路径，流量计能够在流动沿任一方向移动时起作用。通过止回阀或者其他单向阀限制流体流入到下腔中并且从其中流出。因此，优选的实施例在下面的应用中是特别有用的，所述应用为流体的流动方向可能经常地改变并且需要完全测量在每个方向的流动。
本发明的优选实施例涉及双向双腔管口配件。本发明可以具有不同形式的实施例。附图中显示了实施例，这里将详细描述，本发明的具体实施例应该被这样理解，本发明的公开应该被认为是本发明的原理的例证，并且并不意味着限制本发明到这里所图示和描述的这些。特别地，本发明的各种实施例提供了许多不同布置，以便改善配件的操作。本发明的原理的使用不被局限于所述的应用，并且可以用于任何其他包括其他双腔配件和管口配件的应用。应该充分地认识到，下面讨论的实施例的不同教导可以独立的采用，或者以任何合适组合形式采用，以产生需要的结果。
此处阐述的实施例仅仅是用于说明的目的，而不是限制本发明的范围或者其中的细节。应该理解，在不背离本发明的范围和这里披露的创造性构思的情况下，可以对这里的公开内容作出许多其他变化和改进。因为在这里教导的创造性构思的范围内可以作出许多变化和不同实施例，包括等价结构和想到的各种材料，并且因为根据法律的说明要求而在此处详细描述的实施例里可以作出许多改变，所以，应该理解，此处的细节应该被解释为说明性的，而不是限制性的。

Claims (13)

1.一种管口配件，其包括：
主体；
贯穿所述主体的流动孔；
在所述主体中邻近于所述流动孔的腔；
孔板，该孔板被孔板托架支撑以与所述流动孔中心线对齐，其中所述孔板托架暴露于所述腔；
提供所述流动孔和所述腔之间的流体连通的第一通道，其中所述第一通道在所述孔板的第一侧上；提供所述流动孔和所述腔之间的流体连通的第二通道，其中所述第二通道在所述孔板的第二侧上；设置在所述第一通道和所述第二通道中的止回阀，以便仅仅允许从所述流动孔到所述腔中的流体连通；和
仅当在所述腔中的压力超过在所述流动孔中的压力时，在所述腔和所述流动孔之间提供流体连通的阀。
2.根据权利要求1的管口配件，其中，沿第一方向流经所述流动孔的流体将流经所述第一通道但不流经所述第二通道。
3.根据权利要求1的管口配件，其中，沿第二方向流经所述流动孔的流体将流经所述第二通道但不流经所述第一通道。
4.根据权利要求1的管口配件，其中，所述孔板托架可选择的设置在所述孔或所述腔中。
5.一种用于平衡作用在孔板上的压力的方法，其中该孔板暴露于双腔管口配件的下腔和流动孔，所述方法包括：
在孔板的第一侧上提供在流动孔和腔之间的穿过第一通道的流体连通；
在所述孔板的第二侧上在流动孔和腔之间提供穿过第二通道的流体连通；以及
当在腔中的压力超过在流动孔中的压力时，可选择地在腔和流动孔之间提供流体连通。
6.根据权利要求5的方法还包括，提供设置在第一和第二通道中的止回阀以便仅允许从所述流动孔到所述腔的流体连通。
7.根据权利要求5的方法，其中，沿第一方向流经所述流动孔的流体将流经所述第一通道但不流经所述第二通道。
8.根据权利要求5的方法，其中，沿第二方向流经所述流动孔的流体将流经所述第二通道但不流经所述第一通道。
9.一种用于容纳孔板的主体，所述主体包括：
腔；
邻近于所述腔设置的孔；
将所述腔连接到所述孔的孔板孔口，其中当孔板设置在所述孔中时所述孔板孔口被关闭；
将所述腔连接到所述孔的第一通道；
将所述腔连接到所述孔的第二通道，其中所述孔口位于所述第一通道和所述第二通道之间。
10.根据权利要求9的主体，其中，所述第一和第二通道是可操作的以保持在所述腔和所述孔之间的压力平衡。
11.根据权利要求9的主体还包括，设置在所述第一和第二通道中的止回阀以便仅允许流体从所述孔流到所述腔中。
12.根据权利要求9的主体还包括，与所述腔流体连通的压力释放阀以便当在所述孔中的压力小于在所述腔中的压力时从所述腔中释放压力。
13.根据权利要求11的主体，其中，所述压力释放阀是可操作的以可选择地允许流体从所述腔中流到所述孔中。
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