CN100463415C - Method for realizing dual node loop DCC route protection and dual node loop device - Google Patents
Method for realizing dual node loop DCC route protection and dual node loop device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Using flood technique on dual node ring, the invention configures main and standby proxy nodes for dual node ring to realize protection for information of network management. The invention solves issue of network management DCC protection on dual node ring effectively under condition of network in large scale, many number of dual node ring, and indistinct layering of network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to optical transmission equipment network network management communication technology, relates in particular to 0SPF (Open Shortest Path First for OpenShortest Path First) layering route technology, ECC (Embedded ControlChannel Embedded Control Channel) communication protocol technology and transmission network management technology.
Background technology
The principle of OSPF layering route is such: 1, any one node on the key territory possesses the network route of all node correspondences in the route of any network that is in key territory and its direct-connected non-key territory; 2, any one key domain node only possesses to a summary route in the non-key territory that it does not directly link to each other, the purpose network address of this summary route is actually a polymerization address of the network that all nodes connected in its pairing territory, and promptly all node map network addresses must be covered by the summary route purpose network address in its institute's corresponding domain; 3, in comprising all these territories, the network route of node correspondence, also comprise a default route in the routing information base of any one non-key domain node, this default route be with it direct-connected P be outlet.
Under above layered routing mechanism, the transport process of packet is such: 1, the data that any one node sends in the non-key territory, if destination address is in the network of certain the node correspondence in this territory, so just directly find corresponding route to send then, arrive corresponding node up to packet by searching routing table; If the destination address of the packet that certain node sends in the 2 non-key territories is in the another one territory, it at first sends to this packet on the backbone node by default route so, backbone node by the summary route again this packet is sent to direct-connected another backbone node of its destination address corresponding domain on, by the routing forwarding strategy in this territory packet is finally sent on the corresponding node more at last by this backbone node.
When if there is a plurality of outlet in certain territory to key territory, if connecting, the network physical in this territory breaks down, this territory might be divided into several sections, according to above layering route principle and packet transport process this situation is analyzed, can be drawn following several result: 1, the node in each part can not be with the node switching routing iinformation in other parts; 2, each several part is also different to the outlet in key territory; 3, in the key territory not with direct-connected other nodes in this territory because adopted the summary route, therefore can't correctly packet be sent in this territory on certain node.
As seen, if adopted the mode of layering route, if certain territory is when there is a plurality of outlet in key territory, in theory it can not be again from physically by separated, if situation is cut apart in the territory, just must cause the communication failure relevant with this territory.
At present the transmission equipment network is more and more huger, and increasing network has not only related to from backbone layer, convergence-level to the whole network layer of Access Layer, and the device node number that relates to also usually reaches hundreds of.The general game that the network management communication agreement is taked for present this huge network be adopt OSPF branch territory method with network from being divided into different route levels in logic, thereby realize big network is divided into little network, the control information of assurance route is tried one's best and is taken Internet resources littlely.But in the network configuration of reality, the scheme of layering route also can run into awkward condition, the network configuration of Here it is binode ring.In the network that has the binode ring; often there is such situation; network is huge on the one hand; interstitial content is a lot; and the binode ring occurs also very manyly in network, and customer requirements carries out network management information DCC (DataCommunication Channel data communication channel) defencive function to the binode ring on the other hand.There is the scheme that adopts the layering route in the more network at the binode ring, if such ring all is divided in key territory (0 territory), though can solve the problem of network management information DCC protection, but key domain node number tend to exceed it can normal process the scope (maximum that the number of key domain node limits, when surpassing this number, unstable situation may appear in the network route); If but these rings are divided into a common territory; because ospf protocol stipulates that common territory can not be divided into the restrictive condition of two independent sectors; when common territory when there is a plurality of outlet in key territory; if common territory is from physically being disconnected DCC again; will the divided situation in formative region, therefore can't realize the DCC protection of network management information.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of method that realizes binode ring DCC route protection for transmission equipment network using OSPF layering binode ring in routing mode.This method comprises: two of being connected of each binode ring to the Egress node in key territory respectively as the primary and backup agent node of this binode ring; Primary and backup agent node with between the node on the binode ring by the port communication that floods; The master uses between agent node and the standby agent node and they are with passing through the network layer port communication between the network management workstation; Main with switching mutually between agent node and the standby agent node.
The present invention also provides a kind of binode loop device of realizing binode ring DCC route protection, it comprises: two of being connected of each binode ring to the Egress node in key territory respectively as the primary and backup agent node of this binode ring, in primary and backup agent node, except each layer of ECC protocol stack module, also comprise binode ring message processing module, agent transmitting module, flood process module; Wherein the flood process module be used for to the packet that floods receive, send, forwarding, sort operation; Binode ring message processing module is used for receiving, storing, safeguard the nodal information on the binode ring on primary and backup agent node piece; Agent transmitting module is used on primary and backup agent node the network management information relevant with the binode ring being transmitted; Primary and backup agent node with between the node on the binode ring by the port communication that floods, in link point, ECC protocol stack transport layer is disabled to the module between the data link layer, has enabled nodal information flood module and flood process module in addition; Wherein nodal information floods, and module is responsible to be collected the information of this node, and floods by the flood process module; The master uses between agent node and the standby agent node and they are with passing through the network layer port communication between the network management workstation; Main with switching mutually between agent node and the standby agent node.、
The present invention has adopted the technology of flooding on the binode ring, and is utilized as the binode ring and disposes the protection that active and standby agent node is realized its network management information.The present invention efficiently solves that network size is big, binode number of rings order is more, webmaster DCC protection problem on the binode ring under the unsharp situation of network layerization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of describing the network configuration of binode ring;
Fig. 2 describes the functional module of two category nodes and the module map of the correlation between each module according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 A is a schematic diagram of describing the pack arrangement that floods according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 B is a schematic diagram of describing the pack arrangement that is used for the nodal information collection according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 describes the flow chart that transmits binode looped network pipe information according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the structure of description node information table according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of describing the flow process of binode ring message processing module according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 describes network management workstation with main schematic diagram with the communication strategy between agent node and the standby agent node according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical solution of the present invention is described further:
1, on the binode ring, adopt the mode that floods to send network management information, specifically comprise:
A is if source node, and it sends the network management information packet from all of the port so;
B is if intermediate node, and it should at first judge uplink information or downlink information, if uplink information, it sends the network management information packet of receiving from other all of the ports except receiving port so; If downlink information, it should judge also whether this information passes to itself so, if then give application layer with packets of information and handle, if not, the network management information packet of receiving is sent from other all of the ports except receiving port;
C, this process that floods terminate on two backbone nodes that this binode ring is connected;
D, the whole process that floods are carried out in data link layer.
2, for the binode ring provides active and standby agent node, as the network management information agency of binode ring.Specifically comprise:
Two of being connected of A, each binode ring to the Egress node in key territory respectively as the primary and backup agent node of this binode ring;
B, primary and backup agent node with between the node on the binode ring by the port communication that floods;
C, master use between agent node and the standby agent node and they are with passing through the network layer port communication between the network management workstation;
D, main with switching mutually between agent node and the standby agent node;
3, the collection and the maintenance function of nodal information on the binode ring specifically comprise:
Regularly the flood relevant information of this node of all nodes on A, the binode ring, the mode that floods is identical with the aforesaid network management information mode that floods;
B, main possess storage, maintenance and the processing capacity of the information of all nodes on their pairing binode rings, also comprise with agent node and standby agent node:
Nodal information on B1, the binode ring that all are collected by the mode of flooding is stored in the form of internal memory, and the content of form comprises gauge outfit, node identification, effective marker, ageing time;
The sign, port numbers, active and standby sign, the invalid node number that comprise corresponding binode ring in B2, the gauge outfit information, table has two states: all clauses and subclauses of state representation are effective completely; Partial status represents to exist invalid entries;
B3, whenever receive a new nodal information, with canned data in the corresponding binode link dot information table relatively, if this nodal information does not exist in form, then the information with it joins in the form, and sign is changed to effectively, simultaneously ageing time is changed to 0; If this nodal information has existed and has been masked as effectively, so only its ageing time need be changed to 0; If this nodal information exists, but flag bit is invalid, is effectively so with its mark position, and its ageing time is changed to 0;
B4, regularly ageing time in the form is progressively increased, if ageing time surpasses the maximum restriction, it is invalid then effective marker to be changed to; For reaching the peaked clauses and subclauses of ageing time, its ageing time is no longer progressively increased;
B5, if active and standby agent node in certain node reset, should be after then restarting to the informational table of nodes of the pairing binode ring of another agent node acquisition request.If the informational table of nodes that gets access to is a complete state, then directly be stored on this node; Otherwise, in will showing effectively clauses and subclauses become invalid and its ageing time be changed to maximum, simultaneously invalid entries is become effective clauses and subclauses and its ageing time is changed to 0, and then be stored on this node.
4, lead usefulness agent node and the processing of the standby agent node function with the network management information that arbitrary node is relevant in the binode ring, this part is to a summary of network management information packet transport process in network, specifically comprises:
The processing capacity of the network management information that the node on A, the binode ring is uploaded to network management workstation also comprises:
A1, at first receive processing, mainly contain that bag receives, bag verification, bag classification;
A2, will pass to application layer after the packet decapsulation then;
A3 is if the master uses agent node, and then application layer is directly given the network layer forwarding according to the particular content of packet; If standby agent node, then need to handle according to the state of the informational table of nodes on the binode ring, if informational table of nodes is a complete state, then be left intact, if informational table of nodes is a partial status, then the information of effective node is transmitted by normal ECC protocol stack with node to main;
The processing capacity of the network management information that B, the node of network management workstation on the binode ring issue;
B1, at first network management information is passed to application layer under network layer;
B2, application layer should be judged the binode ring of the destination address correspondence of network management information, search corresponding binode ring information table then, if find node corresponding and its state for effectively, then flood by the function that floods; Otherwise, if to find its state of node corresponding be invalid and this moment information be in main with on the agent node, then directly this information is transmitted to standby agent node again, transmits according to the binode ring information table utilization mode of flooding of the correspondence of self by standby agent node by network layer; Otherwise, with this data packet discarding;
Network management information processing capacity between C, the node cycle internal node;
C1, at first receive processing, mainly contain that bag receives, bag verification, bag classification;
C2, will pass to application layer after the packet decapsulation then;
C3, application layer should be judged the binode ring of the destination address correspondence of network management information, search corresponding binode ring information table then, if find node corresponding and its state for effectively, then flood by the function that floods; Otherwise, directly this information is transmitted to the opposite end agent node again by network layer.The opposite end agent node refers to standby agent node or leads and use agent node herein, and then, the agent node of opposite end is transmitted according to the binode ring information table utilization mode of flooding of self again.
5, the relevant network configuration of binode ring specifically comprises:
Enabling and the disable configuration function of A, binode ring;
B, dispose the function of primary and backup agent node for the binode ring;
C, be the flood function of port of primary and backup agent node configuration;
D, configuration binode link dot information refresh cycle;
6, need the functional module of increase, comprising:
A, flood process module, be responsible for to the packet that floods receive, send, transmit, operation such as classification;
B, the nodal information module that floods is responsible for the information of this node is collected, and is flooded by the flood process module;
C, binode ring message processing module, be responsible on primary and backup generation joint block, receiving, storing, safeguard the nodal information on the binode ring:
D, agent transmitting module are responsible on primary and backup agent node the network management information relevant with the binode ring being transmitted;
7, for network configuration relevant and the module that is increased, also comprise with the binode ring:
If A is configured to the binode ring, this ring is gone up all nodes and must be enabled flood process module and the nodal information module that floods so, should forbid the execution of other communication protocol modules of network layer simultaneously;
If B is configured to main using or standby agent node, on this node, must enable flood process module, binode ring message processing module and agent transmitting module so;
The configuration information of C, binode link dot information refresh cycle must be notified to the nodal information module that floods;
The port information that floods of D, configuration must be notified to the flood process module.
8, for front the 1st and 3 points, following explanation is arranged:
The information of passing to work station in A, the network management information belongs to uplink information, and the information of passing to network element in the binode ring belongs to downlink information;
The relevant packets of information of nodal information collection belongs to uplink information on B, the binode ring.
9, the communication strategy between network management workstation and main usefulness, the standby agent node comprises:
A, network management workstation issue data and should at first select the master to use agent node, if network management workstation and main with communication disruption between the agent node (webmaster can not get responding) issues data and forwards secondary node to.
When B, network management workstation are found the master with the agent node communication disruption, should at first issue a master with changeing standby order to standby agent node, standby agent node will own be arranged to main usefulness for the attribute of corresponding binode ring after receiving order, send an acknowledge message and will send a switching messages to main with agent node to network management workstation then;
If main receive the switching messages that standby agent node sends with agent node, then self attribute is changed into standby, and to acknowledge message of standby transmission.
Can draw to draw a conclusion by above-mentioned technical scheme: the present invention is for larger network, efficiently solves using binode ring under the OSPF stratification routing mode can not realize the problem of DCC protection.If in having the transmission network management communication protocol of binode ring, adopted the present invention, guaranteed the clear in structure of network layerization on the one hand, can realize binodal ring DCC defencive function on the other hand, satisfied user's demand.The present invention has increased the not high module of several complexities on original ECC communication protocol basis, the configuration by webmaster enables or the operation of closing module, does not influence original comnnnication protocol structure, therefore can realize smooth upgrade.
Fig. 1 has described the schematic network structure of a binode ring; Node A and Node B are two nodes on the key ring, and node C, D, E are the binode rings of cross-node A and B, and A, B can be used as the primary and backup agent node of node C, D, E place binode ring.On node A and B, being connected to key ring upper port is the network layer port, and the port that is connected on the binode ring at C, D, E place is the port that floods.
Fig. 2 has described the functional module of two category nodes and the correlation between each module.In primary and backup agent node, except each layer of ECC protocol stack module, also comprise binode ring message processing module, agent transmitting module, flood process module; In link point, ECC protocol stack transport layer is disabled to the module between the data link layer, has enabled nodal information flood module and flood process module in addition;
Fig. 3 A has described the pack arrangement that floods, it comprises the ttl value of the packet length value of the bag type of 2 bytes, 1 byte, 1 byte, the reservation position and the data of 4 bytes, wherein wraps type and comprises up network management information, the ring interior nodes communication information, nodal information acquisition of information; Fig. 3 B has described and has been used for the pack arrangement that nodal information is collected, and it comprises the node identification of 4 bytes and the reservation position of 8 bytes;
Fig. 4 has described the process details that network management information transmits in the binode ring on leading with agency and standby agent node.The nodal information of binode ring is initiated by the nodal information of this node module that floods, flood process module in this node and this ring and physical interface layer processing module send to information main with on agent node and the standby agent node, send information to binode ring message processing module through main physical interface layer module, flood process module again with agent node and standby agent node, shown in line 1, binode ring message processing module is handled according to the described flow process of following Fig. 6 then; Up network management information on the binode ring is initiated by the application layer of this node, flood process module in this node and this ring and physical interface layer processing module send to information main with on agent node and the standby agent node, send information to application layer through main with agent node physical interface layer module, flood process module again, shown in line 2, application layer finally sends to network management workstation through the normal process of ECC protocol stack with information again, shown in line 4; The transmittance process of descending network management information is just in time opposite with up network management information; When the binode ring disconnects, the network management information that transmits between can not the node of direct communication by the mode of flooding on the ring then needs the application layer module through one of them agent node, agent transmitting module, the ECC protocol stack is to the application layer of opposite end agent node, shown in line 3, then through the opposite end application layer, the flood process module, physical interface layer, the nodal information module that floods arrives the application layer of destination node at last, the opposite end agent node may be that the master also may be standby agent node with agent node herein, in this case, because this agent node can not directly be communicated by letter by the mode of flooding with destination node, therefore information need be passed to the opposite end agent node, be responsible for forwarding by the opposite end agent node.
Fig. 5 has described the structure of informational table of nodes.Informational table of nodes is stored on the primary and backup agent node, and it is a Hash table.The corresponding binode ring of each element in the Hash table, the form of its employing pointer is pointed to the informational table of nodes of corresponding binode ring, and each element also comprises ring sign, port numbers, active and standby sign and invalid node number.Comprise node identification, effective marker and ageing time information in each nodal information;
Fig. 6 has described binode ring message processing module flow process; Receiving process receives the nodal information packet at first finds later corresponding binode ring according to its receiving port informational table of nodes, in table, search this nodal information then and whether exist, if there is no, then in table, increase this nodal information, be provided with valid flag, and ageing time is put 0; Otherwise,, then ageing time is put 0 if nodal information is effective; Otherwise, effective marker is changed to effectively, and ageing time is put 0.The ageing time timer regularly scans the informational table of nodes of all binode rings, scanning process is to the operation of progressively increasing of the ageing time of each effective nodal information each time, and judge that whether ageing time after progressively increasing is greater than the maximum constraints time, if greater than, it is invalid then the node effective marker to be changed to.
Fig. 7 has described network management workstation with the main communication strategy of using between agent node and the standby agent node; Network management workstation issues data should at first select the main agent node of using, if network management workstation and main with communication disruption between the agent node (webmaster can not get responding), send an active and standby switching command to standby agent node, switch to after standby agent node receives orders main with and send one with agent node and switch message to main.
Claims (9)
1. method that realizes binode ring DCC route protection is characterized in that:
Two of being connected of each binode ring to the Egress node in key territory respectively as the primary and backup agent node of this binode ring;
Primary and backup agent node with between the node on the binode ring by the port communication that floods;
The master uses between agent node and the standby agent node and they are with passing through the network layer port communication between the network management workstation;
Main with switching mutually between agent node and the standby agent node;
On the binode ring, adopt the mode that floods to send network management information, specifically comprise the steps:
If source node, it sends the network management information packet from all of the port so;
If intermediate node, it should at first judge uplink information or downlink information, if uplink information, it sends the network management information packet of receiving from other all of the ports except receiving port so; If downlink information, it should judge also whether this information passes to itself so, if then give application layer with packets of information and handle, if not, the network management information packet of receiving is sent from other all of the ports except receiving port;
This process that floods terminates on two backbone nodes that this binode ring is connected;
The whole process that floods is carried out in data link layer.
2. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Further comprise the collection of nodal information on the binode ring and safeguard step, it comprises:
Regularly the flood relevant information of this node of all nodes on the binode ring;
Main with the nodal information on the reception of the binode message processing module in agent node and the standby agent node, storage, maintenance and their pairing binode rings.
3. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described collection and safeguard that step specifically comprises:
Nodal information on all binode rings of collecting by the mode of flooding is stored in the form of internal memory, and the content of form comprises gauge outfit, node identification, effective marker, ageing time;
The sign, port numbers, active and standby sign, the invalid node number that comprise corresponding binode ring in the gauge outfit information, table has two states: all clauses and subclauses of state representation are effective completely; Partial status represents to exist invalid entries;
Whenever receive a new nodal information, with canned data in the corresponding binode link dot information table relatively, if this nodal information does not exist in form, then the information with it joins in the form, and sign is changed to effectively, simultaneously ageing time is changed to 0; If this nodal information has existed and has been masked as effectively, so only its ageing time need be changed to 0; If this nodal information exists, but flag bit is invalid, is effectively so with its mark position, and its ageing time is changed to 0;
Regularly ageing time in the form is progressively increased, if ageing time surpasses the maximum restriction, it is invalid then effective marker to be changed to; For reaching the peaked clauses and subclauses of ageing time, its ageing time is no longer progressively increased;
If certain node reset in the active and standby agent node should be to the informational table of nodes of the pairing binode ring of another agent node acquisition request after then restarting.If the informational table of nodes that gets access to is a complete state, then directly be stored on this node; Otherwise, in will showing effectively clauses and subclauses become invalid and its ageing time be changed to maximum, simultaneously invalid entries is become effective clauses and subclauses and its ageing time is changed to 0, and then be stored on this node.
4. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Comprise that further the node on the binode ring uploads the step of network management information to network management workstation, it comprises:
At first receive processing, mainly contain bag and receive, wrap verification, bag classification;
To pass to application layer after the packet decapsulation then;
If the main agent node of using, then application layer is directly given the network layer forwarding according to the particular content of packet; If standby agent node, then need to handle according to the state of the informational table of nodes on the binode ring, if informational table of nodes is a complete state, then be left intact, if informational table of nodes is a partial status, then the information of effective node is transmitted by normal ECC protocol stack with agent node to main.
5. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Comprise that further the node of network management workstation on the binode ring issues the step of network management information, it comprises:
At first network management information is passed to application layer under network layer;
Application layer should be judged the binode ring of the destination address correspondence of network management information, searches corresponding binode ring information table then, if find node corresponding and its state for effectively, then floods by the function that floods; Otherwise, if to find its state of node corresponding be invalid and this moment information be in main with on the agent node, then directly this information is transmitted to standby agent node again, transmits according to the binode ring information table utilization mode of flooding of the correspondence of self by standby agent node by network layer; Otherwise, with this data packet discarding.
6. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
Further comprise the step of handling network management information between the binode ring internal node, it comprises;
At first receive processing, mainly contain bag and receive, wrap verification, bag classification;
To pass to application layer after the packet decapsulation then;
Application layer should be judged the binode ring of the destination address correspondence of network management information, searches corresponding binode ring information table then, if find node corresponding and its state for effectively, then floods by the function that floods; Otherwise, directly this information is transmitted to the opposite end agent node again and transmits by network layer.
7. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Further comprise network management workstation and lead the step of communicating by letter between usefulness, the standby agent node, it comprises:
Network management workstation issues data and should at first select the master to use agent node, if network management workstation and main with communication disruption between the agent node issues data and forwards secondary node to;
When network management workstation is found the master with the agent node communication disruption, should at first issue a master with changeing standby order to standby agent node, standby agent node will own be arranged to main usefulness for the attribute of corresponding binode ring after receiving order, send an acknowledge message and will send a switching messages to main with agent node to network management workstation then;
If main receive the switching messages that standby agent node sends with agent node, then self attribute is changed into standby, and to acknowledge message of standby transmission.
8. binode loop device of realizing binode ring DCC route protection is characterized in that:
Two of being connected of each binode ring to the Egress node in key territory respectively as the primary and backup agent node of this binode ring, in primary and backup agent node, except each layer of ECC protocol stack module, also comprise binode ring message processing module, agent transmitting module, flood process module;
Wherein the flood process module be used for to the packet that floods receive, send, forwarding, sort operation;
Binode ring message processing module is used for receiving, storing, safeguard the nodal information on the binode ring on primary and backup agent node piece;
Agent transmitting module is used on primary and backup agent node the network management information relevant with the binode ring being transmitted;
Primary and backup agent node with between the node on the binode ring by the port communication that floods, in link point, ECC protocol stack transport layer is disabled to the module between the data link layer, has enabled nodal information flood module and flood process module in addition; Wherein nodal information floods, and module is responsible to be collected the information of this node, and floods by the flood process module;
The master uses between agent node and the standby agent node and they are with passing through the network layer port communication between the network management workstation;
Main with switching mutually between agent node and the standby agent node.
9. device according to claim 9 is characterized in that:
If be configured to the binode ring, this ring is gone up all nodes and must be enabled flood process module and the nodal information module that floods so, should forbid the execution of other communication protocol modules of network layer simultaneously;
If be configured to main using or standby agent node, on this node, must enable flood process module, binode ring message processing module and agent transmitting module so;
The configuration information of binode link dot information refresh cycle must be notified to the nodal information module that floods;
The port information that floods of configuration must be notified to the flood process module.
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| CN102801639B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-02-25 | 南京丰泰通信技术股份有限公司 | Communication device and method for transmitting network management protocol by using E1 odd frame Sa bit |
| CN104539574A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-04-22 | 汉柏科技有限公司 | Dynamic creation method for user connection information |
| CN107124734B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-11-22 | 普天信息技术有限公司 | A kind of method that base station obtains core net activestandby state |
| CN109194503B (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2021-04-20 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Method for distributing site IP by using OSPF message |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1808995A (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method of protection of agent nodes in multi-layered automatic switching optical network |
| CN1658578A (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2005-08-24 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Non-break switchover method of double-network communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| SDH自愈环网间互通问题的探讨. 严彬.电信工程技术与标准化，第4期. 2006 |
| SDH自愈环网间互通问题的探讨. 严彬.电信工程技术与标准化，第4期. 2006 * |
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