CN100431404C - Method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating the flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobii. It includes nutrient control fertilization measures, water regulation measures, temperature control measures, light control measures, and growth regulator use measures. The specific treatment methods include nutrient control fertilization measures in the vegetative growth stage, flower bud differentiation promotion and flowering regulation stage, and flowering stage. , water control measures, temperature control measures, light control measures, growth regulator use measures. The invention solves the problems that the pseudobulbs of the same Dendrobium dendrobium have inconsistent flowering at different nodes and sporadic flowering in winter and spring; and that different plants flower sequentially, cannot bloom at the same time, and cannot be marketed on a large scale.

Description

A kind of spring dendrobium florescence control method

technical field

The invention relates to a method for regulating the flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobii.

Background technique

Dendrobium dendrobium, as a potted flower, is another new species of western orchid after Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium. It has high ornamental value and a long viewing period. Therefore, in the flower market before the Spring Festival, spring dendrobium has become the best among western orchids. Spring Dendrobium orchids are particularly resistant to low temperature during the flowering period, and they like light and dryness. Because of its bright colors and suitable for potted plants, it is favored by many companies. It is considered to be the most promising commercial species of Cayenne orchid after Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium.

Spring Dendrobium is a plant of the genus Dendrobium in the family Orchidaceae, a perennial evergreen or deciduous epiphytic herb, the stem is called a pseudobulb, and the flesh is bamboo-shaped. The stem length is about 25-90cm depending on the variety, the length between the stem nodes is 2-5cm, and the middle part of the stem nodes is thick, mainly storing water and nutrients. The leaves are alternate, and the racemes are 2 to 5, formed by the axillary buds of each node. The flowers are large and showy, with a diameter of 6-10cm, and the flowering period is as long as 1-2 months. The growth of new shoots germinated from winter and spring to the end of autumn and early winter gradually stops, and terminal leaves appear. 1 to 4 new buds can germinate at the base of the stem to become the next generation of new stems. After the old stems (regardless of height) feel the low temperature, except for the 2 to 4 buds at the base, the enlarged internode axillary buds at the upper part may develop into flower buds or become high-position buds.

The flower bud differentiation of Dendrobium dendrobium requires a low temperature below 13°C, which is lower than that of Phalaenopsis, which is difficult to achieve in high temperature areas in summer and autumn in my country. Under natural conditions, it is necessary to use high mountains above 800m above sea level to do it. Secondly, after the flower buds of Dendrobium dendrobium are differentiated, the phenomenon of "flower bud reversal" will easily occur when encountering high temperature above 25°C, and they will turn into leaf buds, which is difficult to control in production and cultivation.

Dendrobium dendrobium industry is relatively mature in Japan. In the past 5 to 6 years in my country, the intensity of species introduction and development has been increasing year by year. Although there is a large market and profit margins, there are also major difficulties, mainly due to the difficulty in flower control technology. At present, many companies are producing Dendrobium orchids, but the production technology of Dendrobium is very low, and there are technical thresholds for cultivation and flower promotion, resulting in poor quality of finished Dendrobium, which cannot be marketed at all. Technology has not been improved, and foreign countries have imposed a technological blockade on us. Due to various reasons, the major orchid production enterprises in my country have not yet produced batches of high-quality spring Dendrobium products, and more enterprises are in a wait-and-see state. At present, there are already a large number of flower companies in my country that have put into production, but due to the unqualified flower-urging technology, the phenomenon of early flowering and delayed flowering often occurs. At the same time, the technology is not up to standard, and the quality of flowers decreases after flower forcing, resulting in a shortened flowering period. So how to solve the problem of flower urging and improve the quality of Dendrobium is a problem that urgently needs to be noticed and solved in the current flower industry and the batch production of potted flowers of Dendrobium.

Generally, 2 months before the expected flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobium, stop using fertilizer and water, and use low temperature to process the pseudobulb of Dendrobium dendrobium. No growth regulator or only GA3 treatment, when the early cultivation technology is good, the effect of promoting flowering is relatively good. However, there is always a non-concentrated flowering period and a high proportion of defective products, resulting in unprofitable flower sales. GA3 can only advance the flowering period for a few days, and does not contribute much to increasing the number of flower buds.

At the same time, the existing technology is to control the flowering period through the adjustment of cultivation technology and environmental conditions. At night, the spring dendrobium is in a low temperature environment, the temperature is raised during the day, and the temperature difference treatment is carried out continuously for 1 to 2 months. At the same time, supplementary fertilizer and water are used, the use of fertilizer is stopped, watering is reduced, and the light is increased to 40,000 to 80,000 lux. , to increase the thickness of Dendrobium pseudobulbs. Promote the differentiation of flower buds.

At present, the existing technology is to simply use environmental conditions to regulate the flowering period. There are also many cultivation techniques that are not up to standard, resulting in rather low and thin stems, which are also not conducive to the formation of flower buds. Also have adopted gibberellin to carry out treatment, but the result is unsatisfactory. The leaves of the obtained plants fall early, grow too long, or the quality of the flower buds formed is not high. The temperature of flower forcing is controlled at about 13°C, but the time of flower forcing and low temperature treatment time are not well controlled. The coordination of water, fertilizer and substrate is not good. It leads to poor vegetative growth, which affects the reproductive growth in the later stage, and the flowering period is improperly regulated. Under this technology, the flowering period is irregular, the flowering time of the upper and lower nodes of the same plant is inconsistent, the flowering is scattered, and the ornamental effect is poor. Low, thin stems are formed, which are also detrimental to flower bud formation. Also have adopted gibberellin to carry out processing, but result is unsatisfactory, and the plant that obtains falls leaves ahead of schedule, grows excessively, and the quality of the flower bud that forms is not high.

All in all, the prior art has the following disadvantages:

The pseudobulbs of the same Dendrobium dendrobium bloom inconsistently at different nodes, and bloom sporadically in winter and spring;

The flowering among different plants has a sequence, and they cannot bloom at the same time, and cannot be marketed on a large scale.

During the New Year's Day and Spring Festival period, it is not possible to accurately supply the Spring Festival flower market on a regular basis. Often lagging behind and unable to sell.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a core problem that can solve the inconsistent flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobium, so that different node flower buds of the same plant can germinate and open simultaneously; pseudobulbs of different strains bloom at the same time, so as to realize the regulation of the flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobii on a large scale. method.

The present invention is achieved like this:

A spring dendrobium florescence regulation method, it comprises nutrient control fertilization measures, water regulation measures, temperature control measures, light control measures, growth regulator use measures, the specific processing method is:

(1) In the vegetative growth stage: from the beginning of March to the end of August, the average fertilizer is applied 2 to 3 times a month, and the concentration of each fertilization is 1000 times (EC value is 2 to 2.3, pH5.5 to 6.5). The amount of fertilizer is 0.1g/time, the N:P:K=20:20:20 of fertilizer, the water control measure is to apply water once every 5 days, the temperature and light control measures are to keep the temperature at 18-28°C, and the light The intensity is kept at 50,000 to 80,000 lux;

(2) The stage of promoting flower bud differentiation and flowering regulation: after the terminating leaves appear in Dendrobium nodule, keep the night temperature at 8-13°C for 25-60 days; when the flower buds of Dendrobium nodidum start to expand from each leaf axil of the plant, water once every 7-10 days Water, the frequency of watering is 3-4 times per month, and the amount of watering each time is 150-200ml; the N:P:K=10:30:20 of fertilizer, fertilization once every 10 days, 150-200ml per plant, the concentration 1000 times, containing 0.1g high phosphorus fertilizer;

(3) Flowering stage: when the flower buds are extended to 1cm, heat and force the flowers. The temperature is 18-25°C. At this time, the light intensity is weakened, and the light intensity is 30,000-50,000 lux. Keep the temperature and the length of light 4 to 6 weeks; at the same time, water once every 7 to 10 days, and the frequency of watering is 3 to 4 times per month, and the amount of watering is 150 to 200ml each time. 1000 times, N:P:K=20:20:20 of average fertilizer application;

2 months before the expected flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobii, the root irrigation treatment is carried out with a growth regulator; 10 to 15 days after the flower buds of Dendrobium spring germinate, the root irrigation treatment is carried out with a growth regulator.

Two months before the expected flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobium, a growth regulator 6-BA was used for root irrigation treatment; 10 to 15 days after the flower buds of Dendrobium dendrobium germinated, another growth regulator was used for root irrigation treatment .

According to the flowering control technology of Dendrobium dendrobii, root irrigation treatment is carried out 2 months before the expected flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobium, and the growth regulator used may be 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA).

In the Dendrobium dendrobium florescence control technology, the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) used for root irrigation treatment can be 100-200 ppm of 6-BA, and the dose of 100-150 ml can be used for each plant.

The described Dendrobium dendrobium florescence regulation technology, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) that irrigation root treatment adopts, and when stem flower bud differentiation is good, stem thickness is thicker, and color and luster turns yellow, and use concentration at this moment can be 100ppm. When the stem is thin and the color is light green, the maturity is poor and the flower buds are poorly differentiated. The concentration can be 200ppm.

In the flowering control technology of Dendrobium dendrobium, the growth regulator used for root irrigation treatment can be gibberellin (GA3) 10-15 days after the flower buds of Dendrobium dendrobium germinate.

In the flowering control technology of Dendrobium dendrobium, the concentration of gibberellin (GA3) used for root irrigation treatment can be 5-10 ppm, and the dosage per plant can be 100-150 ml.

That is to say, 2 months before the expected flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobium, first use 6-BA for treatment, the most suitable concentration of 6-BA is 100-200ppm, it can be used according to the maturity, and 100ppm is used for good maturity , use 200ppm if the maturity is poor. When the substrate is dry, use about 100ml per plant for root irrigation. From 10 to 15 days after the flower buds of Dendrobium dendrobium germinated, GA3 with a suitable concentration was used for treatment, and the treatment concentration was 5-10 ppm, and each plant was also treated with suitable concentration for root irrigation. The use of growth regulators must cooperate with cultivation and environmental control measures. The relevant supporting cultivation techniques are mainly:

1. Complete vegetative growth: before August, the fertilizer is selected for use with average fertilizer (N:P:K=20:20:20), and the concentration of each fertilization is 1000 times (EC value is 2～2.3, PH5.5～6.5), The amount of fertilization in a single pot is 0.1g/time, and the fertilizer N:P:K=20:20:20, 2-3 times a month. Make sure that vegetative growth is complete and terminating leaves are formed by the end of August. The water control measure is to apply water every 5 days.

2. Promoting flower bud differentiation: When the temperature drops and the air is dry in autumn, it is the best season for spring Dendrobium to start flowering regulation. In September, after the terminating leaves of Dendrobium dendrobium appear, keep the night temperature below 13°C for 25-60 days. When spring dendrobium flower buds start to expand from each leaf axil of the plant, do not shade this moment, fertilizer N: P: K=10: 30: 20, fertilize once every 10 days, every plant fertilizes 150～200ml, the concentration is 1000 times, Contains 0.1g high phosphorus fertilizer. It is still appropriate to water once every 7-10 days, the frequency of watering is 3-4 times per month, and the amount of watering each time is 150-200ml;

3. Flowering stage: After November, when the flower buds are extended to 1cm, fertilize once every 10 days, 150-200ml per plant, the concentration is 1000 times, and the average fertilizer N:P:K=20:20:20; At the same time, water once every 7 to 10 days, the frequency of watering is 3 to 4 times per month, and the amount of watering each time is 150 to 200ml.

When the flower buds differentiate and grow irreversibly, that is, when the flower buds elongate to more than 1cm, heat and force the flowers. At this time, increase the light intensity and do not shade to make the flowers bright. Increase the frequency of watering, watering once every 1 to 2 days. Fertilize once every 10 days, and apply average fertilizer (N:P:K=20:20:20).

Spring Dendrobium plants will only feel the external low temperature induction and undergo flower bud differentiation when they complete vegetative growth and form terminating leaves. When the night temperature is below 13°C, the flower buds of spring Dendrobium plants will gradually expand and develop into flower buds at the leaf axils for 25 to 60 days. The most important environmental factor for flower bud formation is low temperature (8-15°C). The lower the temperature, the longer the maintenance time, the shorter the flower bud formation time, the more stable the flower bud formation, the less likely it is to reverse into leaf buds, and it is not sensitive to the length of sunshine. Due to the heat preservation in winter, the whole growth process of the plants is advanced, and the balanced fertilizer application is stopped after the end of July, and the high P fertilizer (N:P:K=10:30:20) is replaced after 20-30 days.

4. Using water management: Using water control methods to control vegetative growth is one of the important measures to control vegetative growth in cultivation techniques. In order to stop the vegetative growth of the plants, the method of gradually reducing the amount of watering and intermittent exercise of drought can be used to form terminal leaves.

5. Inhibition of flower bud reversal: This is the key technology for the success of flower control. Before the flower buds of the plant begin to elongate and grow to 1cm, there is a possibility of reversing the leaf buds. The main environmental factor affecting the reversal is temperature. When the night temperature is above 20°C and the daytime temperature is above 25°C, especially under strong direct sunlight, the temperature When the temperature is above 28°C, if it lasts for 2 to 3 days, the flower buds may be reversed into leaf buds. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep the night temperature below 20°C and the day temperature below 25°C during this period. Only when the length of the flower bud is more than 1cm, the naked eye has confirmed that it is a flower bud, and at this time, the reversal will not occur before the temperature can be raised. Fertilize 1 or 2 times with balanced fertilizer to promote flowering.

In addition, 6-BA is a growth regulator that promotes cell division. Using other types of growth regulators such as KT and ZT can also achieve this purpose, but the quality and effect of the control are relatively poor. The main performance is that the controlled dose and time are less effective than 6-BA.

There are many trade names for 6-BA and GA3, the main components of which are these two growth regulators, but there are many names used, such as 920, progerin and so on.

There are many ways to use the two kinds of growth regulators. The same effect can be achieved by adopting the appropriate concentration, using different sprays, or using low concentrations for multiple times.

The present invention solves the inconsistency of flowering among different nodes of the pseudobulb of the same Dendrobium dendrobium, sporadic flowering in winter and spring; and the sequential flowering among different plants, which cannot bloom at the same time, and cannot be marketed on a large scale, especially during New Year's Day and Spring Festival. The problem of not being able to accurately supply the Spring Festival flower market at a fixed time. Due to solving the difficulties in flower prompting, it will actively promote the production of spring dendrobium in large quantities in my country's flower enterprises, promote the formation of scale and industrialization, produce first-class products, obtain great profits, reduce foreign exchange expenses, and promote The sustainable development of scientific research has formed a virtuous circle in which scientific research drives production and production promotes scientific research.

Detailed ways

Fifty plants of the 2-year-old spring Dendrobium variety "Den white Christmas" were selected and divided into two groups, with 250 plants in each group, and the substrate of each plant was sphagnum moss. Take the processing method of the present invention to group A, and take existing technical measures to group B. Specifically, the following measures are taken for the two groups:

Group A:

(1) In the vegetative growth stage: From March 3 to August 31, apply average fertilizer twice a month, and the concentration of each fertilizer is 1000 times (EC value is 2-2.3, pH5.5). The amount is 0.1g/time, the fertilizer N:P:K=20:20:20, the water control measure is to apply water once every 5 days, the temperature and light control measures are to keep the temperature at 23-25°C, and the light Keep the intensity at 50,000 to 60,000 lux;

(2) Promoting flower bud differentiation and flowering regulation stage: after the terminating leaves appear in Dendrobium dendrobii, keep the night temperature at 8-10°C for 45 days; The frequency is 4 times per month, and the amount of watering each time is 150ml; N:P:K=10:30:20 of the fertilizer, fertilization once every 10 days, 150ml of fertilization per plant, the concentration is 1000 times, containing 0.1g high phosphorus fertilizer;

(3) Flowering stage: When the flower buds are extended to 1cm, heat and force the flowers. The temperature is 19-21°C. At this time, the light intensity is weakened, and the light intensity is 30,000 to 50,000 lux. Keep the temperature and the length of light. Watering once in 7 days at the same time, the number of watering is 4 times per month, the amount of watering each time is 150ml, fertilization once in 10 days, 150ml of fertilization per plant, the concentration is 1000 times, and the N:P of the average fertilizer is used. :K=20:20:20;

Two months (October) before the expected flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobii, root irrigation treatment was carried out by using a growth regulator. The growth regulator 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) used in the root irrigation treatment adopts a dose of about 130ml per plant. There are 21 strains with good maturity, and the concentration used is 100ppm. There are 4 plants with poor maturity, and the concentration used is 200ppm.

On the 13th day when the flower buds of Dendrobium dendrobii had just germinated, a growth regulator was used to irrigate the roots. The growth regulator used for the irrigated root treatment was gibberellin (GA3), and the concentration was 8ppm, and the dosage of each plant was 120ml.

Group B:

In (1), in the vegetative growth stage: from March 3 to August 31, apply 2 average fertilizers every month, and the concentration of each fertilization is 1000 times, and the fertilization amount of a single pot is 0.15g/time, and the N of fertilizer :P:K=20:15:12, the water control measure is to apply water every 5 days.

2 months (October) before the estimated flowering period of Dendrobium dendrobii, stop using fertilizer and water, and use 8 ℃ low temperature to process the pseudobulb of Dendrobium dendrobii for 15 days. Treatment was performed without growth regulators or with GA3 alone.

From one month before the expected flowering period, continue to treat the temperature difference between day and night at 63°C, stop using fertilizers at the same time, reduce watering to 3 times a month, increase the light, and increase the light to 70,000 lux to increase the thickness of the dendrobium pseudobulb and promote flower buds. differentiation.

result:

Group A:

Among the 250 plants, 230 plants bloomed on New Year's Day, and 20 plants bloomed on the second day of New Year's Day. The pseudobulbs of the same Dendrobium nodule bloomed consistently at different nodes, and the flowering sequence between different plants did not exceed 48 hours.

Group B:

Among the 250 plants, 110 bloomed on New Year's Day, 50 bloomed on the second day of New Year's Day, 60 bloomed on the third day of New Year's Day, and 30 bloomed on the fourth day of New Year's Day. The pseudobulbs of the same Dendrobium nodule flowered inconsistently at different nodes, and the flowering among different plants took more than 48 hours.

analyze:

Dendrobium dendrobii plants will feel the external low temperature induction and undergo flower bud differentiation only when they complete vegetative growth and form terminating leaves. The most important environmental factor for flower bud formation is low temperature (8-15°C). The lower the temperature, the longer the maintenance time and the formation The shorter the flower bud time, the more stable the flower bud formation is, the less likely it is to reverse into leaf buds, and it is not sensitive to the length of sunshine.

Controlling vegetative growth with water control method is one of the important measures to control vegetative growth in cultivation technology. In order to stop the vegetative growth of the plants, the method of gradually reducing the amount of watering and intermittent exercise of drought can be used to form terminal leaves.

Inhibition of flower bud reversal is the key technology for the success of flower control. Before the flower buds of the plant begin to elongate and grow to 1cm, there is a possibility of reversing the leaf buds. The main environmental factor affecting the reversal is temperature. When the night temperature is above 20°C and the daytime temperature is above 25°C, especially under strong direct sunlight, the temperature When the temperature is above 28°C, if it lasts for 2 to 3 days, the flower buds may be reversed into leaf buds.

In addition, 6-BA is a growth regulator that promotes cell division. Using other types of growth regulators such as KT and ZT can also achieve this purpose, but the quality and effect of the control are relatively poor. The main performance is that the controlled dose and time are less effective than 6-BA.

The invention solves the problems of inconsistency in flowering among different nodes of the pseudobulb of the same spring dendrobium, and sporadic flowering in winter and spring; and the problems that flowering among different plants has a sequence, cannot bloom at the same time, and cannot be marketed on a large scale.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem, it comprises nutritional control measures of fertilizer, moisture regulation measure, temperature control measure, illumination control measure, growth regulator usage measure, it is characterized in that:

(1) at vegetative growth phase: executed average fertilizer in every month by the end of August 2～3 times from the first arrival in March, each fertilising concentration is that 1000 times, EC value are 2～2.3, pH value is 5.5～6.5, the fertilizing amount of single basin is 0.1g/ time, the N of fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20, the moisture regulation measure is to use one time water in per 5 days, temperature and illumination control measure are that temperature remains on 18～28 ℃, and the intensity of illumination remains on 50,000 to 80,000 lux;

(2) short flower bud differentiation and florescence control stage: after the spring stem of noble dendrobium occurs stopping leaf, keep 8-13 ℃ night temperature 25～60 days; When spring stem of noble dendrobium bud each axil from plant begins to expand, watered water one time in 7～10 days, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn; The N of fertilizer: P: K=10: 30: 20, apply fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, concentration is 1000 times, contains the high phosphate fertilizer of 0.1g;

(3) flowering phase: when bud is elongated to 1cm, the flower forcing of heating, temperature is 18～25 ℃, and weaken intensity of illumination this moment, and intensity of illumination is 3～50,000 lux, and the time length that keeps this temperature and illumination was 4～6 weeks; Watered water one time in 7～10 days simultaneously, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, and water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn, applies fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, and concentration is 1000 times, uses the N of average fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20;

Estimate preceding 2 months of florescence at the spring stem of noble dendrobium, adopt a kind of growth regulator to carry out root irrigation; From during stem of noble dendrobium flower bud germination 10～15 days spring, adopt another kind of growth regulator to carry out root irrigation.

2, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium preceding 2 months, carrying out a kind of growth regulator that root irrigation adopts was 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA.

3, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 2 is characterized in that, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA that root irrigation adopts, and working concentration is 100～200ppm, and the dosage about 100～150ml is adopted in every strain.

4, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 3 is characterized in that, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA that root irrigation adopts, and working concentration is 100ppm when maturity is good.

5, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 3 is characterized in that, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA that root irrigation adopts, and working concentration is 200ppm when the maturity difference.

6, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days, and carrying out the another kind of growth regulator that root irrigation adopted is gibberellin GA3.

7, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the gibberellin GA3 that root irrigation adopted is carried out in during from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days, and concentration is 5～10ppm, and every strain usage amount is 100～150ml.