CN100420758C - High-strength seamless steel pipe with excellent hydrogen-induced cracking resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength seamless steel pipe with excellent hydrogen-induced cracking resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
有优异抗氢致开裂性的高强度无缝钢管,由以下元素组成(以质量%计):C:0.03-0.11%、Si:0.05-0.5%、Mn:0.8-1.6%、P:0.025%或更少、S:0.003%或更少、Ti:0.002-0.017%、Al:0.001-0.10%、Cr:0.05-0.5%、Mo:0.02-0.3%、V:0.02-0.20%、Ca:0.0005-0.005%、N:0.008%或更少以及O(氧):0.004%或更少,余量为Fe和杂质,其特征也在于钢的微观结构为贝氏体和/或马氏体,铁素体沉析到晶界上以及屈服应力为483MPa或更高。此外,为确保钢的高强度,无缝钢管优选含(以质量%计)0.05-0.5%的Cu和0.05-0.5%的Ni中的至少一种。为生产上述钢管,需要限制轧制后的淬火起始温度、冷却速率及回火温度。通过这种配置,可提供具有483MPa或更高的屈服应力以及有优异抗氢致开裂性的无缝钢管,其适合用作管道。
High-strength seamless steel pipe with excellent resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking, consisting of the following elements (in mass%): C: 0.03-0.11%, Si: 0.05-0.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.6%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Ti: 0.002-0.017%, Al: 0.001-0.10%, Cr: 0.05-0.5%, Mo: 0.02-0.3%, V: 0.02-0.20%, Ca: 0.0005 -0.005%, N: 0.008% or less and O (oxygen): 0.004% or less, the balance being Fe and impurities, also characterized in that the microstructure of the steel is bainite and/or martensite, iron The body precipitates onto the grain boundaries and the yield stress is 483 MPa or higher. In addition, in order to ensure high strength of the steel, the seamless steel pipe preferably contains (in mass %) at least one of 0.05-0.5% of Cu and 0.05-0.5% of Ni. In order to produce the above-mentioned steel pipes, it is necessary to limit the quenching start temperature, cooling rate and tempering temperature after rolling. With this configuration, there can be provided a seamless steel pipe having a yield stress of 483 MPa or more and excellent resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking, which is suitable for use as a pipe.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及具有优异抗氢致开裂性能(hydrogen-induced crackingresistance,下面称作“抗HIC性”)的无缝钢管,它用作具有5L-X70等级或比American Petroleum Institute(API)标准更高强度等级的管道钢管。The present invention relates to a seamless steel pipe having excellent hydrogen-induced cracking resistance (hereinafter referred to as "HIC resistance"), which is used as a steel pipe having a grade of 5L-X70 or higher strength than that of the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard grades of pipeline steel pipe.
背景技术 Background technique
近年来,用于原油的油井和用于天然气的气井(在下文中通称为“油井等”)的井内条件变得日益严苛并且原油和天然气的运输是在恶劣环境下进行的。随着水深度的增加,油井等的井内条件趋于含有CO2、H2S、Cl-以及环境中的其它物质,并且原油和天然气中经常包含H2S。In recent years, well conditions in oil wells for crude oil and gas wells for natural gas (hereinafter collectively referred to as "oil wells, etc.") have become increasingly severe and transportation of crude oil and natural gas is performed under harsh environments. With increasing water depth, well conditions in oil wells etc. tend to contain CO2 , H2S , Cl- and other substances in the environment, and crude oil and natural gas often contain H2S .
当油井等处于海底时,随着水深度的增加,在离岸管道钢管要求高强度以及厚的壁厚才能够支撑海底的水压。由于离岸管道钢管处在如此深的海上,因此通常使用无缝不锈钢管。When the oil well is on the seabed, as the water depth increases, the offshore pipeline steel pipe requires high strength and thick wall thickness to support the water pressure on the seabed. Since offshore pipeline steel pipes are in such deep sea, seamless stainless steel pipes are usually used.
在用于运输包含大量H2S的原油或天然气的管道钢管中,不仅由于H2S对钢材料表面的腐蚀,而且由于腐蚀产生的氢吸附到钢内从而导致钢材料的裂痕现象如氢致开裂或氢致起泡等(在下文中通称作“HIC”)。这种HIC与硫化物应力腐蚀开裂不同,后者通常存在于高强度钢中,而前者不取决于外应力,因此认为在不存在外应力的情况下出现HIC。In pipeline steel pipes used to transport crude oil or natural gas containing a large amount of H 2 S, not only due to the corrosion of H 2 S on the surface of steel materials, but also due to the adsorption of hydrogen generated by corrosion into the steel to cause cracks in steel materials such as hydrogen induced Cracking or hydrogen-induced foaming, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "HIC"). This HIC is different from sulfide stress corrosion cracking, which usually exists in high-strength steel, while the former does not depend on external stress, so it is believed that HIC occurs in the absence of external stress.
当这种HIC出现在运输管道中时,将导致管道的破裂事故。结果,由于原油或天然气的泄漏而导致出现大规模的环境破坏。因此,在用于原油或天然气的运输管道中,重要的事情是防止HIC的出现。When this kind of HIC appears in the transportation pipeline, it will lead to the rupture accident of the pipeline. As a result, large-scale environmental damage occurs due to leakage of crude oil or natural gas. Therefore, in a transportation pipeline for crude oil or natural gas, it is important to prevent the occurrence of HIC.
上面提到的HIC是钢材料裂痕现象,即在钢材料的轧制期间在钢中存在的夹杂物如MnS、Al2O3、CaO、CaS在轧制方向变长或压碎成团簇状,吸附进入这些夹杂物与基体钢(matrix steel)之间界面的氢被积聚并气化,累积氢气的气体压力产生了开裂,并且这些开裂在钢内蔓延。The HIC mentioned above is the phenomenon of steel material cracking, that is, the inclusions such as MnS, Al 2 O 3 , CaO, CaS present in the steel during the rolling of the steel material become elongated or crushed into clusters in the rolling direction , the hydrogen adsorbed into the interface between these inclusions and the matrix steel (matrix steel) is accumulated and gasified, the gas pressure of the accumulated hydrogen produces cracks, and these cracks propagate in the steel.
为了防止在钢内表现出这样行为的HIC,有人提议了各种应用于管道钢管中的钢材料。例如,日本专利申请公开S50-97515中提出了这样的用于管道钢管的钢,其中向具有API标准中X42-X80等级强度的钢加入0.2-0.8%的Cu以形成抗腐蚀的膜,由此防止氢被吸入到基体钢中。In order to prevent HIC exhibiting such behavior in steel, various steel materials for use in pipeline steel pipes have been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S50-97515 proposes steel for pipeline steel pipes in which 0.2-0.8% of Cu is added to steel having a strength of grade X42-X80 in API standards to form a corrosion-resistant film, whereby Prevents hydrogen from being absorbed into the base steel.
此外,日本专利申请公开S53-106318中提出了一种用于管道钢管的钢材料,其中将超过0.005-0.020或更小%的Ca(这是较大量)加入到钢中,而且通过Ca处理的形状控制(shape control)使钢内的夹杂物(MnS)球形化,由此减少了开裂敏感性。甚至目前抗HIC性钢也是在这些建议技术的基础上制备的。Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open S53-106318 proposes a steel material for pipeline steel pipes in which more than 0.005-0.020% or less of Ca (which is a relatively large amount) is added to the steel, and the Ca-treated Shape control spheroidizes inclusions (MnS) in the steel, thereby reducing crack susceptibility. Even current HIC-resistant steels are prepared on the basis of these proposed techniques.
此外,因为抗HIC性钢主要应用于原油和天然气的运输管道中,因此可焊接性很重要。因此,低碳钢应用到抗HIC性钢中,但是由于钢的含碳量低而难于获得高强度钢。另一方面,如上所述,用户需要高强度材料。因此,为了满足需求,经常实行下述步骤:在通过热轧将钢管精轧后,将钢管加热并淬火,随后进行回火。In addition, because HIC-resistant steels are mainly used in crude oil and natural gas transportation pipelines, weldability is important. Therefore, low-carbon steel is used in HIC-resistant steel, but it is difficult to obtain high-strength steel due to the low carbon content of the steel. On the other hand, as mentioned above, users require high-strength materials. Therefore, in order to meet the demand, a step of heating and quenching the steel pipe after finish rolling the steel pipe by hot rolling, followed by tempering is often carried out.
对轧制钢管进行的这种淬火和回火处理对于避免其中易于出现HIC的铁素体和珠光体的带状微结构是有效的。This quenching and tempering treatment of rolled steel pipes is effective in avoiding the banded microstructure of ferrite and pearlite in which HIC tends to occur.
如上所述,在用于管道钢管的钢材料中,可焊接性很重要,并且要求高强度。因此,在热轧之后,轧制钢管通常进行淬火和回火。此外,在无缝钢管生产中,从抑制设备成本增长和生产效率的观点考虑,在没有将精轧钢管冷却到Ar3点的情况下,考虑通过使管道轧制线直接与热处理线连接(下文有时仅称为“在线淬火/回火(QT)”)而在均热之后采用应用淬火和回火的处理。As described above, among steel materials used for pipeline steel pipes, weldability is important, and high strength is required. Therefore, after hot rolling, the rolled steel pipe is usually quenched and tempered. In addition, in the production of seamless steel pipes, from the standpoint of suppressing the increase in equipment cost and production efficiency, it is considered to connect the pipe rolling line directly to the heat treatment line without cooling the finish-rolled steel pipe to the Ar 3 point (hereinafter Sometimes referred to simply as "in-line quenching/tempering (QT)"), a treatment that applies quenching and tempering is employed after soaking.
因此,为了改善用于管道钢管的高强度钢材料的抗HIC性,在通过使用先前提出的其中夹杂物(MnS)通过Ca处理来进行形状控制的钢进行热轧后没有将轧制钢管冷却到Ar3点的情况下,高强度材料的无缝钢管通过匀热后的淬火及回火来生产。然而,观测到出现了表现为晶间断裂形式的HIC。因此,即使上述日本专利申请公开S53-106318等中建议的抗HIC性钢应用于高强度钢中,抗HIC性也不一定能改善。Therefore, in order to improve the HIC resistance of high-strength steel materials used for pipeline steel pipes, the rolled steel pipes were not cooled to In the case of Ar 3 , seamless steel pipes made of high-strength materials are produced by quenching and tempering after soaking. However, HIC in the form of intergranular fractures was observed. Therefore, even if the HIC-resistant steel suggested in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open S53-106318 and the like is applied to high-strength steel, the HIC resistance does not necessarily improve.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明是对具有高强度和抗HIC性的无缝钢管的生产进行探索后取得的,因此本发明目的是提供一种可以表现出优异抗HIC性的高强度无缝钢管及其生产方法。The present invention was obtained after searching for the production of a seamless steel pipe having high strength and HIC resistance, and therefore an object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength seamless steel pipe which can exhibit excellent HIC resistance and a production method thereof.
为解决上述问题,本发明人整理了有关在管道钢管中出现的HIC行为的知识。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors compiled knowledge about HIC behavior occurring in pipeline steel pipes.
如上述说明的那样,HIC是由氢致破裂或氢致起泡引起的钢破裂,它是由以下的事实产生的:由腐蚀产生的氢吸收进入钢中,而且在钢中的夹杂物与基体钢之间的界面上累积并气化,并且这种气体压力增加到超过钢的屈服强度从而产生裂缝,裂缝又在钢中蔓延。As explained above, HIC is cracking of steel caused by hydrogen-induced cracking or hydrogen-induced blistering, which is produced by the fact that the hydrogen generated by corrosion absorbs into the steel and the inclusions in the steel are separated from the matrix. Gas builds up and vaporizes at the interface between the steels, and the pressure of this gas increases beyond the yield strength of the steel to create cracks, which in turn propagate through the steel.
因此,在传统的技术方面,例如,进行夹杂物的形状控制等以使所吸收氢几乎不能气化。然而,对于具有API的5L-X70或更高等级的高强度钢,所有HIC的开始点都不是在夹杂物上,而是,HIC裂纹表现出类似硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的破裂,而且能够表现出晶间断裂的形式。Therefore, in conventional techniques, for example, shape control of inclusions and the like are performed so that absorbed hydrogen is hardly gasified. However, for high-strength steels with API grade 5L-X70 or higher, all HIC initiation points are not on the inclusions, but rather, HIC cracks exhibit ruptures similar to sulfide stress corrosion cracking and can exhibit form of intergranular fracture.
因此,进一步研究钢的抗HIC性与其淬火微观结构方面的关系。结果,最近发现即使在贝氏体和/或马氏体的淬火微观结构方面,通过将铁素体沉析到晶界以防止晶界脆性,并且即使在钢中出现细裂缝,裂缝的蔓延也可以抑制,由此获得具有优异抗HIC性的无缝钢管。Therefore, the relationship between the HIC resistance of steel and its quenched microstructure is further studied. As a result, it has recently been found that even in the quenched microstructure of bainite and/or martensite, grain boundary brittleness is prevented by precipitating ferrite to grain boundaries, and even if fine cracks occur in steel, the propagation of cracks can be suppressed, thereby obtaining a seamless steel pipe having excellent HIC resistance.
本发明基于以上所述的知识完成,本发明的要点是下列高强度无缝钢管(1)和(2)以及所述高强度无缝钢管的下列生产方法(3)。The present invention has been accomplished based on the knowledge described above, and the gist of the present invention is the following high-strength seamless steel pipes (1) and (2) and the following production method (3) of the high-strength seamless steel pipes.
(1)一种有优异抗HIC性的高强度无缝钢管,其特征在于由以下组成(以质量%计):C:0.03-0.11%、Si:0.05-0.5%、Mn:0.8-1.6%,P:0.025%或更少,S:0.003%或更少,Ti:0.002-0.017%,Al:0.001-0.1%,Cr:0.05-0.5%,Mo:0.02-0.3%,V:0.02-0.20%,Ca:0.0005-0.005%,N:0.008%或更少以及O(氧):0.004%或更少,余量为Fe和杂质,其特征也在于钢的微观结构为贝氏体和/或马氏体,铁素体沉析到晶界上,而屈服应力为483MPa或更高。(1) A high-strength seamless steel pipe with excellent HIC resistance, characterized in that it consists of the following (in mass%): C: 0.03-0.11%, Si: 0.05-0.5%, Mn: 0.8-1.6% , P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Ti: 0.002-0.017%, Al: 0.001-0.1%, Cr: 0.05-0.5%, Mo: 0.02-0.3%, V: 0.02-0.20 %, Ca: 0.0005-0.005%, N: 0.008% or less and O (oxygen): 0.004% or less, the balance being Fe and impurities, also characterized in that the microstructure of the steel is bainite and/or Martensite, ferrite precipitates to the grain boundary, and the yield stress is 483MPa or higher.
(2)除上述提到的无缝钢管(1)之外的一种高强度无缝钢管,它还优选包含(以质量%计)至少一种0.05-0.5%的Cu和0.05-0.5%的Ni。(2) A high-strength seamless steel pipe other than the above-mentioned seamless steel pipe (1), which preferably also contains (by mass %) at least one of 0.05-0.5% of Cu and 0.05-0.5% of Ni.
(3)一种抗HIC性优异的高强度无缝钢管的生产方法,其特征在于具有上述(1)和(2)中所述组成的钢坯通过热轧成为无缝钢管之后,所述无缝钢管立即匀热,然后在(Ar3点+50℃)到1100℃的淬火起始温度下并且以5℃/秒或更高的冷却速率冷却,然后所述无缝钢管在550℃到Ac1点回火,由此生产出这样的一种无缝钢管:钢的微观结构为贝氏体和/或马氏体,铁素体沉析到晶界上,而屈服应力为483MPa或更高。(3) A method for producing a high-strength seamless steel pipe excellent in HIC resistance, characterized in that after the billet having the composition described in (1) and (2) above is hot-rolled into a seamless steel pipe, the seamless The steel pipe is immediately uniformly heated, and then cooled at a quenching start temperature of (Ar 3 point + 50°C) to 1100°C and at a cooling rate of 5°C/s or higher, and then the seamless steel pipe is cooled at 550°C to Ac 1 Point tempering, thus producing such a seamless steel pipe: the microstructure of steel is bainite and/or martensite, ferrite precipitates on the grain boundary, and the yield stress is 483MPa or higher.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1所示为抗HIC性较差的无缝钢管的微观结构照片;和Figure 1 shows a photograph of the microstructure of a seamless steel pipe with poor HIC resistance; and
图2所示为抗HIC性优异的无缝钢管的微观结构照片。Fig. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of a seamless steel pipe with excellent HIC resistance.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面将解释如本发明上面所述的那些限定化学组成的原因、钢管的微观结构以及生产方法。首先,描述限定本发明的无缝钢管化学组成的原因。在下面的描述中,化学组成用质量%表示。The reasons for limiting the chemical composition, the microstructure of the steel pipe, and the production method as those described above in the present invention will be explained below. First, the reason for limiting the chemical composition of the seamless steel pipe of the present invention will be described. In the following description, the chemical composition is represented by mass %.
1.钢的化学组成1. Chemical composition of steel
C:0.03-0.11%C: 0.03-0.11%
C(碳)是改善钢的可淬性和提高强度的必要元素。当C含量小于0.03%时,可淬性降低,而且高强度难于保证。另一方面,当C含量超过0.11%时,在应用QT的情况下,钢趋向于具有完全淬火的微观结构如贝氏体和/或马氏体等,因而不仅钢的抗HIC性降低,而且可焊接性也降低。C (carbon) is an essential element for improving hardenability and increasing strength of steel. When the C content is less than 0.03%, hardenability is reduced, and high strength is difficult to ensure. On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 0.11%, in the case of applying QT, the steel tends to have a fully quenched microstructure such as bainite and/or martensite, etc., so that not only the HIC resistance of the steel decreases, but also Solderability is also reduced.
Si:0.05-0.5%Si: 0.05-0.5%
Si(硅)是为了钢的脱氧目的而加入到钢中的,它有助于提高强度和提高钢在回火期间的抗软化性。为了获得这些效果,需要加入0.05%或更多的Si。然而,因为加入过量的Si会降低钢的柔韧性,所以Si的含量设定为0.5%或更少。Si (silicon) is added to the steel for the purpose of deoxidizing the steel, and it contributes to increasing the strength and improving the softening resistance of the steel during tempering. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to add 0.05% or more of Si. However, the Si content is set at 0.5% or less because adding an excessive amount of Si reduces the flexibility of the steel.
Mn:0.8-1.6%Mn: 0.8-1.6%
Mn(锰)是一种用于提高钢的可淬性来提高其强度以及提高钢的热加工性的有效元素。特别地,为了提高钢的热加工性,必须加入0.8%或更多的Mn。然而,因为加入过量的Mn会降低钢的柔韧性和可焊接性,所以Mn的含量设定为1.6%或更少。Mn (manganese) is an element effective for increasing the hardenability of steel to increase its strength and improving the hot workability of steel. In particular, in order to improve the hot workability of steel, it is necessary to add 0.8% or more of Mn. However, the content of Mn is set at 1.6% or less because the addition of an excessive amount of Mn reduces the flexibility and weldability of the steel.
P:0.025%或更少P: 0.025% or less
P(磷)在钢中作为杂质存在。因为P在晶界上的偏析降低钢的柔韧性,所以P含量设定为0.025%或更少。P含量优选0.015%或更少,更优选0.009%或更少。P (phosphorus) exists as an impurity in steel. The P content is set at 0.025% or less because the segregation of P on grain boundaries reduces the flexibility of the steel. The P content is preferably 0.015% or less, more preferably 0.009% or less.
S:0.003%或更少S: 0.003% or less
S(硫)在钢中作为杂质存在。因为S产生硫化物如MnS等,而且降低抗HIC性,所以S含量设定为0.003%或更少。S含量优选0.002%或更少,更优选0.001%或更少。S (sulfur) exists as an impurity in steel. Since S generates sulfides such as MnS and the like and lowers the HIC resistance, the S content is set to 0.003% or less. The S content is preferably 0.002% or less, more preferably 0.001% or less.
Ti:0.002-0.017%Ti: 0.002-0.017%
Ti(钛)是有效地防止钢坯裂缝的元素。为了表现该作用,Ti的含量需要为0.002%或更多。另一方面,因为加入过量的Ti会降低钢的柔韧性,所以Ti含量设定为0.017%或更少,并且优选0.010%或更少。Ti (titanium) is an element effective in preventing slab cracks. In order to exhibit this effect, the content of Ti needs to be 0.002% or more. On the other hand, the Ti content is set at 0.017% or less, and preferably 0.010% or less, because adding an excessive amount of Ti reduces the flexibility of the steel.
Al:0.001-0.10%Al: 0.001-0.10%
Al(铝)是用于钢的脱氧的必需元素。当Al含量太小时,脱氧变得不充分,并且在钢坯上产生表面缺陷,劣化了钢的性能。因此,Al含量设定为0.001%或更多。另一方面,因为加入过量的Al会在钢坯中产生裂缝,这将导致钢性能变差。因此Al含量设定为0.10%或更少,并优选0.040%或更少。Al (aluminum) is an essential element for deoxidation of steel. When the Al content is too small, deoxidation becomes insufficient, and surface defects are generated on the slab, deteriorating the properties of the steel. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.001% or more. On the other hand, since excessive addition of Al will cause cracks in the steel slab, this will lead to deterioration of the properties of the steel. Therefore the Al content is set at 0.10% or less, and preferably 0.040% or less.
Cr:0.05-0.5%Cr: 0.05-0.5%
Cr(铬)是用于提高钢强度的元素。通过添加0.05%或更多的Cr可以获得显著效果。然而,因为即使过量加入Cr,该效果也只能饱和在一定水平上,所以Cr含量设定为0.5%或更少。Cr (chromium) is an element used to increase the strength of steel. A remarkable effect can be obtained by adding 0.05% or more of Cr. However, since the effect can only be saturated to a certain level even if Cr is added in excess, the Cr content is set at 0.5% or less.
Mo:0.02-0.3%Mo: 0.02-0.3%
Mo(钼)是用于提高钢强度的元素。添加0.02%或更多的Mo可以获得显著效果。然而,因为即使过量加入Mo,该效果也只能饱和在一定水平上,所以Mo含量设定为0.3%或更少。Mo (molybdenum) is an element for increasing the strength of steel. Adding 0.02% or more of Mo can achieve a remarkable effect. However, since the effect is saturated only to a certain level even if Mo is added in excess, the Mo content is set at 0.3% or less.
V:0.02-0.20%V: 0.02-0.20%
V(钒)是用于提高钢强度的元素。通过添加0.02%或更多的V可以获得显著效果。然而,因为即使过量加入V,该效果也只能饱和在一定水平上,所以V含量设定为0.20%或更少,优选0.09%或更少。V (vanadium) is an element for increasing the strength of steel. A remarkable effect can be obtained by adding 0.02% or more of V. However, since the effect is saturated only to a certain level even if V is added in excess, the V content is set at 0.20% or less, preferably 0.09% or less.
Ca:0.0005-0.005%Ca: 0.0005-0.005%
Ca(钙)用于夹杂物形状控制。通过圆化MnS夹杂物来提高抗HIC性,Ca含量需要0.0005%或更多。另一方面,当Ca含量超过0.005%时,该效果将饱和,不可能有进一步的效果。另外,Ca夹杂物趋向于成团以致抗HIC性下降。因此,Ca含量的上限设定为0.005%。Ca (calcium) is used for inclusion shape control. To improve HIC resistance by rounding MnS inclusions, Ca content needs to be 0.0005% or more. On the other hand, when the Ca content exceeds 0.005%, the effect is saturated and no further effect is possible. In addition, Ca inclusions tend to cluster so that HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ca content is set to 0.005%.
N:0.008%或更少N: 0.008% or less
N(氮)在钢中作为杂质存在。当N含量增加时,在钢坯上产生裂缝以致钢性能变差。因此N含量设定为0.008%或更少。优选N含量为0.006%或更少。N (nitrogen) exists as an impurity in steel. When the N content increases, cracks are generated on the slab so that the properties of the steel deteriorate. Therefore the N content is set at 0.008% or less. The preferred N content is 0.006% or less.
O(氧):0.004%或更少O (oxygen): 0.004% or less
O含量意味着可在钢中溶解的氧以及在氧化物夹杂物中氧的总含量。这种氧含量基本上与在充分脱氧的钢中氧化物夹杂物中的氧含量相同。因此,当O含量增加时,在钢中的氧化物夹杂物将增加,从而降低了抗HIC性。因此,O含量越小越好,所以O含量设定为0.004%或更少。The O content means the total content of oxygen soluble in steel and oxygen in oxide inclusions. This oxygen content is essentially the same as in oxide inclusions in fully deoxidized steel. Therefore, when the O content increases, the oxide inclusions in the steel will increase, thereby reducing the HIC resistance. Therefore, the smaller the O content, the better, so the O content is set at 0.004% or less.
Cu(铜):0.05-0.5%,Ni(镍):0.05-0.5%Cu (copper): 0.05-0.5%, Ni (nickel): 0.05-0.5%
这些元素都是用于提高钢强度的元素。因此,当应该保证钢强度时,可以包含这两种元素中的一种或两种。Cu、Ni含量都是0.05%或更多时,该效果变得明显。然而,即使过量加入两元素中的任一种,该效果也都会饱和,所以每种元素的含量都设定为0.5%或更少。These elements are elements for increasing the strength of steel. Therefore, one or both of these two elements may be contained when the steel strength should be ensured. This effect becomes remarkable when both Cu and Ni contents are 0.05% or more. However, even if either of the two elements is excessively added, the effect is saturated, so the content of each element is set to 0.5% or less.
Nb:Nb(铌)含量对钢的抗HIC性和强度不会有影响。因此Nb元素可以当做杂质元素考虑,并且它的含量在本发明中也没有限定。然而,当Nb含量超过0.1%时,一些不希望的效果如钢的柔韧性劣化将变得很明显。因此Nb含量范围优选0.1%或更少。Nb: Nb (niobium) content has no effect on the HIC resistance and strength of the steel. Therefore, Nb element can be considered as an impurity element, and its content is not limited in the present invention. However, when the Nb content exceeds 0.1%, some undesired effects such as deterioration of flexibility of the steel become apparent. Therefore, the Nb content range is preferably 0.1% or less.
2.钢管微观结构和它的生产方法2. Steel pipe microstructure and its production method
在本发明的无缝钢管中,通过使用如上面提到的化学组成所示的相对较低C的钢,钢管微观结构必须是淬火微观结构如贝氏体和/或马氏体,以保证5L-X70或更高等级的强度。为了获得该微观结构,优选应用在线QT。In the seamless steel pipe of the present invention, by using relatively low C steel as indicated by the chemical composition mentioned above, the microstructure of the steel pipe must be a quenched microstructure such as bainite and/or martensite to ensure 5L -X70 strength or higher. In order to obtain this microstructure, online QT is preferably applied.
然而,因为只有贝氏体和/或马氏体完全淬火的微观结构趋向于产生HIC(该HIC体现为一种晶间断裂形式如硫化物应力腐蚀开裂),所以在晶界上沉析铁素体很重要。However, since fully quenched microstructures with only bainite and/or martensite tend to produce HIC (which manifests as a form of intergranular fracture such as sulfide stress corrosion cracking), precipitation of ferrite at grain boundaries Body matters.
在本发明中,铁素体沉析到贝氏体和/或马氏体的晶界上具有防止HIC产生的作用,该HIC体现为一种晶间断裂的形式如硫化物应力腐蚀裂缝,同时保证了5L-X70或更高等级的强度。In the present invention, the precipitation of ferrite on the grain boundaries of bainite and/or martensite has the effect of preventing the generation of HIC, which is manifested as a form of intergranular fracture such as sulfide stress corrosion cracking, and at the same time 5L-X70 or higher strength is guaranteed.
图1所示为抗HIC性较差的无缝钢管的微观结构照片。图1的微观结构是由奈塔尔硝酸乙醇腐蚀液蚀刻的结构,它体现贝氏体和/或马氏体完全淬火微观结构,在其中可以清楚地识别在先的奥氏体晶界。在这种微观结构的情况下,趋向于产生表现为晶间断裂形式如硫化物应力腐蚀开裂形式的HIC。Figure 1 shows a photo of the microstructure of seamless steel pipes with poor HIC resistance. The microstructure in Figure 1 is a structure etched by Nital etchant, which exhibits a fully quenched microstructure of bainite and/or martensite in which prior austenite grain boundaries can be clearly identified. In the case of this microstructure, HIC tends to develop in the form of intergranular fractures such as sulfide stress corrosion cracking.
相反,图2所示为涉及本发明的具有优异抗HIC性的无缝钢管的微观结构照片。与图1一样,图2所示为由奈塔尔硝酸乙醇腐蚀液蚀刻的微观结构。因为铁素体相在晶界上产生,所以在微观结构中原有奥氏体晶界是不清晰的。在这种微观结构的情况下,就不会发生表现为晶间断裂形式的HIC。In contrast, FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the microstructure of a seamless steel pipe having excellent HIC resistance related to the present invention. Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 shows the microstructure etched by Nital etching solution. Because the ferrite phase is produced at the grain boundaries, the original austenite grain boundaries are not clear in the microstructure. In the case of this microstructure, HIC in the form of intergranular fractures does not occur.
在本发明中,使用包含本发明限定的化学组成的钢坯作为材料的同时,通过限定上述微观结构可以获得在目标性能即抗HIC性方面优异的无缝钢管。下面示出一种用于获得无缝钢管的优选制备方法,该方法同时地满足微观结构和高强度。In the present invention, a seamless steel pipe excellent in target performance, ie, HIC resistance, can be obtained by defining the above microstructure while using a steel slab containing the chemical composition defined in the present invention as a material. A preferred production method for obtaining a seamless steel pipe satisfying microstructure and high strength simultaneously is shown below.
也就是说,通过热加工使钢坯加热并将其精轧成为钢管形状之后,所获得钢管在没有将它冷却到Ar3点的情况下使用均热炉立即匀热处理到(Ar3点+50℃)的温度或更高,然后淬火。That is, after heating the billet by hot working and finishing rolling it into the shape of a steel pipe, the obtained steel pipe is immediately homogenized to (Ar 3 point + 50°C) using a soaking furnace without cooling it to Ar 3 point ) temperature or higher, then quenched.
当淬火的起始温度小于(Ar3点+50℃)时,强度产生变化。另一方面,当淬火的起始温度增加时,钢管的柔韧性显著降低。因此,淬火的起始温度必须是1100℃或更低,因此,淬火的起始温度设定为(Ar3点+50℃)到1100℃。When the starting temperature of quenching is less than (Ar 3 point + 50°C), the strength changes. On the other hand, when the starting temperature of quenching increases, the flexibility of the steel pipe decreases significantly. Therefore, the starting temperature of quenching must be 1100°C or lower, and therefore, the starting temperature of quenching is set from (Ar 3 point + 50°C) to 1100°C.
精轧钢管的淬火通过将其冷却到例如室温进行,同时保持5℃/秒的冷却速率。当淬火期间的冷却速率小于5℃/秒时,不能够保证获得需要强度所需要的包含马氏体和贝氏体的微观结构。因此,应保持5℃/秒或更高的冷却速率。Quenching of the finish-rolled steel pipe is performed by cooling it to, for example, room temperature while maintaining a cooling rate of 5°C/sec. When the cooling rate during quenching is less than 5°C/sec, the microstructure including martensite and bainite required for required strength cannot be ensured. Therefore, a cooling rate of 5°C/sec or higher should be maintained.
为了防止受热影响的焊接区域的强度降低,需要550℃或更高的回火温度。然而,当回火温度超过Ac1点时,钢管的强度降低。因此,回火必须在550℃到Ac1点的温度条件下完成。A tempering temperature of 550° C. or higher is required in order to prevent the strength reduction of the welded area affected by heat. However, when the tempering temperature exceeds Ac 1 point, the strength of the steel pipe decreases. Therefore, tempering must be done at a temperature of 550°C to Ac 1 point.
本发明对于直到由原材料钢坯精轧成钢管的生产步骤没有限制。作为备选方案,(例如)通过采用如曼内斯曼芯棒式无缝管轧机(Mannesmann-mandrel mill)加工由连铸机浇铸的钢坯或加热铸件之后通过在初轧机中轧制获得的钢坯,和通过穿孔机如斜轧机获得的空心管坯。在芯棒插入到管中进行轧制后,使用定径机或减径机来进行精轧。The present invention is not limited to the production steps up to finish rolling of a steel billet from a raw material into a steel pipe. As an alternative, for example, by processing a slab cast by a continuous caster using, for example, a Mannesmann-mandrel mill or by heating a slab obtained by rolling in a blooming mill after casting , and hollow tube blanks obtained by piercing machines such as skew rolling mills. After the mandrel is inserted into the tube for rolling, a sizing mill or a reducing mill is used for finish rolling.
注意,即使在除本发明所述(3)中描述的生产方式以外的生产方法中,具有本发明所述(1)和(2)中限定的化学组成和微观结构的无缝钢管也可以获得本发明的抗HIC性。Note that even in production methods other than the production method described in (3) described in the present invention, seamless steel pipes having the chemical composition and microstructure defined in (1) and (2) described in the present invention can be obtained HIC Resistance of the Invention.
(实施例1)(Example 1)
具有表1所示化学组成的一些种类的钢通过转炉熔化。由连铸生产的钢坯加热到1100℃或更高,然后通过使用翻钢辊穿孔机获得空心管坯。这些空心管坯通过芯棒式轧机和定径机精轧成钢管。然后,在钢管没有冷却到Ar3点或更低的情况下,这些钢管在950℃下匀热,并进行淬火和回火处理,从而生产出无缝钢管。钢管尺寸及热处理条件在表2示出。在这种情况下,冷却速率设定为30℃/秒。Some kinds of steels having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 were melted by a converter. The billet produced by continuous casting is heated to 1100°C or higher, and then a hollow billet is obtained by using a turning roll piercer. These hollow tube blanks are finished rolled into steel pipes through a mandrel mill and a sizing mill. Then, without cooling the steel pipes to the Ar 3 point or lower, these steel pipes were uniformly heated at 950°C, and subjected to quenching and tempering treatments, thereby producing seamless steel pipes. Steel pipe dimensions and heat treatment conditions are shown in Table 2. In this case, the cooling rate was set at 30°C/sec.
从所获的钢管中制备JIS 12的拉伸测试样品用于拉伸测试,测定拉伸强度(TS)及屈服强度(YS)。注意拉伸测试根据JIS Z 2241进行。A tensile test sample of JIS 12 was prepared from the obtained steel pipe for tensile testing, and tensile strength (TS) and yield strength (YS) were determined. Note Tensile testing is performed according to JIS Z 2241.
此外,取厚度为12~20mm、宽为20mm、长为100mm的样品用于抗HIC测试。样品在饱和有H2S的0.5%CH3COOH-5%NaCl的水溶液中(温度为25℃,pH=2.7-4.0,通常所说的NACE环境)浸泡大约96小时,并且测量裂缝面积比率(CAR(%))。这些结果在表2示出。In addition, samples with a thickness of 12-20 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a length of 100 mm were taken for the HIC resistance test. The sample was soaked for about 96 hours in an aqueous solution of 0.5% CH 3 COOH-5% NaCl saturated with H 2 S (temperature is 25° C., pH=2.7-4.0, commonly referred to as NACE environment), and the fracture area ratio ( CAR (%)). These results are shown in Table 2.
此外,在抗HIC性测试之后,切掉HIC测试样品的横截面并且通过光学显微镜观察它们的微观结构。获得的观测结果在表2示出。In addition, after the HIC resistance test, cross-sections of the HIC test samples were cut out and their microstructures were observed by an optical microscope. Observations obtained are shown in Table 2.
从表2可以看出,根据本发明实施例的所有编号1~14的钢都满足5L-X70等级的强度,并且具有CAR=0%的优异状态。It can be seen from Table 2 that all the steels numbered 1-14 according to the embodiment of the present invention meet the strength of 5L-X70 grade, and have an excellent state of CAR=0%.
另一方面,在比较实施例中编号15的钢具有超出本发明所限定范围的C和O含量,而且铁素体没有沉析到界面上,由此获得CAR=12.6%的劣化结果。而且编号16的钢中C含量也超出了本发明的规定值,并且铁素体在晶界上也不存在,因而获得CAR=7.9%的劣化结果。On the other hand, steel No. 15 in Comparative Example had C and O contents outside the range defined by the present invention, and ferrite was not precipitated on the interface, thereby obtaining a deterioration result of CAR = 12.6%. Moreover, the C content in steel No. 16 also exceeds the specified value of the present invention, and ferrite does not exist on the grain boundary, so the deterioration result of CAR=7.9% is obtained.
此外,在比较实施例中编号17的钢具有超出本发明规定值的O含量,而且由于夹杂物而导致获得CAR=6.2%的劣化结果。编号18的钢具有超出本发明规定值范围的Ca含量,而且由于夹杂物而导致CAR=3.6%的劣化结果。In addition, the steel No. 17 in the comparative example had an O content exceeding the specified value of the present invention, and a deterioration result of CAR=6.2% was obtained due to inclusions. Steel No. 18 had a Ca content outside the specified value range of the present invention, and resulted in deterioration of CAR = 3.6% due to inclusions.
在比较实施例中,编号19的钢中的Mn含量超出了本发明的规定值范围,并且铁素体在界面上不存在,由此获得CAR=10.8%的劣化结果。此外,编号20的钢中C含量超出了本发明的规定值范围,因此即使有CAR=0%的优异结果,也不能满足5L-X70等级的强度。In the comparative example, the Mn content in steel No. 19 was out of the specified value range of the present invention, and ferrite did not exist at the interface, thereby obtaining a deterioration result of CAR = 10.8%. In addition, the C content in the No. 20 steel is beyond the specified value range of the present invention, so even if there is an excellent result of CAR=0%, it cannot meet the strength of 5L-X70 grade.
此外,在比较实施例中编号21的钢的Ca含量超出了本发明的规定值,而且由于夹杂物导致获得CAR=9.4%的劣化结果。Furthermore, the Ca content of the steel No. 21 in the comparative example exceeded the prescribed value of the present invention, and a deterioration result of CAR = 9.4% was obtained due to inclusions.
(实施例2)(Example 2)
为了证实热处理条件的效果,在表1中编号3的钢通过转炉熔化,并且将通过连铸生产的钢坯加热到1100℃或更高,然后通过使用斜轧机获得空心管坯。该空心管坯通过芯棒式无缝管轧机和定径机精轧成钢管。然后钢管在920℃到20℃的范围内冷却,并且通过改变冷却起始温度、冷却速率和回火温度生产出无缝钢管。生产的钢管的尺寸和热处理条件如表3所示。在这种情况下,编号3测试钢的Ar3点为768℃,而其Ac1点为745℃。In order to confirm the effect of heat treatment conditions, steel No. 3 in Table 1 was melted by a converter, and the slab produced by continuous casting was heated to 1100° C. or higher, and then a hollow billet was obtained by using a skew rolling mill. The hollow tube blank is finished rolled into a steel tube through a mandrel type seamless tube rolling mill and a sizing mill. Then the steel pipe is cooled in the range of 920°C to 20°C, and a seamless steel pipe is produced by changing the cooling start temperature, cooling rate and tempering temperature. The dimensions and heat treatment conditions of the produced steel pipes are shown in Table 3. In this case, the Ar 3 point of test steel No. 3 was 768°C, while its Ac 1 point was 745°C.
如同实施例1那样,制备JIS 12的拉伸测试样品用于拉伸测试,测量拉伸强度(TS)及屈服强度(YS)。Like embodiment 1, the tensile test sample of preparation JIS 12 is used for tensile test, measures tensile strength (TS) and yield strength (YS).
此外,抗HIC性测试在与实施例1相同的条件下进行,并且测量了裂缝面积比率(CAR(%))。此外,在抗HIC性测试之后,切割掉HIC测试样品的横截面,然后通过光学显微镜观察其微观结构。这些结果在表3示出。In addition, the HIC resistance test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the crack area ratio (CAR (%)) was measured. In addition, after the HIC resistance test, the cross-section of the HIC test sample was cut out, and then its microstructure was observed through an optical microscope. These results are shown in Table 3.
从表3结果看出,依照本发明实施例的测试编号22~28的钢满足本发明所规定的热处理条件,并且实施例的所有钢都满足5L-X70等级的强度,而且具有CAR=0%的优异状态。Find out from table 3 result, according to the steel of test number 22~28 of the embodiment of the present invention satisfy the heat treatment condition that the present invention stipulates, and all steels of embodiment all satisfy the intensity of 5L-X70 grade, and have CAR=0% excellent condition.
另一方面,在比较实施例中测试编号29的钢采用了超出本发明规定值范围的淬火温度,并且在晶界上没有铁素体沉析,由此而获得CAR=7.4%的劣化结果。测试编号30的钢也采用超出本发明规定值范围的回火温度,而且强度不能满足5L-X70等级。On the other hand, the steel of Test No. 29 in the comparative example was subjected to a quenching temperature outside the specified range of the present invention, and there was no ferrite precipitation at the grain boundary, thereby obtaining a deterioration result of CAR=7.4%. The steel of test number 30 also adopts a tempering temperature exceeding the specified value range of the present invention, and its strength cannot meet the 5L-X70 grade.
此外,在比较实施例中,测试编号31的钢采用超出本发明规定值范围的冷却速率,而且钢的微观结构是铁素体-珠光体微观结构,由此,钢强度不能满足5L-X70等级。In addition, in the comparative example, the steel of test number 31 adopts a cooling rate exceeding the specified value range of the present invention, and the microstructure of the steel is a ferrite-pearlite microstructure, thus, the steel strength cannot satisfy the 5L-X70 grade .
此外,由于在测试编号32的钢中的淬火起始温度小于(Ar3点+50℃),因而钢强度不能满足5L-X70等级。Furthermore, since the quenching initiation temperature in the steel of Test No. 32 was less than (Ar 3 point + 50° C.), the steel strength could not satisfy the 5L-X70 grade.
此外,在比较实施例中,测试编号33的钢不能确保550℃或更高的回火温度,因而要进行额外的焊接测试,并且发现在受焊接热影响的区域的强度下降。Furthermore, in Comparative Example, the steel of Test No. 33 could not secure a tempering temperature of 550° C. or higher, and thus an additional welding test was performed, and it was found that the strength decreased in a region affected by welding heat.
工业适用性Industrial applicability
在根据本发明的无缝钢管及其生产方法中,规定了钢的化学组成、钢的微观结构及在钢中晶界上铁素体的沉析。因此,所述钢可以获得高强度以及稳定性、优异的抗HIC性。此外,通过规定应用在线QT情况下的条件,在热处理过程的成本降低或费用节省以及改善生产率的情况下,可以提供具有优异抗HIC性和483 MPa或更高的高屈服应力的管道。因此,本发明的无缝钢管及其生产方法可以广泛地应用于要求有优异抗HIC性的高强度无缝钢管的技术领域。In the seamless steel pipe and its production method according to the present invention, the chemical composition of the steel, the microstructure of the steel, and the precipitation of ferrite at grain boundaries in the steel are specified. Therefore, the steel can obtain high strength and stability, excellent HIC resistance. In addition, by specifying the conditions in the case of applying in-line QT, it is possible to provide a pipe having excellent HIC resistance and a high yield stress of 483 MPa or more with cost reduction or expense saving in the heat treatment process and improvement in productivity. Therefore, the seamless steel pipe and its production method of the present invention can be widely used in technical fields requiring high-strength seamless steel pipe excellent in HIC resistance.
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CN109477189A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2019-03-15 | 瓦卢莱克德国有限公司 | Micro alloyed steel and the method for being used to prepare the steel |
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