CN100419025C - A kind of water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional polymer composite material capable of absorbing and retaining water and slow-releasing chemical fertilizers and a preparation method thereof. A water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material is characterized in that it is mainly formed by mixing and foaming polymer water-absorbing agents, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, inorganic phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, and polyurethane flexible foam materials. The weight percent of the raw materials is: 10-40% of the polymer water-absorbing agent, 5-20% of the polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, 2.5-10% of the inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, 2.5-10% of the potassium fertilizer, and 50-51% of the flexible polyurethane foam material. The invention has the characteristics of not only being able to absorb and retain water, but also being able to release chemical fertilizers slowly.

Description

A kind of water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a multifunctional polymer composite material capable of absorbing water, retaining water, and releasing chemical fertilizers slowly and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Desertification is one of the serious environmental problems faced by human society in the 21st century. In my country's arid and semi-arid areas, nearly 400 million people are harmed by desertification. The prevention and control of desertification has been widely concerned by the international community. Soil water storage, fertilization, and fertilizer conservation in desertified land have become two key issues that need to be resolved in the restoration and improvement of desertified soil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an ecological functional composite material suitable for the desert environment, overcome the disadvantages of water content, low water retention rate and lack of growth elements in the desert soil environment, and make it suitable for the growth of desert plants. Due to its special effects of drought resistance, water saving, and water retention, water retaining agents have been widely used in crop seedling protection, drought resistance and yield increase, and urban flower and tree production. Preparation of slow-release fertilizers has also become a hot issue in agriculture. However, there is a lack of extensive and in-depth research on the combination of the two.

At present, people just physically mix fertilizers and water-retaining agents or use aqueous solution polymerization to obtain polymers containing inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, when the fertilizer is used in physical infiltration, the loss of fertilizer is serious, and the utilization rate is not high. The fertilizer infiltrated into the ground may pollute the groundwater source and cause new pollution problems. The graft copolymerization method is more difficult to realize in terms of synthesis.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material capable of absorbing water, retaining water, and slowly releasing chemical fertilizers, and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a multifunctional polymer composite material for water and fertilizer retention, which is characterized in that it is mainly composed of polymer water-absorbing agent, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and polyurethane The soft foam material is made by mixing and foaming raw materials, and the weight percentage of each raw material is:

Polymer water absorbent powder, particle size 200-300 mesh 10-40,

Polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer powder, particle size 200-300 mesh 5-20,

Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10,

Potassium fertilizer 2.5-10,

Polyurethane flexible foam material 50-51.

The weight percentage that each raw material accounts for is optimal:

Polymer water absorbent powder, particle size 200-300 mesh 40,

Polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer powder, particle size is 200-300 mesh 5,

Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5,

Potassium fertilizer 2.5,

Polyurethane flexible foam 50.

The polymeric water-absorbing agent is any one of starch-based polymeric water-absorbing agent, cellulose-based polymeric water-absorbing agent, protein-based polymeric water-absorbing agent, and synthetic polymeric water-absorbing agent, or a mixture of any or more of them. is any ratio.

The polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is polyurea formaldehyde or polyisobutylene diurea.

The inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is any one or a mixture of any one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and superphosphate, and the mixing ratio is arbitrary.

The potassium fertilizer is any one or a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, and the mixing ratio is arbitrary.

The flexible polyurethane foam material is formed by foaming polyether polyol, toluene diisocyanate, catalyst, stabilizer silicone oil and foaming agent water, and the parts by weight of each raw material are: 30 parts of polyether polyol, toluene 18 parts of diisocyanate, 0.15 parts of catalyst, 0.5 parts of silicone oil, and 1.5 parts of water. The density of the polyurethane flexible foam material is very light and the foaming is uniform, which is 0.028885g/cm ³ ; the cells of the polyurethane flexible foam material are interconnected and breathable.

The catalyst is any one of dibutyl dilaurate, stannous octoate, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylbutylenediamine or a mixture of any one or more of them. Matching.

The catalyst is triethanolamine or stannous octoate and dibutyltin dilaurate, and the parts by weight are: 0.1 part of triethanolamine or stannous octoate and 0.05 part of dibutyltin dilaurate.

The polyether polyol is any one or more than one of polyether triol PPG5613, polyether N330, polyether Propylan 1, and polyether Propylan 3, and the mixture is in any proportion. It is usually required that the molecular weight of highly active polyoxyalkylene ether is 4500-6500, and the amount of primary hydroxyl groups accounts for 40-85% of the total number of hydroxyl groups.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned multifunctional polymer composite material that retains water and fertilizer is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1). Preparation of polyurethane flexible foam material: according to the parts by weight of raw materials: 30 parts of polyether polyol, 18 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 0.15 part of catalyst, 0.5 part of silicone oil and 1.5 parts of water, select polyether polyol, Toluene diisocyanate, catalyst, silicone oil and water; Stir the polyether polyol, water, catalyst and silicone oil evenly at room temperature, after stirring for 9-11 minutes, quickly add toluene diisocyanate, stir for 8-9 seconds, under natural conditions Downward foaming, obtains the initial flexible foam of polyurethane;

2). Mixed foaming, solidification and post-treatment: according to the weight percentage of each raw material: polymer water-absorbing agent 10-40, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer 5-20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10, potassium fertilizer 2.5-10 , Polyurethane flexible foam material 50 select macromolecule water-absorbing agent, macromolecule slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; Stir evenly, add to the polyurethane initial soft foam in step 1) while stirring, and stir until the material turns white, then stop stirring, quickly pour the liquid into the pre-prepared mold, so that the foam fills the mold, and then put Put it into an oven at 100-120°C to cure for 2-3 hours, take out the finished product and stir it with an electric mixer until it becomes powdery, dry and package it to obtain the product.

The time when the polymer water-absorbing agent, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are added to the polyurethane initial flexible foam in step 1) while stirring is: toluene diisocyanate is added to polyether polyol, water , catalyst and silicone oil for 16-22 seconds (optimally 19 seconds).

The invention is formed by organically combining high-molecular water-absorbing agent, high-molecular slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer by using polyurethane flexible foam material as a high-molecular binder. The shell-type coating of polyurethane soft foam material can make the polymer water-absorbing agent, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer fully and uniformly contact and mix in the sandy soil without loss, and can be stored in it for a long time. When the polymer water-absorbing agent (or polymer water-absorbing resin) absorbs water, the fertilizer elements of the fertilizer are also dissolved in water at the same time and are absorbed into the polymer water-absorbing agent along with the water. When the polymer water-absorbing agent releases water, plants can absorb water and nutrients at the same time. The contained polymer water-absorbing agent can effectively retain water and fertilizer, and the addition of polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth for a long time to meet the growth needs of plants grown in desert environments.

The present invention adopts polymer water-absorbing agent as water retention and water storage material, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as the slow-release form of nitrogen fertilizer, and then adds inorganic phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and uses polymer adhesive—polyurethane flexible foam material In the form of an interpenetrating network, two functional polymer materials and inorganic materials are organically combined to form a multifunctional polymer composite material that absorbs water, retains water, and can slowly release fertilizers. It is a new type of sand-fixing vegetation material that retains water and has slow-release chemical fertilizers, which can improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizers, reduce chemical fertilizer pollution and connect soil aggregates. The invention is suitable for improving desertified land, and can be used as plant nutrient material for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and gardening in desertified areas. It can save water and resist drought, release chemical fertilizers slowly, reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizers to groundwater, and improve soil and protect the ecological environment. A plant planting experiment has been carried out with alfalfa, and the material of the invention can obviously promote the growth of alfalfa.

The time of adding the polymer water-absorbing agent and fertilizer particles to the flexible polyurethane foam material is very important, which will affect the final performance of the material. It is faster to add the polymer water-absorbing agent and slow-release fertilizer particles when the polyether polyol reacts with toluene diisocyanate for 19 seconds. suitable.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a comparison of the root system of alfalfa planted in pure sand and sample 1# material

In the picture: the picture a on the left shows the alfalfa planted with 1# material, and the picture b on the right shows the alfalfa planted in pure sandy soil.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The raw material used in the present invention:

① Polymer water-absorbing agent, the following types of water-absorbing agents can be selected, and can be used alone or in combination according to the actual water absorption speed and water absorption rate.

Starch-based polymer water-absorbing agent: starch-grafted acrylonitrile-based polymer water-absorbing agent,

            Starch grafted acrylic polymer water-absorbing agent,

                    Starch grafted acrylic amine polymer water-absorbing agent,

                  Starch grafted acrylic polymer water-absorbing agent,

          Other types of polymer water-absorbing agents are grafted with starch.

Cellulose-based polymer water-absorbing agent: cellulose-grafted acrylic polymer water-absorbing agent,

                        Cellulose grafted acrylic amine polymer water-absorbing agent,

                Cellulose grafted nitrile polymer water-absorbing agent,

                Cellulose/vinyl acetate graft copolymerized polymer water absorbent,

              Cellulose/multiple monomer graft copolymerized polymer water absorbent.

Protein-based polymer water-absorbing agent: silk protein biopolymer water-absorbing agent,

              Silk grafted biopolymer water-absorbing agent,

                                                   

                      Natural polymer compounds and their sub-biotin polymers and water-absorbing agents.

Synthetic polymer water-absorbing agent: acid acrylic polymer water-absorbing agent,

           Polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer water-absorbing agent,

            Polyacrylonitrile polymer water-absorbing agent,

                  Acid-enamide-based polymeric water-absorbing agent,

              Polyoxyalkylene polymer water-absorbing agent,

          Polyethylene glycol polymer water-absorbing agent,

         Polyheterobicyclic compound polymer water-absorbing agent.

② Macromolecule slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the type of macromolecule fertilizer that can be used, can be used alone or in combination.

1) polyurea formaldehyde, 2) polyisobutylene diurea.

③ Polyurethane flexible foam is mainly foamed by polyether polyol, toluene diisocyanate, catalyst, stabilizer silicone oil and blowing agent water. Polyether polyols usually require highly active polyoxyalkylene ethers with a molecular weight of 4500-6500 and primary hydroxyl groups accounting for 40-85% of the total number of hydroxyl groups. The polyether polyol that the present invention adopts mainly contains:

Polyether Triol PPG5613 Industry ARCO Chemical Company,

Polyether N330 Industrial Jinling Petrochemical Company,

Polyether Propylan 1 Lankro,

Polyether Propylan 3 Lankro,

The above raw materials can be used alone or in combination.

a. The choice of catalyst is to use organic tin and tertiary amines, and the combination of the two has a better synergistic effect.

Organotin: dibutyl dilaurate, stannous octoate.

Tertiary amines: triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethylbutylene diamine.

b. Foam stabilizer: silicone oil, silicone oil L520.

c. Foaming agent: pure water.

Example 1:

Preparation method of sample 1#:

1), select raw materials:

The polymer water-absorbing agent selects hydroxycellulose grafted acrylic acid sodium salt polymer water-absorbing agent (for existing, belongs to cellulose-grafted acrylic acid polymer water-absorbing agent class),

Powder particle size 200 mesh 39.85g,

Polyurea-formaldehyde powder particle size 200 mesh 5g is selected as polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer,

Inorganic fertilizers are potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride 5g (potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride are each 2.5g),

Polyether Triol PPG5613 Hydroxyl Value About 56mg KOH/g Industrial Grade, 30g,

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) 18g,

Stannous octoate 0.05g,

Triethylenediamine 0.1g,

Water 1.5g,

Silicone oil 0.5g;

2) Take 30g of polyether triol, add 1.5g of water, 0.05g of stannous octoate, 0.1g of triethylenediamine, and 0.5g of silicone oil in sequence, and stir evenly for 10 minutes;

3), then add 18g of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) into the liquid prepared in step 2), stir evenly, after 15 seconds, add 40g of hydroxycellulose grafted acrylic acid sodium salt polymer water-absorbing agent, 5g of polyurea formaldehyde, 5g of phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen and potassium chloride, continue to stir until the liquid material turns white, quickly pour the liquid into the pre-prepared mold 100mm×100mm×100mm, make the foam fill the mold, and then put it in an oven at 100-120℃ for curing 2 hour, take out the finished product and stir it with an electric mixer until it is powdery, dry and package it.

The present invention studies how to effectively mix polymeric water-absorbing agent and slow-release chemical fertilizer with flexible polyurethane foam material so that they are firmly embedded in the polyurethane network structure, so as to reduce their separation from holes after the material expands with water. The relationship between their addition time (from the beginning of mixing polyether trihydric alcohol and toluene diisocyanate) and material properties was compared. Among them, 50 parts of polyurethane flexible foam material, polymer water absorbent and fertilizer (polymer retarder) Nitrogen-releasing fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer) each accounted for 25 parts. The results are shown in Table 1.

The influence of table 1 adding time on material properties

Join time (s) Water absorption (%) Water retention rate (%) Nitrogen release rate (%) 10 55 37.2 3.4 13 63 39.6 3.9 16 72 40.5 4.2 19 78 44.4 4.5 twenty two 73 40.3 4.3 25 67 39.7 3.8 28 6 37.8 3.4 31 59 36.5 2.9

The adding time of the particles has a certain influence on the performance of the water-absorbing material. Considering comprehensively, the present invention believes that it is more appropriate to add polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate when the reaction is carried out for 19s.

According to the preparation method of the above-mentioned sample 1# (the raw materials of the polyurethane flexible foam material remain unchanged, and the weight relationship remains unchanged), and the addition amount of the polymer water-absorbing agent and chemical fertilizer is changed, 2#, 3#, 4#, and 5# can be obtained. # sample.

Table 2 shows the raw material ratio situation of each sample

Amount of polymer water-absorbing agent added (g) Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer (g) Amount of polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer added (g) 1# 40 5 5 2# 30 10 10 3# 25 12 13 4# 20 15 15 5# 10 20 20

In Table 2, inorganic phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers each account for half.

The test value of water absorption of each sample of table 3

Water absorption ratio (multiple of its own weight) Water retention ratio (multiple of its own weight) 1# 135 56.2 2# 98 51.5 3# 78 44.4 4# 61 56.2 5# 32 45.6

Table 4 Each sample is placed in room temperature (25°C) water, the test value of nitrogen release rate

1 day 10 days 30 days 60 days 1# 0.2 0.55 1.2 3.4 2# 0.52 5.1 3.2 6.2 3# 0.62 1.8 4.5 7.4 4# 0.7 2.1 5.8 8.4 5# 0.8 2.5 6.3 9.1

In experiments in plant cultivation, work on the finished product in sandy soil cultivation is carried out. According to the ratio of 0.2% and 0.1%, the composite material of the present invention with different components was mixed with sandy soil with a diameter of 2mm, and alfalfa was planted. During the planting process, the amount of water applied and the growth of the plants were recorded.

As shown in Figure 1, the application of this composite material to the soil can significantly promote the growth of alfalfa. Plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area are significantly increased compared with those planted in pure sandy soil, and the number and weight of grains can also be increased, so that yield and precipitation use efficiency can be greatly improved. In the experimental cultivation of various mass ratios of polymer water-absorbing agents and slow-release chemical fertilizers, the cultivation effect of 0.2% 40:10 component is the best. The material of this component can economically meet the nitrogen elements required for plant growth and can Enhance the ability of sandy soil to absorb water and retain water, and provide a good growth environment for alfalfa.

Example 2:

A method for preparing a water- and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material, comprising the steps of:

1). Preparation of polyurethane flexible foam material: according to the weight of raw materials: 30 parts of polyether triol PPG5613, 18 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 0.15 parts of catalyst, 0.5 parts of silicone oil, and 1.5 parts of water to select polyether ternary Alcohol PPG5613, toluene diisocyanate, catalyst, silicone oil and water; stir polyether trihydric alcohol PPG5613, water, catalyst and silicone oil at room temperature, stir for 9-11 minutes, quickly add toluene diisocyanate, stir for 8-9 seconds After 10 minutes, foam under natural conditions to obtain the initial soft foam of polyurethane; wherein the catalyst is stannous octoate and dibutyltin dilaurate, and the parts by weight are: 0.1 part of stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate Acid tin 0.05 part.

2). Mixed foaming, curing and post-treatment: according to the weight percentage of each raw material: polymer water absorbent 10, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer 20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 10, potassium fertilizer 10, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 selection Polymer water-absorbing agent, macromolecule slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; among them, the polymer water-absorbing agent is starch-grafted acrylic polymer water-absorbing agent (or starch-grafted acrylic super-absorbent agent, or starch-grafted acrylic superabsorbent resin, which is existing), the polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is polyurea formaldehyde, the inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate;

Stir the polymer water-absorbing agent, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly, and add them to the initial flexible foam of polyurethane in step 1) while stirring (reaction between toluene diisocyanate and polyether trihydric alcohol PPG5613 16 seconds), and stir until the material turns white, then stop stirring, quickly pour the liquid into the pre-prepared mold, the mold is designed according to production needs, so that the foam fills the mold, and then put it into a 100°C oven for curing for 3 hours. Take out the finished product and stir it with an electric mixer until it becomes powdery, dry and package it to obtain the product.

Example 3:

A method for preparing a water- and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material, comprising the steps of:

1). Preparation of polyurethane flexible foam material: according to the weight of raw materials: 30 parts of polyether polyol, 18 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 0.15 part of catalyst, 0.5 part of silicone oil, 1.5 parts of water, select polyether polyol, toluene Diisocyanate, catalyst, silicone oil and water; stir polyether polyol, water, catalyst and silicone oil evenly at room temperature, after stirring for 11 minutes, quickly add toluene diisocyanate, stir for 8-9 seconds, and foam under natural conditions , to obtain the initial flexible foam of polyurethane; wherein the catalyst is triethanolamine and dibutyltin dilaurate, and the parts by weight are: 0.1 part of triethanolamine, 0.05 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, and the polyether Polyol is a mixture of polyether triol PPG5613, polyether N330, polyether Propylan 1 and polyether Propylan 3, polyether triol PPG5613 is 10 parts, polyether N33010 parts, polyether Propylan 1 is 5 parts Parts, polyether Propylan 3 is 5 parts.

2). Mixed foaming, curing and post-treatment: according to the weight percentage of each raw material: polymer water absorbent 40, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer 5, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5, potassium fertilizer 2.5, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 selection Polymer water-absorbing agents, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, inorganic phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and flexible polyurethane foam materials; among them, the polymer water-absorbing agents are polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer water-absorbing agents (or polyvinyl alcohol-based water-absorbing agents, which are currently Some), the polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is polyurea formaldehyde, the inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;

Stir the polymer water-absorbing agent, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly, and add them to the initial flexible foam of polyurethane in step 1) while stirring (19 Seconds), and stir until the material turns white, then stop stirring, quickly pour the liquid into the pre-prepared mold, the mold is designed according to production needs, so that the foam fills the mold, and then put it in a 120°C oven to cure for 2 hours, and take out the finished product Stir with an electric mixer until it becomes powdery, dry and package to obtain the product.

Example 4:

A method for preparing a water- and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material, comprising the steps of:

1). Preparation of flexible polyurethane foam material: according to the weight of raw materials: 30 parts of polyether N330, 18 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 0.15 parts of catalyst, 0.5 parts of silicone oil, and 1.5 parts of water. Select polyether N330, toluene diisocyanate, Catalyst, silicone oil and water; Stir polyether N330, water, catalyst and silicone oil evenly at room temperature, after stirring for 9-11 minutes, quickly add toluene diisocyanate, stir for 8-9 seconds, and foam under natural conditions to obtain The initial flexible foam of polyurethane; wherein the catalyst is dibutyl dilaurate and triethylene diamine, 0.1 part of dibutyl dilaurate, and 0.05 part of triethylene diamine.

2). Mixed foaming, curing and post-treatment: according to the weight percentage of each raw material: 20 polymer water-absorbing agents, 10 polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, 10 inorganic phosphorus fertilizers, 10 potassium fertilizers, and 50 polyurethane flexible foam materials Polymer water-absorbing agents, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, inorganic phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and flexible polyurethane foam materials; among them, polymer water-absorbing agents are polyheterobicyclic compound polymer water-absorbing agents (or polyheterobicyclic compound water-absorbing agents, which are currently Some), the polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is polyisobutylene diurea, the inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride;

Stir the polymer water-absorbing agent, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly, and add them to the polyurethane initial flexible foam in step 1) while stirring (reacting for 22 seconds between toluene diisocyanate and polyether N330 time), and stir evenly until the material turns white, then stop stirring, quickly pour the liquid into the pre-prepared mold, the mold is designed according to production needs, so that the foam fills the mold, and then put it into a 100°C oven for 2 hours, and take out the finished product for use Stir with an electric mixer until powdery, dry and package to obtain the product.

Example 5:

A method for preparing a water- and fertilizer-retaining multifunctional polymer composite material, comprising the steps of:

1). Preparation of polyurethane flexible foam material: according to the weight of raw materials: polyether Propylan 1 30 parts, toluene diisocyanate 18 parts, catalyst 0.15 parts, silicone oil 0.5 parts, water 1.5 parts select polyether Propylan 1, toluene Diisocyanate, catalyst, silicone oil and water; stir polyether Propylan 1, water, catalyst and silicone oil at room temperature (the purpose of this is to add gas to the reactant, so that the material will have a better foaming effect later) , after stirring for 10 minutes, quickly add toluene diisocyanate, after stirring for 8-9 seconds, foam under natural conditions to obtain the initial flexible foam of polyurethane; wherein the catalyst is dibutyl dilaurate, cyclohexylamine and tetra Methylbutylene diamine, 0.05 part of dibutyl dilaurate, 0.05 part of cyclohexylamine, 0.05 part of tetramethylbutylene diamine,

2). Mixed foaming, curing and post-treatment: according to the weight percentage of each raw material: polymer water absorbent 25, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer 20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5, potassium fertilizer 2.5, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 selection Polymer water-absorbing agents, polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, inorganic phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and flexible polyurethane foam materials; polymer water-absorbing agents are starch-grafted acrylic polymer water-absorbing agents and polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer water-absorbing agents, starch Grafted acrylic polymer water-absorbing agent 15, polyvinyl alcohol polymer water-absorbing agent 10; polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is polyurea formaldehyde and polyisobutylene diurea, polyurea formaldehyde is 10, polyisobutylene diurea Urea is 10; inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate 0.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0, calcium superphosphate 1.0; potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, potassium sulfate 1.0, chlorine Potassium chloride 1.5;

Stir the macromolecule water-absorbing agent, macromolecular slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly, and add them to the initial flexible foam of polyurethane in step 1) while stirring (reacting 19 to 19 toluene diisocyanate and polyether Propylan 1) Seconds), and stir until the material turns white, then stop stirring, quickly pour the liquid into the pre-prepared mold, the mold is designed according to production needs, so that the foam fills the mold, and then put it in a 110°C oven for 2 hours to cure, and take out the finished product Stir with an electric mixer until it becomes powdery, dry and package to obtain the product.

The polymer water-absorbing agent of the present invention, the polymer slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer, the upper and lower limits and the interval value of the raw material of the flexible polyurethane foam material can realize the present invention, and the embodiments will not be listed one by one here. .

Claims (3)

1. the multifunction polymer composite material of a preserve moisture and fertility, it is characterized in that it is mainly formed by polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material feedstock mixed foaming, the shared weight percent of each raw material is:

Polymer water-absorbent powder, granularity are 200-300 order 10-40,

High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer powder, granularity are 200-300 order 5-20,

Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10,

Potassic fertilizer 2.5-10,

Polyurethane flexible foam material 50-51;

Described polymer water-absorbent be starch be polymer water-absorbent, cellulose-based polymer water-absorbent, protein be polymer water-absorbent, synthetic be any one or any one above mixing in the polymer water-absorbent, be any proportioning during mixing;

Described high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is uramit or poly-isobutylidene two ureas;

Described inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is any one or any one the above mixing in potassium primary phosphate, the calcium superphosphate, is any proportioning during mixing;

Described potassic fertilizer is the mixing of any one or two kinds in vitriolate of tartar, the Repone K, is any proportioning during mixing;

Described polyurethane flexible foam material is formed by polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water foaming, the shared parts by weight of each raw material are: 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of stablizer silicone oil, 1.5 parts of whipping agent pure water.

2. the multifunction polymer composite material of a kind of preserve moisture and fertility according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

The shared weight percent of each raw material is:

Polymer water-absorbent powder, granularity are 200-300 order 40,

High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer powder, granularity are 200-300 order 5,

Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5,

Potassic fertilizer 2.5,

Polyurethane flexible foam material 50.

3. the preparation method of the multifunction polymer composite material of a kind of preserve moisture and fertility as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the steps:

1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, water are chosen polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water for 1.5 parts; At room temperature polyether glycol, water, catalyzer and silicone oil are stirred, stir after 9-11 minute, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane;

2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 10-40, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 5-20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10, potassic fertilizer 2.5-10, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; With polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer stir, join while stirring in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1), joining day is: tolylene diisocyanate adds polyether glycol, water, reaction is carried out 16-22 during second in catalyzer and the silicone oil, and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, make foam be full of mould, put 100-120 ℃ of curing oven 2-3 hour again into, taking out finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.

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