CN100409992C - A laser processing machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is a laser processing machine tool. This machine tool adopts a three-translation degree of freedom parallel motion mechanism. A laser beam focuser is installed on the moving platform, supplemented by flexible transmission of optical fibers, which can realize laser cutting and welding. The design idea of the present invention is embodied in fully combining the advantages of the parallel motion mechanism and the characteristics of optical fiber transmission, so that the new laser processing machine tool is suitable for laser cutting and welding, and the processing accuracy, processing efficiency and processing flexibility are greatly improved.

Description

A laser processing machine tool

technical field

The invention relates to the field of laser cutting and welding, in particular to a laser processing machine tool, which can realize high-precision and high-efficiency processing of plate parts.

Background technique

At present, traditional laser processing machine tools mainly include laser processing host, laser, light guiding and focusing system, numerical control system and automatic programming software. Among them, the laser processing host adopts traditional serial motion mechanism, such as Chinese patents ZL94190003.7 and ZL02802098.7, The mechanism is generally an asymmetric "C" layout composed of bed, machine column, spindle box and worktable in series. Due to the existence of cantilever components in this mechanism, the cantilever components need to bear a large bending moment. And torque, so it is difficult to obtain high structural rigidity. In addition, the mechanism itself has inherent defects such as large moving mass and linear accumulation of errors, so it is difficult to obtain high processing efficiency and processing accuracy. The light guiding and focusing system of traditional laser processing machine tools generally adopts a refraction-reflection optical path. For example, the Chinese patent with the publication number CN1693027A requires beam quality monitoring equipment, a shutter system, a beam expander telescope system, a visible light coaxial aiming system, and light transmission steering. System and focusing system, many equipments, complex optical path, cumbersome adjustment of optical path, affect processing efficiency, and in the process of laser processing, the change of the length of optical path will lead to the change of beam diameter, thus affecting the processing quality. With the emergence of laser processing robots, the use of optical fibers improves the flexibility of laser processing, but the manipulators mostly use the wrist mechanism of multi-joint robots, such as the Chinese patent with publication number CN1178495A and patent number 02144076.x. The mechanism has fixed X, Y, Z, A, B and C coordinate axes, and still belongs to the traditional serial mechanism.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a laser processing machine tool suitable for the characteristics of laser cutting and welding, which fully combines the advantages of the parallel motion mechanism and the characteristics of optical fiber transmission, realizes the flexibility of laser processing, and overcomes the limitations of the current traditional laser processing machine tools and laser processing robots. caused defects. The mechanical part of the laser processing machine tool is a new type of parallel motion mechanism with three translation degrees of freedom (three degrees of freedom translation along the X, Y, and Z axes).

The laser processing machine tool of the present invention is composed of three parts: a parallel machine tool, a laser system and a control system. The parallel machine tool is composed of a bed, a three-degree-of-translation parallel kinematic mechanism, a machine column, a workbench and a parallel machine tool control cabinet. The linear guide rail of the three-translation degree-of-freedom parallel kinematic mechanism is fixed on the machine column, and the workbench is located in the three-translation degree of freedom parallel kinematics. Below the moving platform of the kinematic mechanism, there is a parallel kinematic mechanism with three translational degrees of freedom, including three driving sliders and corresponding three sets of support rods, linear guide rails, moving platform and Hooke hinge. The three driving sliders are dragged by linear motors , do horizontal motion on the linear guide rail, and transmit it to the support rods through the Hooke hinge, and the motion of the five support rods is synthesized into a three-degree-of-freedom translation of the moving platform space, in which the left and right drive sliders are respectively connected to two support rods, The rod is an auxiliary support rod, and the lower rod is a restraint support rod. At the end of the drive slider, the Hooke hinge connected with the left and right restraint support rods is at the same level, and the Hooke hinge connected with the middle support rod is higher than the aforementioned Hooke hinge. At the end of the moving platform, the positions of the Hooke hinges corresponding to the three rods are similar; the laser system is composed of a beam focuser, a YAG laser, a cooling system, a power supply and a controller, and the power supply and controller of the laser system communicate with the cooling system and the controller respectively through communication lines. The YAG laser is connected, and the laser light generated by the YAG laser enters the optical fiber and is transmitted to the beam focuser. The beam focuser is fixedly installed on the moving platform of the parallel machine tool; the control system is a control computer; the control computer communicates with the parallel machine tool through communication lines. The power supply of the control cabinet and the laser system is connected with the controller, and controls the parallel machine tool and the laser system.

The numerical control system of the present invention may be an open numerical control system based on PC, or a special numerical control system. The control software of the present invention satisfies the numerical control programming software of workpiece geometric modeling, trajectory planning, error compensation, code generation, interpolation calculation, axis servo control and the like.

The effect of the present invention is: the three-translation degree-of-freedom parallel kinematic mechanism of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, large force/weight ratio, no error accumulation, no kinematic coupling, easy control, large working space, etc., making the movement of the laser processing machine tool easy To achieve high precision and high efficiency; the optical fiber transmission of the present invention has the advantages of simple equipment, flexible transmission, and convenient installation, which makes laser processing easy to achieve high flexibility; the laser beam of the present invention has the advantage of stable spot diameter through optical fiber transmission , so that the quality stability of the processed parts can be improved.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, content of the present invention is described in detail:

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of laser processing machine tool of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of parallel machine tool of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the working principle of the parallel kinematic mechanism of the present invention

Fig. 4 is the working space diagram of the parallel kinematic mechanism braking platform YOZ plane of the present invention

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the laser system of the present invention

In the figure: 1 parallel machine tool, 2 laser system, 3 control computer, 4 linear guide rail, 5 drive slider, 6 Hooke hinge, 7 support rod, 8 machine column, 9 parallel machine tool control cabinet, 10 moving platform, 11 working Table, 12 bed, 13 optical fiber, 14YAG laser, 15 cooling system, 16 power supply and controller, 17 beam focuser, 18 partial emission mirror, 19 excitation lamp (2), 20YAG mandrel, 21 laser beam, 22 high efficiency Mirrors, 23 couplers, 24 side mirrors.

Specific implementation method

As shown in Figure 1, the laser processing machine tool of the present invention is mainly composed of a parallel machine tool 1, a laser system 2 and a control system. The control system is a control computer 3, one end of the communication line is connected to the parallel machine tool control cabinet 9, and the other end is connected to the laser system power supply and the controller 16.

Its working principle is that the control computer 3 sends a control command, one end is sent to the parallel machine tool control cabinet 9, and the other end is sent to the power supply and controller 16 of the laser system. The parallel machine tool control cabinet 7 analyzes and processes the control commands sent by the control computer 3, and generates CNC commands to control the parallel connection through contour modeling→G code generation→G code format conversion→interpolation→coordinate transformation→kinematic transformation→servo control. The drive slider 5 of the machine tool 1 makes a linear motion on the linear guide rail 4, and the movement of the five support rods 7 is synthesized into the motion of the moving platform 10. After the power supply and controller 16 of the laser system process the signal, they control the YAG laser 14 to generate laser light, which is transmitted to the beam focuser 17 through the optical fiber 13. After the beam focuser 17 focuses the laser beam, a certain spot diameter suitable for cutting is formed. laser beam.

The structure of the parallel machine tool of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2: by linear guide rail 4, drive slide block 5, Hooke hinge 6, support bar 7, machine tool column 8, parallel machine tool control cabinet 9, moving platform 10, workbench 11 and bed Body 12 forms. The linear guide rail 4, the machine column 8, the workbench 11 and the bed 12 constitute the fixed support of the parallel machine tool, the driving slider 5, the Hooke hinge 6, the support rod 7 and the moving platform 10 constitute the moving part of the parallel machine tool. Three driving sliders 5 are connected to the linear guide rail 4 through linear motors, five supporting rods 7 are connected to driving sliders 5 through Hooke hinges 6 , and the other ends of the supporting rods 7 are connected to the moving platform 10 through Hooke hinges 6 .

The working principle of the parallel kinematic mechanism of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3 . Its working principle is that the change of the horizontal position of the three driving sliders 5 on the linear guide rail 4 of the machine tool driven by the linear motor is transmitted to the five support rods 7 with the length of the fixed rods through the Hooke hinge 6, and the movement of the support rods 7 The moving platform 10 is driven by the Hooke hinge 6 to realize the translation of three degrees of freedom in space. Among them, there are two supporting rods connected to the left and right driving sliders, the upper rod is an auxiliary supporting rod, the lower rod is a supporting rod constraining the degree of freedom of the moving platform (as shown in Figure 3), and the rods S ₁ and S ₃ are constraining For the support rod, at the end of the driving slider, the Hooke hinges of the connecting rods S ₁ and S ₃ are at the same level, and the Hooke hinges of the connecting rod S ₂ are higher than the aforementioned Hooke hinges. At the end of the moving platform, the connecting rods S ₁ , S 3 The Hooke hinge positions of S ₃ and S ₂ are similar. When the mechanism is working, change the values of X _m1 and X _m3 , and control the brake platform to achieve translation in the XOY plane through the rods S ₁ and S _3. At this time, the value of X _m2 remains unchanged, and the rod S ₂ and the middle drive slider move accordingly; Change the value of X _m2 , and control the brake platform to move along Z through the rod _S2 . At this time, the value of X _m3 changes with the change of X _m2 value, and the left and right drive sliders follow; change X _m1 , X _m2 and X _m3 at the same time, The space three-axis linkage of the moving platform can be realized.

The working space of the YOZ plane of the moving platform of the parallel kinematic mechanism of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4, and has the characteristic of large working space.

The laser system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 : it is composed of a YAG laser 14 , a cooling system 15 , a power supply and controller 16 and a beam focuser 17 .

Its working principle is that the power supply and the controller 16 receive the control signal from the control computer 3, and after processing, issue an instruction to control the work of the YAG laser 14 and the cooling system 15, and the laser beam generated by the YAG laser 14 enters the optical fiber 13 for transmission, and passes through the optical fiber 13. At the focuser 17, it is focused to a laser beam with a certain spot diameter that meets processing requirements.

The invention is a novel laser processing machine tool, capable of three-coordinate linkage program control, and mainly used for laser cutting and welding. The present invention adopts a parallel motion mechanism with three degrees of freedom in translation, which has the advantages of simple structure, large working space, flexible motion, no motion coupling, easy control, etc., combined with the flexibility and flexibility of optical fiber transmission, the processing speed of the entire system is , Processing efficiency, processing quality and processing flexibility have been significantly improved.

Claims (1)

1. A laser processing machine tool is composed of three parts, a parallel machine tool (1), a laser system (2) and a control system, and is characterized in that: the parallel machine tool (1) consists of a bed (12), a three-translation degree of freedom parallel kinematic mechanism, The machine tool column (8), the workbench (11) and the parallel machine tool control cabinet (9) are composed, the linear guide rail (4) of the three-translation degree of freedom parallel kinematic mechanism is fixed on the machine tool column (8), and the workbench (11) is located on the three Below the moving platform (10) of the translation degree of freedom parallel kinematic mechanism, the three translation degrees of freedom parallel kinematic mechanism includes three driving sliders (5) and corresponding three sets of support rods (7), linear guide rails (4), and a moving platform (10) and the Hooke hinge (6), the three drive sliders (5) move horizontally on the linear guide rail (4) through the dragging of the linear motor, and are transmitted to the support rod (7) through the Hooke hinge (6). ), the movement of the five support rods (7) is synthesized into a three-degree-of-freedom translation of the moving platform (10), in which the left and right drive sliders (5) are connected to two support rods (7), and the upper rod is an auxiliary support The lower bar is a restraint support rod. At the drive slider end, the Hooke hinge (6) connected with the left and right restraint support rods (7) is at the same level, and the Hooke hinge (6) connected with the middle support rod (7) is at the same level. ) is higher than the aforementioned Hooke hinge, and at the end of the moving platform, the Hooke hinge (6) corresponding to the three rods is in a similar position; the laser system (2) consists of a beam focuser (17), a YAG laser (14), a cooling system (15 ) and power supply and controller (16), the power supply and controller (16) of the laser system are connected to the cooling system (15) and the YAG laser (14) respectively through communication lines, and the laser light produced by the YAG laser (14) enters the optical fiber (13) is transmitted to the beam focuser (17), and the beam focuser (17) is fixedly installed on the moving platform (10) of the parallel machine tool; the control system is a control computer (3), and the control computer (3) passes The communication lines are respectively connected with the parallel machine tool control cabinet (9) and the power supply and controller (16) of the laser system to control the parallel machine tool and the laser system.

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