CN100406109C - A block-assembled fouling basket - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a block-assembled fouling basket. Divide the support plate consistent with the cross-section inside the reactor into an appropriate number of strip plates, set an appropriate number of fouling members on each strip support plate, and assemble the support plates with fouling members into blocks in the reactor Assembled fouling basket; the fouling components include a deflector, an inner screen assembly, an outer screen assembly and a cover plate; an annular space is formed between the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly, and fillers or protective agents are arranged in the annular space. Compared with the prior art, the fouling basket of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, high interception, filtration, deposition efficiency, fully manifested fouling capacity per unit volume, small space required, and can be made into a complete fouling assembly and other advantages, and the operation time is long, and the pressure drop of the reactor does not increase during the fouling process. The fouling basket of the present invention can be used in various gas-liquid fixed-bed reactors, such as petroleum hydrocarbon hydrogenation reactors and the like.

Description

A block-assembled fouling basket

technical field

The invention relates to a filtration and deposition equipment, which belongs to the field of solid-liquid separation equipment, and is suitable for solid-liquid separation under the condition that the logistics are gas-liquid two-phase coexistence, and the dirt only exists in the liquid phase and the content is small, especially It is a device for intercepting, filtering and depositing impurities, rust and fouling substances in the liquid phase before the liquid phase enters the catalyst bed of the reactor.

Background technique

There are a small amount of impurities and coke in the raw materials of the hydrogenation reactor, as well as rust and dirt generated by impacting pipelines and equipment when flowing through the system. If the above-mentioned dirt accumulates on the surface of the catalyst bed, it will quickly block the flow channel. It causes uneven distribution of raw materials and reduces the use efficiency of the catalyst. At the same time, because the hydrogenation reaction is an exothermic reaction, on the radial section of the catalyst bed, there will be a temperature difference due to the difference in the degree of reaction, and even local overheating will occur, which will damage the catalyst bed. Catalyst performance, thereby greatly reducing the catalyst life cycle. The accumulation of scale on the surface of the catalyst bed will also increase the pressure drop of the reactor, and in severe cases, the tray will be crushed, resulting in unplanned shutdown. For many other types of gas-liquid fixed bed reactions, fouling problems exist to varying degrees.

In order to solve the above problems, generally according to the nature of the raw material and the working conditions of the device, several fouling baskets are set in the reactor to intercept, filter and deposit these dirt, such as "Petrochemical Equipment Technology" 1995-01 "Hydrogenation Reactor Development of Internals" Fouling Basket presented on page 17. Plus, the dirt basket increases the flow area for fluid flow. The common fouling basket is a cylindrical structure, wrapped with a screen, and placed in a bed of ceramic balls. According to the content, nature and particle size of the dirt in the fluid, the internal flow type or the external flow type is adopted, and the external flow type cylinder is equipped with a cover plate. At present, the most widely used fouling baskets are open type, closed type and toothed type. Practice has proved that because the fouling baskets are mostly hung on the beams, strung together with chains, and filled with ceramic balls or protective agents around them, not only the installation is cumbersome and the uniformity is poor, but more importantly, the utilization rate of the fouling capacity is not high and the space occupied is relatively large. big. In addition, since the fouling basket is placed directly on the upper surface of the catalyst bed, the flow paths of the liquid phase vary in length, which directly affects the uniform distribution of the liquid phase on the catalyst bed. In addition, after a period of operation, the fouling basket is often blocked, causing problems such as increased pressure drop, and the gas-liquid distribution function of the above-mentioned fouling basket is weak, especially in the late stage of the reaction, which may also aggravate the uneven gas-liquid distribution Degree.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a simple structure, convenient installation, high interception, filtration, high deposition efficiency, full manifestation of fouling capacity per unit volume, small space required, and can be made into a complete fouling component. In particular, the utility model relates to a block-packed fouling basket used for intercepting, filtering, and depositing impurities, rust and other dirt in the liquid phase before the liquid phase enters the catalyst bed of the hydrogenation reactor.

The specific structure of the block-assembled fouling basket of the present invention is as follows: the support plate consistent with the cross section of the reactor is divided into a suitable number of strip plates, and a suitable number of fouling components are arranged on each strip plate, with fouling components The strip plates of the components are assembled into the block-assembled fouling basket of the present invention in the reactor. The fouling components include deflectors, inner screen components, outer screen components, cover plates and other components. The horizontal section of the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly is square, rectangular, or other polygonal, preferably rectangular. The inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly are composed of a frame and wrapped screen mesh. The inner screen assembly is arranged in parallel in the outer screen assembly. An annular space is formed between the two. Fillers or protective agents are placed in the annular space as required. The top of the annular space It is closed by a cover plate, and the bottom of the annular space is closed by a strip plate. The inner space formed by the inner sieve assembly is an empty cylinder structure, with diversion holes set at the corresponding strip plate at the bottom, and a diversion plate at a suitable height at the top. The support structure for the deflector can be provided on the cover plate, the inner screen assembly, the outer screen assembly or the strip.

The present invention aims at the characteristics of the working condition that the gas and liquid phases coexist, and the dirt exists only in the liquid phase. By setting the guide plate and the cover plate and forming a gap between them, a circulation channel is provided for the gas phase. Set the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly to form an interlayer space with the same distance between them, and fill the interlayer space with a protective agent capable of intercepting, filtering, and depositing rust and dirt, and dripping on the tray The liquid phase carries impurities, rust and other dirt to the fouling basket, flows through the outer screen assembly, protective agent and inner screen assembly in sequence, and flows through the channel on the tray with the same cross-section as the inner screen assembly, and falls to The distribution plate drips to the catalyst bed layer after distribution through the plate; while impurities, rust and other dirt are intercepted by the protective agent and adhered to the protective agent layer. The outer sieve assembly, the protective agent and the inner sieve assembly form a liquid phase flow channel. Under the blowing effect of the gas phase, the liquid phase flows through the channels on the tray and falls to the catalyst bed, achieving preliminary dispersion.

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, high interception, filtration, and deposition efficiency, and the fouling ability per unit volume can be fully reflected, and the required space is small, and the fluid distribution ability is provided. It is suitable for the interception, filtration and deposition of impurities, rust and other dirt contained in hydrogenation reaction raw oil. During the operation, the scale deposits firstly on the lower part of the fouling basket. After the part is blocked, the liquid level rises and passes through the upper part of the fouling basket, so the pressure drop does not increase with the prolongation of the running process. It adopts a square fouling structure, which has the advantages of uniform liquid dispersion and sufficient space utilization. Because the manholes of general large-scale reactors have a certain size limit, the block assembly structure is adopted, which has the advantages of simple manufacture and convenient installation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure in Fig. 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

A specific structure of the block-assembled fouling basket of the present invention is as follows. The fouling structure is composed of deflectors, lugs, inner screen components, outer screen components, cover plates, protective agents and connectors. The deflector is placed above the cover plate, and the two are connected together by lugs. The deflector and the cover plate form a certain angle, and a gap is set between the two; the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly are set at the same height , or the height of the inner screen assembly is slightly higher than the height of the outer screen assembly. For example, the inner screen assembly can be 1-70mm higher than the outer screen assembly, and the horizontal section shape is similar. The inner screen assembly is placed inside the outer screen assembly. Construct interlayer spaces with consistent spacing, and fill the interlayer space formed by the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly with protective agents capable of intercepting, filtering, and depositing rust and dirt. The protective agents used as required are ceramic balls, quartz Sand or catalyst, etc.; both the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly are composed of a frame wrapped with a screen, and its cross-sectional shape is square or rectangular.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the structure of the present invention is composed of a deflector 7 , lugs 8 , an inner screen assembly 3 , an outer screen assembly 5 , a cover plate 1 , a protective agent 4 and a connecting piece 2 .

The support board can be divided into different numbers of strip boards according to the scale and installation. For example, for a support board with a diameter of 1 to 4 meters, it can be divided into 2 to 40 strip boards. 1-8 fouling members can be arranged on each strip plate, and the total cross-sectional area of the fouling members accounts for 20-80% of the total area of the support plate, preferably 40-70%. The shape of deflector 7 is consistent with the geometric shape of the horizontal section of the outer screen assembly, and its plane size is not less than the cross-sectional size of the inner screen assembly, preferably equal to or slightly larger than the horizontal section of the outer screen assembly, such as side length It can be 2-100mm longer than the side length of the horizontal section of the outer screen assembly; the deflector can be formed into a tapered or arc-shaped structure along the short side in addition to a flat plate structure; The two are connected together and form a certain angle with the cover plate, the included angle is between 0° and 45°, the preferred value is 0°, and a gap is set between the two, and the gap is generally between 2 and 300mm. An inner screen assembly 3 and an outer screen assembly 5 are provided, both of which are composed of a frame wrapped with a screen, and their horizontal cross-sectional shape is square or rectangular. The heights are the same, or the height of the inner screen assembly is higher than that of the outer screen assembly, and the horizontal cross-sectional shapes of the two are similar. The inner screen assembly is placed inside the outer screen assembly to form a sandwich space with the same spacing. The interlayer space formed by the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly is filled with a protective agent 4 capable of intercepting, filtering, and depositing rust and dirt, and the connecting piece 2 fixes the cover plate 1 to the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly , the cover seals the protective agent in the interlayer space formed by the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly. The protective agent used is ceramic ball, quartz sand or catalyst. The shape of the diversion hole on the strip plate is the same as the section of the inner screen assembly, and the area may be equal to or smaller than the section of the inner screen assembly. A gap with a certain flow cross-sectional area is formed between the deflector 7 and the cover plate 1 to provide a flow channel for the gas phase; the four walls of the inner screen assembly and the outer screen assembly are made of screens with a certain mesh number, and are placed in two The protective agent 4 in the interlayer space between them has a moderate gap, and the three constitute a channel for liquid phase flow. Other specific structures and parameters can be designed and determined according to the needs of use according to conventional knowledge.

When working, take the hydrogenation of petroleum hydrocarbons as an example. The oil and gas to be treated are used as the raw materials of the hydrogenation reactor, and enter the reactor through the inlet diffuser. Afterwards, it flows to the fouling components. Since impurities, rust and other dirt only exist in the liquid phase, the gas phase enters the catalyst bed through the gas phase flow channel between the anti-scouring, deflector and cover plate without treatment, and the liquid with dirt The phase flows to the fouling basket, and sequentially flows through the outer screen assembly, protective agent and inner screen assembly. Under the action of interception, filtration and deposition of ceramic balls, quartz sand or catalysts filled in the fouling basket, rust and dirt Attached and accumulated in the fouling basket, and the purified liquid phase flows through the channel opened on the tray with the same cross-section as the inner screen assembly, and falls to the catalyst bed, thus completing the fouling process. In addition, since both the gas and liquid phases flow continuously, the gas phase will blow and pulverize the liquid phase at the diversion opening opened on the strip plate. Under this action, the liquid phase flows through the diversion hole on the strip plate and falls to the Preliminary dispersion is achieved when the catalyst bed is present.

As the fouling process continues, the lower part of the fouling structure that the liquid phase basin first contacts will be clogged, causing the liquid level to rise, and the liquid phase will flow through the layer of unblocked or not completely blocked protective agent, and continue to accumulate Scaling process, until the entire protective agent layer is completely blocked, only when the protective agent layer is completely blocked, the ceramic balls on the upper part of the catalyst bed begin to foul. This shows that adding the fouling basket of the present invention can greatly prolong the reaction time. The operating cycle of the reactor, and during the fouling process of the fouling basket, the reactor pressure drop does not increase.

Claims (10)

1. block assembled type sediment incrustation basket, it is characterized in that will the gripper shoe consistent being divided into the stripe board of suitable number with cross section in the reactor, the incrustation member of suitable number is set on every stripe board, and the stripe board that has the incrustation member is assembled into the packaging sediment incrustation basket of piecemeal in reactor; Wherein the incrustation member comprises deflector, interior screen assembly, outer screen assembly and cover plate; The horizontal cross-section of interior screen assembly and outer screen assembly is square, rectangle or other polygon; Interior screen assembly and outer screen assembly are by framework and wrap up screen cloth and constitute, interior screen assembly be arranged in parallel outside in the screen assembly, forms annulus between the two, establishes filler or protective agent in the annulus, the annulus top is by cover closure, and the annulus bottom is sealed by stripe board; The inner space that interior screen assembly forms is empty barrel structure, and pod apertures is offered at the stripe board position of bottom correspondence, and suitable height place in top is provided with deflector.

2. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that the supporting construction of described deflector is arranged on cover plate, interior screen assembly, outer screen assembly or the stripe board.

3. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that described deflector becomes 0 °～45 ° angles with cover plate.

4. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that described interior screen assembly is consistent with outer screen assembly height, or interior screen assembly is higher than outer screen assembly 1～70mm.

5. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that the gripper shoe for 1～4 meter of diameter, be divided into 2～40 stripe board, 1～8 incrustation member is set on the every stripe board, incrustation member total sectional area accounts for 20～80% of the gripper shoe gross area.

6. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 5, it is characterized in that described incrustation member total sectional area accounts for 40～70% of the gripper shoe gross area.

7. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that described deflector profile is consistent with the geometry of the horizontal cross-section of outer screen assembly, the sectional dimension of screen assembly in its planar dimension is not less than.

8. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 7, it is characterized in that described deflector planar dimension equates with the cross section of outer screen assembly or the length of side greater than the outer screen assembly horizontal cross-section length of side 2～100mm.

9. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that described deflector is slab construction, taper or arcuate structure.

10. according to the described sediment incrustation basket of claim 1, it is characterized in that the slit between described deflector and the cover plate is 2～300mm.

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