CN100388143C - Solar tracker system and two-dimensional solar tracker stepper motor control interface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sun tracker system and a stepper motor control interface of a two-dimensional sun tracker. The system includes: control signal output interface, control signal receiving interface, X, Y direction control photoelectric switch and sun tracker; two-dimensional sun tracker stepper motor control interface includes: signal sending part: optical isolation computer print port signal and power boost , Long-distance drive circuit interface, 9-pin connector; signal receiving part: long-distance transmission interface circuit, signal logic control circuit, photoelectric switch circuit board in horizontal direction and pitch direction. The sun tracker is used to observe the sun's direct radiation and spectroscopic radiation. The two-dimensional sun tracker can accurately and automatically and continuously track the sun for observation. Its stepping motor control interface realizes the two-dimensional sun tracking controlled by an ordinary computer. The purpose of the instrument is to accurately track the sun. The direct function of the interface is to control two stepper motors to move in the forward and reverse directions, which is suitable for other similar occasions.

Description

Solar tracker system and two-dimensional solar tracker stepper motor control interface

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of electromechanical control. In particular, a sun tracker system and a two-dimensional sun tracker stepper motor control interface.

Background technique

At present, in the general meteorological radiation observation in China, one of the difficulties in direct insolation measurement is the inaccurate tracking of the sun. Most of the instruments use equatorial one-dimensional synchronous trackers, which are tracked by mechanical devices driven by clock motors. The main disadvantage is that they cannot It is fully automatic, and the inclination of the sun needs to be manually adjusted every day. In cloudy or cloudy weather, it is difficult to adjust and track, and the observation effect often fails to meet the requirements. At present, foreign products have two-dimensional trackers controlled by microcomputers that can meet the requirements of accurate tracking, but their products are all equipped with special control microcomputers and dedicated drive circuits, and the distance between the control computer and the tracker is short. The distances of the observation rooms are relatively far, they cannot be installed and used at will, and the product prices are too expensive.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar tracker system and a two-dimensional solar tracker stepper motor control interface.

Solve the difficult problems of the direct solar radiation observation tracker, realize long-distance control, realize two-dimensional horizontal and vertical simultaneous tracking of the sun, design a program to calculate the observation point control data based on the orbit of the earth to the sun, and drive the stepper motor to control the sun tracker. The accuracy is guaranteed, and it can work automatically and continuously around the clock. The universal and economical interface between the computer and the stepper motor driver is designed, which is simple, practical and easy to popularize.

Invention technical solution:

Using the commercialized stepper motor driver, the computer control signal output interface and the stepper motor driver control signal receiving interface are developed. Standard parts combination, modular design, long-distance connection between the signal output interface and the signal receiving interface, the product is easy to maintain and replace, and the operation is simple.

The developed tracker control interface and software can control the stepper motor to work as required as long as there is a computer with 286 or above, and the interface board and software.

A sun tracker system, comprising: computer control software, a print port, a control signal output interface 1, a control signal receiving interface 2, X, Y direction control photoelectric switches and a sun tracker; the control signal output interface 1 passes through a signal line (commonly Network cable) is connected to the control signal receiving interface 2, the output signal of the control signal receiving interface 2 is selected by the X, Y direction control electronic switch, and the signal of the X, Y direction control photoelectric switch is different or different, and the output is connected to the sun tracker stepper The motor driver control signal receiving interface provides the drive pulse and direction control level required by the driver.

Signal control design, computer printing port D0, D1, D2, D3 are encoded according to hexadecimal, can realize the change of high and low level, change the high and low level once can be used as a step pulse signal, realize step by the number of loop statements The number of driving steps of the motor, at the same time, D0 is used as the step pulse signal, D1 is used as the motor selection signal, D2 is used as the reset and move out of the original position signal, and D3 is used as the direction control signal. Still, the main frequency of the computer is different. Adjusting the delay time of the loop statement can adjust the pulse width time to meet the requirements of the stepper motor for the pulse width time, because the stepper motor requires a pulse width time of more than 5 microseconds.

Example: Controlling a program in this machine

Horizontal forward 50 steps

FOR J＝1TO 50

OUT(&H378), &H1A:FOR JJ＝1TO 100:NEXT JJ

OUT(&H378), &H1B:FOR JJ＝1TO 100:NEXT JJ

NEXT J

OUT(&H378), &H1B

Horizontal inversion: 300 steps

FOR J＝1TO 300

OUT(&H378), &H12:FORII＝1TO 100:NEXT II

OUT(&H378), &H13:FOR II＝1TO 100:NEXT II

NEXT J

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the solar tracker system of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a physical map of the sun tracker.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the stepping motor control interface of the two-dimensional sun tracker of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the output port of the stepping motor driving circuit in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the receiving port of the stepping motor driving circuit in Fig. 3 .

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a reset signal control circuit in FIG. 3 .

Detailed ways

In Fig. 1 sun tracker system, including: computer control software, printer port control signal output interface 1 (signal sending part), control signal receiving interface 2 (signal receiving part), X, Y direction control photoelectric switch and sun tracker. The working process is that the computer control software control signal is transmitted to the control signal output interface 1 of the printing port, and the control signal output interface 1 of the printing port is transmitted to the control signal receiving interface 2 through a network cable, such as a 400-meter network cable, and the control signal receiving interface 2 is controlled by a logic circuit The electronic switch and the reset signal are used to select the X and Y rotation directions of the sun tracker to control the sun tracker.

Fig. 2 is the physical picture of the sun tracker, with a U-shape shading ball follower rod on the side of both arms, and a stainless steel ball shading.

In Fig. 3, the stepper motor control interface of the two-dimensional sun tracker is formed by the signal sending part 1, the signal receiving part 2 and the transmission line.

The signal sending part 1 includes: the computer printing port is optically isolated, the signal power is boosted 4, the long-distance driving circuit interface 5, and the first 9-pin connector 6 . The signal receiving part 2 includes: a second 9-pin connector 7, a long-distance transmission interface circuit 8, a signal logic control circuit 9, a motor socket 13 for driving the pitch rotation, a socket 10 for the motor driving the horizontal rotation, a reset signal socket 11 for the pitch direction, and a signal socket 11 for the horizontal direction. Reset signal socket 12, two photoelectric switch circuit boards 3. The working process is to transmit the signal of the computer printing port of the sending part 1 to the optical isolation in sequence, the signal power amplifier 4, the long-distance drive circuit interface 5, the first 9-pin connector 6, and then pass through the transmission line, for example, up to 1000 meters long The transmission line is transmitted to the signal receiving part 2, and then transmitted to the second 9-pin connector 7, the long-distance transmission interface circuit 8, the signal logic control circuit 9, the pitch rotation motor signal socket 13, the horizontal rotation motor socket 10, and the pitch direction The reset signal socket 11 and the horizontal direction reset signal socket 12 connect the two photoelectric switch circuit boards 3 to the signal logic control circuit 9 .

The output port circuit of the stepping motor drive circuit of Fig. 4, wherein Z1 is a computer printing port, signal optical isolation and power amplifier 4, connected in series by photoelectric isolation devices U05, U06, U07, U08 and inverting amplifiers U13C, U13D, U13E, U13F The output signal of the photoelectric isolation device is amplified by the inverter. The model of the photoelectric isolation device is 4N32, and the inverting amplifier is 4069. The long-distance drive circuit interface 5 is composed of drivers U14A, U14B, U14C, and U14D, and the model is MC3487. Z2 is a 9-pin connector, and the signal is output through the 9-pin connector.

The receiving port circuit of the stepping motor drive circuit in Fig. 5, Z3 is a 9-pin connector, corresponding to the signal receiving part 2 in Fig. 3, and the long-distance transmission interface circuit 8 is composed of receiving amplifiers U39A, U39B, U39C, and U39D, and U39C has conversion in series Amplifiers U42A and U42B, U39D have inverting amplifier U40A connected in series, receiving amplifier U39A, U39B, U39C, U39D model is MC3486, non-inverting amplifier U42A, U42B model is 7407, inverting amplifier U40A model is CD4069, input signal of 9-pin connector Amplified by the above-mentioned output amplifier respectively. The signal logic control circuit 9 is composed of an exclusive OR gate, an inverter, and a controllable switch. The D2 signal is connected to the exclusive OR gates U41A and U41D through the receiver U39B, and then respectively connected to the inverting amplifiers U40E and U40B. The D1 signal is passed through the receiving amplifier U39D One path is connected to the controllable switch U30A through the amplifier U40A, the controllable switch U30A is connected in series with the controllable switch U30B, the other path of U39D is connected to the controllable switch U30C, the controllable switch U30C is connected in series with the controllable switch U30D, and the D0 signal passes through the receiving amplifier U39A respectively It is connected to the controllable switch U30A and the controllable switch U30C, wherein U30A and U30B are serially output to the non-inverting amplifier U42E, and U30C and U30D are serially output to the non-inverting amplifier U42F. The outputs of non-inverting amplifiers U42A and U42E are connected to the output of socket 3 of the pitch stepping motor driver, the outputs of amplifiers U42B and U42F are connected to the output of socket 4 of the horizontal stepping motor driver, and the reset signal of the photoelectric switch circuit board 3 passes through socket 11 and socket 3 respectively. 12 is connected to XOR gates U41A and U41D.

Exclusive OR gates U41A and U41D are CD4070, inverting amplifiers U40E and U40B are 4069, controllable switches U30A, U30B, U30C and U30D are CD4066, non-inverting amplifiers U42E and U42F are 7407.

In the reset signal control circuit of Fig. 6, two photoelectric switch circuit boards 3 are composed of photoelectric switch devices U52 and U56, and their model is GW102. The photoelectric switch devices are respectively installed corresponding to the horizontal rotation positioning baffle plate and the pitch rotation positioning baffle plate.

The horizontal rotation and pitch rotation of the tracker are realized by the stepping motor driving the deceleration worm gear. There is a meshing gap between the worm and the worm gear teeth, and the gap will increase with use and wear. The positioning baffle plate enters and leaves the photoelectric switch to produce high and The low level of change, combined with commands from the software, eliminates gear backlash before normal tracking begins. The working conditions are described as follows with horizontal drive: when the tracker is reset, the horizontal is reversed. At this time, the software commands the D2 port to be high, the reset signal is low, the exclusive OR gate U41D outputs high, and the phase is reversed by U40B, and the controllable switch is selected. U30D, the drive pulse passes through, and the stepper motor rotates. When the baffle plate enters the photoelectric switch, the reset signal changes from low level to high level, and the level of the exclusive OR gate U41D becomes low. After U40B reverses the phase, the controllable switch U30D is turned off, the tracker stops rotating, and the reset is completed. At this time, the gap On the side of the reverse movement, it needs to rotate normally to track the sun. Therefore, before starting to track, the reset signal is high level, and the software commands the D2 port to be low, so that the controllable switch U30D is gated, and the tracker rotates forward. As soon as the baffle leaves the photoelectric switch, the reset signal level becomes low, the output state of the XOR gate U41D changes, the controllable switch U30D is turned off, the tracker stops at the starting position and prepares for normal tracking, and the gap has been eliminated. After the software calculates the number of tracking steps, command the D2 port to be high level, select the controllable switch U30D, and drive the pulse to the stepper motor driver. (Note that D0, D1, D2, and D3 signals are sent out in parallel, and other descriptions are omitted here).

The sun tracker is used for the observation and research of direct solar radiation and spectroscopic radiation. The two-dimensional solar tracker realizes the requirement of accurate automatic and continuous tracking of the sun for observation. The stepping motor control interface of the two-dimensional solar tracker realizes the The computer and general-purpose software can control the two-dimensional sun tracker to accurately track the sun. The direct function of the interface is to control the two stepper motors to move in the forward and reverse directions, which is suitable for other similar occasions.

Advantages and effects of the present invention:

The accuracy of solar radiation observed by the tracker is guaranteed, and it can work automatically and continuously around the clock. The universal and economical interface between the computer and the stepper motor driver is simple and practical, and the combination of standard parts is adopted, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement, and easy to operate. Realize remote control, easy to popularize and use.

Combined with the software, the sun tracker can run continuously by itself without turning on and off the computer every day. In case of a power outage, the instrument will automatically compensate for the tracking loss caused by the downtime after the power is turned on, and restore accurate tracking. The tracker can also be reset at any time. , The reset is controlled by a photoelectric switch, and the positioning is accurate.

Example

Realize long-distance control observation. Installed on a 320-meter meteorological observation tower, it is used to study the mechanism of changes in urban pollution components and the relationship between pollutant gradient changes in the boundary layer and solar radiation.

Claims (12)

1. a solar tracking instrument system is characterized in that, comprising: computer control software, LPT control signal output interface (1), control signal receiving interface (2), X, Y direction control optoelectronic switch and sun tracker; LPT control signal output interface (1) is connected to control signal receiving interface (2) through signal wire, the output signal of control signal receiving interface (2) and X, Y direction control photoelectric switching signal, and output is connected to sun tracker after logic control.

2. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, include in the sun tracker: two-dimentional sun tracker step motor control interface, wherein:

LPT control signal output interface (1) comprising: computer printout mouth signal optoisolator and signal power amplifier (4), long apart from drive interface (5), the one 9 pin connector (6);

Control signal receiving interface (2) comprising: the 29 pin connector (7), long distance transmission interface circuit (8), signal logic control circuit (9), two photoswitch circuit plates (3);

The stepping pulse signal D0 of the computer printout mouth output of LPT control signal output interface (1), selection of Motor signal D1, reset, shift out signals in situ D2, optoisolator is given in direction control signal D3 synchronous driving, and signal carried out power amplification, exports stepping pulse signal D0 by long apart from drive interface (5), the one 9 pin connector (6) and transmission line again by signal power amplifier (4), selection of Motor signal D1, reset, shift out signals in situ D2, direction control signal D3;

Control signal receiving interface (2) receives the stepping pulse signal D0 of LPT control signal output interface (1) output, selection of Motor signal D1, reset, shift out signals in situ D2, direction control signal D3, through the 29 pin connector (7), long distance transmission interface circuit (8) is to signal logic control circuit (9), the stepping pulse signal D0 one tunnel of LPT control signal output interface (1) connects the polyphone of gate-controlled switch U30A and gate-controlled switch U30B, connect pitching motor through in-phase amplifier U42E to socket (13), another road of stepping pulse signal D0 connects the polyphone of gate-controlled switch U30C and gate-controlled switch U30D, process in-phase amplifier U42F is to socket (10) water receiving ordinary telegram machine;

The selection of Motor signal D1 of LPT control signal output interface (1) is by the long control end that connects gate-controlled switch U30C apart from drive interface (5) a tunnel, another road of selection of Motor signal D1 is used to select stepping pulse signal D0 by pitching or horizontal signal passage through the control end that inverting amplifier U40A connects gate-controlled switch U30A;

Reset, shift out signals in situ D2 one tunnel is connected XOR gate U41A with socket 11 reset signals through amplifier U39B input end, reset, shift out another road of signals in situ D2 is connected XOR gate U41D with socket 12 reset signals through amplifier U39B input end, the output of XOR gate U41A and XOR gate U41D is connected respectively to the input end of reverser U40F and U40B, and be connected to gate-controlled switch U30B and U30D by phase inverter U40F and U40B, reach the break-make of control step pulse signal D0, realize the control pitching rotating electric machine or horizontally rotate motor to motor.

3. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, signal power amplifier (4) is composed in series respectively by photoelectric isolating device U05, U06, U07, U08 and inverting amplifier U13C, U13D, U13E, U13F, and the output signal of photoelectric isolating device is amplified by inverting amplifier.

4. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 3, it is characterized in that the model of photoelectric isolating device U05, U06, U07, U08 is 4N32, inverting amplifier U13C, U13D, U13E, U13F model are 4069.

5. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, length is made up of driver U14A, U14B, U14C, U14D apart from drive interface (5), stepping pulse signal D0, selection of Motor signal D1, reset, shift out signals in situ D2, direction control signal D3 exports through the one 9 pin connector (6).

6. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 5, it is characterized in that driver U14A, U14B, U14C, U14D model are MC3487.

7. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, long distance transmission interface circuit (8) is made up of reception amplifier U39A, U39B, U39C, U39D, reception amplifier U39C is in series with in-phase amplifier U42A and U42B, reception amplifier U39D is in series with inverting amplifier U40A, and the output signal of 9 pin connectors promotes signal through above-mentioned output amplifier respectively and drives output.

8. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 7, it is characterized in that reception amplifier U39A, U39B, U39C, U39D model are MC3486, in-phase amplifier U42A, U42B model are 7407, and inverting amplifier U40A model is CD4069.

9. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 2, it is characterized in that signal logic control circuit (9) is made up of XOR gate, inverting amplifier, gate-controlled switch.

10. according to the solar tracking instrument system of claim 9, it is characterized in that XOR gate U41A, U41D model are CD4070, inverting amplifier U40E, U40B model are 4069, gate-controlled switch U30A, U30B, U30C, U30D model are CD4066, and in-phase amplifier U42E, U42F model are 7407.

11. solar tracking instrument system according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that, the output of in-phase amplifier U42A, U42E is connected to the output of pitching stepper motor driver socket (13), the output of in-phase amplifier U42B, U42F is connected to the output of horizontal stepper motor driver socket (10), and the reset signal of photoswitch circuit plate (3) is connected respectively to XOR gate U41A, U41D.

12. solar tracking instrument system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, photoswitch circuit plate (3) is made up of photoelectric switching device U52, U56, and its model is GW102, and applied in any combination horizontally rotates location plate washer and pitch rotation location plate washer in photoelectric switching device.

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