CN100387020C - Method of Transferring IPv4-IPv6 Address Mapping Relationship Using Overlapping Network - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of Internet, which is characterized in that the present invention is a method for transmitting IPv6 overIPv4 tunnel endpoint information on IPv4 by a P2P overlapping network, and the method is operated on an IPv4/IPv6 dual stack router and an IPv4/IPv6 dual stack three-layer switch. Therefore, six kinds of control groupings and four kinds of adjacency states are set on a P2P overlapping network node, a central registering machine is arranged to receive joining request of new nodes, and a relevant protocol process, a protocol grouping type and a protocol state machine are designed to establish and maintain the P2P overlapping network, keep a neighbor relationship and transmit tunnel endpoint information. Experiments prove that the method can complete the diffusion and the renewal of the tunnel endpoint information, and meanwhile, the method can ensure the 100% communication of the P2P overlapping network. The present invention has the characteristics of distribution type and high reliability.

Description

Method of Transferring IPv4-IPv6 Address Mapping Relationship Using Overlapping Network

technical field

The method for transferring the mapping relationship between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses by using an overlapping network belongs to the technical field of the Internet, and in particular relates to tunnel technology for interconnecting IPv4 and IPv6 networks.

Background technique

During the transition of the Internet from IPv4 to IPv6, the IPv6 network in the IPv4 network, that is, the IPv6 "island", generally adopts IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling technology to obtain IPv6 support because there is no direct connection with the IPv6 backbone network. Commonly used tunneling technologies include 6to4 technology and configuration tunneling. Since the 6to4 tunnel uses an IPv6 address with a special prefix, it needs to be replaced with a normal IPv6 address after the transition is completed, so it can only be used as a temporary access method. Therefore, it is generally recommended to use configured tunnels to access IPv6 networks. The disadvantage of configuring the tunnel is that manual configuration is required, and the management overhead is high. Although the tunnel broker, that is, Tunnel Broker, can automatically establish and maintain the configuration tunnel, no matter which method is used, there will be one or a few access points responsible for forwarding the above-mentioned IPv6 "islands" access traffic from other IPv6 networks. This architecture has a single point of failure, which can easily become a network bottleneck, and the traffic between IPv6 "islands" itself can be directly forwarded through the IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel between IPv6 "islands". The key to establishing a tunnel is to obtain the IPv4 address of the tunnel endpoint and the reachable IPv6 address range, how to assist the IPv6 "island" gateway to obtain the tunnel endpoint information of other IPv6 "island" gateways is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for transferring IPv6 tunnel end point information, that is, the mapping relationship between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, using an overlay network on an IPv4 network.

The present invention is characterized in that: this is a kind of method that runs on IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack router and IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack three-layer switchboard and utilizes P2P overlapping network to transmit IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel end point information on IPv4, and this method contains following successively step:

Step 1. Initialize,

Maintain a tunnel endpoint information database for each P2P overlay network node to save known tunnel endpoint information, each piece of information in the database includes:

a1. Serial number: Incremental, used to mark the new and old information, that is, the larger the serial number, the newer the information;

b1.IPv4 address: indicates the IPv4 address of the tunnel endpoint;

c1.IPv6 address range: indicates the reachable IPv6 address range of the tunnel endpoint;

d1. Valid bit: mark whether the information is valid; 0 means invalid, 1 means valid;

e1. Latest update time: record the latest update time of the information, as the basis for deleting information that has not been updated after timeout;

Set the following 6 control groups for each P2P overlay network node, which are used for P2P overlay network establishment and maintenance, tunnel endpoint information diffusion and update:

a. Call group: establish and maintain neighbor relationship, divided into type 0 and type 1; type 0 call group is used to establish neighbor relationship with unfamiliar nodes, and type 1 call group is used to maintain neighbor relationship with existing neighbor nodes;

b. Update grouping: complete the work of updating the information in the local tunnel endpoint information database to neighbors;

c. Confirm group: complete the work of confirming the received update group;

d. Request grouping: perform the work of requesting the tunnel endpoint information owned by the neighbor;

e. Registration group: register with the central registration machine and request to join the P2P overlay network;

f. Reply packet: as a reply to the registration packet, it carries part of the P2P node IPv4 address information, and assists the new node to join the P2P overlay network;

Set the following four P2P overlay network neighbor relationship states for each P2P overlay network node, and use them together with the six control groups:

a. Initial: Indicates the initial state of the neighbor relationship;

b. One-way link: Indicates the one-way link of the confirmed neighbor leading to the node;

c. Two-way link: indicates that the two-way link between the neighbor and the node has been confirmed;

d. Updated: Indicates that the information in the local tunnel endpoint information database has been updated to the neighbor;

Set the central registration machine to join the P2P overlay network as an ordinary node, maintain the real-time IPv4 address information of all nodes in the P2P overlay network, and assist new nodes to join the P2P overlay network;

Step 2. The new node registers to join the P2P overlay network as follows:

Step 2.1. The new node sends a registration packet to the central registration machine, requesting to join the P2P overlay network;

Step 2.2. The central registration machine sends the IPv4 address information of some randomly selected P2P nodes to the new node using the reply packet;

Step 2.3.

If the new node receives the reply packet, then according to the obtained part of the node IPv4 address information, send a type 0 call packet to these nodes and set the neighbor status as initial;

If the new node does not receive a reply packet over time, then jump to step 2.1;

Step 3. Follow the steps below to establish and maintain the P2P overlay network neighbor relationship and complete the diffusion and update of tunnel endpoint information:

Step 3.1. When the neighbor node state is initial:

If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor;

If the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is set as a bidirectional link, and the request packet is sent to the neighbor;

Step 3.2. When the state of the neighbor node is a unidirectional link:

If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, keep the status of the neighbor node as a one-way link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor;

If the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is set as a bidirectional link, and the request packet is sent to the neighbor;

If the request packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is set as a bidirectional link, and an update packet is sent to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor;

Step 3.3. When the state of the neighbor node is a bidirectional link:

If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor;

If receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor, keep the state of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send the request packet to the neighbor;

If the request packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is kept as a bidirectional link, and an update packet is sent to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor;

If the update packet sent by the neighbor is received, keep the state of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, send a confirmation packet to the neighbor, and spread the received updated tunnel endpoint information to all neighbors with the update packet;

If the acknowledgment packet sent by the neighbor is received, set the status of the neighbor node as updated;

Step 3.4. When the neighbor node status has been updated:

If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor;

If the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor is received, the status of the neighbor node is kept as updated;

If the request packet sent by the neighbor is received, the status of the neighbor node is kept as updated, and an update packet is sent to the neighbor to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor;

If the update packet sent by the neighbor is received, the status of the neighbor node is kept as updated, a confirmation packet is sent to the neighbor, and the received updated tunnel endpoint information is diffused to all neighbors with the update packet;

If the acknowledgment packet sent by the neighbor is received, keep the status of the neighbor node as updated;

Step 3.5. If the call packet from the neighbor is not received within the timeout, set the state of the neighbor node as initial.

Through the above-mentioned P2P overlay network, the diffusion and update of tunnel endpoint information can be completed, and it can assist IPv6 "islands" to automatically establish IPv6 over IPv4 configuration tunnels between IPv6 "islands"; in addition, through experimental verification, this method can ensure P2P overlay network 100% connectivity, therefore, the method also has the characteristics of distribution and high reliability. This shows that the present invention has reached the expected purpose.

Description of drawings

Figure 1. Network connection diagram:

←-----Represents registering to join the P2P network, ..........Represents P2P neighbors

Figure 2. New node registration state machine:

表示超时没有收到回复分组，

Indicates that the reply packet has not been received over time,

表示接收到回复分组；

Indicates that a reply packet is received;

Figure 3. Neighborhood transition state machine:

表示接收到0型呼叫分组，

Indicates that a type 0 call packet is received,

Indicates that a type 1 call packet is received,

Indicates that a request packet has been received,

Indicates receipt of an acknowledgment packet,

表示接收到更新分组，

Indicates that an update packet has been received,

表示超时没有收到呼叫分组。

Indicates that the call packet has not been received over time.

Detailed ways

The present invention designs a method that runs on IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack routers and IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack three-layer switches using P2P overlay network to transmit IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel endpoint information on IPv4, and designs the establishment and maintenance of P2P overlay network, maintenance Neighbor relationship and related protocol process for transmitting tunnel endpoint information, protocol packet type and protocol state machine.

This method constitutes a distributed unstructured P2P overlay network by randomly selecting nodes as P2P overlay relationship neighbors, and provides access services for new nodes through a central registration machine; the entire network topology is shown in Figure 1, and the IPv6 "island" boundary The gateway forms a P2P overlay network through the central registration machine to transmit P2P nodes, that is, tunnel endpoint information.

Each P2P overlay network node maintains a tunnel endpoint information database to store known tunnel endpoint information. Each piece of information in the database includes the following contents:

a. Serial number: Incremental, used to mark the old and new information, that is, the larger the serial number, the newer the information;

b. IPv4 address: indicates the IPv4 address of the tunnel endpoint;

c. IPv6 address range: indicates the reachable IPv6 address range of the tunnel endpoint;

d. Valid bit: mark whether the information is valid; 0 means invalid, 1 means valid;

e. Latest update time: Record the latest update time of the information as the basis for deleting information that has not been updated after timeout.

The central registration machine provides access services for new nodes, and needs to maintain and update the IPv4 address information of all P2P nodes. Since the tunnel endpoint information transmitted by the P2P overlay network contains the IPv4 address of the P2P node, the central registration machine can be added as an ordinary node. In the P2P overlay network, update the P2P node IPv4 address information through the update mechanism of the P2P overlay network. The functions of the central registration machine include:

a. Participate in the information update of the P2P overlay network as an ordinary node, and maintain the IPv4 address information of all nodes in the P2P overlay network;

b. After receiving the registration request of the new node, randomly select some node IPv4 addresses from all P2P node IPv4 address information, reply to the new node, and assist the new node to join the P2P overlay network.

This method uses 6 kinds of control groups to complete the establishment and maintenance of P2P overlay network, the diffusion and update of tunnel endpoint information, etc.:

a. Call group: establish and maintain neighbor relationship, divided into type 0 and type 1; type 0 call group is used to establish neighbor relationship with unfamiliar nodes, and type 1 call group is used to maintain neighbor relationship with existing neighbor nodes;

b. Update grouping: complete the work of updating the information in the local tunnel endpoint information database to neighbors;

c. Confirm group: complete the work of confirming the received update group;

d. Request grouping: perform the work of requesting the tunnel endpoint information owned by the neighbor;

e. Registration group: register with the central registration machine and request to join the P2P overlay network;

f. Reply packet: As a reply to the registration packet, it carries some P2P node IPv4 address information to assist new nodes to join the P2P overlay network.

This method defines 4 kinds of P2P overlapping network neighbor relationship states, combined with the first 4 of the above 6 kinds of control groups, to complete the establishment and maintenance of overlapping neighbor relationships, the diffusion and update of tunnel endpoint information, etc. The neighbor states include:

a. Initial: Indicates the initial state of the neighbor relationship;

b. One-way link: Indicates the one-way link of the confirmed neighbor leading to the node;

c. Two-way link: indicates that the two-way link between the neighbor and the node has been confirmed;

d. Updated: Indicates that the information in the local tunnel endpoint information database has been updated to the neighbor.

When a new node registers to join the P2P overlay network, it first obtains some P2P node IPv4 address information through the central registration machine, and then establishes a neighbor relationship with these nodes. The registration state machine is shown in Figure 2, including the following steps:

a. The new node sends a registration packet to the central registration machine, requesting to join the P2P overlay network;

b. The central registration machine uses the reply packet to send the randomly selected part of the P2P node IPv4 address information to the new node;

c. If:

i. the new node receives the reply packet, then according to the obtained part of the node IPv4 address information, sends the 0-type call packet to these nodes and sets the neighbor status as initial;

ii. If the new node does not receive a reply packet within a timeout, then jump to a.

P2P overlay network neighbor relationship establishment and maintenance and tunnel endpoint information diffusion and update state machine are shown in Figure 3, described as follows, if:

a. Neighbor node status is initial, if:

i. Receive the type 0 call packet sent by the neighbor, then set the state of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send the type 1 call packet to the neighbor;

ii. After receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send the request packet to the neighbor;

b. The status of the neighbor node is a one-way link, if:

i. Receive the type 0 call packet sent by the neighbor, then keep the state of the neighbor node as a one-way link, and send the type 1 call packet to the neighbor;

ii. After receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send the request packet to the neighbor;

iii. After receiving the request packet sent by the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send an update packet to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor;

c. The status of the neighbor node is a bidirectional link, if:

i. Receive the type 0 call packet sent by the neighbor, then set the state of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send the type 1 call packet to the neighbor;

ii. After receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor, keep the state of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send the request packet to the neighbor;

iii. After receiving the request packet sent by the neighbor, keep the status of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send an update packet to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor;

iv. After receiving the update packet sent by the neighbor, keep the state of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, send a confirmation packet to the neighbor, and spread the received updated tunnel endpoint information to all neighbors with the update packet;

v. After receiving the acknowledgment packet sent by the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as updated;

d. Neighbor node status has been updated, if:

i. Receive the type 0 call packet sent by the neighbor, then set the state of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send the type 1 call packet to the neighbor;

ii. After receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor, keep the state of the neighbor node as updated;

iii. After receiving the request packet sent by the neighbor, keep the status of the neighbor node as updated, and send an update packet to the neighbor to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor;

iv. After receiving the update packet sent by the neighbor, keep the status of the neighbor node as updated, send a confirmation packet to the neighbor, and spread the received updated tunnel endpoint information to all neighbors with the update packet;

v. Receive the acknowledgment packet sent by the neighbor, and keep the status of the neighbor node as updated;

e. If no call packet from the neighbor is received after timeout, including type 0 call packet and type 1 call packet, set the state of the neighbor node as initial.

After the node receives the update packet sent by the neighbor, it sends an acknowledgment packet to the neighbor to confirm the receipt of the update information. For each piece of tunnel endpoint information in the received update packet, if the information exists locally, but the sequence number is not as large as that of the received information, or the information does not exist locally, update the local tunnel endpoint information database; otherwise, update the local tunnel endpoint information database; The corresponding local tunnel endpoint information is added to the new update packet and sent to the above neighbor nodes; at the same time, according to the updated local tunnel endpoint information database, the update packet is used to send the just updated information to other neighbors.

Every 1800s, the node adds 1 to the serial number of its own tunnel endpoint information, and uses update packets to spread to neighbor nodes; at the same time, the tunnel endpoint information whose latest update time is greater than 3*1800s is deleted from the tunnel endpoint information database.

When the node exits normally, it will add 1 to its own corresponding information sequence number in the local tunnel endpoint information database, and the effective position is 0, and send it to the neighbors through the update packet, and only after receiving at least one confirmation packet from the neighbor or when all the sending times out quit.

When the node's IPv4 address changes, it first sends exit information to the neighbors through an update packet, and then the connection center registration machine rejoins the P2P overlay network. When the reachable IPv6 address range of a node changes, it can be immediately updated by updating packets in the P2P overlay network.

Neighbors in the P2P overlapping network maintain adjacency through call packets, and the node sends a Type 1 call packet every 10s to neighbors in the neighbor list whose status is: unidirectional link/two-way link/updated.

After continuous 3*10s without receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the one-way link/two-way link/updated state neighbor, it is considered that the neighbor node is invalid, and the neighbor is set to the initial state. At the same time, the local tunnel endpoint information The corresponding information sequence number of the neighbor in the database is +1, and the effective position is 0, and it is sent to other neighbors through the update control packet.

When the number of neighbors in the non-initial state in the local neighbor list is less than 5, randomly select nodes that are not existing neighbors from the local tunnel endpoint information database to try to establish a neighbor relationship, and repeat until the number of neighbors in the non-initial state is greater than or equal to 5 , or until the nodes in the local tunnel endpoint information database are all existing neighbors; when the nodes in the local tunnel endpoint information database are all existing neighbors and no neighbor is in a non-initial state, reconnect to the central registration machine for registration.

Claims (1)

1. The method for transferring IPv4 and IPv6 address mapping relation with overlapping network is characterized in that: this is a kind of operation on IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack router and IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack three-layer switchboard utilizing P2P overlapping network to transfer IPv6 on IPv4 A method for overIPv4 tunnel endpoint information, the method includes the following steps in turn: Step 1. Initialize, Maintain a tunnel endpoint information database for each P2P overlay network node to save known tunnel endpoint information, each piece of information in the database includes: a. Serial number: Incremental, used to mark the old and new information, that is, the larger the serial number, the newer the information; b. IPv4 address: indicates the IPv4 address of the tunnel endpoint; c. IPv6 address range: indicates the reachable IPv6 address range of the tunnel endpoint; d. Valid bit: mark whether the information is valid; 0 means invalid, 1 means valid; e. Latest update time: record the latest update time of the information as the basis for deleting information that has not been updated after timeout; Set the following 6 control groups for each P2P overlay network node, which are used for P2P overlay network establishment and maintenance, tunnel endpoint information diffusion and update: a. Call group: establish and maintain neighbor relationship, divided into type 0 and type 1; type 0 call group is used to establish neighbor relationship with unfamiliar nodes, and type 1 call group is used to maintain neighbor relationship with existing neighbor nodes; b. Update grouping: complete the work of updating the information in the local tunnel endpoint information database to neighbors; c. Confirm group: complete the work of confirming the received update group; d. Request grouping: carry out the work of requesting the tunnel endpoint information owned by the neighbor; e. Registration group: register with the central registration machine and request to join the P2P overlay network; f. Reply packet: as a reply to the registration packet, it carries part of the P2P node IPv4 address information, and assists the new node to join the P2P overlay network; Set the following four P2P overlay network neighbor relationship states for each P2P overlay network node, and use them together with the six control groups: a. Initial: Indicates the initial state of the neighbor relationship; b. One-way link: Indicates the one-way link of the confirmed neighbor leading to the node; c. Two-way link: indicates that the two-way link between the neighbor and the node has been confirmed; d. Updated: Indicates that the information in the local tunnel endpoint information database has been updated to the neighbor; Set the central registration machine to join the P2P overlay network as an ordinary node, maintain the real-time IPv4 address information of all nodes in the P2P overlay network, and assist new nodes to join the P2P overlay network; Step 2. The new node registers to join the P2P overlay network as follows: Step 2.1. The new node sends a registration packet to the central registration machine, requesting to join the P2P overlay network; Step 2.2. The central registration machine sends the IPv4 address information of some randomly selected P2P nodes to the new node using the reply packet; Step 2.3. If the new node receives the reply packet, then according to the obtained part of the node IPv4 address information, send a type 0 call packet to these nodes and set the neighbor status as initial; If the new node does not receive a reply packet over time, then jump to step 2.1; Step 3. Follow the steps below to establish and maintain the P2P overlay network neighbor relationship and complete the diffusion and update of tunnel endpoint information: Step 3.1. When the neighbor node state is initial: If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor; If the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is set as a bidirectional link, and the request packet is sent to the neighbor; Step 3.2. When the state of the neighbor node is a unidirectional link: If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, keep the status of the neighbor node as a one-way link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor; If the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is set as a bidirectional link, and the request packet is sent to the neighbor; If the request packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is set as a bidirectional link, and an update packet is sent to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor; Step 3.3. When the state of the neighbor node is a bidirectional link: If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor; If receiving the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor, keep the state of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, and send the request packet to the neighbor; If the request packet sent by the neighbor is received, the state of the neighbor node is kept as a bidirectional link, and an update packet is sent to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor; If the update packet sent by the neighbor is received, keep the state of the neighbor node as a bidirectional link, send a confirmation packet to the neighbor, and spread the received updated tunnel endpoint information to all neighbors with the update packet; If the acknowledgment packet sent by the neighbor is received, set the status of the neighbor node as updated; Step 3.4. When the neighbor node status has been updated: If a type 0 paging packet is received from the neighbor, set the status of the neighbor node as a unidirectional link, and send a type 1 paging packet to the neighbor; If the type 1 call packet sent by the neighbor is received, the status of the neighbor node is kept as updated; If the request packet sent by the neighbor is received, the status of the neighbor node is kept as updated, and an update packet is sent to the neighbor to update the locally owned tunnel endpoint information to the neighbor; If the update packet sent by the neighbor is received, the status of the neighbor node is kept as updated, a confirmation packet is sent to the neighbor, and the received updated tunnel endpoint information is diffused to all neighbors with the update packet; If the confirmation packet sent by the neighbor is received, keep the state of the neighbor node as updated; Step 3.5. If the call packet from the neighbor is not received within the timeout, set the state of the neighbor node as initial.

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