CN100376055C - A flow battery that passes electrolyte through porous electrodes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of liquid flow battery stack structure, and is characterized in that: comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals and penetrating through the thickness direction of the flow guide plate are opened in the flow guide feed plate, so that the electrolyte directly passes through the electrode backing plate The porous electrode makes the active material in the electrolyte fully contact with the three-dimensional electrode, improves the electrochemical redox reaction speed, and increases the current density of the flow battery in the process of electric energy conversion. At the same time, a collector plate with a conductive screen is used to conduct the current of the porous electrode, which saves the bipolar plate of the previous flow battery, simplifies the battery structure, and reduces the manufacturing cost.

Description

A flow battery that passes electrolyte through porous electrodes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy conversion and storage, in particular to a technical method for manufacturing a liquid flow battery.

Background technique

Using renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy to generate electricity is one of the important ways for human beings to obtain energy from nature in the future. Since the power generation of wind energy and solar energy varies significantly with day and night, it is difficult to maintain a stable power output. It needs to cooperate with a certain scale of power storage devices to form a complete power supply system to ensure continuous and stable power supply. Therefore, the development of energy storage systems with high power conversion efficiency, large storage capacity, and good economic performance has become the key to the development of renewable and clean energy. Among various forms of energy storage devices, such as water storage energy storage power stations, high-speed flywheel mechanical energy storage, cold and hot temperature difference energy storage, etc., electrochemical energy storage has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency and strong mobility, which has attracted research by various countries. Personnel paid great attention. Different forms of fuel cell technologies are gradually maturing; maintenance-free lead-acid battery technology lays the foundation for the development of the automobile industry. However, because the former mainly uses hydrogen or methanol as fuel, the device and process are complicated, the cost is expensive, and it is difficult to be accepted by the economy and society; The system is popularized and applied as a large-scale energy storage technology, and seeking new solutions has become an inevitable choice in the development process of renewable energy. The liquid flow battery system has the functions of electric energy storage and high-efficiency conversion, long service life, environmental protection, and safety. It is easy to match with wind energy and solar power generation, greatly reduces equipment cost, and provides technical guarantee for the utilization of renewable energy. Used for energy storage in the power grid system, it can avoid the disadvantages of long construction period and harsh geographical conditions for pumped storage power stations. It is suitable for uninterruptible power supply of medium-scale factories and mines, hotels and restaurants, and government departments, and can effectively improve the power supply quality of the power grid. Complete the function of "shifting peaks and filling valleys" of the power grid.

Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) is a new type of chemical power source. It realizes the storage and release of electric energy through the mutual transformation of vanadium ions in different valence states. It uses the same element to form a battery system, which avoids positive and negative in principle. Cross-contamination caused by interpenetration of different types of active materials between half-cells. Using vanadium ions in different valence states dissolved in the electrolyte as the positive and negative active materials of the battery, the positive and negative electrolytes are stored separately, which in principle avoids self-discharge during battery storage, and is suitable for large-scale energy storage applications. When the power of wind energy and solar power generation devices exceeds the rated output power, the electric energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in ions of different valence states by charging the flow battery; when the power generation device cannot meet the rated output power, the flow battery Start discharging, convert the stored chemical energy into electrical energy, and ensure stable electrical power output. Because the flow battery is of special significance to the power generation process of renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, it has received widespread attention as a key technology at home and abroad (US Pat6,764,789; US Pat App 20040170893; Chinese Patent Publication No.: 1567618A; 1598063A) .

In order to develop a large-scale flow battery energy storage system, a lot of research has been carried out around the stack structure of the flow battery. Through the design of the collector plate in the battery stack, the flow distribution of the electrolyte is changed to reduce the loss of flow resistance (US Pat App20030087156). In existing all-vanadium redox flow batteries, conductive materials with porous three-dimensional structures are usually used as electrodes, such as porous metals, carbon felts, graphite felts, etc., in order to obtain higher current densities. When the electrolyte flows through the surface of the porous electrode in parallel, the electrolyte is evenly distributed by using the diversion groove to avoid the phenomenon of "biased flow" and improve the performance of the battery (US Pat6, 475, 661; US Pat App 20030087156). Since the active substances in the electrolyte diffuse slowly inside the porous electrode, only the electrode material near the surface layer provides the redox electrochemical reaction interface, and the electrode material in the deep layer is difficult to play a role, reducing the actual use effect of the porous three-dimensional electrode. In order to solve this problem, the present invention proposes a flow mode in which the electrolyte directly passes through the porous electrode, instead of the original electrolyte flowing parallel to the surface of the electrode, so that the active material in the electrolyte can fully contact the three-dimensional electrode and increase the electrochemical efficiency. The reaction interface area can promote the electrochemical redox reaction and increase the current density of the flow battery. Utilizing the novel flow battery structure of the present invention, the flow process of the electrolyte through the porous electrode can be realized, and at the same time, the uniform distribution of the electrolyte on the electrode can be taken into account, and the conversion and storage efficiency of electrical energy and chemical energy in the all-vanadium redox flow battery can be significantly improved .

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel structure of a liquid flow battery, to accelerate the electrochemical reaction speed, and to improve the conversion and storage efficiency of electric energy and chemical energy.

The present invention is characterized in that:

The battery is composed of a plurality of cells connected in series, and each cell is composed of a positive half-cell and a negative half-cell in series, and each positive half-cell is composed of the following components made of elastic material in the position from bottom to top After alignment, they are arranged in sequence; ion exchange membrane 1, membrane side turbulence plate 2, membrane side deflector plate 3, collector plate 4, electrode liner plate 5, diversion feed plate 6 and feed separator 7, in the There is an electrode frame in the middle of the electrode backing plate 5, and the porous electrode 8 is housed in the frame; each negative electrode half-cell is composed of the same parts aligned in sequence from top to bottom; the ion exchange membrane (1) , membrane side turbulence plate (2), membrane side deflector plate (3), collector plate (4), electrode lining plate (5), diversion feed plate (6) and feed separator (7), in There is an electrode frame in the middle of the electrode liner (5), and a porous electrode (8) is housed in the frame; Exchange membrane 1, the flow passages of the two are in a symmetrical structure; between each single cell, between the positive half-cell and the negative half-cell in each single cell, between the components described in each positive half-cell or negative half-cell The gaps are compressed and sealed in close contact until the electrolyte does not leak. Under this condition, for each positive half-cell, where:

The feeding separator 7 has an anolyte inflow hole and a catholyte inflow hole in sequence at the rear of the left and right sides along the length direction, but the flow directions of the two electrolytes in the two holes are opposite;

The guide feed plate 6 has comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals at the rear of the left side along the length direction facing the anolyte inflow of the feed separator 7, and the comb-shaped grooves pass through the guide feed In the thickness direction of the plate 6, under the condition that the diversion feed plate 6 and the electrode backing plate 5 are pressed against each other, the anolyte is evenly distributed in the comb-shaped groove and guided to flow into the diversion feed plate 6 In the central area of the guide feed plate 6, there are comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals in the front of the guide feed plate 6, and the comb-shaped grooves pass through the thickness direction of the guide feed plate 6, and the anolyte flows through the comb-shaped grooves After the groove, it reaches the surface of the porous electrode 8 in the center of the electrode backing plate 5 located under the diversion feeding plate 6, and the non-penetrating part is convex;

Electrode backing plate 5, porous electrode 8 is housed in the electrode frame in the middle, anolyte passes through this porous electrode 8 and arrives on the screen that is positioned at the center of collector plate 4 below this electrode backing plate 5, along this electrode backing plate 5. There is a catholyte inflow hole at the right rear of the length direction, and the flow direction of the catholyte is opposite to the flow direction of the anolyte;

The collector plate 4 has a screen made of conductive material in the central part, and the anolyte flows downward through the screen; one side along the length direction of the collector plate 4 is provided with a conductive material connected to the screen. The protruding part is made to connect the wire, and there is a catholyte inflow hole on the right rear, and the flow direction of the catholyte is opposite to the flow direction of the anolyte;

Membrane-side baffle 3, along the front left side of the membrane-side baffle 3 in the length direction, there are comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals at the anolyte inlet of the membrane-side turbulence plate 2, and the comb-shaped grooves Through the thickness direction of the membrane-side deflector 3, the anolyte passes through the screen of the collector plate 4 and then enters the comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals in the center of the membrane-side deflector 3, and the comb-shaped The groove runs through the thickness direction of the membrane-side guide plate 3; under the condition that the membrane-side guide plate 3, the membrane-side turbulent plate 2, and the ion-exchange membrane 1 are pressed against each other, the anolyte passes through the guide plate located on the membrane side. The comb-shaped groove in the central part of the plate 3 is guided to the comb-shaped groove on the lower left side to pass through the membrane-side deflector 3 and flow into the anolyte inlet of the membrane-side turbulent plate 2, and the non-through part is convex;

Membrane-side turbulent plate 2 has catholyte inflow holes on the rear right side along the length direction of the membrane-side turbulent plate 2, and the flow direction of catholyte is opposite to the flow direction of anolyte; at the membrane-side turbulent plate 2 There is a screen in the central position;

The ion exchange membrane 1 has an anolyte inflow hole on the front left side along the length direction, and the anolyte flows into the ion exchange membrane 1 from the anolyte outflow hole on the left front side of the membrane side turbulent plate 2 along the length direction The anolyte flows into the hole and passes through the ion exchange membrane 1 to reach the negative electrode half-cell; there is a catholyte inflow hole at the rear of the right side of the ion exchange membrane along the length direction.

When the anolyte and the catholyte flow through the anode half-cell, their flow directions are in the same direction.

On each constituent member of the positive half-cell or the negative half-cell, many screw holes for external force locking are evenly distributed on the edges of the plates.

The screen on the collector plate 4 is in close contact with the porous electrode 8 on the electrode liner 5, and the current is derived from the porous electrode 8, passing through the screen and the surrounding conductive material connected to the screen. Pass out collector plate 4 afterward.

The anolyte and catholyte flow through the same component in the positive or negative half-cell, which is separated from each other by a border around the electrolyte.

On the guide feed plate 6, at the same time near the rear of the left side along the length direction, facing the anolyte inlet of the feed separator 7, there is a comb-shaped groove, and the The part of the comb-shaped groove located at the lower part of the guide feed plate runs through the guide feed plate 6 .

On the guide feed plate 6, at the same time near the rear of the left side along the length direction, facing the anolyte inlet of the feed separator 7, there is a comb-shaped groove, and the The part of the comb-shaped groove located at the lower part of the guide feed plate does not penetrate through the guide feed plate 6 .

After the positive half-cell is compressed and tightly contacted and sealed, the mutually compressed membrane-side turbulent plates 2, membrane-side deflectors 3, and collector plates 4 form a positive chamber, and the anolyte flows through the chamber. The comb-shaped groove on the upper part of the membrane-side deflector 3 is collected into the comb-shaped groove on the left front side of the membrane-side deflector 3 in the horizontal direction;

The electrolyte inflow hole on the feed separator 7, the comb-shaped groove on the left rear side in the horizontal direction on the diversion feed plate 6, and the flat plate at the corresponding position of the electrode liner 5 below are aligned and closely contacted, and the three Together constitute a diversion dark hole for the anolyte to flow into, through which the anolyte enters the central area of the diversion feeding plate 6;

The comb-shaped groove on the left side of the horizontal direction on the membrane side guide plate 3, the electrolyte inflow hole of the membrane side turbulent plate 2 below the membrane side guide plate 3, and the flat plate at the corresponding position of the collector plate 4, After alignment, they are in close contact, and the three together form a dark diversion hole through which the anolyte flows out, through which the anolyte flows out from the center of the membrane side deflector 3;

The catholyte passes through the ion exchange membrane 1, the membrane side turbulence plate 2, the membrane side guide plate 3, the collector plate 4, the electrode liner plate 5, the diversion feed plate 6 and the feed separator 7 from bottom to top, After the catholyte inflow holes on the components of the positive half-cell are aligned with each other, the components are compressed, the catholyte enters from the ion exchange membrane 1, flows through the components, passes through the feed separator 7, and then enters the lower part. a negative half-cell;

For the negative half-cell, it is structurally the same as said positive half-cell, and the catholyte flows in the negative half-cell in the same way as the anolyte flows in the above-mentioned positive half-cell;

Described ion-exchange membrane 1, membrane side turbulence plate 2, membrane side guide plate 3, collector plate 4, electrode backing plate 5, diversion feed plate 6 and feed divider 7 can be separately assembled after manufacturing respectively, also can It can be bonded into one or several components and then assembled into a stack.

The invention proposes a flow mode in which the electrolyte directly passes through the porous electrode, so that the active material in the electrolyte can fully contact the three-dimensional electrode, increase the interface area of the electrochemical reaction, promote the electrochemical redox reaction speed, and increase the current density of the flow battery . On this basis, a new type of flow battery structure is proposed to realize the flow process of the electrolyte directly passing through the porous electrode, while taking into account the uniform distribution of the electrolyte on the electrode, which significantly improves the conversion and storage of electrical energy and chemical energy in the all-vanadium redox flow battery. efficiency. Due to the use of the collector plate with a conductive screen to conduct the current of the porous electrode, the bipolar plate of the previous flow battery is omitted, the battery structure is simplified and the cost is reduced, laying the foundation for further industrial production.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 The single cell structure in the flow battery:

1—ion exchange membrane, 2—turbulence plate on the membrane side, 3—deflector on the membrane side, 4—collector plate,

5—electrode liner, 6—guided feed plate, 7—feed separator, 8—porous electrode:

The + and - symbols in Fig. 1 represent the anolyte and the catholyte respectively, and the solid and dotted lines with arrows represent the flow direction of the anolyte and the catholyte respectively;

Figure 2 Anode half-cell structure:

1—ion exchange membrane, 2—turbulence plate on the membrane side, 3—deflector on the membrane side, 4—collector plate,

5—electrode liner, 6—guided feed plate, 7—feed separator, 8—porous electrode:

+ in Fig. 2, - sign represents anolyte and catholyte respectively;

Figure 3 The structure of the turbulent plate on the membrane side;

Figure 4 structure of diversion feed plate;

Figure 5 membrane side deflector structure;

Figure 6 collector plate structure;

Figure 7 feed partition structure;

Figure 8 electrode liner structure;

The current and voltage curves of the flow battery in the charging process of Fig. 9;

Figure 10 The current and voltage curves of the flow battery during the discharge process:

The symbol □ represents voltage, and ○ represents current.

Detailed ways

The structure of the flow battery of the present invention is described in detail below:

The all-vanadium redox flow battery is composed of several groups of single cells connected in series, and each single cell is composed of a positive half-cell and a negative half-cell. The positive or negative half-cells are composed of the following components: ion exchange membrane, membrane side turbulence plate, membrane side deflector, collector plate, electrode liner, electrode, diversion feed plate and feed separator.

Figure 2 shows the anolyte flow through the positive half-cell. The anolyte flows sequentially through the feed partition, the diversion dark groove of the diversion feed plate, after entering the diversion feed plate, it is evenly distributed to different parts of the surface of the porous electrode, and passes through the porous electrode in the center of the electrode liner and the current collector. The screen in the center of the plate enters the membrane side guide plate; the impermeable raised part of the membrane side guide plate makes the anolyte evenly distributed on the surface of the membrane side turbulence plate, and the membrane side turbulence plate promotes the electrolyte and the ion exchange membrane to fully After being in contact, it flows to the outlet of the deflector on the membrane side after being baffled, and flows out through the diversion dark groove; it passes through the turbulent plate on the membrane side and the ion exchange membrane in turn, and then enters the negative half-cell. In the negative half-cell, the anolyte passes through the membrane-side turbulence plate, the membrane-side deflector, the collector plate, the electrode liner, the feed deflector, and the feed separator in sequence, and enters the next positive half-cell.

The catholyte passes through the ion exchange membrane, the membrane side turbulence plate, the membrane side deflector, the collector plate, the electrode liner, the feed deflector, and the feed separator from the negative half cell, and then enters the next negative half cell. Battery.

The flow of catholyte in the negative half-cell is similar to the flow of anolyte in the positive half-cell.

When the anolyte and catholyte flow through the same battery part in the anode half-cell, they are separated from each other by a frame at one end to avoid self-discharge after the electrolytes are mixed; they are also used when flowing through the same battery part in the negative half-cell Border finishes are isolated from each other.

The two ends of the turbulent plate on the membrane side are processed with passages for the electrolyte to flow through, and at the same time it acts as an electrolyte distribution tank; the middle part is connected with a screen made of the same material, which guides the electrolyte to be evenly distributed on the surface of the ion exchange membrane. Promote the formation of electrolyte turbulence.

The method of forming the guide dark hole is that the rectangular groove on the membrane side turbulence plate 2 and the comb-shaped groove area on the membrane side guide plate 3 are aligned up and down, and the collector plate 4 above is a flat plate at this position, and the three together Constitutes the diversion trap for the anolyte outflow. Wherein the comb-shaped groove on the diversion feeding plate has a width of 2-5 millimeters at the protruding part, and a width of 2-5 millimeters at the concave part.

The comb-shaped groove area on the diversion feed plate 6 and the inflow hole on the feed separator 7 are aligned up and down, and the electrode liner 5 below is a flat plate at this position, and the three together constitute the diversion of the anolyte inlet trough.

The ion exchange membrane is in direct contact with the turbulent plate on the membrane side, and the turbulent plate on the membrane side protects the surface of the membrane from damage and promotes the turbulence of the electrolyte at the same time. Membrane side turbulence plate, membrane side deflector, electrode liner, deflector feed plate, and feed separator are all made of the same engineering plastic material, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene , ABS, etc., have appropriate support rigidity and flexibility to ensure close contact and seal between each other. Membrane-side turbulence plate, membrane-side deflector, electrode liner, deflector feed plate, and feed partition can be manufactured separately, or can be combined with each other into an integral part.

The electrodes are installed in the electrode backing plate, and are in close contact with each other after being pressed by the conductive screen on the guide feeding plate and the collector plate.

The collector plate is made of acid-resistant and electrochemical oxidation-resistant conductive material, such as conductive graphite, conductive engineering plastics, 316 stainless steel, and the like.

All the parts are compressed and sealed by the clamping device to prevent the leakage of the electrolyte and realize the isolation of the anolyte and the catholyte from each other.

The structure constitutes a half-cell of a redox flow battery, the positive half-cell and the negative half-cell are connected in series to form a single cell, and several single cells are sequentially connected in series to form a stack of a redox flow battery.

As shown in Fig. 1, use the present invention to establish an all-vanadium redox flow battery to realize electric energy conversion and storage. Using V ⁴⁺ /V ⁵⁺ and V ³⁺ /V ²⁺ vanadium ions as the anode and cathode active materials of the redox flow battery respectively, the electrochemical reactions of the positive half-cell and negative half-cell in the battery are as follows.

Positive reaction

Negative reaction

The cross-sectional area of the vanadium redox cell end plate is 145×145mm, the anolyte is 1000ml of 0.9mol/LV ⁴⁺ +2mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ aqueous solution, and the catholyte is 0.9mol/LV ³⁺ +2mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ aqueous solution, charge and discharge experiments were carried out at an electrolyte circulation flow rate of 40L/h, and the stack performance of the redox flow battery was measured at room temperature.

The constant voltage charging method is adopted to keep the charging voltage of the stack at about 1.6V. As the charging process progresses, the 4-valent vanadium ions in the positive electrolyte lose electrons and transform into 5-valent vanadium ions, and the 3-valent vanadium ions in the negative electrolyte gain electrons and transform into 2-valent vanadium ions. The electromotive force of the battery gradually increases, resulting in charging The current gradually decreases with increasing time (Fig. 9).

The constant resistance discharge method is adopted, and a constant load of 0.62Ω, 10W is configured on the circuit. As the discharge process proceeds, the 5-valent vanadium ions in the positive electrolyte get electrons and are reduced to 4-valent vanadium ions, and the 2-valent vanadium ions in the negative electrolyte lose electrons and are oxidized to 3-valent vanadium ions. The terminal voltage of the battery changes from 1.0 V begins to drop gradually, and the discharge current decreases gradually with time (Figure 10).

Table 1 compares the flow pattern of the electrolyte directly through the porous electrode and the battery performance when the electrolyte flows in parallel on one side of the porous electrode at different circulation rates of the electrolyte. Since the electrolyte flows through the porous electrode, the active material in the electrolyte can fully contact with the inside of the porous electrode, which increases the interface area of the electrochemical reaction and promotes the electrochemical redox reaction. The charging voltage and the average charging current are significantly improved, and based on this, the energy efficiency of the all-vanadium redox flow battery is increased by about 20%.

Table 1 Effect of different electrolyte flow modes on battery charge and discharge performance

Flow rate 40L/h Flow rate 80L/h Flow rate 120L/h  Flow rate 60L/h Advection flow through Advection flow through Advection flow through Advection flow through Charging voltage 1.66V 1.61V 1.69V 1.64V 1.64V 1.69V 1.62V 1.65V recharging current 0.16A 0.39A 0.18A 0.40A 0.24A 0.28A 0.23A 0.37A discharge voltage 0.81V 0.89V 0.87V 0.96V 0.99V 0.99V 0.94V 0.93V Discharge current 0.85A 0.93A 0.90A 0.94A 0.98A 1.03A 0.96A 0.93A

Through the above examples, it is proved that the electrolyte solution proposed by the present invention passes through the flow mode of the porous electrode, so that the active material in the electrolyte solution and the three-dimensional electrode are fully contacted, the electrochemical reaction interface area is increased, and the electrochemical redox reaction is increased. speed and improve the charge and discharge performance of the flow battery. Using a collector plate with a conductive screen to conduct the current of the porous electrode eliminates the bipolar plate of the previous flow battery, simplifies the battery structure and reduces the cost, and lays the foundation for the development of chemical power source technology for large-scale electric energy conversion and storage. Base.

Claims (7)

1. A flow battery that allows the electrolyte to pass through the porous electrode, characterized in that the battery is composed of a plurality of single cells connected in series, and each single cell is composed of a positive half cell and a negative half cell connected in series, each The positive electrode half-cell is composed of the following components made of elastic materials and arranged in sequence from bottom to top; ion exchange membrane (1), membrane side turbulence plate (2), membrane side deflector plate (3) , collector plate (4), electrode backing plate (5), diversion feed plate (6) and feed separator (7), there is an electrode frame in the middle of described electrode backing plate (5), and this frame A porous electrode (8) is installed inside; each negative electrode half-cell is composed of the same parts aligned from top to bottom and then arranged sequentially; ion exchange membrane (1), membrane side turbulence plate (2), membrane side guide flow plate (3), collector plate (4), electrode backing plate (5), diversion feeding plate (6) and feeding separator (7), there is a An electrode frame, which is equipped with a porous electrode (8); when the positive half-cell and the negative half-cell are connected in series to form a single cell, a shared ion-exchange membrane (1) is sandwiched between the two, and the flow paths of the two are in the form of Symmetrical structure; between each single cell, between the positive half-cell and the negative half-cell in each single cell, between the constituent parts described in each positive half-cell or negative half-cell are all compressed and sealed in close contact , until the electrolyte does not leak, under this condition for each positive half-cell, where: The feeding separator (7) has an anolyte inflow hole and a catholyte inflow hole in turn along the rear of the left and right sides in the length direction, but the flow directions of the two electrolytes in the two holes are opposite; The diversion feed plate (6) has comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals at the rear of the left side along the length direction facing the anolyte inflow of the feed separator (7), and the comb-shaped grooves pass through the In the thickness direction of the guide feed plate (6), under the condition that the guide feed plate (6) and the electrode liner (5) are pressed against each other, the anolyte is evenly distributed in the comb-shaped groove and is Guided flow into the central area of the guide feed plate (6); comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals are opened on the front of the guide feed plate (6), and the comb-shaped grooves pass through the guide feed plate In the thickness direction of (6), the anolyte flows through the comb-shaped groove and reaches the surface of the porous electrode (8) in the center of the electrode backing plate (5) below the diversion feed plate (6), without penetrating partly convex; The electrode backing plate (5), the electrode frame in the middle is equipped with a porous electrode (8), and the anolyte passes through the porous electrode (8) and reaches the center of the collector plate (4) located under the electrode backing plate (5). On the sieve, there is a catholyte inflow hole at the right rear along the length direction of the electrode backing plate (5), and the flow direction of the catholyte is opposite to the flow direction of the anolyte; The collector plate (4) has a screen made of conductive material in the central part, and the anolyte flows downward through the screen; one side along the length direction of the collector plate (4) is provided with a screen connected to the screen. The protruding part made of conductive material is used to connect the wire, and there is a catholyte inflow hole on the right rear, and the flow direction of the catholyte is opposite to the flow direction of the anolyte; Membrane-side baffles (3), along the front left side of the membrane-side baffles (3) in the length direction, facing the anolyte inlet of the membrane-side turbulence plate (2), there are comb-shaped combs distributed at intervals. Groove, the comb-shaped groove runs through the thickness direction of the membrane side deflector (3), after the anolyte passes through the screen of the collector plate (4), it enters the center of the membrane side deflector (3). In the comb-shaped grooves distributed at intervals, and the comb-shaped grooves run through the thickness direction of the membrane side deflector (3); in the membrane side deflector (3) and the membrane side turbulence plate (2), ion exchange Under the condition that the membranes (1) are pressed against each other, the anolyte passes through the comb-shaped groove located in the central part of the membrane-side deflector (3), is guided to the comb-shaped groove on the lower left side, and passes through the membrane-side deflector ( 3) At the inlet of the anolyte flowing into the turbulent plate (2) on the membrane side, the non-penetrating part is convex; The membrane side turbulent plate (2) has a catholyte inflow hole at the rear right side along the length direction of the membrane side turbulent plate (2), and the flow direction of the catholyte is opposite to the flow direction of the anolyte; There is a screen at the center of the side turbulence plate (2); The ion exchange membrane (1) has an anolyte inflow hole in the front left side along the length direction, and the anolyte flows into ions from the anolyte outflow hole in the front left side of the membrane side turbulence plate (2) along the length direction The anolyte inflow hole of the exchange membrane (1) passes through the ion exchange membrane (1) to reach the negative electrode half cell; a catholyte inflow hole is opened behind the right side of the ion exchange membrane along the length direction. 2. A flow battery that allows the electrolyte to pass through the porous electrode according to claim 1, wherein the flow directions of the anolyte and the catholyte are in the same direction when they flow through the anode half-cell of. 3. A flow battery that allows the electrolyte to pass through the porous electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: on each component of the positive half-cell or the negative half-cell, on the edge of each plate Some of them are evenly distributed with many screw holes used for external force locking. 4. A flow battery that allows the electrolyte to pass through the porous electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: the screen on the collector plate (4) and the electrode backing plate (5) The porous electrodes (8) are in close contact, and the current is derived from the porous electrodes (8), passed through the screen and the peripheral conductive material connected with the screen, and then passed out to the collector plate (4). 5. A flow battery in which an electrolyte is passed through a porous electrode according to claim 1, wherein said anolyte and catholyte flow through the same part in the positive or negative half-cell, the part The borders on the periphery of the electrolyte are isolated from each other. 6. A flow battery for allowing the electrolyte to pass through the porous electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: on the guide feeding plate (6), it is close to the left side along the length direction at the same time The rear is facing the comb-shaped groove at the anolyte inlet of the feed separator (7), and the part of the comb-shaped groove located at the bottom of the diversion feed plate runs through the of the deflector feed plate (6). 7. A flow battery for allowing the electrolyte to pass through the porous electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: on the guide feeding plate (6), it is close to the left side along the length direction at the same time The rear is facing the comb-shaped groove at the anolyte inlet of the feed separator (7), and the part of the comb-shaped groove located at the lower part of the diversion feed plate does not pass through the Described diversion feeding plate (6).

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