CN100374021C - A compound plant insecticide containing pokeweed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a botanical insecticide, in particular to a compound plant insecticide containing pokeweed. Pokeweed is a poisonous plant containing substances such as pokeweed saponin, which has the effect of killing plant pests. It has abundant sources in my country and is a good plant source species for compound pesticides. The raw material formula of the present invention consists of (percentage by weight): Phytolacca 10-50%, Neem 10-50%, Sophora flavescens 10-35%, Phytophthora 0-35%, Chamaemachama 0-20%, tobacco leaves 3-5% . The insecticide extracted from this raw material formula has a good killing effect on most plant pests, and is harmless to natural enemies, which is conducive to ecological balance. It has excellent comprehensive performance in killing pests and environmental protection. pesticides.

Description

A compound plant insecticide containing pokeweed

One, technical field: the present invention relates to botanical insecticide, especially a kind of compound plant insecticide containing pokeweed (Phytolacca acinosa Roxb).

2. Background technology: With the development of society and the continuous progress of science and technology, people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually strengthening, and there is an urgent need to develop low-toxicity, high-efficiency, broad-spectrum insecticidal properties, short toxicity residue time, and harmful to the ecological environment and environment. A new type of pollution-free pesticide that does not pose a hazard to human health. The requirements for pesticides in contemporary society are not only the pursuit of killing all harmful substances quickly, but also factors that affect biological physiology and ecological balance have become issues that should be paid attention to when inventing ideal pesticides.

Compared with chemical pesticides, botanical pesticides have the following advantages: biological activity diversity, botanical pesticides not only have the function of killing insects, but also have the functions of sterilizing and stimulating plant growth; , antifeedant and growth inhibition, etc.; the effective chemical components contained in botanical pesticides are the structures of nature itself, which can be biodegraded, photodecomposed or oxidized by air in nature, without residues, and will not concentrate and enrich and pollute the environment ; In the process of killing pests, it is relatively safe for higher animals and natural enemies of pests; botanical pesticides often contain several insecticidal active ingredients, and their mechanism of action is different from that of general chemical pesticides, and pests are not easy to adapt; botanical pesticides are Green pesticides relative to chemical pesticides.

Plants contain various types of insecticidal substances, mainly alkaloids, terpenes, phenols, tannins, essential oils, photoactivated toxins, etc. In the early days of botanical pesticides, a single plant was used, but later it was found that a variety of plants containing different active ingredients were selected to form a compound pesticide, which increased the number of insecticidal species and significantly improved the insecticidal effect. Therefore, the patent publication number disclosed by the State Intellectual Property Office of China is the insecticide of CN1507781A, which adopts sand-born Sophora japonica, Neem, tobacco leaves, basil, pyrethrum, ramie, tripterygium, etc. to form a compound; the patent publication number of CN1502243A is the insecticide The insecticide uses bitter bark vine, neem, toosendan, calamus, chamaejamas, aconitum and bamboo leaf pepper; the insecticide with the patent publication number of CN1217883A uses neem, bitter bean, pyrethrum, basil, chamaejamas, and tobacco leaves Formed compound etc., have all obtained better desinsection effect. Pokeweed is a poisonous plant containing substances such as pokeweed saponin, which has the effect of killing plant pests. It is abundant in my country and is a good plant source for compound pesticides. So far, there has been no report and application of pokeweed as an insecticide, and the value of pokeweed as a pesticide has not been utilized.

3. Contents of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to utilize the plant pokeweed which is abundant in my country, and compound it with various plant sources to produce a compound plant source insecticide which has good insecticidal effect, is harmless to human body and is beneficial to environmental protection, and has excellent comprehensive performance.

Compound plant insecticide raw material formula of the present invention consists of (percentage by weight):

Phytolacca 10-50%, Neem 10-50%, Sophora flavescens 10-35%, Phytophthora 0-35%, Chamaemachama 0-20%, Tobacco 3-5%.

The material selection requirements for the plant raw materials used in the formula are: pokeweed and chamaejamas are freshly collected and dried unprocessed root pieces, neem bark is used for neem, flavescens and herba chinensis are Chinese medicinal materials. All plant raw materials are pretreated, dried at medium temperature, crushed and sieved.

The active ingredients in the compound plant are extracted by solvent extraction. The preparation ratio and dosage of the extract are: add 300-800ml of methanol or ethanol extraction solution with a concentration of 30%-95% according to 100g of plant ingredients, or add 300-500ml of acetone extraction solution with a concentration of 30-50%, or chloroform extraction Liquid 300-500ml.

The pretreated raw materials are dosed according to a predetermined ratio, and the extraction solution is added into the prepared compound plant raw materials in three times to fully infiltrate, and three extractions are carried out respectively. The extraction process conditions are:

The extraction temperature is from 30°C to the boiling point, and the total extraction time is 3-10 hours. During the extraction process, the temperature is controlled with a water bath, and the temperature control accuracy of the water bath is ±1°C. After each extraction, the extract was separated by suction filtration and mechanical pressing, and the insoluble matter was filtered off.

The extracts extracted three times were combined, distilled to a predetermined volume, and the solubility of the extract was measured, and the HLB value of the added emulsifier was adjusted according to the measurement results. Add an emulsifier, emulsify for 2-5 hours, prepare the extract as an insecticide emulsifiable concentrate, and test the dispersibility of the emulsifiable concentrate at 10°C, 30°C, and 50°C respectively. The prepared compound insecticide emulsifiable concentrate has good dispersibility at three temperatures.

Beneficial effects: the plants used in the invention are rich in my country, rich in sources and easy to obtain. The prepared insecticide is used to kill plant pests, has good insecticidal effect, is harmless to natural enemies, is beneficial to ecological balance, and has excellent comprehensive performance of pest control and environmental protection. It is a good plant that meets the requirements of green environmental protection. pesticides.

4. Specific implementation

Requirements for the selection of raw materials: Phytolacca and chamaejasma are freshly collected and dried unprocessed roots, neem bark is taken from neem bark, sophora flavescens and Baibu refer to Chinese medicinal materials, and tobacco leaves are leftovers from processing tobacco leaves in tobacco factories. All kinds of insecticide plant raw materials are dried, crushed and sieved before batching.

Example 1:

Weigh 1000g of raw materials according to the proportions in Table 1.

Table 1. The material composition of embodiment 1

raw material name Contentwt% Pokeland 30%

Neem bark Sophora flavescens tobacco leaves 50% 15% 5%

Measure 5000ml of ethanol solution with a concentration of 80%, and divide it into three parts. First, take one part and add it to the weighed material, fully infiltrate, control the extraction temperature to 60°C, and after extraction for 4 hours, separate the extract by suction filtration . Then add the second portion of ethanol solution to the filter residue of the first extraction, control the extraction temperature to 60°C, extract for 3 hours, separate the extract by suction filtration, and do the same for the third extraction. A total of 1800ml of extract was obtained after three extractions, and the extract was distilled to 200ml. After testing the solubility, dilute to 1000ml. Add an emulsifier and emulsify for 4 hours. After the dispersing ability test, the dispersion is good. Diluted 300-1000 times with water, the insecticidal effect is good, and it does not harm the natural enemies of pests.

Implementation example 2:

Weigh 400 g of raw materials according to the ratio in Table 2.

Table 2. The material composition of embodiment 2

raw material name Contentwt% Pokeweed, Neem bark, Sophora flavescens, Tobacco leaves 302818195

Various materials are extracted respectively, and all kinds of materials adopt the aqueous solution of ethanol as extractant except that neem bark is extracted with chloroform, and ethanol concentration is 40-95%, and extraction temperature is 40 ℃ to boiling, and the total extraction time of every kind of material is 6 Hours, extracted in three steps. The extraction process is as follows:

Neem bark 112g, the extractant is 450ml of chloroform, and the extraction temperature is 30°C. The extractant is equally divided into three parts, and added into the neem bark powder three times, each extraction time is 2 hours, and the extract and solid materials are separated by suction filtration. The resulting extracts were filtered and combined for use.

Potweed 120g, the extractant is 800ml of 50% ethanol, and the extraction temperature is 40°C. Divide the extractant into three equal parts, add three times to the pokeweed powder, each extraction time is 2 hours, and use suction filtration to separate the extract from the solid material. The resulting extracts were filtered and combined for use.

Sophora flavescens 72g, the extractant is 350ml of 75% ethanol solution, the extractant contains 0.5% hydrochloric acid, and the extraction temperature is 60°C. Divide the extractant into three equal parts, add it to the Sophora flavescens powder three times, each extraction time is 2 hours, and use the suction filtration method to separate the extract from the solid material. The resulting extracts were filtered and combined for use.

76g of 100 tubers, the extractant is 490ml of 95% ethanol solution, and the extractant contains 0.5% hydrochloric acid, which is refluxed and condensed in a slightly boiling state. Divide the extractant into three parts, 190ml, 150ml, and 150ml respectively, and add them to the powdered basil in sequence. The extraction time is 2 hours each time, and the extract and solid materials are separated by suction filtration. The resulting extracts were filtered and combined for use.

All the extracts of above neem, pokeweed, flavescens, and stems were combined and distilled under reduced pressure to 500ml. Tobacco leaves are added in the form of 98% nicotine converted into 20g. Add 10% emulsifier and emulsify for 4 hours to obtain insecticide emulsifiable concentrate. The dispersibility test of the emulsifiable concentrate was carried out at 10°C, 30°C, and 50°C respectively, and the emulsifiable concentrate was uniformly dispersed in tap water at the three temperatures. Diluted 300, 500, and 1000 times respectively, and carried out the insecticidal test, the insecticidal effect is good, and it does not harm the natural enemies of pests.

Implementation example 3:

Weigh 500 g of raw materials according to the ratio in Table 3.

Various raw materials are mixed together to extract active ingredients. Extractant is the ethanol 3000ml of concentration 60%, and extraction temperature is 60 ℃, and extraction time is 10 hours, extracts in three steps, and other steps of extraction process are identical with embodiment 1. The obtained extracts are combined after being filtered and concentrated to 100ml, and 15g of tobacco leaves are added in the form of 98% nicotine. After testing the solubility, dilute to 620ml, add 10% emulsifier to emulsify into emulsifiable concentrate. The dispersing ability of the emulsifiable concentrate was tested at 10°C, 30°C, and 50°C respectively, and the dispersing effect was good. They were diluted 300, 500, and 1000 times respectively, and the insecticidal test was carried out. The insecticidal effect was good and the natural enemies of plant pests were harmless.

Table 3. The material composition of embodiment 3

raw material name Contentwt% Phytolacca neem bark Sophora flavescens Baibu chamaejama leaves 15402012103

Claims (2)

1. a compound plant insecticide that contains Phytolacca acinosa is made up of China tree, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, the root of langdu, tobacco leaf, it is characterized by composition of raw materials and consists of (percentage by weight) and contain Phytolacca acinosa 10-50%, China tree 10-50%, kuh-seng 10-35%, tuber of stemona 0-35%, root of langdu 0-20%, tobacco leaf 3-5%.

2. a kind of compound plant insecticide that contains Phytolacca acinosa according to claim 1, it is characterized by selection to the compositing formula plant require be: China tree is got azedarach, and kuh-seng, the tuber of stemona refer to traditional Chinese medicine, and Phytolacca acinosa, the root of langdu are dried without the root piece of concocting with fresh collection.