CN100338447C - Method for measuring temp. in high-temp. high-pressure closed cavity - Google Patents
Method for measuring temp. in high-temp. high-pressure closed cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN100338447C CN100338447C CNB2004100403259A CN200410040325A CN100338447C CN 100338447 C CN100338447 C CN 100338447C CN B2004100403259 A CNB2004100403259 A CN B2004100403259A CN 200410040325 A CN200410040325 A CN 200410040325A CN 100338447 C CN100338447 C CN 100338447C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for measuring temperature in a high-temperature and high-pressure closed cavity. The outer surface of a cavity body is provided with a temperature detector for measuring T1 to Tn and a pressure sensor for measuring P, and an environment temperature sensor for detecting T <h1> to T<hn> and a cavity body heating current sensor for detecting I are arranged at the vicinity. The measured values are preprocessed by a computer so that a variation signal is picked out. The signal values after processed are filtered in a wavelet transform mode, and then, principal component analysis is carried out. Obtained data is transmitted to a dynamic neural network to be calculated in a self-adapting intelligent mode, and the temperature T in the cavity body is equal to F (T1,..., Tn, T<h1>..., T<hn>, I, P). The present invention uses multiple points to measure different variate and uses the technology of data merging, principal component analysis, neural networks, etc. to realize the dynamic measurement of the temperature in the high-temperature and high-pressure closed cavity. A result is free from the change influence of electric resistivity in the cavity. The present invention has the advantages of wavelet transform filtration, online self-adapting correcting function and accurate measurement guarantee. The result can be displayed or output, and the present invention is suitable for temperature measurement and real-time control in a diamond synthesized cavity.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermometry, be specially the thermometry in a kind of high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber.
(2) background technology
In the measurement of high temperature and high pressure, the measurement of pressure is ripe, but the high temperature measurement in the airtight cavity is a difficult problem always, its reason be in the airtight cavity high temperature can't realize direct measurement, existing method is just rule of thumb estimated.
For example use cubic hinge press to produce in the adamantine process,,, under the condition of pressure 5.0Gpa, temperature 1600K, realize graphite-adamas phase transformation, obtain diamond crystal at the external in addition high pressure of closed chamber because its synthetic chamber is to select pyrophillite for use.
Because high temperature and high pressure in the airtight synthetic chamber, direct temperature measurement utensils such as general thermopair, temperature probe can't use.Since the structures shape of cubic apparatus pressure hammer its six structures must seal, this state also can't satisfy the condition precedent of contactless infrared measurement of temperature, so also can't use infrared measurement of temperature.
Graphite becomes the catalytic process that adamas is a complexity under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, also is the crystal growing process under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, therefore needs the regular hour slowly to grow up.So the necessary condition of production high-quality high-strength diamond is to form stable, even temperature, pressure field in high-pressure chamber.The man-made diamond of producing is of low quality at present, even if it is so-called high grade product also exists fatal quality problems,, well-known such as poor heat resistance, the manufacturing of diamond tool and use all will run into high temperature, and thermotolerance is the key index of decision diamond quality.Improve adamantine quality, many factors are arranged.But most importantly be decided by the control of pressure and temperature.
Present production technology adopts direct-fired mode, and control is synthesized the size of chamber heating current and controlled the interior temperature of cavity heat time heating time, and fundamental relation is
T＝I
2KLt/Cp+T
0
Wherein T is a Current Temperatures in the cavity of synthetic chamber, T
0Be initial temperature in the cavity, I is a heating current, and K is the resistivity of cavity, and L is the height of cavity, and Cp is the level pressure thermal capacitance of cavity, and t is heat time heating time.Can think that in process of production K, L, Cp are constants, I adopts constant current technology to guarantee that the temperature of inside cavity is the function of time.This is an open loop control, can not regulate automatically according to the development of process.
Take such type of heating to be difficult to reach and produce high-quality adamas, mainly be regarded as constant cavity resistivity K in fact under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions when graphite constantly converts adamas to, in other words when diamond crystal is grown up gradually, in the high pressure synthetic cavity continuous variation can take place, K is also changing constantly.
At first, graphite and catalyst alloy constantly interpenetrate, and graphite constantly is transformed into adamas, and the resistivity K of high pressure synthetic cavity constantly changes thereupon.Under atmospheric pressure state, the resistivity of carbon-graphite product changes with variation of temperature, has negative temperature coefficient in the past 0 to 900K, and promptly its resistivity of rising along with temperature can descend, it has positive temperature coefficient (PTC) again in 900K to 3000K scope, and promptly its resistivity of rising along with temperature can rise.
Secondly, along with the variation carbon graphite material inner structure density of pressure also changes, the variation of density has a strong impact on the variation of its overall resistivity.
In addition, the rough surface of carbon plate is big more, between carbon plate and the carbon plate or the contact resistance between carbon plate and the catalyst alloy just big more, along with interpenetrating of graphite and catalyst alloy, its mutual contact resistance is also in variation.
That is to say that multiple parameter changes constantly in the high temperature high pressure enclosed cavity in whole heating process, the continuous current (permanent power) in the synthetic chamber of direct-fired mode when the resistivity K that adopts a cavity that remains unchanged decides adamas synthetic, obviously can not control the temperature in the cavity of airtight synthetic chamber effectively, make it remain on the optimum temperature district, so be difficult to produce high-quality diamond product.
In sum, be the steady temperature field in the high temperature high pressure enclosed synthetic chamber cavity in guaranty money's hard rock crystal growing process, need method of temperature in a kind of detection closed chamber, to realize the real-time closed-loop control of temperature.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design the thermometry in a kind of high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber, by detecting high temperature high pressure enclosed cavity external environment temperature, pressure equivalent, data fusion technology, nerual network technique and wavelet technique by multisensor carry out signal Processing, through intelligence computation, measure the method for airtight cavity internal temperature indirectly.
If the temperature of airtight cavity inboard is T, the external side ambient temperature of closed chamber is T
h, and T＞T
h, cavity body wall area is A.Know that according to the law of thermodynamics right side heat Q and heat transfer area A and the inside and outside temperature difference Δ T=(T-T of cavity body wall are passed in the unit interval left side
h) relevant, promptly
Q＝f
1(A，ΔT)
If airtight cavity body wall area A is constant, cavity body wall hull-skin temperature T
1Variable quantity be the function of the heat Q that transmits of closed chamber inside and outside, Δ T
1Also be the function of Δ T, that is:
ΔT
1＝G(A，ΔT)＝G(A，T-T
h)
That is to say, when airtight cavity body wall area is constant, the variation delta T of the temperature T 1 of airtight cavity body wall outside surface
1With Δ T (T-T
h) exist funtcional relationship.Know by the following formula analysis, if can determine above-mentioned funtcional relationship, as long as can obtain cavity internal and external temperature T, T
h, just can calculate body wall hull-skin temperature T
1Variable quantity, also just can measure the temperature T of cavity body wall outside surface
1In other words, if can determine its inverse function G
1() is as long as can obtain cavity body wall hull-skin temperature T
1With variation of temperature Δ T
1, and cavity external environment temperature just can calculate temperature T in the cavity.
Based on above-mentioned principle, thermometry in the high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber of the present invention's design is as follows, at the outside surface of airtight cavity a plurality of temperature sensors, pressure transducer are installed, near installation environment temperature sensor closed chamber, and cavity heating current electrical measurement sensor is installed.If temperature is T in the cavity, the measured temperature of each temperature sensor of housing surface is T
1, T
2... T
n, the measured temperature of each environment temperature sensor is T
H1, T
H2... T
Hn, the measured pressure of pressure transducer is P, the measured electric weight of current sensor is I.Computing machine carries out pre-service to the gained measured value, rejects variability signals.Signal value after handling is carried out wavelet transform filtering, carry out pivot analysis again.The gained data are sent into dynamic neural network and are carried out self-adapting intelligent calculating, T=F (T
1..., T
n, T
H1..., T
Hn, I, P).According to this moment gained T value apply control algolithm and obtain control signal heating current, temperature T remains in the best region in the cavity thereby Control current I makes.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, solved owing to exist severe nonlinear in heat transfer process, set up the very difficult problem of function of model with the mechanism method, the present invention uses multimetering, measure multivariate, the data fusion technology of application sensors, pivot analysis technology, nerual network technique are set up thermometric model in the airtight cavity, have realized the kinetic measurement of temperature in the airtight High Temperature High Pressure cavity; 2, to the measurement of temperature in the cavity, measurement result is not subjected to the influence of change in resistance in the cavity; 3, adopt the wavelet transform filtering processing, eliminated and disturb, improved measuring accuracy; 4, have the online adaptive calibration function, guarantee the accuracy of measuring; 5, testing result can be at screen display, the curve map of also exportable text results or dynamic change; 6, the testing result handling procedure can embed in the Control Software easily, realizes the real-time control of temperature in the airtight cavity; 7, this result is applied to temperature survey and the control in the synthetic chamber of adamas, and the temperature stabilization that will synthesize really in the chamber is controlled in the best region, the raising of assurance diamond synthesis quality and stable; 8, this measuring method and estimation program have excellent extensibility, transplantability.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the multiple sensors of the synthetic chamber of adamas cubic hinge press in the embodiment of the invention is arranged synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is thermometry FB(flow block) in the airtight cavity of the present invention.
(5) embodiment
Present embodiment is applied to thermometry in the synthetic chamber of high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber-adamas for the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, synthetic chamber 6 be the pyrophillite hexahedron, is in the centers of 2 six end faces 5 of six top hammers of cubic hinge press, and six end faces 5 of six top hammers 2 close up makes that to synthesize chamber 6 airtight and to its pressurization.Since the restriction of production technology, the existence of press pressure, and the outside surface in the synthetic chamber 6 of pyrophillite can't directly be installed temperature element.But the end face 5 of the top of press hammer 2 directly contacts with the pyrophyllite chamber outer surface, has heat transmission between the two, just the temperature T of top hammer 2 certain point
dAnd there is funtcional relationship T between the temperature T y of pyrophyllite cavity body wall outside surface
d=G
2(T
y).T
y=G
3(T
d), G
3() is G
2The inverse function of ().Obviously, the temperature T in the cavity of synthetic chamber is the function of the temperature T y of pyrophyllite cavity body wall outside surface, just the temperature T on the hammer of top
dFunction.
The present invention be applied in the synthetic chamber of adamas thermometric process flow diagram as shown in Figure 2.
1. on six top hammers 2 of cubic hinge press, 1 temperature sensors of high precision 1 is installed respectively as shown in Figure 1,1～4 pressure transducer is installed, current transformer is installed at 6 heating current places, synthetic chamber at hammer hydraulic means place, top, and 2～4 environment temperature sensors 3 are installed at 0.1～0.2 meter of distance press.
2. computing machine is to the temperature sensor 1 measured temperature T on the top hammer 2
D1～T
D6, the measured pressure P of top hammer 2 upward pressure sensors, the measured electric current I of current transformer, environment temperature sensor 3 measured environment temperature T
H1～T
HnCarry out real-time sampling;
3. computing machine is to sampling gained measured value T
D1～T
D6, P, I, T
H1～T
HnCarry out pre-service, reject variability signals;
4. the signal after computing machine was handled the last step carries out wavelet transform filtering;
5. go up the neural network that the signal after the step handles enters computing machine, by relational expression T=F (T
D1～T
D6, T
H1～T
Hn, I, P) temperature in involutory coelosis 6 cavitys is carried out the intelligence estimation;
6. the result is in screen display or printout, and this result delivers to the computer neural network of synthetic cavity temperature controller, and dynamically the electric weight of the synthetic chamber of control 6 heating currents is promptly realized the real-time control to temperature in the synthetic chamber 6 of adamas.
At cooling water pipe cooling-water temperature sensor 4 is installed, is measured cooling water temperature T
w, computing machine is to sampling gained measured value T
D1～T
D6, P, I, T
H1～T
HnAnd T
wCarry out pre-service, reject variability signals; Signal after the processing of last step is carried out wavelet transform filtering; Signal after the processing enters the neural network of computing machine, by relational expression T=F (T
D1～T
D6, T
H1～T
Hn, I, P, T
w) temperature in involutory coelosis 6 cavitys carries out intelligence estimation.
In the laboratory, the temperature survey test in the airtight cavity is carried out in the synthetic chamber of simulation adamas, and mounting temperature sensor is measured actual temperature to verify in the chamber.100 ℃～1400 ℃ of temperature, 1.5 hours duration, survey temperature data in the cavity according to the inventive method, with the actual temperature that records in the chamber, the two basic match.
Claims (8)
- Thermometry in 1 one kinds of high temperature high pressure enclosed chambeies is characterized by:At the outside surface of airtight cavity a plurality of temperature sensors and one or more pressure transducers are installed, near installation environment temperature sensor closed chamber, and cavity heating current electrical measurement sensor is installed; If temperature is T in the cavity, the measured temperature of each temperature sensor of housing surface is T 1, T 2... T n, the measured temperature of each environment temperature sensor is T H1, T H2... T Hn, the measured pressure of pressure transducer is P, the measured electric weight of current sensor is I; Computing machine carries out pre-service to the gained measured value; Signal value after handling is carried out wavelet transform filtering, carry out pivot analysis again; The gained data are sent into dynamic neural network and are carried out self-adapting intelligent calculating, T=F (T 1..., T n, T H1..., T Hn, I, P).
- Thermometry in the 2 high temperature high pressure enclosed chambeies according to claim 1 is characterized by:Described high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber is the synthetic chamber (6) of adamas; Go up mounting temperature sensor (1) at the top of cubic hinge press hammer (2), current transformer is installed at hammer hydraulic means place, top setting pressure sensor, at heating current place, synthetic chamber (6), and at press installation environment temperature sensor (3) on every side;Computing machine is to temperature sensor (1) the measured temperature T on the top hammer (2) D1～T D6, top hammer (2) upward pressure sensor measuring pressure P of institute, electric current I that current transformer is surveyed, environment temperature sensor (3) the environment temperature T that surveys H1～T HnCarry out real-time sampling and pre-service and reject variability signals, the signal value after handling is carried out wavelet transform filtering, carry out pivot analysis again;Signal after the processing enters the neural network of computing machine, by relational expression T=F (T D1～T D6, T H1～T Hn, I, P) temperature in involutory coelosis (6) cavity is carried out the intelligence estimation.
- Thermometry in the 3 high temperature high pressure enclosed chambeies according to claim 2 is characterized by:On six top hammers (2) of cubic hinge press, 1 temperature sensor (1) is installed respectively.
- Thermometry in the 4 high temperature high pressure enclosed chambeies according to claim 2 is characterized by:At 0.1～0.2 meter of distance press 2～4 environment temperature sensors (3) are installed.
- Thermometry in the 5 high temperature high pressure enclosed chambeies according to claim 2 is characterized by:1～4 pressure transducer is installed at hammer hydraulic means place on the top.
- Thermometry in the 6 high temperature high pressure enclosed chambeies according to claim 2 is characterized by:At the cooling water pipe place cooling-water temperature sensor (4) is installed, is measured cooling water temperature T w, computing machine is to sampling gained measured value T D1～T D6, P, I, T H1～T HnAnd T wCarry out pre-service, reject variability signals; Signal after the processing of last step is carried out wavelet transform filtering; Signal after the processing enters the neural network of computing machine, by relational expression T=F (T D1～T D6, T H1～T Hn, I, P, T w) temperature in involutory coelosis (6) cavity carries out intelligence estimation.
- 7 according to the thermometry in each described high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized by:Computing machine gained result is in screen display or printout.
- 8 according to the thermometry in each described high temperature high pressure enclosed chamber in the claim 2 to 6, it is characterized by:Computing machine gained result delivers to the computer neural network of synthetic cavity temperature controller, dynamically controls the electric weight of the synthetic chamber (6) of adamas heating current.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100403259A CN100338447C (en) | 2004-07-24 | 2004-07-24 | Method for measuring temp. in high-temp. high-pressure closed cavity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100403259A CN100338447C (en) | 2004-07-24 | 2004-07-24 | Method for measuring temp. in high-temp. high-pressure closed cavity |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1598507A CN1598507A (en) | 2005-03-23 |
| CN100338447C true CN100338447C (en) | 2007-09-19 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100403259A Expired - Fee Related CN100338447C (en) | 2004-07-24 | 2004-07-24 | Method for measuring temp. in high-temp. high-pressure closed cavity |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103207027A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-07-17 | 北京工业大学 | Built-in off-line temperature detection instrument and method for high pressure vessel |
| CN105652202A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Submersible motor fault diagnosis method based on temperature field detection |
| CN106902709A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-06-30 | 郑州华晶金刚石股份有限公司 | Automatic Press system and method is used in diamond production |
| CN113091910A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-09 | 华南理工大学 | Temperature estimation method based on neural network |
| CN113290926B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-11-05 | 杭州超然金刚石有限公司 | Preparation device and preparation process of diamond semiconductor |
Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59165112A (en) * | 1983-03-09 | 1984-09-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Temperature control method of extra-high pressure generator |
| JPS6126829A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1986-02-06 | Toshiba Corp | Measuring device for temperature in piping |
| CN1030119A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1989-01-04 | 西屋电气公司 | Steam turbine lashing stage thermometry and measuring device |
| CN1240521A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2000-01-05 | 西门子共同研究公司 | Method for blade temp. estimation in a steam turbine |
| JP2003021550A (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-24 | Yamatake Corp | Temperature compensation device for torque tube measuring instrument |
-
2004
- 2004-07-24 CN CNB2004100403259A patent/CN100338447C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59165112A (en) * | 1983-03-09 | 1984-09-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Temperature control method of extra-high pressure generator |
| JPS6126829A (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1986-02-06 | Toshiba Corp | Measuring device for temperature in piping |
| CN1030119A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1989-01-04 | 西屋电气公司 | Steam turbine lashing stage thermometry and measuring device |
| CN1240521A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2000-01-05 | 西门子共同研究公司 | Method for blade temp. estimation in a steam turbine |
| JP2003021550A (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-24 | Yamatake Corp | Temperature compensation device for torque tube measuring instrument |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 密闭腔内快速传热中壁面温度的软测量方法 黄凤良，余永刚，传感技术学报，第3期 2003 * |
| 爆发器内壁温度的测试 黄凤良，余永刚，西安交通大学学报，第38卷第2期 2004 * |
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| CN1598507A (en) | 2005-03-23 |
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