CN100337125C - Method for processing data of well logging to calculate stratum attitude in drilling well - Google Patents
Method for processing data of well logging to calculate stratum attitude in drilling well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a log data processing method for calculating stratum attitudes in a drilling well, which belongs to the field of logging technique data processing. The present invention has the class number of G01V1/40. The calculation processing of inclination angles and propensity for calculating the stratum attitudes in the drilling well in well log is carried out according to the following method that log data is input; the space position of the data is calculated; reference data is extracted according to the characteristic of the data; plane Hough conversion is carried out to the reference data to obtain reference data in a Hough domain; parameters and confidence levels of the stratum attitudes are calculated according to the reference data in the Hough domain; the calculated parameters are displayed in a result diagram or a printed diagram. The present invention can obtain the inclination angles and the inclination directions of the stratums of a well wall, the position of the well wall and the calculated confidence levels; the processing range of the present invention comprises cracks, faults, thin layers, erosion surfaces, stratification and layer interfaces; the present invention lays the foundation for the geologic examination of regional structures. The method has the advantages of specific clew, easy realization by using computer programming and wide application range; the method can be extended to the process of processing other inclination angle well log data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of measuring attitude of stratum in the pit shaft, belong to the logging technology data processing field; Patent classificating number: G01V 1/40.
Background technology
In logging technology is used, utilize well-log information, can the analyze and research situation of subsurface geological structure, for example, use four arm dipmeter loggings and six arm dipmeter loggings, methods such as microresistivity scanning, well week acoustic logging can obtain the position and the occurrence of crack, tomography, thin layer, wash surface, bedding, bed interface.Early stage disposal route is artificial cognition and relevant pairing comparision.The artificial cognition workload is huge, and standard differs, and misjudgement is failed to judge easily.Relevant pairing comparision begins to be used for four arms, six arm dipmeter logging Data Processing, principle is that mass part in two curves is asked related coefficient, and two parts of related coefficient maximum are considered as identical layer, and the target of asking for is the occurrence of structure, parameter comprises the inclination angle, tendency and degree of confidence.Along with increasing of pole plate and measurement button, big the increasing that contain much information of log data reflection, it is complicated that this algorithm application gets up to become, and programmes to be difficult for realizing, can not reflect a large amount of geological informations.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of measuring attitude of stratum in the pit shaft, to the log data of having measured, the method that adopts a kind of plane to detect, promptly any plane that may exist in the space is calculated, judge whether it exists, thereby in the detection wellbore formation, the position on this stratum, inclination angle, tendency and the degree of confidence of this time judging.
A kind of technical scheme of measuring the method for attitude of stratum in the pit shaft of the present invention is: a kind of method of measuring attitude of stratum in the pit shaft is characterized in that;
＜1〉use well logger to record the log data of attitude of stratum in the pit shaft, comprise, the well week acoustic logging of the resistivity of reflection borehole wall different azimuth electrical property feature or four arm dipmeter loggings of conductivity, six arm dipmeter loggings, microresistivity scanning and reflection borehole wall different azimuth acoustic feature, carry out the computing of stratigraphic dip, tendency by the following method:
＜2〉input log data;
The log data that records is inputed to computer memory; The input log data is 4～40 arm log datas, resistivity scanning imagery data, sound wave echo time imaging data, sound wave echo amplitude imaging data;
＜3〉locus of computational data;
Terrestrial coordinate position according to the well log measurement data, calculate in the computing machine three direction coordinate parameters: x that each data of corresponding expression all have, y, z, wherein the z axle is that vertically the y axle is the direction perpendicular to paper, and the x axle is horizontal, the pass of this coordinate system and earth coordinates is that the y axle is the earth direct north, and the x axle is a earth due east direction;
＜4〉according to the feature of data, extract the feature reference data;
When being used for the architectonic identification in crack, thin layer,, extract the feature reference data according to input value: determine the size of threshold value, greater than greater than threshold value, be set at white portion for the input log data, smaller or equal to threshold value, be set at the black part;
Or when being used for tomography, wash surface, bedding, the identification of bed interface tectonic structure, according to the feature reference data of the extraction of the edge difference value of data;
Or do reference with the more data point, and adopt the algorithm of similar difference, extract the feature reference data;
＜5〉the feature reference data is carried out plane Hough conversion, obtain Hough territory reference data;
For feature reference data substitution plane Hough transformation for mula, in the Hough data that are added to, obtain Hough territory reference data;
Plane Hough conversion, the formula of employing is:
ρ＝z·sin+x·cosθ·cos+y·sinθ·cos
Wherein, x, y, z are the 3 D stereo location parameter of feature reference data points, are specially the coordinate of feature reference data; ρ, θ, φ are the parameter of Hough territory reference data;
＜6 〉, calculate attitude of stratum parameter and degree of confidence according to Hough territory reference data;
According to Hough territory reference data, when the somewhere stacking fold greater than certain threshold value, calculate the corresponding degree of depth, inclination angle, tendency, superposition value can be used as the reference data of degree of confidence;
The inclination angle of this face, tendency are asked for according to following formula:
α＝|φ-90°|
β＝θ ifφ＞＝90°&φ＜＝180°
β＝θ+180° ifφ＞＝0°&φ＜90°
Here at x, y has a plane in the z coordinate system, on the face coordinate of each point be (z), initial point is P to the orthocenter on plane for x, y, the distance be ρ, P is Q to the orthocenter of face xoy, ∠ POQ=φ, ∠ QOA=θ, the terrestrial coordinate angle of declination of this face is α, is inclined to be β;
Suppose that this face degree of depth is d, i.e. the degree of depth of this face and borehole axis center intersection point, then:
d＝ρ/cos(α)
Degree of confidence then is proportional to the value of Hough territory reference data, i.e. stacking fold;
Handle the back with level and smooth back data as Hough territory reference data;
Can adopt more point to carry out similar smoothing processing, obtain Hough territory reference data;
＜7〉parameter and the degree of confidence that calculates is presented on the display with result map, or prints and publish picture.
By the plane Hough transform method of attitude of stratum data in the aforementioned calculation pit shaft, handle well-log information, obtained the inclination angle on borehole wall stratum, tendency.For analysis and research subsurface geology situation, the areal structure geological mapping is laid a good foundation.Relative other method, thinking is clear and definite, has simplified the implementation procedure that programming is calculated, and any structure that may exist of can not failing to judge is easily extended in the logging suite of layer occurrence calculably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of processing flow chart of measuring the method for attitude of stratum in the pit shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is certain well section acoustic imaging figure, and the longitudinal axis is the degree of depth among the figure, and transverse axis is the expansion in well week, and the orientation is followed successively by north-east-south-west-north from left to right, and the gray scale of pixel is proportional to echo amplitude.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional position synoptic diagram that calculates sonic data shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is the numerical characteristics according to data, the feature reference data figure of extraction.
Fig. 5 is that the coordinate system of three-dimensional Hough conversion transforms reference view.
Fig. 6 handles sonic data, the Hough territory reference data figure that obtains.
Fig. 7 is the tadpole diagram that obtains according to Hough territory reference data.
Fig. 8 is the three-dimensional planar figure that obtains according to Hough territory reference data.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples,, be described in detail a kind of method of measuring attitude of stratum in the pit shaft of the present invention.
In logging technology, utilize the situation of well-log information analysis and research subsurface geological structure, for example adopt four arm dipmeter loggings and six arm dipmeter loggings, methods such as microresistivity scanning, well week acoustic logging.Four arm dipmeter logging principles are that four pole plate arms are installed on logging instrumentation, record four resistivity curves of the borehole wall, judge the occurrence on stratum, comprise parameters such as inclination angle, tendency.Adopt computing method of the present invention (as shown in Figure 1), can realize asking for the attitude of stratum parameter easily, its method is,
1. input log data
The log data that records is inputed to several computer memorys; The input log data can be 4～40 arm log datas, resistivity scanning imagery data, borehole wall sound wave echo time imaging data, borehole wall sound wave echo amplitude imaging data.Dipmeter logging data, resistivity scanning imagery data such as four arms, six arms are the resistivity or the conductivity of measuring well week different azimuth, have reflected the electrical property feature of well Zhou Yanshi.Borehole wall sound wave echo time imaging data is the echo time data of well week different azimuth, and borehole wall sound wave echo amplitude is the echo amplitude of well week different azimuth, has reflected the acoustic feature in well week.Because these data have the parameter in orientation, therefore can construct research.In the present embodiment, input be sound wave echo amplitude data.Specifically be the data matrix of a two dimension in computing machine, unit is mv (conversion unit).Fig. 2 is a sound wave echo amplitude image, and the longitudinal axis is the degree of depth among the figure, and transverse axis is the expansion in well week, and the orientation is followed successively by north-east-south-west-north from left to right, and the gray scale of pixel is proportional to echo amplitude.
2. the locus of computational data
Log data is deposited with matrix form in computing machine, and promptly each data all has a horizontal ordinate, and an ordinate is arranged, and is presented at the plane as shown in Figure 2.But actual conditions are the data on the measuring well week spatial structure, are converted into three-dimensional position more as shown in Figure 3.At this moment, each data all has three direction coordinate parameters: x, y, z.Wherein the z axle is that vertically the y axle is the direction perpendicular to paper, and the x axle is that laterally as shown in Figure 5, the pass of this coordinate system and earth coordinates is that the y axle is the earth direct north, and the x axle is a earth due east direction.
3. according to the feature of data, extract the feature reference data
In this example, be size, extract the feature reference data according to data value.The threshold value of taking is 2000mv.For the input log data greater than 2000mv be 255 (white portions), smaller or equal to 2000mv is 0 (black part).Suppose a[10] [10] [10] are z=10 in the space, the log data value that y=10, x=10 are ordered, b[10] [10] [10] are feature reference data points data value.That is:
b[10][10][10]＝255 if a[10][10][11]＞2000 (1)
b[10][10][10]＝0 if a[10][10][11]＜＝2000 (2)
Be meant difference between the data according to the edge feature of data.Suppose a[10] [10] [10] are for space z=10, the log data value that y=10, x=10 are ordered.A[10] [10] [11] are z=10, y=10, x=11 point log data value, the feature reference data points then can be determined according to the order of magnitude of the edge difference value of data, feature reference data point value less than the difference of 100mv is 255, is 0 more than or equal to the feature reference data point value of the difference of 100mv.That is:
b[10][10][10]＝255 if |a[10][10][11]-a[10][10][10]|＜100 (3)
b[10][10][10]＝0 if |a[10][10][11]-a[10][10][10]|＞＝100 (4)
Also can adopt the more data point as reference, adopt the algorithm of similar difference, extract the feature reference data.
Practical application shows that numerical characteristics is applicable to the identification of tectonic structures such as crack, thin layer etc. more, and edge feature is applicable to the identification of tectonic structures such as tomography, wash surface, bedding, bed interface etc. more.
4. the feature reference data is carried out plane Hough conversion, obtain Hough territory reference data.
For the feature reference data is 0 part, and substitution plane Hough transformation for mula in the Hough data that are added to, obtains Hough territory reference data.
Plane Hough conversion, the formula of employing is:
ρ＝z·sin+x·cosθ·cos+y·sinθ·cos (5)
Wherein, x, y, z are the 3 D stereo location parameter of feature reference data points, are specially feature reference data intermediate value and are the coordinate of 0 point; ρ, θ, φ are the parameter of Hough territory reference data.Meaning is as follows:
Suppose that at x y has a plane in the z coordinate system, as the shadow surface among Fig. 5, on the face coordinate of each point be (x, y, z).Initial point is P to the orthocenter on plane, and distance is ρ, and P is Q to the orthocenter of face xoy, ∠ POQ=φ, ∠ QOA=θ.The terrestrial coordinate angle of declination of supposing this face is α, is inclined to be β.Then:
α＝|φ-90°| (6)
β＝θ if φ＞＝90° &φ＜＝180°?(7)
β＝θ+180° if φ＞＝0°&φ＜90° (8)
In the formula (5), to any point (x, y z), change when θ is in (0～360 °), and φ is in (0～360 °) marquis when changing can obtain many ρ, therefore be a ρ～f (0, φ) curved surface.To all feature reference data conversion, (these surface intersections are in many points for θ, φ) curved surface to obtain various ρ～f.From another angle, (φ) space a bit may be by various processes for ρ, θ.Therefore, (ρ, θ, φ) coordinate space, the numerical value that this space is every were the curved surface number of this point in generation.
Be in (0～180 °) because work as θ, φ is in (0～180 °), and (d/2～when d/2) changing, Hough territory reference data can be represented the plane that all may exist to ρ, and d is the distance of two maximum transformation space points of distance.Therefore in this example, get ρ, θ, the scope of φ and coordinate space are as shown in Figure 6.
5. according to Hough territory reference data, calculate attitude of stratum parameter and degree of confidence
According to Hough territory reference data, when the somewhere stacking fold greater than certain threshold value, calculate the corresponding degree of depth, inclination angle, tendency, superposition value can be used as the reference data of degree of confidence.
The inclination angle of this face, tendency are asked for according to formula (6) (7) (8).
Suppose that this face degree of depth is d, i.e. the degree of depth of this face and borehole axis center intersection point (length of Fig. 5 middle conductor OC), then
d＝ρ/cos(α) (9)
Degree of confidence then is proportional to the value of Hough territory reference data, i.e. stacking fold.Every gray scale is inversely proportional to degree of confidence among Fig. 6.
If adopt level and smooth disposal route, suppose that 3 Hough territory reference datas are h[8] [8] [9], h[8] [8] [8], h[8] [8] [7], be designated as ρ under first, be designated as θ under second, be designated as φ under the 3rd.Level and smooth back ρ=8, θ=8, φ=8 values are h ' [8] [8] [8],
h’[8][8][8]＝(h[8][8][9]+h[8][8][8]+h[8][8][7])/3 (10)
Handle the back with level and smooth back data as Hough territory reference data.
Also can adopt more point to carry out similar smoothing processing, obtain Hough territory reference data.
6. parameter and the degree of confidence that calculates is presented on the display with the result map form, or prints and publish picture.
Fig. 7 is a tadpole diagram, and the ordinate of each tadpole is the degree of depth among the figure, and horizontal ordinate is the inclination angle, the tadpole tail be oriented to tendency.Fig. 8 is the plane the asked 3-D display design sketch in well week.
Through comparing with relevant pairing comparision and the manual result who picks up, this method is fine with the manual anastomose property that picks up, and is better than relevant pairing comparision aspect accuracy.
In actual production, the dipmeter logging data processing is one of main means of research subsurface geological structure.Adopt relevant pairing comparision to handle about 10,000 U.S. dollars of a bite well dip information expense, about 50,000 U.S. dollars of a cover dipmeter logging data processor expense, source code is more expensive.And along with the increase of log data amount, pick up by hand, disposal route such as relevant contrast, can not satisfy accurately, quick, the requirement of applied range.And adopt disposal route of the present invention, not only the program thinking is clear and definite, process realizes simply, and result of calculation is accurate; Be widely used in addition, can handle resistivity scanning imagery log data, all acoustic imaging log datas of well, and, but be difficult to realize these Data Processing with relevant pairing comparision.
In sum, the method of attitude of stratum in the calculating pit shaft that the present invention will solve, obtain and comprise the degree of depth, inclination angle, tendency and degree of confidence attitude of stratum parameter, adopted the feature reference data has been carried out plane Hough conversion, the technological means of analyzing and processing Hough territory reference data has obtained to comprise the log data computation processing method of said procedure; Therefore, the invention belongs to the object of patented claim protection.
Allly conceive identical technical scheme, all within this claim protection domain with the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a method of measuring attitude of stratum in the pit shaft is characterized in that;
＜1〉use well logger to record the log data of attitude of stratum in the pit shaft, comprise, the well week acoustic logging of the resistivity of reflection borehole wall different azimuth electrical property feature or four arm dipmeter loggings of conductivity, six arm dipmeter loggings, microresistivity scanning and reflection borehole wall different azimuth acoustic feature, carry out the computing of stratigraphic dip, tendency by the following method:
＜2〉input log data;
The log data that records is inputed to computer memory; The input log data is 4～40 arm log datas, resistivity scanning imagery data, sound wave echo time imaging data, sound wave echo amplitude imaging data;
＜3〉locus of computational data;
Terrestrial coordinate position according to the well log measurement data, calculate in the computing machine three direction coordinate parameters: x that each data of corresponding expression all have, y, z, wherein the z axle is that vertically the y axle is the direction perpendicular to paper, and the x axle is horizontal, the pass of this coordinate system and earth coordinates is that the y axle is the earth direct north, and the x axle is a earth due east direction;
＜4〉according to the feature of data, extract the feature reference data;
When being used for the architectonic identification in crack, thin layer,, extract the feature reference data according to input value: determine the size of threshold value, greater than greater than threshold value, be set at white portion for the input log data, smaller or equal to threshold value, be set at the black part;
Or when being used for tomography, wash surface, bedding, the identification of bed interface tectonic structure, according to the feature reference data of the extraction of the edge difference value of data;
Or do reference with the more data point, and adopt the algorithm of similar difference, extract the feature reference data;
＜5〉the feature reference data is carried out plane Hough conversion, obtain Hough territory reference data;
For feature reference data substitution plane Hough transformation for mula, in the Hough data that are added to, obtain Hough territory reference data;
Plane Hough conversion, the formula of employing is:
ρ＝z·sin+x·cosθ·cos+y·sinθ·cos
Wherein, x, y, z are the 3 D stereo location parameter of feature reference data points, are specially the coordinate of feature reference data; ρ, θ, φ are the parameter of Hough territory reference data;
＜6 〉, calculate attitude of stratum parameter and degree of confidence according to Hough territory reference data;
According to Hough territory reference data, when the somewhere stacking fold greater than certain threshold value, calculate the corresponding degree of depth, inclination angle, tendency, superposition value can be used as the reference data of degree of confidence;
The inclination angle of this face, tendency are asked for according to following formula:
α＝|φ-90°|
β＝θ ifφ＞＝90°?&φ＜＝180°
β＝θ+180° ifφ＞＝0° &φ＜90°
Here at x, y has a plane in the z coordinate system, on the face coordinate of each point be (z), initial point is P to the orthocenter on plane for x, y, the distance be ρ, P is Q to the orthocenter of face xoy, ∠ POQ=φ, ∠ QOA=θ, the terrestrial coordinate angle of declination of this face is α, is inclined to be β;
Suppose that this face degree of depth is d, i.e. the degree of depth of this face and borehole axis center intersection point, then:
d＝ρ/cos(α)
Degree of confidence then is proportional to the value of Hough territory reference data, i.e. stacking fold;
Handle the back with level and smooth back data as Hough territory reference data;
Can adopt more point to carry out similar smoothing processing, obtain Hough territory reference data;
＜7〉parameter and the degree of confidence that calculates is presented on the display with result map, or prints and publish picture.
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| CN104656132B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2017-08-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method for improving multi-faceted stratigraphic dip information storage efficiency |
| CN107218033B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-10-30 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for identifying stratum attitude and inversion method of stratum parameters |
| CN112539056B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2022-11-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Multi-dimensional underground imaging feature extraction method and imaging device |
| CN113138411B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2023-10-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for displaying logging stratum occurrence well-passing earthquake time section |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1324075A2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-07-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic logging apparatus and method |
| CN1588128A (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2005-03-02 | 石油大学(北京) | Method for predicting collapse pressure and bursting pressure for borehole to be drilled section using earthquake record |
| CN1588127A (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2005-03-02 | 石油大学(北京) | Method for predicting collapse pressure and bursting pressure using earthquake interval velocity before drilling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1324075A2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-07-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic logging apparatus and method |
| CN1588128A (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2005-03-02 | 石油大学(北京) | Method for predicting collapse pressure and bursting pressure for borehole to be drilled section using earthquake record |
| CN1588127A (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2005-03-02 | 石油大学(北京) | Method for predicting collapse pressure and bursting pressure using earthquake interval velocity before drilling |
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