CN100334241C - Aluminum Alloy Die Casting - Google Patents
Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN100334241C CN100334241C CNB200310101006XA CN200310101006A CN100334241C CN 100334241 C CN100334241 C CN 100334241C CN B200310101006X A CNB200310101006X A CN B200310101006XA CN 200310101006 A CN200310101006 A CN 200310101006A CN 100334241 C CN100334241 C CN 100334241C
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
发明所属的技术领域The technical field to which the invention belongs
本发明是关于一种铝合金,特别是一种极薄件压铸用的铝合金。The invention relates to an aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy for die-casting of extremely thin pieces.
现有技术current technology
随着电脑、通讯及消费性电子等3C产业的迅速发展,手机、笔记本电脑、与数码相机等电子产品的普遍性与日俱增。并且,为了提高各种电子产品的市场竞争力,各厂商除了积极加强产品性能之外,更是极力提升产品的美观与使用便利性,以吸引消费者的注意。因此,各种电子产品都是朝向轻薄短小发展,尤其是手机、笔记本电脑、与数码相机等的机壳更是以轻、薄及美观,以满足消费者的视觉需求。With the rapid development of 3C industries such as computers, communications and consumer electronics, the popularity of electronic products such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and digital cameras is increasing day by day. Moreover, in order to improve the market competitiveness of various electronic products, manufacturers not only actively enhance product performance, but also try their best to improve the appearance and convenience of use of products to attract consumers' attention. Therefore, all kinds of electronic products are developing towards lightness, thinness and shortness, especially the casings of mobile phones, notebook computers, and digital cameras are light, thin and beautiful to meet the visual needs of consumers.
一般而言,目前各种电子产品的机壳多是利用镁合金或铝合金经过压铸过程而形成,而压铸过程是指在高温下,将融化的合金压入精密铸模,以在短时间内大量生产高精度且表面细致的铸造方式。不过,由于镁合金的比强度(specific strength)高于铝合金,并且相同厚度的镁合金压铸件比铝合金压铸件轻约30%,因此,镁合金压铸件更是广泛地应用于电子产品的机壳。Generally speaking, at present, the casings of various electronic products are mostly made of magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy through a die-casting process, and the die-casting process refers to pressing the molten alloy into a precision casting mold at high temperature to produce a large Casting methods that produce high-precision and fine-grained surfaces. However, since the specific strength of magnesium alloys is higher than that of aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloy die castings of the same thickness are about 30% lighter than aluminum alloy die castings, magnesium alloy die castings are widely used in electronic products. chassis.
然而,镁合金的原料价钱很高,并且镁合金压铸的废料(scrap)氧化快且杂质含量多,因此镁合金压铸的废料无法重复地放回熔炉内再融化,而必需送回镁合金工厂处理,所以镁合金的压铸成本比较高。此外,由于镁合金的热焓(enthalpy)低,所以镁合金对温度的变化特别敏感,因此镁合金在压铸过程中往往会产生许多无法控制的缺陷,而必须通过重做过程(rework)来消除缺陷,因而增加了制造成本并降低了压铸过程的收率。However, the raw material price of magnesium alloy is very high, and the scrap of magnesium alloy die-casting (scrap) oxidizes quickly and contains a lot of impurities, so the scrap of magnesium alloy die-casting cannot be put back into the furnace for re-melting repeatedly, but must be sent back to the magnesium alloy factory for processing , so the die casting cost of magnesium alloy is relatively high. In addition, due to the low enthalpy of magnesium alloys, magnesium alloys are particularly sensitive to temperature changes, so magnesium alloys tend to have many uncontrollable defects during the die-casting process, which must be eliminated by rework defects, thus increasing the manufacturing cost and reducing the yield of the die casting process.
相反地,铝合金的原料成本低廉,并且铝合金压铸的废料可重复地放回熔炉内再融化,因此,利用铝合金来制作各种电子产品的机壳是可降低制作成本,进而增加产品在市场上的竞争力。但是,由于铝合金的比强度(specificstrength)低于镁合金,因此如何提高一般市售的铝合金的机械强度,这是目前极受关注的一项重要课题。另一方面,目前不论是镁合金或是铝合金,压铸件的厚度必须大于1毫米(mm),才能维持压铸过程的高收率,因此如何兼顾压铸件的厚度与制程收率,也是一项极关键的课题。On the contrary, the raw material cost of aluminum alloy is low, and the scrap of aluminum alloy die-casting can be repeatedly put back into the furnace for remelting. Competitiveness in the market. However, since the specific strength of aluminum alloys is lower than that of magnesium alloys, how to improve the mechanical strength of commercially available aluminum alloys is currently an important issue that has drawn great attention. On the other hand, at present, whether it is magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the die-casting must be greater than 1 millimeter (mm) in order to maintain a high yield in the die-casting process. Therefore, how to balance the thickness of the die-casting with the process yield is also an issue very crucial subject.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种薄件压铸用的铝合金,用以制作厚度薄且强度高的机壳。The object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy for die-casting of thin pieces, which is used to make a casing with thin thickness and high strength.
依据本发明的目的,本发明的优选实施例是提供一种铝合金压铸件(aluminum alloy die casting ingot),它包含有重量百分比为9.5%~11.5%的硅,重量百分比为1.5%~3.5%的铅,重量百分比小于或等于0.3%的钛,重量百分比小于或等于0.3%的铅,以及一剩余成分,其中该剩余成分包含有铝与多个杂质元素,且该剩余成分的重量百分比是上述成分的剩余重量百分比。According to the purpose of the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of aluminum alloy die casting ingot, and it comprises silicon that percentage by weight is 9.5%~11.5%, percentage by weight is 1.5%~3.5% lead, titanium at a weight percentage less than or equal to 0.3%, lead at a weight percentage less than or equal to 0.3%, and a remaining component, wherein the remaining component contains aluminum and a plurality of impurity elements, and the weight percentage of the remaining component is the above-mentioned The remaining weight percent of the ingredient.
由于本发明的铝合金压铸件添加有钛金属与铅金属,因而可提高铝合金的机械强度,并增加铝合金在压铸过程中的流动性及在加工制程中的加工性,以有效提高铝合金的压铸制程收率。Since the aluminum alloy die-casting of the present invention is added with titanium metal and lead metal, the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the fluidity of the aluminum alloy in the die-casting process and the processability in the processing process can be increased to effectively improve the aluminum alloy. die casting process yield.
实施方式Implementation
请参阅表1,表1为本发明铝合金的组成成分示意图。如表1所示,本发明的铝合金包含有硅、铜、钛、铅、铝、锰、镍、锌、铁、镁以及锡等元素。其中,硅的重量百分比为9.5%~11.5%,铜的重量百分比为1.5%~3.5%,钛的重量百分比小于或等于0.3%,铅的重量百分比是小于或等于0.3%,锰的重量百分比是小于或等于0.5%,镍的重量百分比是小于或等于0.3%,锌的重量百分比是小于或等于1.0%,铁的重量百分比是小于或等于1.0%,镁的重量百分比是小于或等于0.3%,锡的重量百分比是小于或等于0.15%,而铝的重量百分比为上述成分的剩余重量百分比。Please refer to Table 1, Table 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the aluminum alloy of the present invention. As shown in Table 1, the aluminum alloy of the present invention contains elements such as silicon, copper, titanium, lead, aluminum, manganese, nickel, zinc, iron, magnesium and tin. Among them, the weight percentage of silicon is 9.5%-11.5%, the weight percentage of copper is 1.5%-3.5%, the weight percentage of titanium is less than or equal to 0.3%, the weight percentage of lead is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the weight percentage of manganese is Less than or equal to 0.5%, nickel is less than or equal to 0.3% by weight, zinc is less than or equal to 1.0% by weight, iron is less than or equal to 1.0% by weight, magnesium is less than or equal to 0.3% by weight, The weight percentage of tin is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the weight percentage of aluminum is the remaining weight percentage of the above-mentioned components.
必须注意的是,本发明的铝合金包含有适量的钛元素与铅元素,并且钛与铅的重量百分比均低于0.3%,此是本发明的铝合金与一般市售铝合金的最大差异之处。其中,钛元素是用来作为晶粒细化剂(grain refiner),用以微细化铝合金的晶粒,由于细晶材料具有较大的晶界面积以阻止差排的移动,因此可增加铝合金的硬度与强度。此外,铅元素是用于增强铝合金的加工性,以利于制作极薄且强度高的铝合金压铸件。另一方面,硅元素主要是用于增加铝合金的强度(strength)以及流动性(fluidity),然而若铝合金的硅含量过多,则会使铝合金的熔点过高而不易进行机械加工处理(machine),因此本发明的铝合金的硅含量是介于9.5%到11.5%之间。除此之外,铜元素可增强铝合金的强度与硬度(hardness),但过多的铜元素会降低铝合金的延伸率(elongation),所以本发明的铝合金的铜含量介于1.5%到3.5%之间。It must be noted that the aluminum alloy of the present invention contains an appropriate amount of titanium and lead elements, and the weight percentages of titanium and lead are both lower than 0.3%, which is one of the biggest differences between the aluminum alloy of the present invention and general commercially available aluminum alloys place. Among them, titanium element is used as a grain refiner (grain refiner) to refine the grains of aluminum alloy. Since the fine-grained material has a large grain boundary area to prevent the movement of dislocations, it can increase the aluminum alloy. Alloy hardness and strength. In addition, the lead element is used to enhance the workability of aluminum alloys to facilitate the production of extremely thin and high-strength aluminum alloy die-castings. On the other hand, silicon is mainly used to increase the strength and fluidity of the aluminum alloy. However, if the silicon content of the aluminum alloy is too high, the melting point of the aluminum alloy will be too high and it will not be easy to process. (machine), so the silicon content of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is between 9.5% and 11.5%. In addition, the copper element can enhance the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy, but too much copper element will reduce the elongation of the aluminum alloy, so the copper content of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is between 1.5% and between 3.5%.
请参考表2,表2是本发明的优选实施例的铝合金的组成成分。如表2所示,本发明的铝合金是包含有10.58%的硅,2.04%的铜,0.044%的钛,0.165%的铅,84.96%的铝,0.211%的锰,0.061%的镍,0.84%的锌,0.787%的铁,0.227%的镁,以及0.021%的锡。Please refer to Table 2, Table 2 is the composition of the aluminum alloy of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Table 2, the aluminum alloy of the present invention contains 10.58% silicon, 2.04% copper, 0.044% titanium, 0.165% lead, 84.96% aluminum, 0.211% manganese, 0.061% nickel, 0.84 % zinc, 0.787% iron, 0.227% magnesium, and 0.021% tin.
由于铝合金ADC-12与镁合金AZ91-D为常见的压铸用合金材料,因此以下说明是将本发明的铝合金、铝合金ADC-12以及镁合金AZ91-D的性质比较整理于表3。如表3所示,在文献资料中,铝合金ADC-12的屈服强度(yieldstrength)与密度的比值为56.3,镁合金AZ91-D的屈服强度与密度的比值为83.3,而两者的比值为0.67。此外,在本发明的实验数据中,本发明的铝合金的屈服强度与密度的比值是65.0,镁合金AZ91-D的屈服强度与密度的比值是80.6,而两者的比值是0.80。因此,相较于市售的铝合金ADC-12而言,本发明的铝合金的比强度(屈服强度与密度的比值)更加接近镁合金。Since the aluminum alloy ADC-12 and the magnesium alloy AZ91-D are common die-casting alloy materials, the following description is to compare the properties of the aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy ADC-12 and magnesium alloy AZ91-D of the present invention in Table 3. As shown in Table 3, in the literature, the ratio of yield strength to density of aluminum alloy ADC-12 is 56.3, the ratio of yield strength to density of magnesium alloy AZ91-D is 83.3, and the ratio of the two is 0.67. In addition, in the experimental data of the present invention, the ratio of the yield strength to the density of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is 65.0, the ratio of the yield strength to the density of the magnesium alloy AZ91-D is 80.6, and the ratio of the two is 0.80. Therefore, compared with the commercially available aluminum alloy ADC-12, the specific strength (ratio of yield strength to density) of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is closer to that of the magnesium alloy.
如表3所示,在文献资料中,铝合金ADC-12的抗拉强度(tensile strength)与密度的比值为114.8,镁合金AZ91-D的抗拉强度与密度的比值为127.8,而两者的比值为0.89。在本发明的实验数据中,本发明的铝合金的抗拉强度与密度的比值是82.5,镁合金AZ91-D的屈服强度与密度的比值是为94.7,而两者的比值则是0.87。虽然本发明的铝合金的抗拉强度略低于铝合金ADC-12,但本发明的铝合金与镁合金的比强度(抗拉强度与密度的比值)的比值为0.87,而铝合金ADC-12与镁合金的比强度的比值为0.89,因此,本发明的铝合金的抗拉强度仍在应用的可容许范围内。As shown in Table 3, in literature, the ratio of tensile strength to density of aluminum alloy ADC-12 is 114.8, the ratio of tensile strength to density of magnesium alloy AZ91-D is 127.8, and the ratio of the two The ratio is 0.89. In the experimental data of the present invention, the ratio of the tensile strength to the density of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is 82.5, the ratio of the yield strength to the density of the magnesium alloy AZ91-D is 94.7, and the ratio of the two is 0.87. Although the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is slightly lower than the aluminum alloy ADC-12, the ratio of the specific strength (ratio of tensile strength and density) of the aluminum alloy of the present invention to the magnesium alloy is 0.87, while the aluminum alloy ADC- The ratio of the specific strength of 12 to the magnesium alloy is 0.89, therefore, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy of the present invention is still within the allowable range for application.
简而言之,本发明主要是在铝合金的组成成分中添加适量的钛与铅,并通过微结构强度方法(micro structural strengthening method),例如:晶粒细化法(grain refining)等,以加强铝合金的机械强度,并使铝合金的强度更加接近镁合金。此外,又由于本发明的铝合金添加有铅元素,因而可增强本发明的铝合金于加工过程中的加工性。再者,本发明的铝合金在压铸制程中具有良好的融合性质(merging property),因此可减少重做过程的次数,以提高铝合金的压铸过程收率(yield rate)。In short, the present invention mainly adds an appropriate amount of titanium and lead to the composition of the aluminum alloy, and adopts a microstructural strengthening method (micro structural strengthening method), such as: grain refining method (grain refining), etc., to Strengthen the mechanical strength of aluminum alloy and make the strength of aluminum alloy closer to that of magnesium alloy. In addition, since the aluminum alloy of the present invention is added with lead element, the workability of the aluminum alloy of the present invention during processing can be enhanced. Furthermore, the aluminum alloy of the present invention has good merging properties in the die-casting process, so the number of rework processes can be reduced to increase the yield rate of the aluminum alloy in the die-casting process.
相较于市售的铝合金ADC-12而言,本发明的铝合金添加有钛金属与铅金属,以提高铝合金的机械强度,并且增加铝合金在压铸过程中的流动性,以有效提高铝合金的压铸过程收率。Compared with the commercially available aluminum alloy ADC-12, the aluminum alloy of the present invention is added with titanium metal and lead metal to improve the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy, and increase the fluidity of the aluminum alloy in the die-casting process to effectively improve the Aluminum Die Casting Process Yield.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,凡按本发明权利要求所做的等同变化与修饰,都应属于本发明专利的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention shall belong to the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.
表1本发明的铝合金的组成Table 1 Composition of the aluminum alloy of the present invention
表2本发明优选实施例的铝合金的组成The composition of the aluminum alloy of table 2 preferred embodiment of the present invention
表3本发明的铝合金、铝合金ADC-12以及Aluminum alloy of the present invention, aluminum alloy ADC-12 and
镁合金AZ91-D的性质比较
1.文献资料1. Documentation
2.本发明的实验数据2. Experimental data of the present invention
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CN108165839A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-15 | 江苏华晟电气科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of automobile engine aluminum alloy die casting |
CN107829000B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-03-20 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | Die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
CN109338175A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-15 | 临沂利信铝业有限公司 | A kind of green low-cost aluminum alloy and its preparation process |
CN111173826A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-05-19 | 浙江邦利五金制品有限公司 | Nut and alloy material thereof |
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CN1410572A (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2003-04-16 | 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 | High silicon cast aluminium spectrum standard sample and its preparation method |
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