CN1003317B - Cascade power plant with low-temperature and medium-temperature heat source fluid - Google Patents
Cascade power plant with low-temperature and medium-temperature heat source fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN1003317B CN1003317B CN85106574.0A CN85106574A CN1003317B CN 1003317 B CN1003317 B CN 1003317B CN 85106574 A CN85106574 A CN 85106574A CN 1003317 B CN1003317 B CN 1003317B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000353097 Molva molva Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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Abstract
A method of operating a plurality of independent closed Rankine cycle power generating units and a power generating plant wherein a medium or low temperature heat source fluid is applied to the evaporators of the power generating plant to produce heat released heat source fluid, each evaporator being provided with a preheater and the heat released heat source fluid being applied in parallel to all the preheaters. The heat-released heat source fluid heats the working fluid to an evaporation temperature when the heat source fluid applied to the evaporator supplies latent heat of evaporation to the working fluid of the power station. The present invention is advantageous over conventional cascade power plants of the type described because the temperature differential of the heat source fluid through the thermodynamic system can be increased without reducing efficiency. Or province, the temperature difference can be maintained and the efficiency can be increased. In either case the power generated by the power plant according to the invention is increased.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of utilize low temperature and in the modified model cascade power station of warm source fluid.
Below this paper alleged low temperature and in warm source fluid be meant that temperature is less than about this class heat source fluid of 350, as the industrial liquid that is produced by resulting geothermal fluid and various technological process in many production well.Be positioned at the east plateau development engineering (East Mesa Development Project) of south, California (Southern Caifornia) near the kingdom basin (Imperial Valley) of Holter Wei Er (Holtville), Liu Koujing is arranged at present, per hour can produce about 4,000,000 pounds of about geothermal fluids of 324.Such geothermal fluid is exactly the example of the heat source fluid of described type.
By convention, electric power is by described type heat source fluid, utilizes the hot machine of enclosed rankine cycle (Rankine cycle) to produce.The working fluid of this hot machine is a kind of organic fluid (as a freon), and this system is referred to as to call the power station of type described herein.A kind of heat source fluid of described type is added in the vaporizer of the described type of power plant that contains liquid organic fluids, thereby makes liquid organic fluids be transformed into steam.Steam expands in turbogenerator, the organic steam after making partial heat energy in the steam change merit into and produce heat release, the condensation in condenser of the organic steam after the heat release.The organic fluid of condensation sends back to vaporizer, and this circulation repeats.If adopt air cooled condenser, then the waste heat in the steam of condenser after with heat release is discharged in the surrounding atmosphere; If adopt water-cooled condenser, then waste heat entered cooling water.In general, because the pressure that participates in is lower comparatively speaking, therefore vaporizer is to work producing under the pressure saturated or only overheated slightly steam, so the design of the heat exchanger that is made of the pipe-line system and the turbine of vaporizer, delivering vapor can be simplified.For the power station that makes described type reaches maximum output, the temperature difference and the evaporating temperature in the vaporizer of the heat source fluid by the whole heat-exchange system in power station must be selected optimum value.
Conventional cascade power station uses a plurality of enclosed rankine cycle power station generator set all to connect a heat exchanger, is applied in the heat exchanger of each generator set to the heat source fluid cascade.No matter use what system, it is most important that the net power that system is produced reaches maximum.A kind of method that increases power is to extract more thermal energy from heat source fluid with the temperature difference that increases heat source fluid., no matter with single-stage or cascade system, utilize the temperature difference that increases the heat source fluid that strides across heat exchanger system can influence the reduction of power plant efficiency, because the mean temperature of heat source fluid has been lowered to increase the heat that from heat source fluid, is extracted.This just causes the evaporating temperature of the working fluid in heat exchanger to reduce, and has so just reduced the Carnot efficiency (Carnot efficiency) in power station.
In the efficient of being devoted to increase described type of power plant with increase in the process that extracts more power from heat source fluid, suggestion moves under supercritical temperature and supercritical pressure.In this case, the temperature of the evaporation organic fluid that is produced by heat exchanger system is the evaporating temperature that is higher than above-mentioned typical rankine cycle power station.Though, this method all is effective for the efficient that increases the power station and its output power of increase, but because circulation pump power consumes higher and expense increases and the complexity in power station, be that the pressurized container in power station must be designed to move under the pressure of the absolute pressure scope of 500-600 pound/square inch, thereby gain has been cancelled.
Therefore the objective of the invention is to provide a kind of new and improved power station of described type, it can more effectively move than general low pressure power station.
The invention provides the operation method in generator set loop, a kind of a plurality of rankine cycle power station, each generator set has a vaporizer, the heat source fluid that this vaporizer is accepted to be applied comes vaporized working fluid, the working fluid of this evaporation is applied to a turbo machine, the working fluid that this turbo machine is accepted the evaporation that is applied in is to produce the working fluid after the heat release, the then condensation in a condenser earlier before being sent back to vaporizer of working fluid after this heat release, described heat source fluid in series is fed in the vaporizer loop, make the vaporizer of the final stage generator set in the generator set loop produce the heat source fluid after the heat release, each vaporizer provides with a preheater, and the heat source fluid after the described heat release is applied in all preheaters with parallel way.When the heat source fluid that is added to vaporizer was supplied with the working fluid in power station to latent heat of vaporization, the heat source fluid after the heat release made working fluid be heated to evaporating temperature.
It is advantageous that the present invention compares with the conventional cascade power station of described type, because the temperature difference of this heat source fluid by thermodynamic system can increase and not reduce its efficient.Perhaps, the temperature difference can keep and efficient can increase.No matter that a kind of situation, the electric power that produces by power station of the present invention increases.
A kind of embodiment of the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the temperature of the heat exchanger in the power station of described type and the relation curve of heat input, the relation between the temperature difference of expression heat source fluid and the evaporating temperature of working fluid;
Fig. 2 is the Block Diagram by cascade of the present invention power station;
Fig. 3 is the relation curve that is similar to Fig. 1, is illustrated in the temperature of difference in Fig. 2 Block Diagram;
Fig. 4 is the relation curve that is similar to the conventional cascade power station of Fig. 3, and this power station has the heat exchange area identical with operation power station shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 is second kind of scheme by cascade of the present invention power station, represents a plurality of combined type heat energy conversion equipments of multistage row.
Now the problems of the prior art that the present invention solves are described referring to Fig. 1.Curve representation is the function of rate of heat exchange of heat exchanger that is applied to the single-stage power station of a described type in a kind of temperature variation of heat source fluid.Curve A represent heat source fluid in heat exchanger from being cooled at the outlet port of heat exchanger temperature T out at heat exchanger entrance temperature T in
1, wherein, Tin-Tout
1=△ T
1In known method, it changes the evaporating temperature Tevap of the working fluid of being represented by curve B
1Be temperature by the working fluid that enters heat exchanger, Tcond and △ T
1Determined.Ratio a
1/ b
1The preheating percentage that is called exchanger, it is a ratio of working fluid being brought up in the unit time the needed total amount of heat of vaporized working fluid in the needed heat of evaporating point (still for liquid) and unit time from condenser temperature.Concerning the heat source fluid of described type, this ratio can change in the 25%-55% scope.
Heat source fluid is at the temperature Tp p of the turning point of curve B
1Be called saturated-steam temperature and corresponding heat source fluid temperature difference (pinch-point) with the difference of Tevap; This temperature generally is between 8-12 °F.Can prove and reduce saturated-steam temperature and corresponding heat source fluid temperature difference improving the effect that evaporating temperature has increases this system effectiveness, because Carnot efficiency represents to be proportional to the ratio of difference with the evaporating temperature of evaporating temperature and condenser temperature with system of absolute units.Can prove, in this way increase Carnot efficiency, will lean on out-of-proportion surface area that increases heat exchanger greatly.
Use by the working fluid of curve B and the heat source fluid that cools off by curve A in a power station, and the more suitable way that increase its output power is to increase the temperature difference of heat source fluid by thermodynamic system.In this case, heat source fluid will be cooled to Tout from Tin according to curve C
2; And working fluid will be described with curve D.That is to say Tevap
2To be lower than Tevap
1And can prove that when the heat from the heat source fluid suction increased along with the enhancing of heat source fluid cooling, the efficient of system had just reduced.The increase of output power with veto in the rate of cooling of heat source fluid in heat exchanger.The present invention proposes and has solved the problem that how to increase output power.
Referring now to Fig. 2,, label 10 is power stations of the present invention.Power station 10 comprises many independently enclosed rankine cycle organic fluid power station generator set 12A, 12B and 12C.Represented is three such power station generator set.But the present invention for more than 2 or 2 independently the power station generator set all can implement.Each generator set all is the same, therefore, only needs to describe in detail generator set 12A.This generator set comprises the vaporizer 13A that a kind of organic liquid is housed, and by inlet 14A will from the low temperature in source 11 or warm source fluid be added to 13A.Organic liquid in vaporizer 13A produces saturated basically or overheated slightly steam through evaporation, and this steam is added to the turbine 16A of turbogenerator 15A.Steam expands in turbine 16A, and the partial heat energy that contains in steam changes merit into, makes generator 17A generating.The steam of being discharged by turbine 16A is added to condenser 18A, and in 18A, condenser uses cold water that vapor condensation is liquid.In addition, also can make air-cooled condenser.
With a pump (not marking among the figure) condensed fluid is transported to preheater 19A by condenser 18A, can be vaporizer 13A entity a part or separate with it.To be added to the preheater 19A by the inlet 20A of the heat source fluid after the heat release of the evaporator outlet gained of the 3rd generator set from preheater, 21A transfers out the heat source fluid of cooling in outlet.If heat source fluid is a geothermal fluid, then Leng Que fluid can be transported to disused well, and perhaps, if heat source fluid is a kind of chemicals, then Leng Que fluid can be failed back in the technological process.
As shown in Figure 2, the heat source fluid that is flowed out at outlet 22A by vaporizer 13A is added to the inlet 14B of the vaporizer 13B of power station generator set 12B; And be added to the inlet 14C of the vaporizer 13C of generator set 12C by the heat source fluid that the outlet 22B of vaporizer 13B flows out.Below, by the heat source fluid of vaporizer 13C after the heat source fluid that 22C flows out is called heat release, because each vaporizer 13A, 13B and 13C aspirate heat energy.Fluid parallel connection after this heat release is added among each preheater 19A, 19B and the 19C.That is to say, regulation of the present invention with low temperature or in warm heat source fluid be added to 11 cascades vaporizer 13A, 13B and the 13C of power station 12A, 12B and 12C from the source, so that the heat source fluid after the outlet 22C of vaporizer 13C presents the heat release that is produced, and the heat source fluid after the heat release is added among each preheater 19A, 19B and the 19C in parallel.If heat source fluid is a geothermal fluid, then the heat source fluid that is flowed out by preheater just is transported to disused well.
Fig. 3 has represented to be similar to the typical temperature-heat energy plotted curve in Fig. 2 power station, and this power station can be with plateau, above-mentioned east heat operation fluid.The size of temperature and flow rate depends on the present capacity in development engineering field with "nine squares", plateau, east, also is for the ease of relatively, when use has the heat exchanger of the same gross area, and the power that power station of the present invention and conventional cascade power station are produced.
Per hour about 3.7 hundred ten thousand pounds geothermal fluid is applicable to that cascade is input to vaporizer 13A, 13B and 13C; Heat source fluid after the heat release of being flowed out by vaporizer 13C has approximately and partly is added to preheater 19A.About 1/3 is added to preheater 19B, and all the other then are added to preheater 19C.Suppose that the condenser condition is such: the temperature that is flowed out organic fluid by the condenser of each generator set in power station is 100 °F, and the temperature of the geothermal fluid after the heat release of being flowed out by vaporizer 13C is 175 °F, and the geothermal fluid after this heat release further is cooled to 130 °F in the process of each preheater of flowing through.
Geothermal fluid enters vaporizer 13A with 324 °F and the vaporizer of flowing through is cooled to 247 temperature.Organic liquid at vaporizer 13A is heated to 268 °F from 168 of temperature, and this temperature is the evaporating temperature of power station generator set 12A.This provides one to be about 8 saturated-steam temperature and corresponding heat source fluid temperature difference.The geothermal fluid temperature that is flowed out by vaporizer 13C is 175 °F, and this temperature of geothermal fluid is cooled to 130 °F in each preheater 19A, 19B and 19C.Like this, concerning the generator set 12A of power station, when the organic liquid in preheater was heated to 168 °F by 100 °F, geothermal fluid was cooled to 130 °F by 175 °F.
The evaporating temperature of power station 12B is 203 °F, works as heat, and this is lower than the evaporating temperature of power station 12A.Like this, the operating pressure of power station 12B is lower than the operating pressure of power station 12A.The evaporating temperature of same power station 12C is 168 °F, and this temperature is a minimum temperature in three power stations.
Can see, generator set 12A, total logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) of the heat exchanger of 12B and 12C is respectively about 23 °F, about 19 °F and about 16 °F.In addition, can prove that the Carnot efficiency that is shown in the power station of Fig. 3 is about 18.5%.Have basically the routine three cascade power stations with the heat exchanger of the same area in Fig. 3 power station, its temperature-heat energy class of a curve is similar to curve shown in Figure 4.In this conventional power generation usage station, geothermal fluid temperature after a cascade is by heat exchanger is cooled to 130 °F by 324 °F.In three generator set, evaporating temperature is respectively 272 °F, 178 °F and 129 °F.The temperature of geothermal fluid when entering the heat exchanger of second generator set is 225 °F, then is 168 °F when entering the 3rd generator set.In this case, can prove that the logarithmic mean temperature difference of each generator set of so a kind of cascade system is respectively about 23 °F, 19 °F and 17 °F.Just confirm that the surface area of the heat exchanger of conventional system is about the same with the surface area of the heat exchange in power station of the present invention.Yet, the Carnot's cycle efficiency only about 16.7% in conventional cascade power station.Yet, have that power station of the present invention as the onesize heat exchanger in conventional power station goes out the electric power more than 10% with pilosity and expense there is no significant increase.
Second embodiment of invention is shown in Fig. 5, confirms that it is made up of a plurality of combined type heat energy conversion equipments as shown in Figure 2, so that by allow the power station of any capacity of composition at the thermal energy conversion device of selecting suitable quantity for use.The power station 100 that is shown in Fig. 5 is so to be made up of a plurality of generator set of multistage arrangement.Shown in the figure be three grades, but the generator set number of every grade of sum of series is selected according to the power station desired volume all.Only as an example, the power station that is shown in Fig. 5 is made up of 9 generator set, is arranged in three grades, and every grade has three generator set.Each generator set 101A-C in level 1, each generator set 103A-C in each generator set 102A-C and the level 3 is made up of by mode shown in Figure 2 a vaporizer, preheater, an organic fluid turbogenerator (not illustrating among the figure) and a condenser (not illustrating among the figure) in level 2.Like this, in generator set 101A, for example, as freon or similarly organic fluid be heated and be transported to vaporizer 105A and evaporate.The organic fluid of evaporation is piped to turbogenerator, and produces electric energy and be condensed in the condenser of generator set and get back to steam after the heat release of preheater because of expansion drives generator.
According to the present invention, 106 parallel connections are added in each vaporizer of generator set of level 1 through header pipe by the geothermal heat source fluid that flows out in the well (not shown), and being collected in the outlet port of these generator set, 107 parallel connections are added to the vaporizer of the generator set of level 2 through header pipe then, or the like.Geothermal fluid after the heat release is collected in the header pipe 108 in outlet port of level 3 vaporizer, then its parallel connection is added to whole preheaters.Like this, each row of generator set that are shown in three vertical aligns of Fig. 5 are equivalent to the arrangement of Fig. 2.When the fluid that produces enough volumes when the underground heat heat source fluid was supplied the multistage power station of arranging as shown in Figure 2, it was useful especially then being shown in the power station that Fig. 5 sets up.
Can believe that according to above description advantage and improved effect that method and apparatus of the present invention has are significant to optimum implementation of the present invention.Only otherwise violation of a right requires described the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various changes and adjustment.
Claims (9)
1, the operation method of a kind of a plurality of rankine cycle power station generator set, each generator set has a vaporizer, the heat source fluid that this vaporizer is accepted to be applied comes vaporized working fluid, the working fluid of this evaporation is applied to a turbo machine, the working fluid that this turbo machine is accepted the evaporation that is applied in is to produce the working fluid after the heat release, working fluid after this heat release is condensation in a condenser earlier before being sent back to vaporizer, described heat source fluid in series is fed in the vaporizer loop, make the vaporizer of the final stage generator set in the generator set loop produce the heat source fluid after the heat release, it is characterized in that, each vaporizer is provided with a preheater, and the heat source fluid after the described heat release is applied in all preheaters with parallel way.
2, require 1 described method according to profit, it is characterized in that, wherein heat source fluid is a geothermal fluid.
3, by the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that this power station is moved under different pressures.
4, by the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that the working fluid in the described generator set is an organic fluid.
5, by the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that, use the working fluid of same type in each generator set.
6, by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that this generator set moves under subcritical rankine cycle condition.
7, by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise each generator set is arranged in multistage step, and on a given level, apply the step of heat source fluid with parallel way to the vaporizer of all generator set.
8, power station with a plurality of rankine cycle power station generator set, each generator set has vaporizer, the heat source fluid that this vaporizer is accepted to be applied comes vaporized working fluid, the working fluid of this evaporation is applied to a turbo machine, the working fluid that this turbo machine is accepted the evaporation that applied is to produce the working fluid after the heat release, working fluid after this heat release is condensation in a condenser earlier before being sent back to vaporizer, described heat source fluid in series is fed in the vaporizer loop, make the vaporizer of the final stage generator set in the generator set loop produce the heat source fluid after the heat release, it is characterized in that, each vaporizer has a preheater, and the heat source fluid after the described heat release is applied in all preheaters with parallel way.
9, by the described power station of claim 8, it is characterized in that having in order to described heat source fluid is applied to the device of a plurality of described vaporizers of given one-level with parallel way.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85106574.0A CN1003317B (en) | 1985-08-31 | 1985-08-31 | Cascade power plant with low-temperature and medium-temperature heat source fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85106574.0A CN1003317B (en) | 1985-08-31 | 1985-08-31 | Cascade power plant with low-temperature and medium-temperature heat source fluid |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85106574A CN85106574A (en) | 1987-03-18 |
| CN1003317B true CN1003317B (en) | 1989-02-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85106574.0A Expired CN1003317B (en) | 1985-08-31 | 1985-08-31 | Cascade power plant with low-temperature and medium-temperature heat source fluid |
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| CN (1) | CN1003317B (en) |
Cited By (1)
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| CN100365166C (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2008-01-30 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of cutting tool and processing method thereof |
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| CN100379600C (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2008-04-09 | 阳光信任有限责任公司 | Rankine cycle power generation |
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| CN102877903A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heat supply and power generation system of low-temperature heat source without direct working capability |
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| CN105351157A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-24 | 邢培奇 | Enhanced geothermal energy medium and low temperature power generation system |
| CN105464729A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-06 | 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 | Smoke and hot fluid waste heat recycling system |
| CN105443174A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-03-30 | 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 | Cascade type organic Rankine cycle system |
| CN115076056A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-20 | 等熵循环(北京)新能源科技有限公司 | System and method for realizing low-temperature-difference multistage power generation by using middle-deep-layer low-temperature geothermal energy |
-
1985
- 1985-08-31 CN CN85106574.0A patent/CN1003317B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100365166C (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2008-01-30 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of cutting tool and processing method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN85106574A (en) | 1987-03-18 |
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