CH720795A2 - Hydrofoil transport system with improved stability - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrofoil transport system comprising at least one hydrofoil comprising a hull extending in a longitudinal direction, a deck, propulsion means, said hydrofoil also comprising at its bow a first hydrofoil, and at its stern a second hydrofoil (10), each hydrofoil (10) being intended to take at least two positions, a first position in which the hydrofoil (10) has an orientation orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and a second position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation different from the orthogonal orientation. Said deck comprises a reception area, for example of at least one container (C), and said hydrofoil comprises on either side of the hull (2) at least one float (F1, F2) extending parallel to the longitudinal direction and movement means (M1', M2') configured to move each of the floats (F1, F2) from a first position close to the hull (2) to a second position distant from the hull (2).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrofoil transport system, said system transporting for example goods, freight, preferably contained in at least one container.

[0002] A hydrofoil is a boat whose hull is equipped with at least one foil. The speed of movement of the boat generates on the foil(s) a hydrodynamic lift capable of lifting the hull of the boat partially or completely out of the water, which has the effect of reducing the drag of the hull by around 30% to 40% and reducing the power required for cruising speed. In addition, it generates few or no waves at high speed, which helps to limit erosion of banks and coasts.

[0003] This reduction in the power required helps reduce the energy required to move the boat.

[0004] Furthermore, land transport of goods is very important, the majority of this transport is carried out by truck. A small part of the transport of goods is carried out by river or lake. However, such a means of transport has the advantage of decongesting the roads and reducing the risks of accidents involving trucks. In addition, it consumes significantly less energy. River transport is generally carried out by means of barges or barges. However, energy consumption is still relatively high in view of the ecological constraints that are imposed in all areas. In addition, transport by barge or barge is relatively slow. A slow speed is imposed to reduce the generation of waves and limit erosion, as well as the inconvenience of local residents.

[0005] In view of the ecological challenges facing the world, the hydrofoil appears to be a very interesting alternative in maritime and river transport. However, existing hydrofoils are not suitable for transporting a large mass load.

[0006] Furthermore, when loading containers onto barges, it is difficult to center the container on the barge. This can cause problems with the stability of the barge.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0007] It is therefore an aim of the present application to offer a new system for transporting goods on water, for example, offering improved stability, in particular when loading the goods.

[0008] The aim stated above is achieved by a transport system, for example for goods, comprising at least one hydrofoil comprising a hull and at least two floats arranged on either side of the axis of the hull and configured to take a first position close to the hull, for example in flight, and a second position distant from the hull, for example when loading the goods.

[0009] The floats which deviate from the hull ensure stability of the hydrofoil on which goods, particularly containers, can be loaded with a significantly reduced risk of capsizing.

[0010] The hull can be provided at the bow with a first steerable hydrofoil and at the stern with a second steerable hydrofoil, on the hull a storage space for goods is provided.

[0011] The implementation of two hydrofoils makes it possible to provide sufficient lift for the transport of a large mass load. The change in orientation of the hydrofoils makes it possible to significantly reduce drag at low speed and to limit the transverse bulk of the boat, particularly in ports, which facilitates its movement and docking.

[0012] In a particularly advantageous example, each float is movable relative to the hull, for example by means of a parallelogram articulation system, ensuring a movement away from or towards each float of the hull parallel to the longitudinal axis. Furthermore, this system is robust and relatively easy to implement.

[0013] Thus, thanks to the implementation of mobile floats, the total width of the hydrofoil remains relatively reduced compared to the width of the hull of a hydrofoil without a mobile float and having the same stability.

[0014] In other words, a barge is produced equipped with stabilizers on either side of the hull of the barge, said mobile stabilizers being at least transversely.

[0015] Furthermore, the use of a hydrofoil makes it possible to reach speeds three to four times higher than those of barges and barges without generating waves. For example, the hydrofoil can reach 20 knots in cruising speed while generating few or no waves, while the speed of a barge or barge is limited to 5 knots to reduce the generation of waves. Indeed, in canals, rivers and on certain coasts, the speed of movement is limited to reduce the generation of waves responsible for erosion and responsible for inconvenience for residents. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to overcome this limitation.

[0016] Very advantageously, the storage space is sufficient to accommodate either two 20-foot containers or a 40-foot container capable of holding up to 30 tonnes of goods.

[0017] Particularly advantageously, the hydrofoils are attached to vertically retractable underwater masts.

[0018] Particularly advantageously, the transport system comprises several hydrofoils moving in convoy, the hydrofoil at the head of the convoy piloting the movement of the entire convoy, means of communication being established between the different hydrofoils. A single pilot is then required to transport a large quantity of goods.

[0019] An object of the present application is then a hydrofoil transport system comprising at least one hydrofoil comprising a hull extending in a longitudinal direction, a deck, propulsion means, said hydrofoil also comprising at its bow a first underwater mast located in the longitudinal direction and at its stern a second underwater mast located in the longitudinal direction, the first underwater mast comprising at one end intended to be submerged a first hydrofoil, the second underwater mast comprising at one end intended to be submerged a second hydrofoil, each hydrofoil being connected to said underwater mast at a central zone, each hydrofoil being intended to take at least two positions, a first position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and a second position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation different from the orthogonal orientation. Said deck comprises a receiving zone, for example of at least one container. Said hydrofoil also comprises on either side of the hull at least one float extending parallel to the longitudinal direction and movement means configured to move each of the floats from a first position close to the hull to at least a second position distant from the hull.

[0020] In a preferred example, the displacement means are of the simple parallelogram type. The displacement means may comprise at least two connecting arms connecting one of the floats to the hull and two connecting arms connecting the other float to the hull, each connecting arm being articulated in rotation on a float and on the hull.

[0021] In another exemplary embodiment, the displacement means comprise beams fixed by one longitudinal end to a float and slidably mounted in the hull by their other end, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

[0022] Preferably, the displacement means are motorized and are controlled to return the floats to the second position from a minimum speed of the hydrofoil.

[0023] Very advantageously, in the first position each float is in contact with a side of the hull so as to extend the deck.

[0024] In a preferred example, each hydrofoil in the second position is substantially aligned with the longitudinal direction.

[0025] In one example, each of the underwater masts is configured such that in the first position the hydrofoil is away from the hull, and such that in the second position the hydrofoil is close to the hull.

[0026] The transport system may comprise on the deck a first arrangement in line with the first underwater mast for receiving the first underwater mast when the first hydrofoil is in a second position, and a second arrangement in line with the second underwater mast for receiving the second underwater mast when the second hydrofoil is in a second position, and the reception zone is located between the two arrangements.

[0027] In another exemplary embodiment, the hydrofoil is called a pilot hydrofoil, said system comprising at least one other hydrofoil, called a follower hydrofoil, said follower hydrofoil comprising a hull extending in a longitudinal direction, a deck, propulsion means, said hydrofoil also comprising at its bow a first underwater mast located on the longitudinal axis and at its stern a second underwater mast located on the longitudinal axis, each underwater mast comprising at one end intended to be submerged a hydrofoil, said hydrofoil being connected to said underwater mast at a central zone, each hydrofoil being intended to take at least two positions a first position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and a second position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation different from the orthogonal orientation. The deck comprises a storage area. The follower hydrofoil also comprises on either side of the hull at least one float extending parallel to the longitudinal direction and movement means configured to move each of the floats from a first position close to the hull to a second position distant from the hull.

[0028] The transport system also comprises communication means enabling an exchange of information between the pilot hydrofoil and the follower hydrofoil, said communication means advantageously being dedicated short-range communication means configured to ensure a direct exchange of information between the pilot hydrofoil and the follower hydrofoil. The pilot hydrofoil comprises a control unit and geolocation means. The follower hydrofoil comprises a control unit and geolocation means, said transport system being configured to operate at least in an imitation mode. The pilot hydrofoil is controlled by a driver and the follower hydrofoil reproduces the movement behavior of the pilot hydrofoil, and in a differentiated mode in which the movement behavior of the follower hydrofoil is controlled by the pilot hydrofoil.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present application will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows and the appended drawings in which: - Figure 1A is a schematically represented side view of a goods transport system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the floats being in the first position, - Figure 1B is a bottom view of the transport system of Figure 1A, - Figure 2 is a side view of the transport system of Figure 1A, the floats being in the second position, - Figure 3 is a top view of the transport system of Figure 1A without the buoys, - Figure 4 is a front view of the transport system of Figure 1A without the buoys, - Figure 5 is a top view of the transport system of Figure 2 without the buoys, - Figure 6 is a top view of a transport system according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, the floats being in the first position, - Figure 7 is a view from above the transport system of Figure 6, the floats being in the second position, – Figure 8 is a front view of the transport system of Figure 7, – Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a transport system with several hydrofoils.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The present invention relates to a hydrofoil transportation system usable on seas and oceans, on rivers and canals and on lakes.

[0031] In the following description, the terms “boat”, “hydrofoil” and “ship” are used interchangeably.

[0032] Furthermore, the description will relate more particularly to a boat adapted to the transport of goods or freight, but it will be understood that the invention also relates to a hydrofoil configured for the transport of people and/or goods.

[0033] In Figures 1A to 5, a schematic representation of an example of a transport system according to the invention can be seen. The transport system comprises at least one hydrofoil H.

[0034] The hydrofoil H comprises a hull 2, a cockpit 4, a first hydrofoil 8 fixed at its central part to the end of a first underwater mast 9 and arranged at the bow of the hydrofoil, a second hydrofoil 10 fixed at its central part to the end of a second underwater mast 12 and arranged at the stern of the hydrofoil and propulsion means 13, 14. Alternatively, the hydrofoil may comprise one or more propulsion means. The underwater masts are designated “under water struts” in English terminology.

[0035] Furthermore, the hydrofoil comprises on the deck a reception area 5 which is configured in this example for the storage of goods. Very advantageously this storage area is sized to be able to store a transport container C, for example a 40-foot container, i.e. having a length of 12 m, a width of 2.44 m and a height of 2.59 m. This type of container can transport up to 30 tonnes of goods.

[0036] W denotes the water surface.

[0037] In this example, the hull 2 has a flat bottom, but this is in no way limiting.

[0038] A hydrofoil with a curved bottom does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

[0039] Furthermore, the hydrofoil comprises two floats F1, F2 arranged on either side of the hull 2 relative to the longitudinal axis X. In this example, each float F1, F2 extends over the entire length of the hull 2.

[0040] The hydrofoil also comprises means M1, M2 for moving the floats F1 and F2 relative to the hull 2.

[0041] Since means M1 and M2 are similar, only means M1 will be described in detail.

[0042] The means M1 are configured to allow the float F1 to move from a first position close to the hull 2 to a second position distant from the hull 2. In the first position, the float F1 is advantageously in contact by a flank 28 with a flank 2.1 of the hull 2, so that the upper surface of the float F1 extends the deck. Alternatively, the float F1 is not in contact with the flank 2.1 of the hull even in its first position.

[0043] Very advantageously, the width of the deck is at least as wide as the width of the goods to be transported, for example the container, and the width of the hull at the waterline is narrower. Thus it is possible to produce a barge comprising the hull and the floats relatively narrow, which reduces the overall size of the barge.

[0044] In the example shown and in a particularly advantageous manner, the side 28 of the float F1 opposite the side 2.1 of the hull is shaped to at least partly fit into the side 2.1 of the hull (FIG. 4). In this example, the side 28 has in its upper part a longitudinal recess 30 having a horizontal face and a vertical face. The side 2.1 of the hull has a longitudinal projection 31 of a shape complementary to that of the recess 30. Thus the float F1 is in vertical abutment upwards against the hull, which reduces the stresses on the means M1.

[0045] In the example shown, the means M1 comprise three beams 32, 34, 36 extending along the axis Y1, Y2, Y3 respectively orthogonally to the axis X and connecting the float F1 and the hull 2. Each beam 32, 34, 36 is fixed by a longitudinal end 32.1, 34.1, 36.1 to the float F1 and is connected by a second longitudinal end 32.2, 34.2 36.2 to the hull.

[0046] The beams 32, 34, 36 are slidably mounted in the hull so as to move the float F1 from the first position to the second position and vice versa.

[0047] The means M1 comprise a system for ensuring the sliding of each of the beams along the axes Y1, Y2, Y3. For example, the sliding system is a rack system, a rack being carried by each beam and a pinion being driven by an electric motor meshing with the rack.

[0048] The shell comprises housings of axis Y1, Y2, Y3 in which the beams 32, 34, 36 slide.

[0049] In Figures 4 and 5, we can see the two floats F1, F2 in the second position.

[0050] For example, the floats are spaced 1 meter from the sides of the hull 2.

[0051] Preferably, the beams carrying the second float F2 are offset along the X axis relative to the beams 32, 34, 36 so that there is no collision when the two floats are in their first position (figure 5).

[0052] It will be understood that the number of beams depends on the length of the floats and the section and/or material of the beams. A system with two beams or more than three beams is not outside the scope of the present invention.

[0053] Preferably, the motorized means are arranged in the main hull which has more space. In addition, such an arrangement makes it possible to have a common electrical supply for all the motors. Alternatively, the motors are in the floats F1, F2.

[0054] In Figures 6 and 7, a second particularly advantageous example of a hydrofoil H' can be seen in which means M1', M2' ensure the movement of the floats towards and away from the hull. In this example, the means M1', M2' are of the simple parallelogram articulation type.

[0055] Since the means M1' and M2' are similar, only the means M1' will be described in detail.

[0056] In this example, the means M1' comprise a linkage comprising three connecting arms 38, 40, 42 distributed along the side of the float F1. Each connecting arm is articulated in rotation by a longitudinal end to the side of the float F1 and by a second longitudinal end to the side 2.1 of the hull. The three connecting arms 38, 40, 42 are assembled so as to be permanently parallel or aligned.

[0057] The means M1' also comprise means for rotating the connecting arms. It may be envisaged that a single connecting arm is motorized and forms a master arm, the other connecting arms deploying under the effect of the movement of the master arm. As a variant, two of the three arms, or even all three connecting arms, are motorized.

[0058] Preferably the engine(s) are arranged in the main hull.

[0059] In Figure 6, floats F1 and F2 are in their first position close to the hull. In Figure 7, floats F1 and F2 can be seen in their second position away from the main hull.

[0060] Advantageously, one or more housings are provided in the side of each float and/or in the sides of the main hull allowing the connecting arms to be housed.

[0061] As the floats move from their first position to their second position, they move both in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis and in directions parallel to the X-axis. Thus in the second position, the floats have a position offset along the X-axis relative to the first position.

[0062] The implementation of a single parallelogram linkage is simple and robust, suitable for the transport of goods.

[0063] In this example, buoys are not implemented, but a hydrofoil comprising such buoys does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

[0064] In another embodiment, the means for moving the floats comprise a double parallelogram linkage. The implementation of such a linkage has the advantage of ensuring a movement of the floats only transversely to the X axis without them moving axially.

[0065] For example, the deck has a width of 2.50 m, the hull at the waterline has a width of 2 m and the floats have a width of 1.5 m.

[0066] The first and second underwater masts are arranged substantially on the longitudinal axis X of the hull 2, as can be seen in the bottom view shown in FIG. 1B.

[0067] Each underwater mast equipped with a hydrofoil has the shape of an inverted T. Advantageously, the mast and the hydrofoil are made in one piece, for example in steel.

[0068] The propulsion means 13 and 14 comprise propellers or turbines. In this example, the propellers or turbines are provided at the hydrofoils 8 and 10. Preferably, the propulsion means each comprise one or more electric motors. The electrical energy can be provided by rechargeable electric batteries or by a hydrogen engine. Alternatively, a fossil fuel engine generating mechanical energy drives the propellers.

[0069] The propulsion means are advantageously mounted articulated in rotation on the masts around the vertical direction, so as to maintain an orientation aligned with the longitudinal direction regardless of the orientation of the hydrofoils, so as to be able to ensure propulsion at low speed. In addition, this vertical articulation of the propulsion means also makes it possible to ensure the orientation of the boat.

[0070] Alternatively, the propulsion means may be attached to the end of retractable underwater masts separate from masts 9 and 12.

[0071] The total surface area of the hydrofoils is adapted to be able to provide sufficient lift to the hydrofoil loaded with goods. For example, each hydrofoil 8, 10 has a wingspan of 10 m and a surface area of 13 m<2>. By providing lifting and pivoting hydrofoils so that they align with the axis of the hull, the drag of the boat is significantly reduced at low speed, which makes it possible to further reduce the energy required to move the boat.

[0072] For example, the hull has a width of 4.5 m and a length of 17 m.

[0073] The propulsion means are also configured to be able to move the boat "in flight" with its maximum load. For example, in the case of a 40-foot container that can hold up to 30 tons of goods, and considering that the empty hydrofoil has a mass of 8 to 10 tons, the propulsion means are configured to move a mass of 40 tons.

[0074] For example, the take-off speed is between 13 knots and 15 knots, the cruising speed is between 20 knots and 22 knots, and the top speed is of the order of 25 knots.

[0075] Very advantageously and as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first and second underwater masts equipped with a hydrofoil are retractable, facilitating movement in shallow water.

[0076] A first arrangement 16 is provided on the deck of the boat in line with the first underwater mast 9, and receives the first underwater mast 9 in the retracted or raised position, and a second arrangement 18 is provided on the deck of the boat in line with the second underwater mast 12, and receives the second underwater mast 12 in the retracted or raised position.

[0077] The implementation of two lifting hydrofoils makes it possible to provide a storage area sufficient to receive one or more containers. The first arrangement 16 and the second arrangement 18 are advantageously arranged relative to each other so as to free up a space allowing a 40-foot container or two 20-foot containers to be received.

[0078] In a deployed configuration, when the underwater masts 9 and 12 are submerged, the hydrofoils 8 and 10 extend orthogonally to the longitudinal direction X of the hull 2. Very advantageously, in a retracted configuration when the underwater masts 9 and 12 are housed in their respective arrangement 16, 18, the hydrofoils 8 and 10 extend in the longitudinal direction X of the hull 2.

[0079] When each of the underwater masts is raised, each hydrofoil pivots about the axis of the underwater mast to align with the longitudinal direction X of the hull.

[0080] For example, each underwater mast 9, 12 is guided by a helical shape in its respective arrangement so that when raised, it naturally pivots between the position of the hydrofoil orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and the position of the hydrofoil substantially aligned with the longitudinal direction. It will be understood that the angle of rotation between the lowered position and the raised position may be less than 90°. Thus, in the raised position, the hydrofoils may take any orientation between the orthogonal orientation and the aligned orientation, this orientation nevertheless having a reduction in lateral bulk and drag.

[0081] The rotation and lifting of each of the underwater masts are preferably provided by electric motors.

[0082] Alternatively, the vertical movement of the masts and the rotation of the hydrofoils are successive. For example, in a first step, the masts are lowered and in a second step the hydrofoils are pivoted to take the active position. Advantageously, the rotation of the hydrofoil is triggered automatically after the underwater mast has reached the desired deployed position.

[0083] Preferably, the bottom of the hull is shaped to accommodate the hydrofoil when it is in the retracted position. For example, the bottom of the hull comprises a recess 22 extending along the X axis in which the hydrofoils are accommodated.

[0084] When the hydrofoils are for example aligned with the X direction, they protrude from the bow and the stern. Very advantageously, the hydrofoil comprises anti-collision means to reduce the risks of collision with the hydrofoils at low speed in a position other than the orthogonal position. In the example shown, the anti-collision means comprises a buoy 24 mounted at the end of telescopic rods 26, which deploy when the hydrofoils are aligned with the X direction and protrude from the bow and the stern of the boat (FIG. 1B). Any other means for avoiding contact with the hydrofoils falls within the scope of the present application.

[0085] The hydrofoil comprises an electronic control unit UC1 or central computer and at least one position sensor for the underwater masts. The hydrofoil also comprises all the measuring elements usually fitted to a boat to ensure safe and regulatory navigation. The control unit UC1 is connected to the propulsion means and to the control station. A maneuver by the driver via the cockpit is transmitted to the propulsion means and to the various equipment of the pilot boat by the control unit UC1.

[0086] The means UC1 also advantageously controls the movement of the floats. It is configured to: – at the quayside, prior to loading, position the floats in their second position so as to ensure the balancing of the boat when the container is placed. The position of the floats can be adjusted during loading. Weather conditions can be taken into account. The further the floats are from the X axis of the hull, the more stable the boat is. – From a certain speed, for example of the order of 7 knots and before takeoff, the control unit controls the passage of the floats to their first position in contact with the hull 2.

[0087] The cockpit 4 may be a conventional cockpit with a steering wheel or joysticks. Alternatively, the cockpit 4 comprises a human-machine interface of the screen or touch pad type connected to the control unit UC1, by which the driver gives his driving instructions and chooses his modes.

[0088] In this example, the cockpit 4 is arranged at the bow of the boat and is fixed to the arrangement 16. It is in the form of a cockpit. Very advantageously, the cockpit is mounted so as to slide vertically on the arrangement 16 between a low position (shown in dotted lines) allowing the pilot to easily access the interior of the cockpit, and a high position offering good visibility to the pilot.

[0089] For example, a rack system (not shown) is provided between the cabin and the arrangement 16 and an electric motor ensures the movement of the cockpit.

[0090] A cargo transport system in which the cockpit would be on the deck or at stern level does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

[0091] Preferably, the hydrofoils 8 and 10 are equipped with flaps 20 or articulated control surfaces. In the example shown, each hydrofoil comprises four articulated flaps arranged on either side of the underwater mast, and forming the trailing edge. The control of these flaps makes it possible to manage the rolling and the longitudinal stability. Alternatively, the hydrofoil comprises a flap on each side of the mast or more than two flaps.

[0092] The two underwater masts can be deployed at different depths. Adjusting these two depths allows the longitudinal trim of the boat to be adjusted. Preferably, the roll angle control and the longitudinal trim control are interdependent. This interdependence can be managed by an experienced pilot or automatically using models as is well known in the prior art.

[0093] Preferably, the boat is equipped with means for measuring the height of the boat relative to the surface of the water in flight and means for detecting other vessels, for example these means are of the LIDAR type (Light Detection And Ranging in English terminology) using the principle of laser telemetry.

[0094] The hydrofoil also preferably comprises means for compensating for any off-centering of the goods, for example of the container on the hydrofoil. The means comprise for example a longitudinal attitude sensor for measuring the attitude of the boat and means for compensating for the deviation from a horizontal plane. The compensation means comprise for example at least one longitudinally movable weight which is moved to compensate for the deviation from the horizontal. The weight is for example mounted on a rack, a worm screw or a rail, located in the center under the deck. The weight is for example of the order of a few tons. Alternatively, the compensation is obtained by means of one or more ballasts are implemented. These means are implemented in order to rebalance the center of gravity relative to the center of thrust of the hydrofoils in order to fly in a stable manner.

[0095] An example of the operation of the freight transport system is as follows.

[0096] The hydrofoil is at the quayside, for example in a river port. The first and second underwater masts 9, 12 are in the raised position in the arrangements 16 and 18 and the hydrofoils 8 and 10 are aligned with the axis X of the hydrofoil. Thus the hydrofoils 8, 10 do not protrude laterally from the hull and are arranged as close as possible to the hull, or are even housed in the recess 22 if necessary. Positioning at the quayside is made easier. The risks of interaction with the shallow depth of the seabed are reduced.

[0097] The control unit UC1 positions the floats in their second position away from the main hull.

[0098] A crane loads a container C onto the hydrofoil storage area between the two arrangements 16 and 18. As explained above, the position of the floats can be adjusted according to the roll.

[0099] Means are optionally provided for securing the container to the deck, for example strap systems.

[0100] The plate is measured and corrected if necessary.

[0101] When the container is in place. The pilot begins the maneuvers to leave the port. He starts the propulsion means. The underwater masts remain in the retracted position. The hydrofoil H moves away from the quay at low speed.

[0102] When the hydrofoil is in sufficiently deep water, this information is for example provided to the pilot by means of a sonar fitted to the boat, the pilot increases the speed of movement of the boat. When a sufficient speed is reached, the pilot controls the deployment of the underwater masts. These slide downwards and pivot simultaneously, then allowing the boat to rise above the surface of the water and to "fly above" the water supported by the hydrofoils. Simultaneously the buoys 24 are retracted. The energy consumption required for this movement is significantly reduced compared to conventional waterborne freight transports. The passage of the floats from the second float position is controlled by the control unit UC1.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the deployment of the masts can be controlled automatically as soon as a minimum speed is reached. Similarly, the retraction of the masts can be controlled automatically as soon as the speed of the boat falls below a maximum speed. The deployment of the foils and the folding of the floats are controlled automatically depending in particular on the speed conditions. They can be simultaneous or not.

[0104] When approaching the port of delivery of the container, the pilot reduces the speed of the boat and commands the raising of the underwater masts, which simultaneously causes the rotation of the hydrofoils into the position aligned with the axis of the hull and the deployment of the buoys 24. In this position, the boat can reach the quay without risk of collision between the hydrofoils and the bottom or any other installation. When the boat is moored at the quay, a crane unloads the container. Either another container is loaded onto the boat, for example an empty container, or the boat leaves empty.

[0105] In a very advantageous example shown schematically in FIG. 9, the freight transport system comprises a master or pilot hydrofoil P similar to the hydrofoil H of FIG. 1A, and one or more follower hydrofoils designated by the reference S, thus forming a convoy with a pilot hydrofoil and follower hydrofoils, thus allowing the transport of several containers with a single pilot.

[0106] In the following description, the transport system comprises a single follower hydrofoil. The follower hydrofoil S has a structure relatively close to that of the pilot hydrofoil P. It comprises a hull 102, a first hydrofoil 108 fixed to the end of a first underwater mast 109, a second hydrofoil 110 fixed to the end of a second underwater mast 112, and propulsion means 113, 114. Alternatively, the follower boat may comprise one or more propulsion means. The follower hydrofoil also comprises floats, only float F2 is visible, and means for moving them.

[0107] In the example shown, the propulsion means 113, 114 are provided at the level of the hydrofoils.

[0108] Very advantageously, the underwater masts 109 and 112 equipped with a hydrofoil are retractable, facilitating movement in shallow water and reducing drag at low speed. Arrangements 116 and 118 are provided on the deck of the boat in line with the underwater masts, and receive the underwater masts in the retracted position. A storage area is provided between the two arrangements 116, 118 and is configured, for example, to receive a container. Means for securing goods, for example a container, are advantageously provided at the storage area.

[0109] In this example, the follower hydrofoil S does not have a cockpit.

[0110] As for the hydrofoil H, the pilot hydrofoil P comprises an electronic control unit UC1 or central computer and at least one position sensor for the underwater masts. The pilot hydrofoil P also comprises all the measuring elements usually fitted to a boat to ensure safe and regulatory navigation. The control unit UC1 is connected to the propulsion means and to the control station. A maneuver by the driver via the cockpit is transmitted to the propulsion means and to the various equipment of the pilot boat by the control unit UC1.

[0111] The cockpit is similar to that of the H hydrofoil.

[0112] The tracking hydrofoil comprises a UC2 control unit and the measuring elements usually fitted to a boat to ensure safe navigation.

[0113] The pilot hydrofoil P and the follower hydrofoil S also include satellite geolocation means GP, GS respectively allowing location of a few meters, for example of the order of a few meters.

[0114] The pilot hydrofoil and the follower hydrofoil comprise means of communication between them TCP, TCS. Preferably, these means are short-range communication means implementing a technology called “dedicated short-range communications” or DSRC (Dedicated short-range communication). These communication means are particularly suitable for direct vehicle-to-vehicle or V to V communication (about ten meters). An example of such communication means is described in the document “Vehicle to vehicle data transfer and communication using LI-FI technology”, Anbalagan et al. in materialstoday: PROCEEDINGS, vol. 45, Part7, 2021, pages 5925-5933.

[0115] These means are radiocommunication means which allow very localized communication. Furthermore, they do not disrupt other communication systems.

[0116] The TCP communication means of the pilot hydrofoil P comprise a pilot transmitter and a pilot receiver and the TCS communication means of the follower hydrofoil S comprise a follower transmitter and follower receiver which communicate by teletransmission.

[0117] The pilot transmitter is configured to send information and instructions to the control unit UC2 of the follower hydrofoil via the follower receiver, and the follower transmitter is configured to send information to the control unit UC1 of the pilot hydrofoil via the pilot receiver.

[0118] According to the invention, the transport system is configured so that in a first operating mode, called imitation or clone mode, the follower hydrofoil S reproduces the movement behavior of the pilot hydrofoil P. In this operating mode, it can be provided that the movement of the floats of the pilot hydrofoil and that of the floats of the follower hydrofoil are simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous. The transport system is also configured so that in a second operating mode, called differentiated mode or drone mode, the follower hydrofoil S follows the instructions coming from the cockpit and has a movement behavior different from that of the pilot hydrofoil P. In this mode, the movements of the floats of the two hydrofoils can be decorrelated.

[0119] In the imitation mode, the control unit UC1 sends to the control unit UC2 via the pilot transmitter and the follower receiver the trajectory of the pilot hydrofoil which processes this information and calculates the trajectory of the follower hydrofoil. Preferably, the sending is done directly between the pilot transmitter and the follower receiver, i.e. in V to V, which makes it possible to have a shortened exchange time, increased responsiveness and to increase the transmission security. Alternatively, the transmission can be done via a third-party device, for example via a local server or a remote cloud. This variant is conceivable in areas offering good coverage of the Internet network. In addition, the use of the cloud can be provided for the processing of all or part of certain tasks to the extent that the communication time is acceptable and the communication security is ensured.

[0120] This trajectory is for example obtained by satellite geolocation means. The control unit UC2 controls all the means participating in the movement of the follower hydrofoil, such as the propulsion means and the hydrofoils, so that they reproduce the trajectory of the pilot hydrofoil while maintaining a distance between the pilot hydrofoil and the follower hydrofoil. The distance is chosen so as to ensure the safety of the boats and according to the maximum communication distance between the boats.

[0121] Furthermore, this distance may vary depending on weather conditions. In the event of heavy swell, it may be necessary to increase this distance.

[0122] The accuracy of satellite geolocation is sufficient to manage the distance between boats. Indeed, it is not required to strictly maintain this distance, it can possibly vary by a few meters. A safety margin is then provided to avoid any risk of collision.

[0123] Using satellite geolocation to maintain the distance between boats means that there is no need to implement sensors between boats, which is all the more advantageous since such sensors are very difficult to implement in a marine environment.

[0124] Communication between the pilot boat and the follower boat is carried out, for example, in the following manner.

[0125] The pilot transmitter sends a frame of information to the follower receiver at a certain frequency, for example one to several tens of times per second.

[0126] The information contained in the frame is for example at least the direction of the pilot boat, the speed of the pilot boat, and possibly the location of the pilot boat. Advantageously the state of the hydrofoils is also transmitted, i.e. a deployed state or a retracted state.

[0127] Preferably, the information on speed and direction is for example obtained by geolocation means. Alternatively, this information is obtained by means on board the pilot boat.

[0128] When the follower receiver receives this information, the follower transmitter sends an acknowledgement confirming the receipt and acknowledgement of this information.

[0129] The control unit UC2 uses this information as well as the geolocation data of the follower boat and deduces therefrom the movement characteristics of the follower boat, so that it reproduces the same trajectory while maintaining a certain distance. It should be noted that the instructions sent to the propulsion means 113 take into account the mass of the follower boat and other characteristics of the follower boat which affect the movement of the follower boat.

[0130] This loop communication continues throughout the movement in imitation mode.

[0131] The information frame also allows a transfer of information from the follower boat to the pilot boat, such as damage, information on navigation conditions, for example an increase in swell. Thus the control unit UC1 knows at all times the state and navigation conditions of the follower boat.

[0132] Other information may be sent to the following boat, for example the switching on of the traffic lights. This information is then processed by the control unit UC2 as needing to be reproduced.

[0133] It should be noted that, preferably, the stability of the follower boat is managed automatically by the equipment on board the follower boat, so the driver of the pilot boat does not have to manage it, especially since he is at a distance from the pilot boat.

[0134] This mode of direct communication between the two boats offers robust and secure operation.

[0135] Nevertheless, preferably, computer security means, also called cybersecurity means, may be provided to increase the operational security of the transport system by securing communications between the two boats and preventing any intrusion by a third party into their on-board electronic architectures.

[0136] The imitation may be partial. In certain situations, it is desired that the behavior of the pilot boat is not reproduced identically. For example, the driver decides that the follow boat must not or cannot imitate the pilot boat, for example he considers that its load is too great and that it cannot deploy its hydrofoils, in this case he sends an instruction to the control unit UC2 not to deploy the hydrofoils. Thus when the pilot boat moves at a speed sufficient to move on the hydrofoils, the follow boat reproduces the trajectory of the pilot boat and possibly other behaviors of the pilot boat but moves on its hull. In this configuration, the follow boat sends a signal to the pilot boat as soon as the distance between the two boats exceeds a limit value, the follow boat then reduces its speed to reduce the distance.

[0137] The differentiated mode will now be described.

[0138] According to the invention, the follower boat can be controlled directly by the pilot boat, for example by the driver of the pilot boat so that the follower boat has a movement distinct from that of the pilot boat, for example when docking.

[0139] Indeed, when the pilot boat docks at a quay, it stops, the follow boat then comes to a stop behind the pilot boat at a certain determined distance. In order to also be able to dock the follow boat, it can be commanded to perform a docking maneuver while the pilot boat is immobilized. In addition, the docking will take place at a location separate from that of the pilot boat. For this, the driver via the human-machine interface “takes control” and directly sends specific instructions to the control unit UC2 of the follow boat so that the follow boat performs particular maneuvers. In other words, the follow boat is remotely controlled by the driver. These commands can be transmitted via short-range communication means.

[0140] This instruction to the following boat can be sent manually by the driver or automatically by the control unit UC1.

[0141] As a further variant, a message is sent to the driver via the human-machine interface which decides whether or not to command the control unit UC2 to prohibit the deployment of the hydrofoils.

[0142] This type of instruction can take into account several parameters, the mass of the goods, weather conditions such as wind speed, wave height, etc.

[0143] Advantageously, in the imitation mode it is provided that the follower boat cannot overtake the pilot boat. Thus, means are implemented so that the follower boat is permanently kept behind the pilot boat unless a maneuver at the dock requires it.

[0144] Preferably all information relating to the navigation of the follower boat is displayed or at least accessible on the human-machine interface of the pilot boat so that the driver has complete knowledge of the situation of the follower boat. For example, provision may be made to display the relative arrangement of the two boats, for example a representation of a top view representing the follower boat and the pilot boat or any other visualization that could be obtained with or without the aid of vision by cameras on board the follower boat.

[0145] An example of movement of the transport system will now be described.

[0146] The transport system is for example used to transport containers between a first river port and a second river port.

[0147] The pilot boat and the follower boat are at the quay at the first port. The hydrofoils are in the raised position and the floats in their second position away from the hull.

[0148] A crane loads a container onto the pilot boat and a container onto the follower boat S. The trim for each of the boats is measured and corrected if necessary. The other conditions are checked, and it is considered that these are such that the hydrofoils of each of the boats can be deployed. The location of the follower boat for loading the container can be far from that of the pilot boat. The positioning at this location could have been controlled by the driver of the pilot boat in differentiated mode.

[0149] The freight transport system is ready to move to the second river port.

[0150] The imitation mode is activated either by the driver or automatically. If the location of the follower boat is far from that of the pilot boat, it can be arranged that the latter automatically joins the pilot boat.

[0151] The driver starts the propulsion means of the pilot boat which begins to move forward. By imitation, the control unit activates the propulsion means and begins to move. The start of the movement of the following boat can take place after the start of the movement of the pilot boat in order to provide the required safety distance.

[0152] When the depth of the bottom is sufficient, the driver deploys the hydrofoils of the pilot boat as well as the buoys. The information is sent to the control unit UC2 of the follower boat which by imitation orders the deployment of the hydrofoils of the follower boat and the buoys.

[0153] When the speed of the pilot boat is sufficient, the hull lifts and the pilot boat switches to "flight mode". The follower boat imitates the same behavior. Each boat manages its stability autonomously. The floats are moved to their first position close to the hull.

[0154] The two boats move in convoy and the follower boat follows the trajectory of the pilot boat. At any time, the driver manually, possibly following a warning sent to the control unit UC1, or the control unit UC1 automatically, can send an instruction to the follower boat so that it modifies its behavior according to external events. The cases of automatic interventions of the control unit UC1 are pre-recorded in the memory of the control unit UC1.

[0155] When the convoy approaches the second river port, the speed is lowered, the masts are retracted and the hydrofoils are aligned with the longitudinal direction and the buoys are deployed. The floats are moved away from the hull. The pilot boat P positions itself parallel to the quay and stops and the follower boat also stops parallel to the quay. The driver can switch to differentiated mode if necessary. To do this, he takes control of the follower boat. The driver, for example using the human-machine interface, controls the movement of the follower boat, for example in order to position the follower boat very close to the pilot boat without taking into account the distance set during the movements. When moving in differentiated mode, the driver has the follower boat in view.

[0156] It should be noted that communication between the follower boat and the pilot boat is permanent, i.e. even when both boats are stationary, and at least as long as the boats are electrically powered.

[0157] A transport system comprising more than one follower boat does not depart from the scope of the present invention. In this case, the control station is configured to allow the selection of the follower boat(s) to which the differentiated mode is to be applied.

[0158] In the examples described, each hydrofoil carries one container, it will be understood that each hydrofoil can carry several containers of smaller size. Furthermore, the hydrofoil can carry goods which are not stored in one or more containers but in the form of boxes which are secured on the deck, for example by means of a net or any other means.

[0159] The present invention provides an alternative to prior art maritime and river transport systems, which alternative is both energy efficient and faster. In addition, it can be relatively quiet.

[0160] Alternatively, a ballast system is implemented to ensure the stability of the barge.

[0161] In one variant, the barge comprises mobile floats according to the invention and a single foil, or even no foil.

[0162] A hydrofoil having a plurality of floats on each side of the hull is not outside the scope of the present invention. A hydrofoil in which the floats do not extend the entire length of the hull is not outside the scope of the present invention.

[0163] In the examples described, the floats move from one position to the other simultaneously. A hydrofoil in which the movement of one of the floats precedes the movement of the other float also does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

[0164] Thanks to the invention, the stability during loading of the barges is significantly increased without having to significantly increase the width of the barges, which reduces their bulk, particularly during storage.

[0165] The floats can be controlled separately from each other. It is conceivable that only one of the floats is deployed.

[0166] It is also conceivable that the floats remain deployed in flight.

[0167] In an exemplary embodiment, the floats may be at least partially filled with water when deployed and emptied when brought closer to the hull, forming ballast tanks. Pumps are then provided to fill and empty the floats.

[0168] The hydrofoil may include at least one gyroscopic stabilizer, which contributes to the stability of the hydrofoil in flight.

[0169] In a particularly advantageous manner, the boat comprises emergency means ensuring the deployment of the floats in the event of a malfunction of the main energy source. For example, if the electrical energy source is out of service, the propulsion means of the boat stop causing the boat to land on water, the emergency means, for example pneumatic, are then triggered causing the deployment of the floats in place of the electric motors.

Claims (10)

1. Hydrofoil transport system comprising at least one hydrofoil comprising a hull extending in a longitudinal direction (X), a deck, propulsion means, said hydrofoil also comprising at its bow a first underwater mast (9) located in the longitudinal direction (X) and at its stern a second underwater mast (12) located in the longitudinal direction (X), the first underwater mast (9) comprising at one end intended to be submerged a first hydrofoil (8), the second underwater mast (12) comprising at one end intended to be submerged a second hydrofoil (10), each hydrofoil (8, 10) being connected to said underwater mast (9, 12) at a central zone, each hydrofoil (8, 10) being intended to take at least two positions, a first position in which the hydrofoil (8, 10) has an orientation orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (X), and a second position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation different from the orthogonal orientation, wherein said deck comprises a receiving zone (5), for example of at least one container, and wherein said hydrofoil comprises on either side of the hull (2) at least one float (F1, F2) extending parallel to the longitudinal direction (X) and movement means (M1, M2) configured to move each of the floats (F1, F2) from a first position close to the hull to a second position distant from the hull. 2. Transport system according to claim 1, in which the displacement means are of the simple parallelogram type. 3. Transport system according to claim 2, in which the displacement means comprise at least two connecting arms connecting one of the floats to the hull and two connecting arms connecting the other float to the hull, each connecting arm being articulated in rotation on a float and on the hull. 4. Transport system according to claim 1, in which the displacement means comprise beams fixed by one longitudinal end to a float and slidably mounted in the hull by their other end, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. 5. Transport system according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the displacement means are motorized and are controlled to return the floats to the second position from a minimum speed of the hydrofoil. 6. Transport system according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which in the first position each float is in contact with a side of the hull so as to extend the deck. 7. Transport system according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each hydrofoil (8, 10) in the second position is substantially aligned with the longitudinal direction (X). 8. Transport system according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each of the underwater masts (9, 12) is configured so that in the first position the hydrofoil (8, 10) is distant from the hull (2), and so that in the second position the hydrofoil (8, 10) is close to the hull (2). 9. Transport system according to claim 8, comprising on the deck a first arrangement (16) in line with the first underwater mast (9) for receiving the first underwater mast (9) when the first hydrofoil (8) is in a second position, and a second arrangement (18) in line with the second underwater mast (12) for receiving the second underwater mast (12) when the second hydrofoil (10) is in a second position, and in which the reception zone is located between the two arrangements. 10. Transport system according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the hydrofoil (P) is called a pilot hydrofoil, said system comprising at least one other hydrofoil, called a follower hydrofoil, said follower hydrofoil comprising a hull extending in a longitudinal direction (X), a deck, propulsion means, said hydrofoil also comprising at its bow a first underwater mast located on the longitudinal axis (X) and at its stern a second underwater mast located on the longitudinal axis (X), each underwater mast comprising at one end intended to be submerged a hydrofoil, said hydrofoil being connected to said underwater mast at a central zone, each hydrofoil being intended to take at least two positions a first position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and a second position in which the hydrofoil has an orientation different from the orthogonal orientation, in which said deck comprises a zone of storage, in which said follower hydrofoil also comprises on either side of the hull (2) at least one float (F1, F2) extending parallel to the longitudinal direction (X) and displacement means (M1, M2) configured to move each of the floats (F1, F2) from a first position close to the hull to a second position remote from the hull, in which the transport system also comprises communication means (TCP, TCS) allowing an exchange of information between the pilot hydrofoil (P) and the follower hydrofoil (S), said communication means advantageously being dedicated short-range communication means configured to ensure a direct exchange of information between the pilot hydrofoil and the follower hydrofoil, in which the pilot hydrofoil (P) comprises a control unit (UC1) and geolocation means (GP), in which the follower hydrofoil (S) comprises a control unit (UC2) and geolocation means (GP), geolocation (GS), said transport system being configured to operate at least according to an imitation mode in which the pilot hydrofoil (P) is controlled by a driver and the follower hydrofoil (S) reproduces the movement behavior of the pilot hydrofoil, and according to a differentiated mode in which the movement behavior of the follower hydrofoil (S) is controlled by the pilot hydrofoil (P).