CH713800B1 - Watchmaking mechanism comprising an anchor escapement mechanism and an oscillating regulator. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a watch mechanism comprising an anchor escapement mechanism (1) and an oscillating regulating member (4), such as a sprung balance, said anchor escapement mechanism (1) comprising an escapement mobile ( 2), an anchor (3) and an ankle (5) secured to the regulating member (4) oscillating. This watch mechanism is equipped with an anti-overturning device comprising a first and a second curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) arranged either on the horns (33, 34) of the fork of the anchor (3), or on the regulator (4). Lugs (8, 9) are respectively arranged either on the regulating member (4) or on the horns (33, 34). A follower member respectively constituted either by the ankle (5) or by the lugs (8, 9) thus faces one of the bearing surfaces (6, 7) of the anti-overturning device during the resting phases of the anchor. (3). The invention also relates to such a regulating member (4) and such an anchor (3), as well as a timepiece comprising such a watch mechanism.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to the field of watchmaking. It relates more particularly to a watch mechanism comprising a micro-pulse lever escapement mechanism and a regulating member, said watch mechanism being provided with an anti-overturning safety device.

[0002] The invention also relates to a regulating member and an anchor adapted to cooperate with such a clock mechanism as well as a timepiece comprising such a clock mechanism.

State of the art

[0003] Anchor escapements most certainly constitute the most common category of escapements in mechanical clockwork mechanisms, at least in the class of so-called free escapements. Associated with a regulating member, typically of the pendulum or sprung balance type, an anchor escapement makes it possible to maintain the oscillations of said regulator member by transmitting to it by regular pulses, at a determined frequency, a fraction of the mechanical energy of the source of mechanical energy for a said watch mechanism, usually comprising at least one barrel spring. At the same time, the escapement also makes it possible to count the oscillations of the regulator member and hence to count the time.

Very many variations of lever escapements have been proposed in the state of the art and are well known to those skilled in the art in the field of watchmaking. Their limitations, just as well known, are mainly a propensity to disturb the isochronism of the oscillations of the regulating organ due to the successive shocks and friction between the anchor and the regulating organ on the one hand thus the anchor and the mobile exhaust on the other hand, as well as low mechanical efficiency, mainly for the same reasons. In fact, it is usually considered that an anchor escapement only transmits to the regulator the 30% of the driving force that it receives from the driving source.

[0005] However, other limitations also exist, and in particular the reliability of operation, at very high frequencies of oscillations and very low amplitudes of the regulator member. In fact, the lower the amplitude of oscillation of the regulator, the more the total lift angle of the balance must be reduced to ensure good transmission of the impulses (micro-impulses) as well as the release of the anchor and the more the sensitivity to shocks of said exhaust increases and becomes critical to control in order to avoid any arching and / or overturning. However, it is also accepted that a reduced lifting angle of the balance makes it possible to improve the isochronism of a watch mechanism. It is therefore desirable to seek to minimize this angle of lift of the balance.

Robin anchor mechanisms have the advantage of better performance than Swiss lever escapement mechanisms. However, the lifting angle of the Robin anchor is very small (of the order of 5 °) compared to conventional Swiss anchors (of the order of 30 °), which makes the usual securing solution for these devices inapplicable. last by dart and plateau. For this, alternative solutions have been proposed in documents EP 1122617B1 and EP 2444860A1 or EP 2407830B1. These Robin escape mechanisms and associated securing devices are however difficult to implement.

When the regulating member is not of the spring-balance type, securing the above-mentioned risks of bracing and overturning is regularly even more difficult, in particular due to the fact of the inapplicability of the usual securing devices for Swiss lever escapements or Robin lever escapements.

The object of the present invention is to provide a horological mechanism comprising a novel micro-pulse lever escapement, suitable for high oscillation frequencies of a regulator member, in particular at frequencies greater than 36000 vibrations per hour (or 5Hz), which does not suffer from the limitations of known anchor escapements.

[0009] Another object of the invention is to provide a watch mechanism comprising an escapement which is perfectly secure against shocks and the risks of induced stoppage of the regulating member, even in the event of micro-pulses.

Another object of the invention also relates to the proposal of a regulating member adapted to operate with such a clock mechanism, as well as a timepiece comprising such a clock mechanism.

Disclosure of the invention

According to a first object, the present invention thus provides a watch mechanism comprising an anchor escapement mechanism and an oscillating regulator member, said anchor escapement mechanism comprising: an escape wheel mobile in rotation about a first axis of rotation and provided with a series of peripheral teeth, and an anchor movable in rotation about a second axis of rotation parallel to the first, said anchor comprising a first and a second arm capable of alternately engaging a tooth of the escape wheel set on each rotation of the escape wheel set and of the anchor around their respective axis of rotation and a fork formed by two horns extending in opposite directions to the first and second arms, and a pin adapted to be secured to the oscillating regulator member to cooperate with each half-oscillation of said regulator member with the fork of the anchor in order to at least partially disengage said anchor from the escape wheel set.

[0012] In order to secure the escapement mechanism, the watch mechanism typically comprises an anti-overturning device comprising a first and a second curved bearing capable of being arranged on the horns of the fork or on the regulating member and at the at least one follower member capable of being arranged on the regulating member or on the horns of the fork respectively, the bearing surfaces and said at least one follower member being arranged such that said at least one follower member is located, during the phases of rest of the anchor, that is to say outside the impulse and release phases, facing one of the staves.

The watch mechanism of the invention and its anti-overturning safety device are advantageously configured to have maximum operating safety, with a structure as common as possible with conventional anchor escapement mechanisms, in order to to simplify the cost and the use in a large number of watch movements.

Optimal securing of the inventive mechanism comes from the provision of an anti-overturning device comprising curved staves and at least one follower member on the anchor and the regulator member respectively, or vice versa, these being such that , in a usual mode of operation of the escapement mechanism corresponding to the normal operation of a watch movement comprising it, said at least one follower member is located opposite one of the staves during the rest phases of the anchor. Thus, over the entire course of the regulator member, one of the spans and said at least one follower member are located face to face with each other, even during the course of the additional arc of the regulator member, this which guarantees in the event of shocks that the follower member impacts the curved bearing surface before overturning of the anchor on the one hand, and moreover, by the curving of the bearing surface, prevents overbearing. This very simple configuration thus achieves optimum securing of the escape mechanism against impacts and overturning, even for high frequencies of the regulator with low lift angles.

According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the escapement mechanism comprises means for damping the contact of the ankle with the fork of the anchor, said damping means being arranged on the anchor and the regulating member for producing a lever arm capable of initiating the release of the anchor before or simultaneously in contact with the ankle with the anchor.

In addition, these damping means are also advantageously arranged so as to absorb the impact of the anchor on the usual pins for limiting the travel of the anchor and thus to recover part of the energy of the anchor. impulse to transmit it to the regulatory organ.

This configuration advantageously makes it possible to reduce the operating disturbances of the mechanism due to the usual operating shocks of the anchor mechanisms, and thus to improve the isochronism of watch movements comprising such a mechanism.

According to a particular embodiment, the curved staves are convex sectors capable of being arranged integrally on the regulating member and lugs arranged integrally at the free ends of the horns of the fork constitute a first and a second called follower members.

Advantageously, the convex sectors have a radius of curvature of at least 4 millimeters.

Preferably, said at least one follower member extends in vertical directions parallel to the axis of rotation of the anchor and in opposite directions at the ends of said horns.

Again advantageously, the curved staves are arranged in two superimposed parallel planes and the lugs are arranged to be each secant to one of said planes containing one of the curved staves.

In this embodiment, the pin is then preferably fixed between said curved staves and extends perpendicularly to the planes containing them.

In another embodiment, the curved staves are arranged on the horns of the fork and the at least one follower member is constituted by the pin arranged on the regulator member.

Preferably in this embodiment the curved staves are formed on a concave internal field of the horns of the fork and are symmetrical with respect to an insertion notch of the ankle arranged in the anchor at the base of said horns.

According to particular variants, the curved staves have a variable or constant radius of curvature over the entire length of the horns, said staves being identical. Preferably, the curved staves have a radius of curvature of at least 4 millimeters.

[0026] In addition, the escape mechanism preferably comprises lugs arranged on the regulating member at an equal distance from the ankle.

More preferably, said curved bearing surfaces extend in the same plane and said lugs extend in directions perpendicular and secant to this plane.

A second object of the present invention further relates to the proposal of a regulator member for a timepiece adapted to the watch mechanism described above.

In an embodiment adapted to the first embodiment of the horological mechanism, said regulator member advantageously comprises a first and a second convex sectors extending in two distinct parallel planes, said first and second convex sectors being connected to one another. to the other by an anchor fixed between the curved sections of each of said sectors.

In an embodiment adapted to the second embodiment of the watch mechanism, said regulating member then comprises an arm carrying a pin fixed on said arm and two lugs fixed on said arm at an equal distance from said pin, said lugs and said lugs ankle extending in the same direction in parallel directions perpendicular to a plane containing said arm.

[0031] A third object of the invention also relates to the procuration of a timepiece anchor adjusted for the different embodiments of the watch mechanism of the invention.

According to a first embodiment, such an anchor comprises a first and a second arm and a fork formed of two horns extending in opposite directions to the first and second arm, said horns comprising at their free end a lug s 'extending in a direction perpendicular to a plane containing said horns.

In this embodiment, it is then advantageous in terms of compactness and reliability of operation of the escapement that said lugs extend, in opposite directions, at the ends of said horns.

According to a second embodiment, the anchor may comprise a first and a second arm and a fork formed of two horns extending in directions opposite to the first and second arm, characterized in that it comprises a first and a second concave bearing surfaces formed face to face respectively on an internal field of said horns. These concave bearing surfaces then form sliding planes of lugs arranged on a regulating member so as to prevent any overturning.

A final object of the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a watch mechanism comprising an escapement mechanism and a regulating member as described above.

Brief description of the drawings

Other details of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description, made with reference to the appended drawing in which: FIGS. 1 to 8 represent a first variant embodiment of an escapement mechanism and of a regulator member according to the present invention in different relative positions during a half-oscillation of the oscillator member around its pivot axis. ; Figure 9 shows an isometric view of the escape mechanism and the regulator shown in Figures 1 to 8; FIGS. 10 to 19 represent a second variant embodiment of an escapement mechanism and of a regulator member according to the present invention in different relative positions during a half-oscillation of the oscillator member about its pivot axis.

Modes of Carrying Out the Invention

The present invention provides a novel anchor escapement mechanism substantially similar to Swiss anchor mechanisms. However, the escape mechanism of the invention is adapted to operate with micro-pulses, that is to say very low lift angles compatible with regulator oscillation frequencies greater than 36,000 vibrations / hour, and having a safety device to the reversal devoid of stinger as proposed in the classic Swiss lever escapement mechanisms.

Figures 1 to 9 show a first alternative embodiment of the escape mechanism 1 of the invention.

According to this first embodiment, the exhaust mechanism 1 of the invention conventionally comprises an exhaust mobile 2composed of an escapement wheel 21 coaxially driven on an exhaust pinion 22, mounted to rotate around it. 'an axis A1 on the plate, not shown. The escapement mechanism 1 also comprises an anchor 3 mounted to rotate freely around an axis A2, parallel to the axis A1 of the escapement mobile 2, on the plate of the watch movement. Said anchor 3 comprises a pair of arms 31, 32 forming an entry lift and an exit lift and a pair of horns 33, 34 defining a fork on either side of a notch 35 disposed substantially at the point of intersection of the horns 33 , 34 of the fork in a secant direction of the axis A2 forming substantially bisector of the angle defined between the two horns 33, 34. The anchor 3 and the escape wheel 2 are arranged relative to each other on the plate of the watch movement so that the arms 31, 32 cooperate alternately with a tooth 21d of the escape wheel 21 on each rotation of the anchor 3 around its axis A2, the travel of the anchor 3 being limited by pins 10 driven on the plate to engage an internal field of each of the arms 31, 32.

The pinion 22du mobile exhaust 2 is also arranged, again in a conventional manner, engaged with a mobile R of the finishing gear of the watch movement in order to transmit through the clearance of the escape wheel 21 and the 3a fraction of energy from the energy source of the watch movement anchors to a 4oscillating regulator member, in particular a sprung balance or the like, in order to maintain the oscillations. This maintenance of the oscillations of the regulator member 4 results from the punctual interaction of said regulator member 4 with the anchor 3, and more particularly of a pin 5 integral with the regulator member 4 with the notch 35 of the anchor 3.

The escapement mechanism 1 of the invention presents an original and characteristic way of an anti-overturning safety device of the anchor devoid of the stinger as conventionally known in Swiss lever escapements, but ensuring very high safety and reliability of operation, in particular at high frequencies of oscillations of the regulator member 4, greater than 36000 alternations / hour.

In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 9, the anti-overturning device of the exhaust mechanism 1 of the invention comprises a first and a second curved bearing surfaces 6, 7 formed by convex sectors 41, 42 arranged on the regulator member 4 , mounted to move in rotation, by any means known to the watchmaker, about an axis A3 parallel to the axes A1, A2, in two superimposed parallel planes P1, P2 (FIG. 9).

Each convex sector 41, 42 has a curved end section 41a, 42a, such as serge portions of a conventional balance, of which a free field 41b, 42b forms said curved bearing surfaces 6, 7, of which the radius of curvature is preferably at least 4mm.

Said curved portions 41a, 42a furthermore extend in the opposite direction of a mass portion 41m, 42m of the regulating member 4et are interconnected by the pin 5 driven into orifices formed in the curved portions 41a, 42a for this purpose, said pin 5 extending in a direction perpendicular to the planes P1, P2 of the convex sectors 41, 42, thus separated by a distance d of the order of 0.1 to 3 mm maximum. This distance d is also provided at the level of the mass parts 41m, 42m of the regulating member 4 preferably, for example by the set of spacers or, preferably, of a mass of a heavy material compared to the convex sectors 41, 42, which makes it possible to produce them in a non-metallic material if necessary. In this way, the regulator member 4 is given sufficient inertia to maintain free oscillations at a determined frequency around the axis A3.

The anti-overturning device also comprises a first and a second follower members formed by lugs 8, 9 arranged at the free ends of the horns 33, 34 of the fork of the anchor 3. These lugs 8, 9 extend in opposite directions in vertical directions parallel to secant to the planes P1, P2. Thus, each said lug 8, 9 is arranged vis-à-vis the regulating member 4 such that one of said lugs 8, 9 of the anchor 3 is located opposite one of the spans 6, 7 of the sectors 41, 42 of the 'regulator member 4 during the resting phases of the anchor, that is to say outside the phases of lifting and disengaging the anchor 3, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, which represent the operating kinematics of the mechanism exhaust 1 of the invention in its first embodiment on an alternation of the regulator member 4 around its axis A3.

Figure 1 shows the escape mechanism 1 in a first position, in which the anchor 3 is in abutment by its arm 31 against a first pin 10 and the regulator 4 in an extreme high position with reference to the figure, at the end of stroke of its additional angle on an alternation around the axis A3. In this position, the lug 8 at the end of the horn 33 is located opposite one end of the convex bearing surface 7 of the lower sector 42 of the regulating member 4. Thus it is well understood that a reversal of the anchor 3 is impossible in the event of rotation of the device. the latter around its axis A1 in the event of an impact on the mechanism 1 due to the counter-support provided by the bearing surface 7 of the regulating member 4 on the lug 8.

During the rotation of the regulator member 4 in the counterclockwise direction shown by the arrow in Figures 2 to 7, the contactless contact bearing the lug 8 on the horn 33 until the sector 41 comes into contact with its branch side 41c against the lug 9de the horn 34, thus initiating the release of the anchor 3simultaneously at the entry of the ankle 5 in the notch 35de the anchor 3 (Figure 2). The contact of the side branch 41c on the lug 9 before the entry of the ankle 5 in the notch 35 of the anchor provides a significant advantage to the escape mechanism 1 of the invention. In fact, this contact makes it possible to absorb the shock of the regulating member 4 at the anchor 3 and, by the large lever arm existing between the lug 9 and the axis A2 of the anchor 3, produces a release pulse reducing energy. impact of the ankle 5 necessary for the complete release of the anchor 3. This damping of the impact of the regulating member 4 at the anchor 3 makes it possible to reduce the disturbances of the escapement and to significantly improve the isochronism of the watch movement. comprising.

The pin 5entraine then the complete release of the anchor 3 by pushing into the notch 35et rotation of the anchor 3dans the clockwise (Figure 3).

In the equilibrium position of the regulator member 4, shown in Figure 4, the pin 5 is then fully inserted into the notch 35 of the anchor 3, which is then completely released from the escape wheel 21, which rotates freely by one step under the action of the gear train R meshing the exhaust pinion 22. At the same time, the regulator member has no contact with the lugs 8, 9 of the horns of the anchor 3 and can therefore continue its rotation , pushing the anchor 3 into abutment against the second pin 10 (Figures 5 and 6). In this position, a tooth 21d of the escape wheel comes to a stop against a stop plane of the arm 32 of the anchor 3, while the regulator 4 is released from the anchor 3 and continues its rotation counterclockwise on its additional arc, the lug 9sur the horn 34se being substantially tangent, without contact however, the scope 6du sector 41 (Figure 7).

When the regulator member 4 reaches the end of the alternation stroke (Figures 8), the lug 9 of the horn 34 of the anchor 3 is then still in a quasi-tangent position, without contact, within the reach 6 of the arc 41of the member, which again ensures the securing of the escape mechanism 1 against a reversal of the anchor 3 in the event of an impact on the timepiece comprising it in this second extreme position. The safety device of the escape mechanism 1, composed of the convex bearing surfaces 6, 7 and of the lugs 8, 9 essentially ensures the guiding of the regulating member 4 in all its positions vis-à-vis the anchor 3 in such a way while preventing overturning and bracing of the anchor 3 on the regulating member 4, in particular by the convex character of the bearing surfaces 6, 7 which makes it possible to guarantee the absence of overturning even in a micro-pulse exhaust configuration, with very low lift angles and high regulator oscillation frequencies 4, greater than 36,000 vibrations / hour.

The operation of the escape mechanism on the alternation back to the position of Figure 1 is then strictly similar but in reverse to what has been described above with reference to Figures 1 to 8.

A second variant embodiment of the escapement mechanism 1 of the invention is shown in Figures 10 to 19. In this second variant, the relative positioning of the curved surfaces 6, 7 and of the lugs 8, 9, are reversed with respect to the mode. embodiment of Figures 1 to 9.

Thus in this second embodiment the curved staves 6,7 are formed face to face on an internal field of the horns 33, 34 of the fork of the anchor 3, on either side of the notch 35 of the anchor 3. The lugs 8, 9 are for their part arranged on the regulating member 4, which allows, among other things, to simplify the structure of the regulating member 4, which may in this case be essentially planar, that is to say. say present a substantially one-piece body of a single level as opposed to the structure with two superposed sectors 41, 42 of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 9.

Finally, the guiding of the regulator member 4 vis-à-vis the anchor 3, this time essentially results from the cooperation of the pin 5, thereby forming a single follower member on the staves 6, 7 (FIGS. 10 and 17-19), the lugs 8, 9 taking part in the initial training of release of the anchor 3 on each alternation of the regulating member 4 against the curved surfaces 6, 7 (figures 11-12) in the same way as the side branches 41c of sectors 41, 42dans the first embodiment. The complete release conventionally results from the passage of the pin 5 in the notch 35 of the anchor 3 during the travel of the angle of lift of the regulating member 4, as shown in Figures 12 to 16.

As emerges from Figures 10 to 19, only the anchor 3 and the regulating member 4 differ structurally, in this second embodiment, from the escape mechanism 1 of Figures 1 to 9. The anchor 3 differs essentially by its fork formed of horns 33, 34sensibly triangular or pointed, which extend symmetrically on either side of the notch 35, with the internal fields of said horns 33, 34 which define the curved staves 6, 7, in this case concave, of the anti-overturning safety device of the escape mechanism of the invention. These curved spans 6, 7 are strictly identical and may have a constant or variable radius of curvature over their entire length, this radius of curvature preferably being at least 4 millimeters.

Furthermore, the regulating member 4 is for its part made up of a rear mass sector 43m opposite which extends an arm 43 extending in a single plane and carrying at its free end the ankle 5 and on side branches 43b a lug 8, 9, the ankle 5 and the lugs 8, 9 projecting on the arm 43perpendicular to the plane containing the latter.

The kinematics of operation of the exhaust mechanism 1de the invention in its second embodiment on an alternation of the regulator member 4 around its axis A3ressort of Figures 10 to 19.

FIG. 10 represents the escape mechanism 1 in a first position, in which the anchor 3 is in abutment by its arm 31 against a first pin 10 and the regulator member 4 in an extreme high position with reference to the figure, at the end of stroke of its additional angle on an alternation around the axis A3. In this position, the ankle 5 at the end of the arm 43 of the regulating member 4 faces the concave bearing surface 6 on the horn 33 of the anchor 3. Thus it is well understood that a reversal of the anchor 3 is impossible in the event of rotation of the anchor. - here around its axis A1 in the event of an impact suffered by the mechanism 1 due to the counter-bearing of the bearing surface 6 of the regulating member 7 on the ankle 5.

During the rotation of the regulator member 4 in the counterclockwise direction, the pin 5 of the latter describes a path parallel to the scope 6 on the horn 33 of the anchor 3 until the contact of the lug 9 on a lateral branch 43b of the arm 43 against the concave bearing surface 7 of the horn 34, thus initiating the release of the anchor 3 little substantially simultaneously or just before the entry of the ankle 5 in the notch 35 of the anchor 3 (FIG. 11).

The contact of the lug 9avec the scope 7de the horn 34 before the entry of the pin 5 in the notch 35de the anchor provides a significant advantage to the escape mechanism 1de the invention. In fact, this contact makes it possible to absorb the shock of the regulating member 4 at the anchor 3 and, by the large lever arm existing between the lug 9 and the axis A2 of the anchor 3, produces a release pulse reducing energy. impact of the ankle 5 necessary for the complete release of the anchor 3. This damping of the impact of the regulating member 4 at the anchor 3 makes it possible to reduce the disturbances of the escapement and to significantly improve the isochronism of the watch movement. comprising.

The ankle 5 then penetrates completely into the notch 35et then causes the complete release of the anchor 3 by pushing into the notch 35 and rotation of the anchor 3dans the clockwise (Figures 12 to 14).

In the equilibrium position of the regulator member 4, shown in FIG. 14, the pin 5 is then fully inserted into the notch 35 of the anchor 3. At the same time, the regulator member 4 has no contact with the horns 33, 34 of the anchor 3 and can therefore continue to rotate, pushing the anchor 3 into abutment against the second pin 10 (Figures 15 and 16). In this position, a tooth 21d of the escape wheel comes to a stop against a stop plane of the arm 32 of the anchor 3, while the regulator 4 is released from the anchor 3 and continues its rotation counterclockwise on its additional arc, the ankle 5 continuing its parallel course along the scope 7 of the horn 34 (Figures 17 to 19).

When the regulator member 4 arrives at the end of its travel, in a second extreme position of its alternation (not shown), the pin 5 is still located opposite the reach 7 of the horn 34 of the anchor 3, which again ensures the securing of the escape mechanism 1 against a reversal of the anchor 3 in the event of an impact on the timepiece comprising it in this second extreme position. The safety device of the escape mechanism 1 in this second embodiment thus ensures the guiding of the regulating member 4 in all its positions with respect to the anchor 3 while preventing the anchor 3 from overturning and bracing. the regulating member 4 by guiding and following the ankle 5 on the concave bearing surfaces 6, 7 of the horns 33, 34 of the anchor 3.

The operation of the escape mechanism on the alternation back to the position of FIG. 10 is then strictly similar but in the opposite direction to what has been described above with reference to FIGS. 10 to 19.

The present invention therefore provides an escape mechanism provided with an anti-overturning safety device of simple, reliable and space-saving structure, suitable for low angles of lift and high frequencies of oscillation of the organ. regulator of a watch mechanism.

Claims (18)

1. Watch mechanism comprising an anchor escapement mechanism (1) and an oscillating regulating member (4), said anchor escapement mechanism (1) comprising: - an exhaust mobile (2) mobile in rotation about a first axis of rotation and provided with a series of peripheral teeth (21), and - An anchor (3), movable in rotation about a second axis of rotation parallel to the first, the anchor comprising a first and a second arm (31, 32) capable of alternately engaging a tooth (21) of the mobile of escapement on each rotation of the escapement mobile (2) and of the anchor around their respective axis of rotation and a fork formed of two horns (33, 34) extending in opposite directions to the first and second arms (31 , 32), and - a pin (5) capable of being secured to the oscillating regulator member (4) to cooperate at each half-oscillation of the oscillating regulator member with the fork of the anchor in order to at least partially release the anchor from the mobile exhaust, characterized in that it comprises an anti-overturning device comprising a first and a second curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) capable of being arranged on the horns (33, 34) of the fork or on the regulating member (4) oscillating and at least one follower member (5; 8, 9) adapted to be arranged on the oscillating regulator member (4) or on the horns (33, 34) of the fork respectively, the staves (6, 7 ) and said at least one follower member (5; 8, 9) being arranged such that said at least one follower member (5; 8, 9) is located, during the resting phases of the anchor, facing a staves (6, 7). 2. Watch mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that itcomporte means (41c, 43b, 8, 9) for damping the contact of the pin (5) to the fork of the anchor (3), the means damping being arranged on the anchor (3) and the regulating member (4) to produce a lever arm capable of initiating the release of the anchor before or simultaneously in contact with the ankle (5) at the anchor . 3. Watch mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) are convex sectors suitable for being arranged on the regulating member (4) oscillating and lugs (8, 9) arranged at the free ends horns (33, 34) of the fork constitute a first and a second follower members. 4. Watch mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) are adapted to be arranged in two superimposed parallel planes (P1, P2) and the lugs (8, 9) are arranged to be each secant to one of the superimposed planes (P1, P2) containing one of the curved staves (6, 7). 5. Watch mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said at least one follower member extends in opposite directions in vertical directions parallel to the axis of rotation of the anchor at each end of the horns. (33, 34). 6. Watch mechanism according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the peg (5) is fixed between the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) and extends perpendicularly to the planes (P1, P2) containing them. 7. Watch mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) are arranged on the horns (33, 34) of the fork and in that said at least one follower member is constituted by the pin (5 ). 8. Watch mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) are formed on a concave internal field of the horns (33, 34) of the fork and are symmetrical with respect to a notch (35) of the fork. insertion of the ankle (5) arranged in the anchor (3) at the base of the horns (33, 34). 9. Watch mechanism according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) have a variable or constant radius of curvature over the entire length of the lugs (33, 34), said bearing surfaces being symmetrical. 10. Watch mechanism according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it comprises lugs (8, 9) adapted to be arranged on the regulating member (4) at an equal distance from the ankle (5). 11. Watch mechanism according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the curved bearing surfaces (6, 7) extend in the same plane and the pin (5) and the lugs (8, 9) extend along directions parallel to each other and perpendicular and secant to this plane. 12. Oscillating regulator (4) for a watch mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a first and a second convex sectors (41, 42) extending in two distinct parallel planes (P1, P2), said first and second convex sectors being connected to each other by a pin (5) fixed between curved sections (41a, 42a) of each of said sectors of which a free field (41b, 42b) forms curved staves (6, 7 ). 13. Regulator member (4) oscillating for a watch mechanism according to one of claims 7 to 11, comprising an arm (43) carrying a pin (5) fixed on said arm (43) and two lugs (8, 9) fixed on said arm equidistant from said ankle (5), said lugs and said ankle extending in the same direction in parallel directions perpendicular to a plane containing said arm. 14. Anchor (3) for a watch mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a first and a second arm (31, 32) and a fork formed of two horns (33, 34) extending in opposite directions. to the first and second arms, characterized in thatsaid horns (33, 34) have at a free end a lug (8, 9) projecting with respect to the direction of extension of each of said horns (33, 34). 15. Anchor (3) according to claim 14, characterized in thatquesaid lugs (8, 9) extend at the ends of said horns (33, 34) in opposite directions. 16. Anchor (3) for a watch mechanism according to one of claims 7 to 11, comprising a first and a second arm (31, 32) and a fork formed of two horns (33, 34) extending in opposite directions. to the first and second arms, characterized in that it comprises a first and a second bearing (6, 7). 17. Timepiece comprising a watch mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 6 comprising a regulating member (4) oscillating according to claim 12 and an anchor (3) according to claim 14. 18. Timepiece comprising a watch mechanism according to one of claims 7 to 11 comprising a regulating member (4) oscillating according to claim 13 and an anchor (3) according to claim 16.