CH705751A2 - Piston engine such as scotch yoke engine, comprises a pinion or ring gear which is connected to a crank pin, such that the crank pin performs complete movements with the epicyclic or hypocycloid construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The piston engine comprises a circular rolling gear for transmitting power to the crank shaft instead of a circular crank, and a ring gear (3) or a pinion (2). The pinion or ring gear is connected to a crank pin (9), such that the crank pin can perform complete movements with the epicyclic or hypocycloid construction. A circular pitch gear is mounted in the engine housing such that it can be pre rotated and/or reversely rotated by an additional control, so that the crank pin can be moved to the initial position.

Description

Technical area:

The invention relates to a piston engine with a special power transmission of the piston forces on the crankshaft. The principle of the radially circular crankpin is replaced by a crankpin control principle of a pitch circle gear and a rolling gear. The crank pin forms a unit with the rolling gear, so that the crank pin moves off a recurring geometric shape, as you can construct with epicyclic or hypocycloids. Supplementing such a crankpin control principle by the ability to rotate the pitch circle gear in the piston engine housing forward or backward, with this rotation of the rolling circle gear, the compression in the work spaces can be changed under load, as the movement moves off the crank pin moves against the work spaces ,

State of the art:

Known piston engines with a variable compression compared to the present invention mainly have the following disadvantages: the mobile masses and the moments of inertia of the piston engine increase significantly. With the present invention, these disadvantages are significantly improved even compared to today known piston engines without variable compression.

Presentation of the invention:

The invention aims to transfer the piston forces as optimally as possible to the crankshaft, to allow variable compression under load, to reduce the mass of the moving machine parts and to ensure torque optimization over a much larger speed range.

To achieve this, in contrast to known reciprocating engines, the principle of the radial-circle crank pin must be replaced by a control principle in which the power transmission from the crank pin to the crankshaft by means of rolling circle gear designs happens. For this purpose, a Rollkreishohlrad or Rollkreiszahnrad is connected to the housing. In or on it rotates a pinion or ring gear, which is mounted on a crank or in a rotating disk. With the spinning gear, the crank pin is connected. Rotates now connected to the pinion or the ring gear crank pin in the rolling circle hollow wheel or on the rolling circle gear, all movements can be achieved on the crank pin, as they are constructible with epicyclic or hypocycloids. Of all these possible movements on the crank pin, in particular simple repeating geometric shapes are usable, such as, for example, linear, elliptical, kidney-shaped or triangular. The exact movement of the crank pin is determined by the ratio of the gears to each other, the Arides Rollkreiszahnrades and the positioning of the crank pin on the rotating gear. The ratio of the different gears to each other must be integer in the rule.

Achieve the piston of the piston engine, the maximum dead centers, we speak below of the basic position. If you want a variable compression under load, you must be able to leave this basic position. For this purpose, the rolling-circle gear is rotatably mounted in the housing, so that it can be turned forward or backward. If now the rolling circle gear is rotated forward or backward, the position of the movement sequence on the crank pin shifts by the angle that the rolling circle gear has been rotated relative to the housing. The easiest way to accomplish this by using a rotatably mounted ring gear as a rolling circle gear and partially attaches an external toothing on this ring gear. In the area of this external toothing, a worm gear is connected to the housing. If the worm gear rotates forward or backward, the ring gear will rotate. So you leave the basic position, and thus you can change the compression, without having to introduce additional machine parts in the movement of the connecting rod and piston.

With this simple and effective control principle, all known piston engine arrangements can be built with a variable compression under load and at the same time decrease with skillful design and arrangement, the mass of the moving machine parts and the moment of inertia. Of course, you can fix only the desired compression factory-installed instead of the variable compression and thus requires only one type of piston engine for the different types of fuel. However, this means depending on the piston arrangement a lot of effort. Therefore, it may be useful to carefully match the piston assembly, the number of pistons and the selected sequence of motions on the crank pin. In our opinion, especially piston machines with a linear or slightly elliptical movement on the crank pin make sense, if you want to build inline engines or boxer engines. If one needs V-engines, rather triangular movements on the crankpin come into question.

Looking at the variant V-engine a little more detail, so brings a triangular motion on the crank pin some advantages. The movement is achieved with a ring gear, which serves as a rolling circle gear, and a pinion, which rotates in the ring gear. The diameter of the pinion must be one third of the ring gear. The crankpin is mounted on the pinion within the pitch circle diameter. As a bank angle results from. the crank pin movement 120 °. If you put three pistons on a crank pin, you only need one control unit to leave the home position and can build a simple three-cylinder engine with variable compression. If the cylinders in the basic position are aligned more or less parallel to the mid-perpendiculars of the equilateral triangle trailed on the crank pin, a two-stroke engine can be constructed which can be controlled so that it can carry out the air exchange when passing through the respectively lower side of the triangle. So you lose no more lifting work for the air exchange, as is the case with known two-stroke engines, since when driving through the opposite side of the piston piston no lifting work is done.

As a second example, a possible boxer arrangement will be presented. For this purpose, a ring gear can be used as a rolling circle gear in which a pinion turns off. The ratio of ring gear to pinion should be two to one. The crank pin is placed on the pinion so that it comes to lie on the pitch diameter of the ring gear and pinion or in its vicinity. If the crank pin lies exactly on the pitch circle diameter, a linear movement, which corresponds to the pitch circle diameter of the ring gear and the pinion, is traversed. If the crank pin is close to the pitch circle diameter, an elliptical movement is achieved on the crank pin. If the axes of the piston movement and the movement of the crank pin parallel, then the maximum dead centers are reached: you are thus in the basic position of the piston engine. Turning now the ring gear, which serves here as a rolling circle, from the basic position by 90 ° forward or backward, the crank pin will move a perpendicular to the cylinder axis movement. As a result, virtually no lifting work is transmitted to the connecting rod and the compression in the workrooms drops to zero. If, instead, a crank loop machine is used, which moves off a linear movement on the crank pin, no further stroke movement is obtained on the piston, so that the compression is even 0%; or in other words, the crankpin makes an orthogonal movement to the cylinder axes, since normally the change of the compression ratio is achieved with a relatively small rotation of the rolling-circle gear. In the case of a crank loom machine, the size of the crank loop can be significantly reduced, so that the crank loop only has to be adapted to the desired variation of the compression and the desired movement sequence of the crank pin connected to the pinion. With this reduction in the size of the crank, the generally possible reduction in the piston height and the further weight savings due to the lack of bearings between the piston and the connecting rod, the weight of the machine parts of a crank-pulley machine to be linearly accelerated drops drastically compared to a normal piston machine. Next offers the use of the piston bottom as working space in such a crank loops machines, as is done today in the case of crosshead machines in marine engine construction. In the two-stroke process, when these two work spaces are directly connected to each other via piston and / or piston rod internal valves, the purging operations can be optimized to an internal DC purge and the problematic high wear of the piston rings can be reduced.

Interestingly, such a crank loom machine allows two simple cylinder arrangements. If you want to build a four-cylinder engine, for example, this can be done with a crankpin control unit by both sides crankpins are mounted on the rolling pinion. If these two crankpins are 180 ° apart, the two crank-pulley units must be arranged at an angle of 90 °. So it is almost a V-engine with 90 ° bank angle. If you change the arrangement of the two crank pins on the rolling pinion, the bank angle will halve against the selected angle of the two crank pins. Due to the linear movement of a crank-belt unit, racks can also be mounted in the region of the piston rods, which transmit the movement of the crank-belt unit to the next crank-loop unit by means of a gear fixed in the housing. With this principle, multi-cylinder arrangements with good mass balance and light weight can be realized with a crankpin control unit.

Taking only one unit with only one piston and a rear guide on the piston rod instead of the crank loops unit, basically all the advantages, as can be achieved with crank loops, are also transferred to Reihenmotorenanordnungen.

List of drawings:

The invention is illustrated by means of a crank loom machine with variable compression drawing.

Figures 1 - 4 show a crank loom machine in its basic position with variable compression under load, the figures 1 and 2 show the front view and Figures 3 and 4 are the rear views, the two pistons 5 with the crank loop 1 and the piston rods 8 a solid Represent unity. The two cylinders 6 are shown cut to illustrate the power transmission by means of ring gear 3 and pinion 2. If the pinion 2 rotates once in the ring gear 3 in the bearing disk 9 with the crank pin 4 fixed thereon, the two pistons 5 pass through their top and bottom dead centers and reach the maximum lifting height h. Since now the ring gear 3 is rotatably mounted in the housing, it can be rotated forward or backward by means of the worm gear 7 relative to the housing.

Fig. 5 to 8 show the same scheme, in which case by turning the worm gear 7, the ring gear 3 has been moved from its normal position, so now the two pistons 5 only the lifting height h 'drive through and thus the compression in the workrooms opposite the basic position has decreased. Thanks to this rotation of the ring gear in both directions, the ignition timing can be placed in front of or behind the piston stroke.

Fig. 9 shows the same machine arrangement seen from above, the control unit consisting of ring gear 3 and pinion 2 is needed only once, because the second double-piston unit is mounted by means of racks 10 which are mounted on the piston rods 8 and a fixed gear in the housing 11th mechanically connected to the first double piston unit, moves a double piston unit, the other is moved symmetrically by the connection rack 10 and gear 11 in the opposite direction.

Embodiment of the invention:

The variable power transmission to the crankshaft is achieved by the crankshaft is replaced with a rotating crank pin by a system of rolling circle gear or Rollkreishohlrad and therein or on it spinning off pinion or ring gear. The spinning ring gear or pinion is stored in a crank or bearing disk and the crank pin is connected to the rotating pinion or ring gear. Rotates now connected to the pinion or the ring gear crank pin in or on the rolling-circle gear or Rollkreishohlrad from, all motion sequences can be achieved on the crank pin, as they are constructible with epicycloids or hypocycloids. The exact sequence of movements of the crank pin is determined by the ratio of the gears to each other, the type of rolling-pin gear, be it ring gear or pinion, and the positioning of the crank pin, which is connected to the rotating pinion determined. The ratio of the different gears to each other must be integer in the rule. Thus, in a two-stroke engine, the desired sequence of movements will repeat after each revolution, in the four-stroke process, a ratio of the gears can be selected in which the sequence of movements repeats after two revolutions. With such a system, therefore, any geometric repeating shape can be traced on the crank pin, which uses the rolling circle as a fixed point.

If now the rolling circle relative to the other machine parts fixed so that the pistons reach their maximum top dead centers, we speak of the basic position of the piston engine. Since in this invention we no longer have to deal with circular motions on the crankpin, but with repeating geometrical shapes, the displacement of these shapes makes it possible to turn the position which the crankpin leaves at any angle about the pitch circle center. So if you rotate the rolling circle about its axis, the position of the movement sequence on the crank pin will move exactly by the angle by which the rolling circle was rotated relative to the housing. This can be used as a variable compression in a piston engine this forward or backward rotation of the rolling circle.

If you want to leave the basic position, you can connect, for example, the rolling-circle gear or Rollkreishohlrad via a worm gear with the housing and rotate the defined movement on the crank pin relative to the basic position, thereby the maximum dead centers are no longer achieved, and the compression in the cylinders sinks. Depending on the geometric shape that moves away from the crank pin, and the arrangement of the cylinder, the rotation of the rolling-circle gear or Rollkreishohlrades can be done with a positive and / or a negative angle. So if a rotation in both directions is possible, in addition to the compression change and optimization of the power transmission can take place according to the desired speed. Of course, a system with a ring gear as a pitch circle easier for the desired change of compression under load use, since the movement takes place practically inside the ring gear and you can attach the control of twisting outside. The two movements do not interfere with this.

As a possible embodiment, we would like to introduce a crank loom with the new crankpin control. Of course you could build such a machine arrangement as a boxer machine. The Boxer machine has in some points significant disadvantages compared to the crank assembly, because thanks to the rigid unit of piston, piston rod and crank, the piston height, the size of the machine and the weight of the accelerated masses can be further reduced compared to the known Boxer arrangement. As a control system for the crank pin to choose a ring gear as a pitch circle and a pinion which rotates in the ring gear. The gear ratio of ring gear to pinion is 2: 1. The crankpin is mounted on the pinion near the pitch circle diameter. Thus, the pinion crank pin passes through an elliptical path when traveling in the ring gear. If the pinion crank pin is mounted exactly on the pitch circle diameter of the two gears, it passes through a linear path when rolling. It does not matter if the pinion crank pin is fixed directly on the pinion or on the pinion shaft of the pinion. If the choice falls on the bearing axle assembly, it has the advantage that the bearing axis can have a larger diameter than the pinion. This gives you more freedom in the placement of the pinion crank pin, and you need no intermediate piece between the crank pin and pinion. If the axes of the piston movement and the movement described by the pinion crank pin are parallel, then the maximum dead centers, or in other words the maximum compression in the machine, are achieved. If you also want a change in compression under load, you have to create the possibility to turn the ring gear serving as a rolling circle in addition to the housing forward or backward. This can be achieved for example with a worm gear. Turning the ring gear serving as a pitch circle forward or backward by means of the worm gear, the dead points of the piston will move. The movement that now leaves the crank pin, no longer runs parallel to the piston, but intersects with the piston stroke in the center of the ring gear. This causes the pistons to no longer reach their top dead centers and the compression in the cylinders drops. It is thus possible to optimize each parameter according to the number of turns and the fuel used for consumption and performance.

If you want to build a four-cylinder engine, for example, you can attach crank pin on both sides of the pinion. It does not matter in which position the two crank pins are on the pinion to each other. For example, they may be in the same location, thereby making both double-cylinder units perform a synchronous motion sequence, or they are 180 ° shifted on the pinion, then the two double-cylinder units will move at right angles to each other. Of course, all conceivable arrangements of the crankpins to each other are possible between these two extremes. Another possibility of the multi-cylinder arrangement is to install racks on the piston rods. For power transmission from a piston rod with rack to the next can then simply serve a gear. This type of power transmission brings in multi-cylinder arrangements the advantage of opposing piston units, at the same time decreases the moving mass, and you only need a control unit for the compression change. In addition, it is possible, for example, to use the piston bottoms as working spaces in large ship engines with piston rods. Of course you can build the machine without the possibility of variable compression. Thus, it is possible in the basic position of the ring gear with an arrangement of the crank pin on the pitch circle diameter to replace the crank loop with a simple circular crank pin bearing. However, if you want to optimize the power transmission from the crank to the crankshaft, the machine can also be built with a twisted home position, so the machine can be designed so that at the moment of ignition a desired lever arm acts on the crankshaft.

Claims (6)

1. The patent relates to a piston engine that uses a construction of a rolling circle gear for transmitting power to the crankshaft instead of a rotating crank, whether this is a ring gear or a pinion, which is traversed by a ring gear or pinion, with the spinning pinion or ring gear connected to the crank pin, so that the crank pin can perform movements, as can be achieved with epicyclic or Hypozykloidenkonstruktionen. 2. Piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling-circle gear is mounted in the machine housing so that it can be rotated forward and / or backward with an additional control, so that the movement that is achieved on the crank pin can be moved relative to the basic position, This displacement of the crank pin movement can now be used to adjust the compression in the working spaces of the piston engine under load. 3. Piston engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that can be achieved, for example, with a ratio of Rollkreishohlrad to rolling pinion of 2: 1 and the placement of the crank pin on the pinion in the vicinity or on the pitch diameter, elliptical or linear movements on the crank pin and can be built with this control principle ideal way crank loops machines with variable compression, which allow thanks to the possible lower crank loop height at the same time a massive weight reduction over known crank loops machines. 4. Crank loop machine according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it is possible to control further units of piston, piston rod and crank by means of a compound of racks and a gear mounted in the housing, doing a piston unit performs a lifting movement is thanks to the rack and the stored in the housing Gear moves the subsequent next piston unit in the opposite direction, so you need for multi-cylinder engines only one control unit for the variable compression and reaches an opposite piston stroke in the other piston units. 5. Crank loop machine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that can be achieved with a ratio of Rollkreishohlrad to rolling pinion of 3: 1 and the placement of the crank pin on the pinion in the vicinity or within the pitch circle diameter on the crank pin triangular motion sequences that a gleichseitigem Come close to triangle, the cylinders are now placed on the perpendicular bisector of the crazy cranked triangle, the piston will not perform lifting when driving through the opposite lower triangle side, so now this rest position can be used with respect to lifting for the air exchange of two-stroke engines and you no longer Hubarbeit loses for the change of air. 6. piston machine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that can be with the corresponding ratio of the rolling circle gear to the rolling pinion and the matching placement of the crank pin all known cylinder arrangements, such as in-line engine, V-engine, boxer engine or radial engine supplement with a variable compression.