CH703814B1 - Escapement anchor clockwork. - Google Patents

Abstract

A watch movement anchor having input (10A) and output (10B) pallets having rest surfaces (21A; 21B) connected to impulse surfaces (20A; 20B). . Each resting surface (21A; 21B) is a portion of a prism of circular section whose axis is the axis of pivoting of said anchor. The invention further relates to pallets for such an anchor, and to an escapement mechanism (100) comprising such an anchor, which comprises return or repulsion means cooperating with a fork rod (14) and / or with arm of said anchor, for mechanical contact for resilient return or repulsion means, or by magnetic or electrised zones for magnetic and / or electrostatic return or repulsion means. The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising such an escape mechanism and a method of manufacturing or processing a Swiss lever escapement mechanism.

Description

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to an anchor for a watch movement, comprising, on either side of an anchor rod defining a pivot axis of said anchor,

at a first end, at least two pallets, input and output, each mounted at an arm, respectively inlet and outlet, each said pallet being terminated by a pulse surface arranged to receive a impulse communicated by a tooth of an escape wheel, and each said pallet comprising, connected to said impulse surface, a resting surface arranged to receive resting a tooth of such an escape wheel;

- At a second end, a fork connected to said input and output arms by a fork rod arranged to pivot between limit stops, respectively inlet and outlet side of said respective arms;

said fork comprising, on either side of a fork entry clearance, two horns, inlet and outlet, arranged to limit the displacement of a plateau pin of a balance wheel of an organ regulator;

- Said fork further comprising a stinger, arranged to cooperate with a notch of a plate of such a balance.

The invention further relates to a pallet for such an anchor, said pallet being terminated by a pulse surface arranged to receive a pulse communicated by a tooth of an escape wheel, and having, connected to said surface of impulse, a resting surface arranged to receive resting a tooth of such an escape wheel.

The invention relates to a Swiss lever escapement mechanism, arranged to cooperate with a balance of a regulating member, said balance having a large plate with a plateau pin, and a small plate with a notch, said exhaust mechanism including an escape wheel and such an anchor.

The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such Swiss lever escapement mechanism.

The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing or processing an anchor escapement comprising an escape wheel and a Swiss anchor.

The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and more specifically of portable watchmaking.

More particularly, the invention relates to the field of escape mechanisms for the maintenance and counting of oscillations of the movement regulating member.

The Swiss lever escapement is the most widespread because it is the most interesting from the point of view of operating safety of the movement, especially for portable watchmaking.

Background of the invention

An anchor escapement, in particular with Swiss anchor, comprises:

- an escape wheel, usually attached to a pinion

- An anchor provided, at a first end, two pallets, inlet and outlet, each embedded in an arm, inlet and outlet, on either side of an anchor rod pivoting; at a second end, a fork connected to the carrier arms of the pallets by a fork rod whose movements are limited by stops (also called pins), inlet and outlet, limiting;

- This fork having, on both sides of a release called fork entrance, two horns, input and output, limiting the displacement of a plateau pin that carries a large plate of a balance wheel regulatory body;

- This fork further comprising, generally fixed in a stud, a sting, which cooperates with a notch of a small plate that includes the balance.

Each pallet is terminated by a pulse surface, generally an inclined plane, which receives the pulse communicated by a tooth of the escape wheel.

A draw is a safety arrangement for holding the fork rod against a limit stop, while the balance carries an additional oscillation arc, that is to say an arc traveled outside the functions the exhaust (before release or after the impulse according to the pallet concerned). The surface of the pallet on which the tooth of the escape wheel rests while the pendulum traverses this additional arc is called rest. Pulling makes it possible to press the rod against the limit stop during the execution of the additional angle, and makes it possible to bring it back quickly during an impact.

The draft angle is defined by, on the one hand, this rest plane, and on the other hand by a perpendicular elevated on a radius of the anchor, at the point of contact between the pallet and the tooth of the escape wheel. This angle is designed to resist release, and has been introduced to overcome a defect called overturning, in case of accidental shock, in which the fork rod moves away from the limit stops during the additional oscillation, and the ankle The pendulum plate then comes up against the back of the horns of the fork.

The exhaust is an energy dispensing member, which periodically transmits to the regulator member a portion of the energy that it receives itself from the engine means, typically barrel or the like. Friction is responsible for energy loss, which affects the performance of the exhaust, since it is estimated that the exhaust transmits only about 30% of the driving force it receives.

At rest there is a pulling force, to maintain the fork rod against the limit stop. This pulling force is dependent on the energy available in the barrel, and the stop on the rest plane is maximum when the timepiece, hereinafter shown shows it, is raised to the maximum.

In an exhaust that has draw, the escape wheel back on release, and so brakes the pendulum. The output pallet moves along a secant radius with the trajectory of the exhaust wheel tooth, which explains the decline of the latter. This movement is called geometric recession, and would be zero in the absence of draw. It combines with a dynamic recoil, which is all the greater as the clearance is fast and the inertia of the escape wheel is high.

The larger the draw, the greater the recoil, and the more the balance is braked. As a result, the amplitude is variable, and thus the step is variable, which is not desired.

In addition, so that the balance can overcome the pulling force, it is necessary that its moment of inertia is sufficiently large, which also influences the dimensioning of the barrel. In sum, it is necessary to find a compromise between the dimensioning of the barrel and the determination of the moments of inertia, which allows to obtain a satisfactory step, at least over a limited period.

Summary of the invention

The invention proposes to improve the reliability of the exhaust mechanisms, in particular Swiss anchor escapements, and thereby increase the duration during which walking is satisfactory.

For this purpose, the invention relates to an anchor for a watch movement, comprising, on either side of an anchor rod defining a pivot axis of said anchor,

at a first end, at least two pallets, input and output, each mounted at an arm, respectively inlet and outlet, each said pallet being terminated by a pulse surface arranged to receive a impulse communicated by a tooth of an escape wheel, and each said pallet comprising, connected to said impulse surface, a resting surface arranged to receive resting a tooth of such an escape wheel;

- At a second end, a fork connected to said input and output arms by a fork rod arranged to pivot between limit stops, respectively inlet and outlet side of said respective arms;

said fork comprising, on either side of a fork entry clearance, two horns, inlet and outlet, arranged to limit the displacement of a plateau pin of a balance wheel of an organ regulator;

- said fork further comprising a stinger, arranged to cooperate with a notch of a plate of such a balance; and characterized in that said resting surface of each said pallet is a portion of a prism of circular section whose axis of symmetry coincides with said pivot axis of said anchor.

According to a feature of the invention, each said resting surface is a cylinder portion whose axis coincides with said pivot axis of said anchor.

According to a feature of the invention, said rest surfaces of said pallets are portions of the same prism circular section whose axis of symmetry coincides with said pivot axis of said anchor.

The invention also relates to a pallet for such an anchor, said pallet being terminated by a pulse surface arranged to receive an impulse communicated by a tooth of an escape wheel, and comprising, connected to said surface of pulse, a resting surface arranged to receive resting a tooth of such an escape wheel, characterized in that said resting surface is a portion of a prism of circular section, and said pallet is insertable in a housing of an anchor adjustably to align the axis of symmetry of said prism circular section with a pivot axis that includes said anchor.

The invention also relates to an anchor escapement mechanism, arranged to cooperate with a pendulum of a regulating member, said balance having a large plate provided with a plateau pin, and a small plate provided with a notch, said exhaust mechanism having an escape wheel cooperating with such an anchor.

According to a feature of the invention, said escape mechanism comprises biasing or repulsion means, elastic and / or magnetic and / or electrostatic, which cooperate with said fork rod and / or with said arms. of said anchor, for a mechanical contact in the case of biasing means or elastic repulsion such as springs, and / or respectively with magnetized zones and / or electrified ad hoc in the case of means of return or repulsion type magnetic and / or electrostatic.

According to a feature of the invention, said biasing means or elastic repulsion are constituted by at least one spring.

According to one characteristic of the invention, said elastic return or repulsion means are constituted by two springs arranged at the end of the path of travel of said arms and so that only one arm cooperates with a single spring to a given moment.

According to a feature of the invention, said biasing means or elastic repulsion are constituted by at least one spring cooperating with a groove or with a finger that includes said fork rod of said anchor.

According to a feature of the invention, said exhaust mechanism comprises an exhaust wheel devoid of heels.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing or processing an exhaust mechanism comprising an escape wheel and a Swiss anchor, characterized in that it is mounted at the level of the input arm and the output of said Swiss anchor, at least two pallets respectively input and output, each said pallet being terminated by a pulse surface arranged to receive a pulse communicated by a tooth of an escape wheel, and each said pallet comprising, connected to said impulse surface, a resting surface arranged to receive resting a tooth of such an escape wheel, said resting surface being a portion of a prism of circular section, and again characterized by the fact that said axis of symmetry is adjusted so as to align with a pivot axis that includes said anchor.

According to a feature of the invention, there is mounted in said exhaust mechanism an exhaust wheel devoid of heels.

The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such anchor escapement mechanism.

Thanks to the invention is first eliminated the geometric recoil, removing the traditional draw, and adopting the stop of the tooth of the escape wheel on a cylindrical wall or the like. The print is replaced by a security reminder.

Unlike the case of a cylinder escapement with constant friction on the balance shaft, in the case of the invention the friction is only on the pallets of the anchor, and the balance shaft remains completely free.

The two rest surfaces being on the same prism circular section, it reduces the difference in length of the anchor arms, which provides a better balance, especially in the face of shocks.

It is necessary to maintain the safety of the lost path to ensure the passage of all the teeth of the escape wheel, and to allow the security of the entrance of the plateau ellipse in the range. This lost path consists in the small angular arc that the anchor travels empty, after an impulse given by a tooth on the input pallet, and until the fork rod meets the limit of output limitation. In a particular version of the invention, a traditional pull substitution device ensures the desired stability and security. This substitution device, called a safety reminder, comprises means external to the anchor, preferably in the form of biasing or repulsion means, of elastic or magnetic or electrostatic or similar type, which cooperate with certain zones of the planet. anchor, for mechanical contact in the case of biasing means or elastic repulsion such as springs, or with ad hoc magnetized or electrified zones. Such return or repulsion means make it possible to choose the safety reminder necessary for the anchor holding function, and, thanks to the invention, this safety reminder remains constant regardless of the variable energy delivered at the level of motor means, typically the barrel.

In addition, an advantage induced by this constancy of safety recall regardless of the power reserve is to allow an accurate calculation of the balance.

The invention allows, again, a great simplification of the escape wheel, by removing the heel. Indeed, in the prior art, the heel was necessary to prevent the tip of the output pallet does not touch the tooth of the escape wheel at the time of release of the input pallet. Thanks to the radiated or circular shape of the pallet resting surface, this heel is no longer necessary. This simplifies the manufacture of this wheel and reduce its cost.

In short, the invention makes it possible to make the safety reminder constant regardless of the remaining energy available at the motor means, it allows to reuse existing anchors by installing new adapted pallets, it allows the simplification of the escape wheel.

The invention still allows the computation optimization of the balance, a better distribution of the entry and exit pallet angles, and a smaller lift angle for the pendulum.

Naturally, the invention can significantly reduce friction, and thus improve the energy efficiency of the exhaust, and thereby increase the power reserve of the movement.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

4 fig. 1 represents, schematically, partially, and in perspective, a Swiss lever escapement mechanism according to the invention, in cooperation with a beam; fig. 2 shows schematically, partially and in plan view, the mechanism of FIG. 1; fig. 3 represents, schematically, partially and in plan view, a variant of the mechanism according to the invention, in a rest position; fig. 4 represents, schematically, partially and in plan view, the mechanism of FIG. 3, in an entry position; fig. 5 shows, schematically, partially and in plan view, the mechanism of FIG. 3, in an exit position; fig. 6 shows, schematically, partially and in plan view, a succession of kinematic views of movement of another variant of the mechanism according to the invention.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and more specifically to portable watchmaking, and, more particularly, the field of exhaust mechanisms for the maintenance and counting of oscillations of the regulating member of the movement.

The invention is described here for a Swiss lever escapement, the most widespread on the market, but the skilled person will easily adapt to other types of particular escapements, and other types anchors, English, ankles, or other, and, more generally still, any escapement intermediate mobile.

The invention particularly relates to an anchor 1 for a watch movement, including a Swiss anchor. This anchor 1 conventionally comprises, and as visible in FIG. 1, on either side of an anchor rod 12 defining a pivot axis of the anchor 1:

- At a first end, at least two pallets, 10A input and 10B output, each mounted at an arm, respectively input 1 1 A and output 11 B, each said pallet 10A, 10B, being terminated by a pulse surface 20A, 20B, arranged to receive a pulse communicated by a tooth 3 of an escape wheel 2, and each said pallet 10A, 10B, having, connected to the pulse surface 20A; 20B, a resting surface 21A, 21B, arranged to receive resting rest a tooth 3 of such an escape wheel 2;

- At a second end, a fork 13 connected to the input arms 1 1 A and output 11 B by a fork rod 14 arranged to rotate between the limiting stops, respectively 15A input and 15B output on the side respective arms.

The fork 13 comprises, on either side of a fork entry clearance 16, two horns, 17A input and 17B output, arranged to limit the movement of a plateau pin 31 d ' a balance 30 of a regulating member. The fork 13 further comprising a stinger 19, arranged to cooperate with a notch 34 of such a pendulum

30. In the usual manner and as visible in FIG. 1, the balance has a large plate 32 provided with the plateau pin

31, and a small plate 33 provided with the notch 34.

To improve the reliability of an escapement mechanism, in particular with Swiss anchor, and to increase the duration during which the step is satisfactory, the invention eliminates the traditional draw, friction generator and yield destroyer, and inflicting a counter-productive setback on the escape wheel.

The invention transforms the traditional stop planes curves: by causing the stop of a tooth on a curved wall, including prismatic elliptical or circular section, the release does not cause any recoil when the section is circular centered on the pivot axis of the anchor, and the recoil is reduced when using another curved surface nearby.

It is understood that different curved walls are usable. Preferably, and for greater ease of manufacture and adjustment, according to the invention, and as shown in FIG. 2, the resting surface 21A, 21B of each pallet 10A, 10B is a portion of a prism of elliptical section whose axis of symmetry coincides with the pivot axis of the anchor 1.

In a preferred embodiment, as visible in the figures, this elliptical section is circular, and each resting surface 21 A, 21 B is then a cylinder portion whose axis coincides with the pivot axis. of the anchor 1. As shown in fig. 2, the resting surface 21 A is a portion of a cylinder 23, and the resting surface 21 B is a portion of a cylinder 22. Advantageously, these cylinders 22 and 23 are coaxial.

This eliminates the geometric recoil, removing the traditional draw, and adopting the stop of the tooth of the escape wheel on a cylindrical wall or the like.

It is understood that the choice of cylindrical walls as shown in FIG. 2 guarantees a zero decline. Other curved profiles can also be adopted, and also decrease the decline, but without canceling it, contrary to the version

5 preferred in FIG. 2 where the recoil is zero, thanks to the concentricity of the cylindrical walls 21 A and 21 B with the pivot axis of the anchor 1, and where the clearance is perfect and smoothly.

Unlike the case of a cylinder escapement with constant friction on the balance shaft, in the case of the invention the friction is only on the pallets of the anchor, and the balance shaft remains completely free.

In a particular embodiment, the rest surfaces 21A, 21B, pallets 10A, 10B, are portions of the same elliptical section prism, in particular of the same cylinder, whose axis of symmetry is coincident with the pivot axis of the anchor 1. The two rest surfaces being on the same elliptical section prism, preferably circular, this reduces the difference in length of the anchor arms, which provides a better balance, especially in the face of shocks.

The invention also relates to a pallet 10 for such an anchor 1 for a watch movement, in particular a Swiss anchor. This pallet 10 is terminated by a pulse surface 20 arranged to receive a pulse communicated by a tooth 3 of an escape wheel 2, and comprises, connected to the impulse surface 20, a resting surface 21 arranged to receiving resting support a tooth 3 of such a wheel 2. According to the invention, the rest surface 21 is a portion of a prism of elliptical section, and the pallet 10 is insertable in a housing of an anchor 1 , in particular a Swiss anchor, adjustably to align the axis of symmetry of the elliptical section prism with a pivot axis that includes the anchor 1.

The invention also relates to an escapement 100 anchor mechanism, arranged to cooperate with a rocker 30 of a regulating member, this rocker 30 having a plateau pin 31, and a notch 34, and the mechanism 100 comprising such an anchor 1, including a Swiss anchor.

To maintain the safety of the lost path to ensure the passage of all the teeth of the escape wheel, and to allow the safety of the entrance of the plateau ellipse in the range, in a particular and preferred version of the invention, a traditional pull substitution device provides the desired stability and security. This substitution device is called safety reminder, and includes means external to the anchor, which cooperate with one or more surfaces thereof. Thus, this escapement mechanism 100 preferably comprises biasing or repulsive means 40, of elastic or / and magnetic and / or electrostatic type, or the like, which cooperate with certain zones of the anchor, in particular as illustrated on FIG. the figures with the fork rod 14 and / or with the arms 1 1 A, 1 1 B, of the anchor 1, for a mechanical contact in the case of means of return or elastic repulsion such as springs, or / and respectively with magnetic zones and / or electrified ad hoc. Preferably, the return means or elastic repulsion 40 are constituted by at least one spring 41; 42.

In a variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, the biasing or elastic repulsion means 40 are constituted by two springs 41 A, 41 B, arranged at the end of the trajectory of the arms 1 1 A, 1 1 B, and so that a single arm cooperates with a single spring at a given moment.

In another variant as visible in FIG. 6, the return means or elastic repulsion 40 are constituted by at least one spring 42 cooperating with a groove or with a finger 24 that includes the fork rod 14 of the anchor 1.

Such return means or repulsion allow to choose the security booster required for the anchor holding function, and, thanks to the invention, this safety reminder remains constant regardless of the variable energy delivered. at the motor means, typically the barrel. The control of the definition and the characteristics of this security recall makes it possible to calculate it very precisely.

In addition, this constancy of the safety recall, regardless of the power reserve, allows a precise calculation of the balance.

FIG. 6 illustrates the kinematics of an escapement mechanism equipped with an anchor 1 according to the invention. On each sketch are indicated, in italics and from top to bottom, the respective pivot angles of the large plate 32 of the rocker 30 carrying the pin 31, the anchor 1, and the escape wheel 2. The sketch in top left represents the rest of a tooth of the escape wheel on the input pallet 10A, from left to right the tooth leaves this resting surface to cooperate with the impulse surface, which it then leaves. The sketch at the top right shows the support of another tooth on the rest surface of the exit pallet. The sketches of the lower row show, from left to right, the evolution of the cooperation of this tooth with the exit pallet, the support moving from the resting surface to the impulse surface, which the tooth leaves on the sketch at the bottom right.

The invention allows, again, a great simplification of the escape wheel, by removing the heel. Indeed, in the prior art, the heel was necessary to prevent the tip of the output pallet does not touch the tooth of the escape wheel at the time of release of the input pallet. Thanks to the radiated or circular shape of the pallet resting surface, this heel is no longer necessary. This simplifies the manufacture of this wheel and reduce its cost. Thus, advantageously and particularly economically, the escapement mechanism 100 comprises an escape wheel 2 devoid of heels, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 5.

The invention also relates to a manufacturing method or transformation of a Swiss lever escapement mechanism, according to which is mounted, at the input arm 11 A and output 1 1 B that includes the Swiss anchor, at

6

Claims (14)

minus two pallets respectively 10A input and 10B output: each pallet 10A, 10B, is terminated by a pulse surface 20A, 20B, arranged to receive a pulse communicated by a tooth 3 of an escape wheel 2. And each pallet 10A, 10B, comprises, connected to the impingement surface 20A, 20B, a resting surface 21A, 21B, arranged to receive resting a tooth 3 of such an escape wheel 2. According to the invention, the resting surface 21A; 21 B, is a portion of a prism of elliptical section. According to the invention, the axis of symmetry of this prism is adjusted so as to align it with a pivot axis that the anchor comprises. It is understood that it is so easy to transform an anchor or an existing mechanism, inexpensively. Preferably, according to this method is mounted recall means or repulsion 40, elastic or / and magnetic and / or electrostatic, which cooperate with the fork rod 14 and / or with the arms 1 1 A , 1 1 B, of the anchor 1, for a mechanical contact in the case of biasing means or elastic repulsion such as springs, and / or respectively with magnetized areas and / or electrified ad hoc. Preferably, the anchor escapement mechanism 100 is fitted with an escape wheel 2 devoid of heels. The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such Swiss lever escapement mechanism 100. The invention is described here for the preferred case, and also the most common, of an exhaust mechanism comprising two pallets. It should be understood that the invention is obviously applicable to an exhaust mechanism having a number of pallets greater than two. The invention requires no blocking latch or other intermediate mechanism for its operation. The invention is concerned with resting surfaces 21 A and 21 B pallets 10A and 10B of the anchor 1 which are, for one 21B an internal surface, and for the other 21A a outer surface. In short, the recoil control is achieved by the invention, which allows to cancel this decline in a preferred configuration of resting surfaces of the pallets of the anchor which are cylindrical and coaxial with the pivot axis of anchor. The invention makes the safety recall constant regardless of the remaining energy available at the motor means, it allows to reuse existing anchors by installing new adapted pallets, it still allows the simplification of the wheel exhaust. The invention thus optimizes the calculation of the balance, a better distribution of the entry and exit pallet angles, and a smaller lift angle for the balance. Naturally, the invention can significantly reduce friction, and thus improve the fuel efficiency of the exhaust, and thereby increase the power reserve of the movement. claims Anchor (1) for a watch movement, comprising, on either side of an anchor rod (12) defining a pivot axis of said anchor (1), - At a first end, at least two pallets, input (10A) and output (10B), each mounted at an arm, respectively input (1 1A) and output (1 1 B), each said pallet (10A; 10B) being terminated by a pulse surface (20A; 20B) arranged to receive a pulse communicated by a tooth (3) of an escape wheel (2), and each said pallet (10A 10B) comprising, connected to said impulse surface (20A; 20B), a resting surface (21A; 21B) arranged to receive resting a tooth (3) of such an escape wheel ( 2); at a second end, a fork (13) connected to said input (11A) and output (11B) arms by a fork rod (14) arranged to pivot between limit stops, respectively input (15A) and output (15B) side of said respective arms; - said fork (13) having, on either side of a fork entry clearance (16), two horns, input (17A) and output (17B), arranged to limit the displacement of a plateau pin (31) of a balance (30) of a regulating member; said fork (13) further comprising a dart (19), arranged to cooperate with a notch (34) of such a rocker (30), and characterized in that said resting surface (21 A, 21 B) of each said pallet (10A; 10B) is a portion of a cylinder whose axis coincides with said pivot axis of said anchor (1). 2. Anchor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said resting surfaces (21A, 21B) of said pallets (10A, 10B) are portions of the same prism of circular section whose axis of symmetry is merged with said pivot axis of said anchor (1). 3. Anchor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it is a Swiss anchor. 4. Pallet (10) for an anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, said pallet (10) being terminated by a pulse surface (20) arranged to receive an impulse communicated by a tooth (3) of a wheel 7, and having, connected to said impulse surface (20), a resting surface (21) arranged to receive resting a tooth (3) of such an escape wheel ( 2), characterized in that said resting surface (21) is a portion of a prism of circular section, and said pallet (10) is insertable into an anchor housing (1) in an adjustable manner to align the axis of symmetry of said circular section prism with a pivot axis that includes said anchor (1). An escapement mechanism (100) with an anchor, arranged to cooperate with a balance of a regulating member, said balance having a plate pin (31) and a notch (34), said escapement mechanism (100) comprising an escape wheel (2) cooperating with an anchor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3. 6. Anchor escapement mechanism (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that said exhaust mechanism (100) comprises biasing or repulsive means (40), elastic and / or magnetic type and / or electrostatic, which cooperate with said fork rod (14) and / or with said arms (11A; 11B) of said anchor (1), for mechanical contact in the case of biasing means or elastic repulsion such as springs, and / or respectively with magnetic zones and / or electrified ad hoc in the case of magnetic or electrostatic means of return or repulsion. 7. Anchor escapement mechanism (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that said biasing means or elastic repulsion (40) consist of at least one spring (41; 42). 8. escape mechanism (100) anchor, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said biasing means or elastic repulsion (40) are constituted by two springs (41 A; 41 B) arranged at the end of trajectory of said arms (11A; 11B) and so that a single arm cooperates with a single spring at a given moment. 9. Anchor escapement mechanism (100) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said biasing means or elastic repulsion (40) are constituted by at least one spring (42) cooperating with a groove or with a finger (24) that includes said fork rod (14) of said anchor (1). 10. An escapement mechanism (100) anchor, according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that said escapement wheel (2) that it comprises is devoid of heels. Timepiece comprising at least one anchor escapement mechanism (100) according to one of claims 5 to 10. 12. A method of manufacturing or processing an anchor escapement mechanism comprising an escape wheel (2) and a Swiss anchor, characterized in that mounts, at the input arm (11 A). and output (11 B) that comprises said Swiss anchor, at least two pallets respectively input (10A) and output (10B), each said pallet being terminated by a pulse surface (20A; 20B) arranged to receive an impulse imparted by a tooth (3) of said escape wheel (2), and each said pallet (10A; 10B) having, connected to said impulse surface (20A; 20B), a resting surface (21A); B) arranged to receive resting a tooth (3) of said escape wheel (2), said rest surface (21 A; 21 B) being a portion of a prism of circular section, and further characterized by setting an axis of symmetry in said cylinder so as to align it with an axis of pivoting that includes said anchor. 13. A method of manufacturing or processing an anchor escapement mechanism according to claim 12, characterized in that mounting means for biasing or repulsion (40), elastic and / or magnetic type and / or electrostatic, which cooperate with said fork rod (14) and / or with said arms (11A; 11B) of said anchor (1), for mechanical contact in the case of biasing means or elastic repulsion such as springs, and / or respectively with magnetic zones and / or electrified ad hoc. 14. A method of manufacturing or processing an anchor escapement mechanism according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that mounted in said exhaust mechanism an exhaust wheel (2) devoid of heels. 8