CH679854A5 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- CH679854A5 CH679854A5 CH1013/89A CH101389A CH679854A5 CH 679854 A5 CH679854 A5 CH 679854A5 CH 1013/89 A CH1013/89 A CH 1013/89A CH 101389 A CH101389 A CH 101389A CH 679854 A5 CH679854 A5 CH 679854A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- elements
- argon
- mgo
- group
- Prior art date
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 197
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 156
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- -1 ammonium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 64
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 218
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 109
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 28
- 101100219382 Caenorhabditis elegans cah-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 24
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910010069 TiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910004533 TaB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910008008 ZrCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZKEYULQFFYBZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum carbide Chemical compound [La].[C-]#[C] ZKEYULQFFYBZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ITWBWJFEJCHKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7-triazonane Chemical compound C1CNCCNCCN1 ITWBWJFEJCHKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003178 Mo2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910009369 Zn Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021354 zirconium(IV) silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101100326607 Danio rerio cahz gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001579016 Nanoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004523 TaCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910007729 Zr W Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1C(C=CS2)=C2CCN1 CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000623895 Bos taurus Mucin-15 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101000824338 Loa loa Fatty-acid and retinol-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910015269 MoCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020968 MoSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000742170 Mosia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910017315 Mo—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004337 Ti-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011209 Ti—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007998 ZrF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102220057724 rs375921240 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012982 x-ray structure analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Zr](F)(F)F OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/20—Methods for preparing sulfides or polysulfides, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/0828—Carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides of metals, boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/08—Other phosphides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/907—Oxycarbides; Sulfocarbides; Mixture of carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/921—Titanium carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/935—Carbides of alkali metals, strontium, barium or magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/949—Tungsten or molybdenum carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/06—Metal silicides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/02—Boron; Borides
- C01B35/04—Metal borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/0615—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with transition metals other than titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C01B21/0617—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with transition metals other than titanium, zirconium or hafnium with vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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Description
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Beschreibung description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf die anorganische Chemie und insbesondere betrifft sie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen und pulverförmigen metallischen Kompositionen. The present invention relates to inorganic chemistry and in particular relates to a process for the preparation of powdery high-melting inorganic compounds and powdery metallic compositions.
Die Erfindung wird in der Pulvermetallurgie zur Herstellung von Hartmetallen, hitzefesten tind gegen aggressive Mittel beständigen Werkstoffen, bei der Herstellung von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen Verwendung finden. The invention will be used in powder metallurgy for the production of hard metals, heat-resistant materials resistant to aggressive agents, in the production of ceramic composite materials.
Heutzutage ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen insbesondere von Karbiden, Boriden, Siliziden und Nitriden der Metalle der IV., V. und VI. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente (GB-B1 497 025) bekannt. Nowadays, a process for the production of high-melting inorganic compounds, in particular carbides, borides, silicides and nitrides of the metals of IV., V. and VI. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements (GB-B1 497 025) known.
Bei der Durchführung dieses Verfahrens vermischt man wenigstens eines der Oxide von Metallen der IV., V. und VI. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente, metallisches Reduktionsmittel Aluminium, Magnesium, Kalzium und Stickstoff, Kohlenstoff, Bor, Silizium. In der Reaktionszone erfolgt dann die Synthese durch Reaktion zwischen den genannten Komponenten unter Bedingungen der gerichteten Verbrennung, wobei die Reaktion durch exotherme Wechselwirkung der Komponenten im Reaktionsraum bei einem zwischen 1 und 5000 bar liegenden Druck des gasförmigen Mediums spontan abläuft. Die Verbrennungstemperatur erreicht dabei etwa 4000 bis 5000°C, so dass ein gegossenes Produkt hergestellt wird. When carrying out this process, at least one of the oxides of metals of IV., V. and VI is mixed. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, metallic reducing agent aluminum, magnesium, calcium and nitrogen, carbon, boron, silicon. The synthesis then takes place in the reaction zone by reaction between the components mentioned under conditions of directed combustion, the reaction taking place spontaneously due to exothermic interaction of the components in the reaction space at a pressure of the gaseous medium of between 1 and 5000 bar. The combustion temperature reaches about 4000 to 5000 ° C, so that a cast product is produced.
Um Hartmetalle auf der Basis von höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen herzustellen, setzt man dem angegebenen Gemisch Nickel, Kobalt, Molybdän oder Oxide derselben in einer Menge von 5 bis 20 Masse-% zu. Zwecks Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften (Hitzefestigkeit, Verschleissbeständigkeit, Härte) von Hartmetallen werden ebenfalls Legierungszusätze beispielsweise Mangan in einer Menge von 1 bis 5 Masse-% zugegeben. In order to produce hard metals on the basis of high-melting inorganic compounds, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum or oxides thereof are added to the specified mixture in an amount of 5 to 20% by mass. In order to improve the mechanical properties (heat resistance, wear resistance, hardness) of hard metals, alloy additives, for example manganese, are also added in an amount of 1 to 5% by mass.
Zum Vermeiden des Siedens von flüchtigen Komponenten des Gemisches und der Dissoziation des Endprodukts führt man die Synthese in der Gasatmosphäre unter einem Druck von 1000 bis 5000 atm durch. To avoid the boiling of volatile components of the mixture and the dissociation of the end product, the synthesis is carried out in a gas atmosphere under a pressure of 1000 to 5000 atm.
Bei der Synthese kommt es zur Bildung des Endprodukts und der Schlacke in Form von Metalloxid des Reduktionsmittels, wobei das Endprodukt und die Schlacke bei der Synthesetemperatur im flüssigen Zustand vorliegen und sich wegen unterschiedlichen spezifischen Gewichts entmischen. Nach diesem Verfahren lassen sich höchstschmelzende Verbindungen als kompakte homogene Erzeugnisse synthetisieren. Die Herstellung von Pulvern aus den kompakten Erzeugnissen ist jedoch mit den zusätzlichen Schwierigkeiten, und zwar Mahlen und Klassieren verbunden und liefert keine homogenen Pulver. During the synthesis, the end product and the slag are formed in the form of metal oxide of the reducing agent, the end product and the slag being in the liquid state at the synthesis temperature and segregating because of different specific weights. This process allows high-melting compounds to be synthesized as compact, homogeneous products. However, the production of powders from the compact products is associated with the additional difficulties of grinding and classifying and does not provide homogeneous powders.
Bekannt ist ein Verfahren zur Synthese von höchstschmelzenden Stoffen, und zwar Nitriden der Metalle aus der III. bis IV. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente (US-A 4 459 363), das im Vermischen von Natriumazid mit metallischem Kalzium oder Magnesium und stöchiometrisch gewähltem Oxid von Seltenerdmetallen, Metallen der III. bis IV. Gruppe oder ihren Mischungen besteht. Das zubereitete Gemisch erhitzt man auf eine Entzündungstemperatur, wodurch das Gemisch, indem es sich selbst unterhält, so lange brennt, bis ein höchstschmelzender Nitridverbund entsteht. A method is known for the synthesis of high-melting substances, namely nitrides of metals from III. to IV. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements (US-A 4 459 363), which in mixing sodium azide with metallic calcium or magnesium and stoichiometrically selected oxide of rare earth metals, metals of III. to group IV or their mixtures. The prepared mixture is heated to an ignition temperature, whereby the mixture, while maintaining itself, burns until a highly melting nitride compound is formed.
Da eine der Komponenten des Ausgangsgemisches Azid ist, macht das Verfahren unmöglich, pulver-förmige Verbindungen von höchstschmelzenden Metallen ausser Nitride herzustellen. Aber selbst bei der Synthese von Nitriden der Metalle aus der III. bis IV. Gruppe gestattet dieses Verfahren keine grosstechnische Herstellung wegen Brand- und Explosionsgefahr zu organisieren, weil der Synthese-prozess von der Bildung des gasförmigen Natriums in einer Menge von 7,5 I je 1 Mol MeN begleitet wird. Bei der Synthese von Nichtmetallnitriden beispielsweise Siliziumnitrid kann ausserdem die Umsetzung von Nitrid bei hohen Temperaturen der selbständig ablaufenden Hochtemperatursynthese und relativ geringen Drücken von Stickstoff unvollständig erreicht werden, weil das Siliziumnitrid dissoziiert. Since one of the components of the starting mixture is azide, the process makes it impossible to produce powdery compounds from high-melting metals other than nitrides. But even in the synthesis of nitrides of metals from III. to IV. Group, this process does not allow large-scale production to be organized because of the risk of fire and explosion, because the synthesis process is accompanied by the formation of gaseous sodium in an amount of 7.5 I per 1 mol of MeN. In the synthesis of non-metal nitrides, for example silicon nitride, the conversion of nitride can also be incompletely achieved at high temperatures of the independently running high-temperature synthesis and relatively low pressures of nitrogen, because the silicon nitride dissociates.
Bekannt ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von höchstschmelzenden Karbiden, Boriden, Siliziden, Sulfiden und Nitriden der Metalle aus der IV. bis VI. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente (US-A 3 726 643). Das Verfahren besteht darin, dass man Pulver von Metallen der IV. bis VI. Gruppe und von Nichtmetallen C, B, Si, S und N als Ausgangsbestandteile vermischt. Das zubereitete Gemisch wird von der Wärmequelle, und zwar Wolframdraht, Chromnickeldraht mit einem Zündgemisch angezündet, und danach erfolgt die selbständig ablaufende Hochtemperatursynthese in der Inertgasatmosphäre. Das hergestellte Produkt stellt ein Konglomerat von gesinterten Grobkörnern mit unterschiedlicher Grösse dar, was die weitere Verwendung des Produkts erschwert, weil es das zusätzliche Mahlen und Klassieren erfordert. A method is also known for producing high-melting carbides, borides, silicides, sulfides and nitrides of the metals from IV. To VI. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements (US-A 3 726 643). The process consists of powdering metals from IV. To VI. Group and mixed of non-metals C, B, Si, S and N as starting components. The prepared mixture is ignited by the heat source, namely tungsten wire, chromium nickel wire with an ignition mixture, and then the high-temperature synthesis takes place independently in the inert gas atmosphere. The product produced is a conglomerate of sintered coarse grains of different sizes, which makes further use of the product difficult because it requires additional grinding and classification.
Nach diesem Verfahren kann man ausserdem höchstschmelzende Verbindungen von Elementen der I., II., III. und VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente nicht synthetisieren, weil die Umsetzung von Elementen der aufgezählten Gruppen mit B, Si, C und N ein niedrigthermischer Prozess ist, so dass die selbständig ablaufende Hochtemperatursynthese entweder nicht oder unvollständig verwirklicht wird. This process can also be used to melt components of elements I., II., III. and VIII. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements do not synthesize, because the reaction of elements of the listed groups with B, Si, C and N is a low-thermal process, so that the independent high-temperature synthesis is either not or only incompletely realized.
Die heute bekannten Verfahren zur Herstellung von höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen und metallischen Mischkörpern, d.h. pulverförmigen metallischen Kompositionen gestatten also nicht, feindisperse Pulver, die hinsichtlich der chemischen und Phasenzusammensetzung homogen sind, zu synthetisieren. Feindisperse Pulver stellt man zurzeit aus gröberen Pulvern oder Sinterzeugen von The processes known today for producing high-melting inorganic compounds and metallic mixing bodies, i.e. Powdery metallic compositions therefore do not allow the synthesis of finely dispersed powders which are homogeneous with regard to the chemical and phase composition. Finely dispersed powders are currently made from coarser powders or sintered products from
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höchstschmelzenden Stoffen her, indem man sie mit Kugelmühlen mahlt. Der Mahlgang ist sehr langwierig, und dadurch, dass viele höchstschmelzende Stoffe abschleifend wirken, kommt es zur Verunreinigung der Pulver durch Werkstoffe, aus denen die Mühlen bestehen. Da Ausgangsstoffe korngrössen-inhomogen sind, bleibt auch das gemahlene Pulver ebenfalls genügend inhomogen. Die Teilchengrösse der hergestellten Verbindungen nach dem Mahlen schwankt zwischen Mikrometerbrüchen und 5 bis 10 um. Dadurch werden die physikalisch-mechanischen und Betriebseigenschaften von aus zerkleinertem Pulver hergestellten Erzeugnissen verschlechtert. high-melting substances by grinding them with ball mills. The grinding process is very lengthy, and because many high-melting substances have an abrasive effect, the powders are contaminated by the materials from which the mills are made. Since raw materials are inhomogeneous in terms of grain size, the ground powder also remains sufficiently inhomogeneous. The particle size of the compounds produced after grinding varies between micrometer breaks and 5 to 10 µm. As a result, the physical-mechanical and operational properties of products made from comminuted powder are deteriorated.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils der Ansprüche 1 und 2 gelöst. This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claims 1 and 2.
Dank der beanspruchten Erfindung kann man feinkörnige Pulver (0,1 bis 10,0 um) gewinnen, welche eine homogene Phasen- und Kornzusammensetzung aufweisen. Es gelingt ausserdem jetzt pulverförmige höchstschmelzende anorganische Verbindungen und metallische Mischkörper von Elementen der I. bis VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems herzustellen. Thanks to the claimed invention, fine-grained powders (0.1 to 10.0 µm) can be obtained which have a homogeneous phase and grain composition. In addition, it is now possible to produce powdery, high-melting inorganic compounds and metallic mixed bodies of elements of the I to VIII groups of the periodic table.
Nach der beanspruchten Erfindung ist zweckmässigerweise eine Charge zu verwenden, die aus einem Gemisch von 12,00 bis 80,95 Masse-% wenigstens eines Elements der I. bis VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente und/oder wenigstens eines Oxids und/oder wenigstens eines Halogenids von Elementen der I. bis VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems; 0,05 bis 31,50 Masse-% Stickstoff und/oder Kohlenstoff und/oder Bor und/oder Silizium und/oder Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Oxiden eines beliebigen der genannten Elemente und/oder Halogeniden eines beliebigen der genannten Elemente und/oder organischen Verbindungen eines beliebigen ier genannten Elemente; 19,0 bis 56,5 Masse-% wenigstens eines Metalls der I. bis III. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente und/oder wenigstens eines Hydrids dieser Metalle und aus Zusätzen in einer Menge von 1 bis 25% bezogen auf die Masse des Gemisches besteht, die Oxide von Metallen der II. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente und/oder Alkalimetallhalogenide und/oder Ammoniumhalogenid und/oder Polystyrol und/oder Polyäthylen und/oder Harnstoff enthält, wobei ein Stoff nur einmal in der obigen Zusammensetzung eingesetzt wird. According to the claimed invention, it is expedient to use a batch which consists of a mixture of 12.00 to 80.95% by mass of at least one element from group I to VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements and / or at least one oxide and / or at least a halide of elements of group I to VIII of the periodic table; 0.05 to 31.50% by mass of nitrogen and / or carbon and / or boron and / or silicon and / or sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or oxides of any of the elements and / or halides of any of the elements and / or organic compounds of any of the above elements; 19.0 to 56.5 mass% of at least one metal of I. to III. Group of the periodic table of the elements and / or at least one hydride of these metals and of additives in an amount of 1 to 25% based on the mass of the mixture, the oxides of metals of group II of the periodic table of the elements and / or alkali metal halides and / or contains ammonium halide and / or polystyrene and / or polyethylene and / or urea, a substance being used only once in the above composition.
Um das Endprodukt mit einer homogenen Kornzusammensetzung herzustellen und die Teilchengrösse der herstellbaren pulverförmigen Verbindungen und Mischkörper zu vermindern, ist es nach der beanspruchten Erfindung zweckmässig, dass die Charge als Zusätze Oxide von Metallen der II. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente in einer Menge von 5 bis 25%, bezogen auf die Masse des erwähnten Gemisches, und/oder 1 bis 5%, bezogen auf die Masse des erwähnten Gemisches der Alkalimetalhaloge-nide, und/oder Ammoniumhalogenide und/oder Polystyrol und/oder Polyäthylen und/oder Harnstoff, bezogen auf die Masse des erwähnten Gemisches, enthält. In order to produce the end product with a homogeneous grain composition and to reduce the particle size of the powdery compounds and mixing bodies that can be produced, it is expedient according to the claimed invention that the batch as additives contains oxides of metals from group II of the periodic table of the elements in an amount of 5 to 25%, based on the mass of the mixture mentioned, and / or 1 to 5%, based on the mass of the mixture of alkali metal halides, and / or ammonium halides and / or polystyrene and / or polyethylene and / or urea, based on the mass of the mixture mentioned.
Zwecks Herstellung einer höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindung mit homogenen 2 bis 5 um grossen Teilchen ist es nach der beanspruchten Erfindung zweckmässig, eine Charge zu benutzen, welche aus einem Gemisch von 56,0 Masse-% Titandioxid, 8,3 Masse-% Kohlenstoff, 35,7 Masse-% Magnesium und aus Zusätzen, d.h. 10,0% Magnesiumoxid und 3,0% Polystyrol, bezogen auf die Masse des Gemisches, besteht, und das Isolieren des Endprodukts durch Behandlung des Syntheseprodukts mit einer Salzsäurelösung durchzuführen. In order to produce a high-melting inorganic compound with homogeneous particles of 2 to 5 µm in size, it is expedient according to the claimed invention to use a batch which consists of a mixture of 56.0% by mass of titanium dioxide, 8.3% by mass of carbon, 35, 7% by mass of magnesium and from additives, ie 10.0% magnesium oxide and 3.0% polystyrene, based on the mass of the mixture, and isolating the end product by treating the synthesis product with a hydrochloric acid solution.
Zur Herstellung eines metallischen Mischkörpers von elementarem Titan und Nickel mit einer Teilchengrösse von 2,0 bis 5,0 um ist es erfindungsgemäss zweckmässig, eine Charge, bestehend aus einem Gemisch von 26,50 Masse-% Titandioxid, 25,50 Masse-%, Nickeloxid, 26,50 Masse-% Kalzium, 21,45 Masse-% Zink, 0,05 Masse-% Russ, und Zusatz, d.h. 24,0% Kalziumoxid, bezogen auf die Masse des Gemisches, zu verwenden und das Isolieren des Endprodukts durch Behandlung des Syntheseprodukts mit einer Schwefelsäurelösung durchzuführen. In order to produce a metallic mixing body of elemental titanium and nickel with a particle size of 2.0 to 5.0 μm, it is expedient according to the invention to prepare a batch consisting of a mixture of 26.50% by mass of titanium dioxide, 25.50% by mass, Nickel oxide, 26.50 mass% calcium, 21.45 mass% zinc, 0.05 mass% carbon black, and additive, ie Use 24.0% calcium oxide, based on the mass of the mixture, and isolate the end product by treating the synthesis product with a sulfuric acid solution.
Andere Ziele und Vorteile der beanspruchten Erfindung sind aus der nachfolgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen und metallischen Mischkörpern und der Ausführungsbeispiele für dieses Verfahren ersichtlich. Other objects and advantages of the claimed invention are evident from the following detailed description of the method for producing powdery high-melting inorganic compounds and metallic mixing bodies and the exemplary embodiments for this method.
Als Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen und metallischen Mischkörpern kommen nach der beanspruchten Erfindung folgende in Frage: According to the claimed invention, the following are suitable as starting components for the production of powdery high-melting inorganic compounds and metallic mixing bodies:
I. einzeln oder in Verbindung miteinander genommene Elemente der I. bis VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente, ihre Oxide, ihre Halogenide, beispielsweise Pulver von elementarem Titan mit Pulver von elementarem Wolfram, Pulver von elementarem Wolfram mit Wolframoxid und -chlorid, Puiver von elementarem Titan mit Pulver von elementarem Wolfram und Wolframchlorid, Titanoxid mit Wolframoxid. I. individually or in combination elements of the I. to VIII. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, their oxides, their halides, for example powder of elemental titanium with powder of elementary tungsten, powder of elementary tungsten with tungsten oxide and chloride, powder from elemental titanium with powder of elemental tungsten and tungsten chloride, titanium oxide with tungsten oxide.
Das Mischungsverhältnis für die angegebenen Verbindungen hängt von den Anforderungen (hinsichtlich der chemischen und Phasenzusammensetzung), welche an das Endprodukt gestellt werden, ab und beträgt bekanntlich 0 bis 1. The mixing ratio for the specified compounds depends on the requirements (with regard to the chemical and phase composition) which are placed on the end product and is known to be 0 to 1.
II. einzeln oder in Verbindung miteinander genommene Elemente der I. bis III. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente und ihre Hydride, zum Beispiel Pulver von metallischem Magnesium, Gemisch des Pulvers von metallischem Kalzium mit Kalziumhydrid in einem beliebigen Verhältnis, Gemisch der Metallpulver von Lithium, Kalzium und Aluminium in einem beliebigen Verhältnis, Gemisch der Metallpulver von Lithium, Aluminium mit Magnesiumhydrid in einem beliebigen Verhältnis, welches von dem hergestellten Endprodukt abhängt. II. Elements of I. to III taken individually or in combination. Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements and their hydrides, for example powder of metallic magnesium, mixture of powder of metallic calcium with calcium hydride in any ratio, mixture of metal powder of lithium, calcium and aluminum in any ratio, mixture of metal powder of lithium, aluminum with magnesium hydride in any ratio, which depends on the end product produced.
Iii. einzeln oder in Verbindung miteinander genommene Stickstoff, Kohlenstoff, Bor, Silizium, Schwe- Iii. nitrogen, carbon, boron, silicon, sulfur, individually or in combination
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fei, Phosphor, ihre Oxide, ihre Halogenide sowie ihre organischen Verbindungen wie Stickstoff, Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff, Kohlenstoff und Bor, Kohlenstoff und Boroxid, Borchlorid und Polyäthylen, Silizium mit Siliziumoxid und Siliziumchlorid. Das Mischungsverhältnis für die angegebenen Verbindungen hängt von den Anforderungen, welche an das Endprodukt gestellt werden, ab. Fei, phosphorus, their oxides, their halides and their organic compounds such as nitrogen, nitrogen and carbon, carbon and boron, carbon and boron oxide, boron chloride and polyethylene, silicon with silicon oxide and silicon chloride. The mixing ratio for the specified compounds depends on the requirements placed on the end product.
Die Ausgangscharge für die Synthese des Endprodukts wird durch Vermischen dieser drei oben angegebenen Komponenten gewonnen. Der beanspruchten Erfindung gemäss werden 12,00 bis 80,95 Masse-% Komponente (I), 19 bis 56,5 Masse-% Komponente (II) und 0,05 bis 31,5 Masse-% Komponente (III) gewählt. The starting batch for the synthesis of the final product is obtained by mixing these three components listed above. According to the claimed invention, 12.00 to 80.95 mass% of component (I), 19 to 56.5 mass% of component (II) and 0.05 to 31.5 mass% of component (III) are selected.
Enthält die Charge die Komponente (l) in einer unter 12,0 Masse-% liegenden Menge, so wird das optimale Verhältnis zwischen Reaktionsteilnehmern gestört, was den Verbrennungstemperaturanstieg (Synthesetemperaturanstieg) und die Störung der Homogenität der Phasen- und Kornzusammensetzung des Endprodukts bewirkt. If the batch contains component (l) in an amount below 12.0% by mass, the optimum ratio between reactants is disturbed, which causes the rise in combustion temperature (rise in synthesis temperature) and the disturbance in the homogeneity of the phase and grain composition of the end product.
Enthält die Charge die Komponente (I) in einer 80,95 Masse-% übersteigenden Menge, so kommt es zum Überschuss an dieser Komponente, der sich als Ballast am Verbrennungsprozess beteiligt, was zum Stillstand der Ausbreitung der Verbrennungsfront (der Synthese) über den ganzen Reaktionsraum führt, dabei wird die Phasen- und Kornhomogenität des Endprodukts gestört. If the batch contains component (I) in an amount exceeding 80.95 mass%, there is an excess of this component, which participates as ballast in the combustion process, which stops the spread of the combustion front (the synthesis) over the whole Reaction space leads, the phase and grain homogeneity of the end product is disturbed.
Liegt der Gehalt der Charge an der Komponente (II) unter 19,0 Masse-%, so bleibt der Überschuss an der Komponente (I) in Syntheseprodukten nichtumgesetzt erhalten und es kommt zur Störung der Korn-und Phasenhomogenität des Endprodukts. If the content of component (II) in the batch is below 19.0% by mass, the excess of component (I) remains unreacted in synthesis products and the grain and phase homogeneity of the end product is disturbed.
Übersteigt der Gehalt der Charge an der Komponente (II) 56,5 Masse-%, so erfolgt im Laufe der Synthese eine intensive Verdampfung des Überschusses dieser Komponente, was ebenfalls die Störung der Korn- und Phasenhomogenität des Endprodukts bewirkt. If the content of component (II) in the batch exceeds 56.5% by mass, the excess of this component is intensively evaporated in the course of the synthesis, which likewise disturbs the grain and phase homogeneity of the end product.
Der Gehalt der Charge an der Komponente (III) richtet sich nach dem Gehalt an den Komponenten (I) und (II). The content of the batch in component (III) depends on the content in components (I) and (II).
Erfindungsgemäss werden der Charge, hergestellt durch Vermischen von Komponenten (I), (II) und (III), Zusätze, und zwar 5 bis 25% Oxide von Metallen der II. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente, bezogen auf die Masse der hergestellten Mischung, und/oder 1 bis 5% Alkalimetallhalogenide und/oder Ammoniumhalogenid und/oder Polystyrol und/oder Polyäthylen und/oder Harnstoff, bezogen auf die Masse der hergestellten Mischung zugegeben. According to the invention, the batch produced by mixing components (I), (II) and (III), additives, namely 5 to 25% oxides of metals of group II of the Periodic Table of the Elements, based on the mass of the mixture produced, and / or 1 to 5% of alkali metal halides and / or ammonium halide and / or polystyrene and / or polyethylene and / or urea, based on the mass of the mixture prepared.
Das Einmischen von Zusätzen als Oxide von Metallen der II. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente macht es möglich, die Synthesetemperatur zu senken, weil diese Oxide nicht zerfallen, das Endprodukt nicht verunreinigen und die Kristallisation des Endprodukts unter milden Bedingungen erfolgt, wodurch ein homogenes feindisperses Pulver hergestellt werden kann. Zum Erreichen der Korngrös-sen- und Strukturhomogenität sind die angegebenen Oxide aus Alkalimetalloxiden gewählt, wodurch ihre Identität mit den Oxiden der Komponente (II) erreicht wird sowie das Endprodukt von diesen Oxiden ausreichend leicht gereinigt werden kann. Mit einem unter 5 Masse-% liegenden Gehalt an diesen Oxiden wird eine bedeutende Temperatursenkung für die erforderlichen Kristallisationsbedingungen während der Synthese nicht erzielt. Der Einsatz der genannten Oxide in einer 25 Masse-% übersteigenden Menge führt zur Senkung der Verbrennungstemperatur, was die Störung der Homogenität des hersteilbaren pulverförmigen Produkts bewirkt. Mixing additives as oxides of metals of group II of the Periodic Table of the Elements makes it possible to lower the synthesis temperature because these oxides do not disintegrate, do not contaminate the end product and the crystallization of the end product takes place under mild conditions, resulting in a homogeneous, finely dispersed powder can be manufactured. To achieve the grain size and structural homogeneity, the specified oxides are selected from alkali metal oxides, whereby their identity with the oxides of component (II) is achieved and the end product can be cleaned from these oxides sufficiently easily. With a content of these oxides of less than 5 mass%, a significant temperature reduction for the necessary crystallization conditions during the synthesis is not achieved. The use of the oxides mentioned in an amount exceeding 25% by mass leads to a lowering of the combustion temperature, which causes a disturbance in the homogeneity of the powdery product which can be produced.
Setzt man der angegebenen Mischung der Komponenten (I), (II) und (III) Alkalimetallhalogenide und/ oder Ammoniumhalogenid und/oder Polystyrol und/oder Polyäthylen und/oder Harnstoff zusätzlich zu, so kommt es zum Synthesetemperaturabfall wegen Zersetzung derselben im Laufe der Synthese, wodurch ein Ergebnis gewonnen werden kann, welches dem beim Zusetzen der Oxide von Metallen der II. Gruppe in die genannte Mischung gewonnenen ähnelt. Die Menge von zusätzlich zugegebenen Alkalime-tallhalogeniden oder Ammoniumhalogenid oder Polystyrol oder Polyäthylen oder Harnstoff ist der Menge von eingesetzen Oxiden der Metalle der II. Gruppe anzupassen. Die Entwicklung einer grossen Menge gasförmiger Produkte durch Zersetzung der erwähnten Stoffe ruft die Verfeinerung des Endprodukts unmittelbar im Verbrennungsfrontgebiet (Synthesegebiet) durch Gasdruckwirkung hervor. Der sich zersetzende Zusatz enthält ausserdem Elemente, welche zur vollständigen Umwandlung des Endprodukts erforderlich sind, d.h. Kohlenstoff im Bestand des Polymers zur Herstellung von Karbiden, Stickstoff des Harnstoffs zur Herstellung von Nitriden. Durch Zugabe von Alkalimetallhalogeniden oder Ammoniumhalogenid kann man die Synthesetemperatur ohne Verunreinigung des Endprodukts herabsetzen, weil die entstandenen gasförmigen Produkte leichtflüchtig sind. Der Einsatz des sich zersetzenden Zusatzes in einer Menge von weniger als 1 Masse-% reicht nicht aus, weil die Bildung einer hinreichenden Gasmenge nicht gesichert wird. Falls der Gehalt an dem sich zersetzenden Zusatz 5 Masse-% übersteigt, kommt es zur Synthesetemperatursenkung und Homogenitätsstörung des Endprodukts. If the specified mixture of components (I), (II) and (III) alkali metal halides and / or ammonium halide and / or polystyrene and / or polyethylene and / or urea is additionally added, the synthesis temperature drops due to decomposition thereof in the course of the synthesis , whereby a result can be obtained which is similar to that obtained when the oxides of metals of group II are added to the mixture mentioned. The amount of additionally added alkali metal halides or ammonium halide or polystyrene or polyethylene or urea is to be adjusted to the amount of oxides used in the metals of group II. The development of a large amount of gaseous products through the decomposition of the substances mentioned causes the refinement of the end product directly in the combustion front area (synthesis area) by the action of gas pressure. The decomposing additive also contains elements which are necessary for the complete conversion of the end product, i.e. Carbon in the inventory of the polymer for the production of carbides, nitrogen of the urea for the production of nitrides. By adding alkali metal halides or ammonium halide, the synthesis temperature can be reduced without contaminating the end product because the resulting gaseous products are volatile. The use of the decomposing additive in an amount of less than 1% by mass is not sufficient because the formation of a sufficient amount of gas is not ensured. If the content of the decomposing additive exceeds 5% by mass, the synthesis temperature is reduced and the homogeneity of the end product is disturbed.
Die dadurch zubereitete Charge wird danach in einen Reaktor, dessen Aufbau weit bekannt ist, eingebracht, wo die selbständig ablaufende Hochtemperatursynthese gesichert wird. The batch prepared in this way is then introduced into a reactor, the structure of which is widely known, where the independently operating high-temperature synthesis is secured.
Mit einer beispielsweise Wolframspirale, angeschlossen an eine Stromquelle mit 50 bis 60 V Spannung und 5 bis 20 A Stromstärke wird die Entzündung der oberen Schicht der Charge gestartet. Des weiteren erfolgt die Herstellung des Endprodukts unter Bedingungen der selbständig ablaufenden Hochtempera-tursynthese. With a tungsten coil, for example, connected to a power source with a voltage of 50 to 60 V and a current of 5 to 20 A, the ignition of the upper layer of the batch is started. In addition, the end product is manufactured under the conditions of independently operating high-temperature synthesis.
Das synthetisierte Produkt enthält Beimengungen von Nebenverbrennungsprodukten (Verbindungen The synthesized product contains admixtures of by-products (compounds
4 4th
5 5
10 10th
15 15
20 20th
25 25th
30 30th
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
55 55
60 60
65 65
CH 679 854 A5 CH 679 854 A5
der Komponente II). Zwecks Reinigung des Endprodukts von diesen Beimengungen behandelt man das Syntheseprodukt in Mineralsäurelösungen wie Salz- und Schwefelsäurelösungen. Nach der Säurebe-handlung wird das Endprodukt bei einer zwischen 100 und 150° liegenden Temperatur innerhalb von 4 bis 5 Stunden getrocknet. component II). In order to purify the end product from these additives, the synthetic product is treated in mineral acid solutions such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solutions. After the acid treatment, the end product is dried at a temperature between 100 and 150 ° within 4 to 5 hours.
Das hergestellte Produkt ist eine pulverförmige phasen- und korngrössenhomogene Substanz mit einer Teilchengrösse von 0,1 bis 10,0 um. Das hergestellte pulverförmige Produkt ist nach seiner Morphologie von den ähnlichen nach anderen Verfahren gewonnenen Produkten leicht zu unterscheiden. The product produced is a pulverulent phase and grain size homogeneous substance with a particle size of 0.1 to 10.0 µm. The morphology of the product in powder form is easily distinguishable from that of similar products obtained by other processes.
Das herstellbare Produkt lässt sich nach den Verfahren der chemischen Analyse, Röntgenografie und Röntgenstrukturanalyse untersuchen. The product that can be produced can be examined using the methods of chemical analysis, x-ray photography and x-ray structure analysis.
Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren kann man ein pulverförmiges Produkt mit den angegebenen Eigenschaften herstellen, indem man als Ausgangskomponenten verfügbare und billigere Rohstoffe, und zwar Oxide und Halogenide statt bisher unter Synthesebedingungen verwendbarer teurer und schwer zugänglicher Metallpulver einsetzt. According to the process according to the invention, a powdery product with the stated properties can be produced by using available and cheaper raw materials as starting components, namely oxides and halides instead of expensive and difficult to obtain metal powders which were previously usable under synthesis conditions.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren macht es ausserdem möglich, Verbindungen der I. bis VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems der Elemente beispielsweise Borkarbid,Wolframkarbid herzustellen, welche wegen geringer Wärmeabgabe bei der Umsetzung von elementaren metallischen und nichtmetallischen Ausgangskomponenten unter Bedingungen der selbständig ablaufenden Hochtemperatursynthese früher nicht gewonnen werden konnten. The process according to the invention also makes it possible to prepare compounds from groups I to VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, for example boron carbide, tungsten carbide, which previously could not be obtained due to the low heat emission in the implementation of elementary metallic and non-metallic starting components under the conditions of the independent high-temperature synthesis .
Beispiel 1 example 1
Man nimmt 56 Masse-% Titandioxidpulver, 35,7 Masse-% Magnesiumpulver, 8,3 Masse-% Kohlenstoff als Russ, beschickt die Pulver in eine aus nichtrostendem Stahl bestehende Trommel und rührt innerhalb von 5 Stunden um. Dann werden in die Trommel 10 Masse-% Magnesiumoxidpulver und 3 Masse-% Polystyrolpulver aufgegeben. Die Pulver werden zusätzlich vermischt und in einen Reaktor eingebracht, die Charge wird beim Beschicken eingestampft. Der Reaktor wird abgedeckt, 2- bis 3mal mit einem Inertgas geblasen, dann mit Argon aufgefüllt, hermetisch abgedichtet, wonach die Charge mit einer Wolframspirale, angeschlossen an eine Stromquelle mit etwa 50 bis 60 V Spannung und 5 bis 20 A Stromstärke, örtlich entzündet wird. Die Verbrennungstemperatur der Charge erreicht dabei 2300°C. Nach der vollendeten Verbrennung der Charge lässt man den Reaktor mit dem darin vorhandenen Endprodukt auf 18°C abkühlen. Das Produkt wird aus dem Reaktor ausgetragen und in einer Salzsäureiösung behandelt. Das isolierte Pulver ist ein Titankarbid (TiC) mit gleichartigen dunkelgrauen Teilchen, deren Grösse zwischen 2 und 5 jim liegt. Das Produkt ist einphasig und hat ein kubisches Raumgitter von NaCI-Typ. 56% by mass of titanium dioxide powder, 35.7% by mass of magnesium powder, 8.3% by mass of carbon as carbon black are charged, the powders are charged into a drum made of stainless steel and stirred within 5 hours. Then 10 mass% magnesium oxide powder and 3 mass% polystyrene powder are added to the drum. The powders are additionally mixed and introduced into a reactor, and the batch is rammed in during loading. The reactor is covered, blown 2-3 times with an inert gas, then filled with argon, hermetically sealed, after which the charge is ignited locally with a tungsten coil connected to a power source with a voltage of approximately 50 to 60 V and a current of 5 to 20 A . The combustion temperature of the batch reaches 2300 ° C. After the combustion of the batch is complete, the reactor with the end product present is allowed to cool to 18 ° C. The product is discharged from the reactor and treated in a hydrochloric acid solution. The isolated powder is a titanium carbide (TiC) with similar dark gray particles, the size of which is between 2 and 5 µm. The product is single-phase and has a cubic NaCI-type space lattice.
Das hergestellte Titankarbid kann als Ausgangspulver zur Herstellung von Hartmetallen und Schleifpasten ohne vorherige Aufbereitung (Zerkleinern, Klassieren) dienen. The titanium carbide produced can be used as a starting powder for the production of hard metals and abrasive pastes without prior processing (crushing, classifying).
Ausser dem vorstehend ausführlich beschriebenen Beispiel 1 wurden weitere 145 Experimente angestellt, deren Durchführungsbedingungen teilweise dem Beispiel 1 entsprechen, in denen aber die physikalisch-chemischen Bedingungen der Durchführung der Synthese geändert wurden, nämlich die Temperaturverhältnisse, der Druck, die Zusammensetzungen des Gemisches und manche andere, wie dies in der Tabelle 1 gezeigt wird. In addition to Example 1 described in detail above, a further 145 experiments were carried out, the operating conditions of which partially correspond to Example 1, but in which the physicochemical conditions for carrying out the synthesis were changed, namely the temperature conditions, the pressure, the compositions of the mixture and some others as shown in Table 1.
5 5
o> o o> o
Ol tri Ol tri
Ol O Ol O
à à
4*. 0 4 *. 0
CO CO Ol 0 CO CO Ol 0
ro ro
Ol Oil
M 0 M 0
Ol mX Ol mX
O O
cn cn
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen höchstschmelzenden anorganischen Verbindungen und metallischen Mischkörpem Process for the production of powdery high-melting inorganic compounds and metallic mixing bodies
Nr. No.
Das hergestellte Produkt The manufactured product
Mischungsverhältnis der Charge Mixing ratio of the batch
Art und Menge des Zusatzes wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender Zusatz, Zusatz, in Masse-% in Masse-% Type and amount of additive heat-resistant decomposing additive, additive, in mass% in mass%
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Mediums inat Medium inat
Verfahrenstemperatur °C Process temperature ° C
Formel der Verbindung Formula of the compound
Körnungsbereich Grain range
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
1. 1.
TiC TiC
TïOa TïOa
Mg Mg
C C.
55,9 55.9
35,68 35.68
8,42 8.42
MgO MgO
4,6 4.6
Polyäthylen 2,8 Polyethylene 2.8
Argon argon
1,0 1.0
2400 2400
TiCo,97 TiCo, 97
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
2. 2nd
TiC TiC
TIO2 TIO2
Mg Mg
C C.
55,9 35,8 8,3 55.9 35.8 8.3
MgO MgO
25,0 25.0
Polyäthylen Polyethylene
Argon argon
0,5 0.5
2000 2000
TiCo.96 TiCo.96
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
3. 3rd
TiC TiC
TIO2 TIO2
Mg Mg
C C.
56,0 35,7 8,3 56.0 35.7 8.3
CaO CaO
16,0 16.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
10 10th
2000 2000
TICo.95 TICo.95
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
4. 4th
TiC TiC
TIO2 TIO2
Mg Mg
C C.
55,9 35,7 8,4 55.9 35.7 8.4
CaO CaO
20,3 20.3
Polyäthylen Polyethylene
Helium helium
100 100
1800 1800
TICO,9 TICO, 9
2-10 2-10
5. 5.
TiC TiC
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
C C.
56,2 35,5 8,3 56.2 35.5 8.3
MgO MgO
2,9 2.9
Polyäthylen 0,5 Polyethylene 0.5
Helium helium
50 50
2500 2500
TiCo.95 TiCo.95
1,0-6,0 1.0-6.0
6. 6.
TiC TiC
TiOa Mg Ca C TiOa Mg Ca C
51,2 51.2
15.5 15.5
25.6 7,7 25.6 7.7
MgO MgO
18 18th
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
200 200
2200 2200
TiCo,93 TiCo, 93
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
7. 7.
TiC TiC
TÌO2 Mg Ca C TÌO2 Mg Ca C
51,2 51.2
15.5 15.5
25.6 7,7 25.6 7.7
CaO CaO
20,5 20.5
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
50 50
2100 2100
TICo.97 TICo.97
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
8. 8th.
TiC TiC
TIO2 Mg Ca C TIO2 Mg Ca C
51,2 51.2
15.5 15.5
25.6 7,7 25.6 7.7
CaO MgO CaO MgO
20 5 20 5
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
150 150
2200 2200
TiCo.97 TiCo.97
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
4 4th
g 81 g 81
Ol o Ol o
cri cri
A A
0 0
CO CO cn 0 CO CO cn 0
ro ro
Ol Oil
IV) O IV) O
cn cn
O O
Ol Oil
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. Das hergestellte Produkt No. The manufactured product
Mischungsverhältnis der Charge Mixing ratio of the batch
Art und Menge des Zusatzes wärmebestäncSger sich zersetzender Zusatz, Zusatz, in Masse-% In Masse-% Type and amount of additive heat resistant decomposing additive, additive, in mass% in mass%
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Mediums inat Medium inat
Verfahrenstemperatur °C Process temperature ° C
Formel der Verbindung Formula of the compound
Körnungsbereich Grain range
1 2 1 2
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
9. TiC 9. TiC
TÌO2 TÌO2
Ca Approx
C C.
46,6 46,5 6,9 46.6 46.5 6.9
MgO CaO MgO CaO
20 10 20 10
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
500 500
2400 2400
TiCo.96 TiCo.96
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
10. TiC 10. TiC
TIO2 TIO2
Ca Approx
C C.
46,6 46,5 6,9 46.6 46.5 6.9
CaO CaO
20 20th
Polystyrol 1,0 Polystyrene 1.0
Argon argon
1000 1000
2500 2500
TiCo.97 TiCo.97
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
11. HC 11. HC
TiOs TiOs
Ca Approx
C C.
54,6 36,5 8,9 54.6 36.5 8.9
MgO MgO
20 20th
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
50 50
2300 2300
TiCo.96 TiCo.96
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
12. TIC 12. TIC
TÌO2 Mg CaH2 C TÌO2 Mg CaH2 C
54,6 54.6
16.6 16.6
23.7 5,1 23.7 5.1
CaO CaO
15 15
Polystyrol 5,0 Polystyrene 5.0
Argon argon
30 30th
2100 2100
TiCo.92 TiCo.92
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
13. TIC 13. TIC
TiOa Mg Cahte C TiOa Mg Cahte C
54,6 54.6
16.6 16.6
23.7 5,1 23.7 5.1
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5 5
15,0 15.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
40 40
2200 2200
TiCo.97 TiCo.97
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
14. TIC 14. TIC
TÌO2 Mg CaH2 C TÌO2 Mg CaH2 C
54,6 54.6
16.6 16.6
22.7 6,1 22.7 6.1
MgO MgO
20,0 20.0
Polyäthylen 1,0 Polyethylene 1.0
Argon argon
70 70
2300 2300
TiCo.95 TiCo.95
0,1-5,0 0.1-5.0
15. TiCN 15. TiCN
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
C C.
59,5 36,1 4,4 59.5 36.1 4.4
MgO MgO
5,0 5.0
CH4ON2 2,2 CH4ON2 2.2
Stickstoff nitrogen
90 90
2500 2500
TiCo.5No.45 TiCo.5No.45
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
16. TiCN 16. TiCN
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
C C.
59,5 36,1 4,4 59.5 36.1 4.4
MgO MgO
15 15
KCl 2,0 KCl 2.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
60 60
2200 2200
TiCo.47No.42 TiCo.47No.42
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
17. TiCN 17. TiCN
T1O2 T1O2
Mg Mg
C C.
59,5 36,1 4,4 59.5 36.1 4.4
MgO MgO
7,0 7.0
CH4ON2 2,0 CH4ON2 2.0
Ammoniak ammonia
75 75
1800 1800
TiCo.49No.48 TiCo.49No.48
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
AAcoGJforo-i-i.rri oiouiouiocno01 AAcoGJforo-i-i.rri oiouiouiocno01
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das hergestellte Produkt The manufactured product
Mischungsverhältnis der Charge Mixing ratio of the batch
Art und Menge des Zusatzes wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender Zusatz, Zusatz, in Masse-% in Masse-% Type and amount of additive heat-resistant decomposing additive, additive, in mass% in mass%
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Mediums inat Medium inat
Verfahrenstemperatur °C Process temperature ° C
Formel der Verbindung Formula of the compound
Körnungsbereich Grain range
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
18. 18th
TiCN TiCN
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
C C.
59,5 36,1 4,4 59.5 36.1 4.4
MgO MgO
5,0 5.0
KCl 3,0 KCl 3.0
Ammoniak ammonia
30 30th
1900 1900
nCo.49No.45 nCo.49No.45
0,1-5,0 0.1-5.0
19. 19th
TiCn TiCn
TlCfe Mg CaHa C TlCfe Mg CaHa C
52.5 16,0 52.5 16.0
27.6 3,9 27.6 3.9
MgO MgO
10,0 10.0
KCl 4,0 KCl 4.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
30 30th
1900 1900
TICo,47No,47 TICo, 47No, 47
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
20. 20th
TiCN TiCN
TÌO2 Mg CaH2 C TÌO2 Mg CaH2 C
52.5 16,0 52.5 16.0
27.6 3,9 27.6 3.9
MgO MgO
8,0 8.0
CH4ON24,0 CH4ON24.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
25 25th
1800 1800
TiC0.5N0.42 TiC0.5N0.42
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
21. 21st
TiCN TiCN
TIO2 Mg CaH2 C TIO2 Mg CaH2 C
52.5 16,0 52.5 16.0
27.6 3,9 27.6 3.9
CaO CaO
10,0 10.0
KCl 4,0 KCl 4.0
Ammoniak ammonia
30 30th
1900 1900
TiCo.sNo.45 TiCo.sNo.45
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
22. 22.
TiCN TiCN
TiCfe Mg CaH2 C TiCfe Mg CaH2 C
52.5 16,0 52.5 16.0
27.6 3,9 27.6 3.9
CaO CaO
5,0 5.0
CH4ON2 4,0 CH4ON2 4.0
Ammoniak ammonia
70 70
2000 2000
TiCo.4flNo.45 TiCo.4flNo.45
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
23. 23.
TÌC-TIB2 TÌC-TIB2
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
49.7 15,1 49.7 15.1
24.8 3,7 6,7 24.8 3.7 6.7
MgO CaO MgO CaO
15,0 2,0 15.0 2.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
150 150
2400 2400
TiC-TiB2 TiC-TiB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
24. 24th
TÌC-TIB2 TÌC-TIB2
TiCfe TiCfe
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
49.7 15,1 49.7 15.1
24.8 3,7 6,7 24.8 3.7 6.7
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
100 100
2500 2500
TiC-TiB2 TiC-TiB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Ç * f Ç * f
4 4th
O» <£ o en O »<£ o en
Ol Oil
0 0
à à
è è
30 35 30 35
N> Ol N> Ol
10 10th
O O
_x Ol _x Ol
O O
Ol Oil
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. Das hergestellte Produkt No. The manufactured product
Mischungsverhältnis der Charge Mixing ratio of the batch
Art und Menge des Zusatzes wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender Zusatz, Zusatz, in Masse-% In Masse-% Type and amount of additive heat-resistant decomposing additive, additive, in mass% in mass%
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Mediums inat Medium inat
Verfahrenstemperatur °C Process temperature ° C
Formel der Verbindung Formula of the compound
Körnungsbereich Grain range
1 2 1 2
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
25. TÌC-TIB2 25. TÌC-TIB2
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
49.7 15,1 49.7 15.1
24.8 3,7 6,7 24.8 3.7 6.7
CaO CaO
10,0 10.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
200 200
2300 2300
TiC-TiB2 TiC-TiB2
0,1-5,0 0.1-5.0
26. TÌC-TÌB2 26. TÌC-TÌB2
TIO2 TIO2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
52.7 15,1 . 52.7 15.1.
24.8 3,7 3,7 24.8 3.7 3.7
MgO MgO
10,0 10.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
50 50
2400 2400
TiC-TiB2 TiC-TiB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
27. TiC-SiC 27. TiC-SiC
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
Si Si
C C.
40,7 12,4 20,4 14,3 12,2 40.7 12.4 20.4 14.3 12.2
MgO CaO MgO CaO
15,0 2,0 15.0 2.0
Polyäthylen Polyethylene
Argon argon
30 30th
1900 1900
TiC-SiC TiC-SiC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
28. TiC-SIC 28. TiC SIC
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
Si Si
C C.
40,7 12,4 20,4 14,3 12,2 40.7 12.4 20.4 14.3 12.2
MgO CaO MgO CaO
15,0 5,0 15.0 5.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
50 50
1900 1900
TiC-SiC TiC-SiC
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
29. TiC-SiC 29. TiC-SiC
T!02 T! 02
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
Si Si
C C.
40,7 12,4 20,4 14,3 12,2 40.7 12.4 20.4 14.3 12.2
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 2,0 10.0 2.0
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
70 70
2000 2000
TiC-SiC TiC-SiC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
30. TI5SÌ3 30. TI5SÌ3
Ti02 Si02 Mg Ca Ti02 Si02 Mg Approx
39.5 17,7 19,2 39.5 17.7 19.2
23.6 23.6
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 10,0 10.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
90 90
1900 1900
TI5-SÌ3 TI5-SÌ3
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
0> O 0> O
01 en 01 en
Ol o Ol o
ÜI ÜI
4* O 4 * O
CO CO
en co o en co o
N) CI N) CI
ro o ro o
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das hergestellte Produkt The manufactured product
Mischungsverhältnis der Charge Mixing ratio of the batch
Art und Menge des Zusatzes wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender Zusatz, Zusatz, in Masse-% In Masse-% Type and amount of additive heat-resistant decomposing additive, additive, in mass% in mass%
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Mediums inat Medium inat
Verfahrenstemperatur °C Process temperature ° C
Formel der Verbindung Formula of the compound
Körnungsbereich Grain range
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
31. 31
TiC-SiC TiC-SiC
TIO2 TIO2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
Si Si
C C.
40,7 12,4 20,4 14,3 12,2 40.7 12.4 20.4 14.3 12.2
MgO CaO MgO CaO
2,0 20,0 2.0 20.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
200 200
2000 2000
TiC-SiC TiC-SiC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
32. 32.
TÌ5SI3 TÌ5SI3
TI02 SÌO2 Mg Ca TI02 SÌO2 Mg Approx
39.5 17,7 19,2 39.5 17.7 19.2
23.6 23.6
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
100 100
1900 1900
TÌ5-SÌ3 TÌ5-SÌ3
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
33. 33.
ZrC ZrC
ZrO2 CaH2 C ZrO2 CaH2 C
55,9 38,7 5,4 55.9 38.7 5.4
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
50 50
1850 1850
ZrCo.97 ZrCo.97
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
34. 34.
ZrC ZrC
Zr02 CaH2 C Zr02 CaH2 C
55,9 38,7 5,4 55.9 38.7 5.4
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
70 70
1900 1900
ZrCo,96 ZrCo, 96
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
35. 35.
ZrC ZrC
Zr02 CaH2 C Zr02 CaH2 C
55,9 38,7 5,4 55.9 38.7 5.4
MgO MgO
16,0 16.0
Polyäthylen Polyethylene
Argon argon
70 70
1900 1900
ZrCo,97 ZrCo, 97
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
36. 36.
ZrC ZrC
Zr02 CaH2 C Zr02 CaH2 C
55,9 38,7 5,4 55.9 38.7 5.4
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 10,0 10.0 10.0
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
70 70
1900 1900
ZrCo,9B ZrCo, 9B
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
37. 37.
ZrCN ZrCN
Z1O2 Mg CaH2 C Z1O2 Mg CaH2 C
63,1 63.1
12.4 12.4
21.5 3,0 21.5 3.0
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 10,0 10.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
110 110
2200 2200
ZrCo.49No.46 0,1-2,0 ZrCo.49No.46 0.1-2.0
38. 38.
ZrCN ZrCN
Zr02 Mg CaH2 C Zr02 Mg CaH2 C
63,1 63.1
12.4 12.4
21.5 3,0 21.5 3.0
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
150 150
2100 2100
ZrCo.48No.45 0,1-2,0 ZrCo.48No.45 0.1-2.0
55 55
i 60 i 60
Ol o Ol o
& &
è è
30 35 30 35
IO Ol IO Ol
IO O IO O
Ol Oil
O O
* *
Ol Oil
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das hergestellte Produkt The manufactured product
Mischungsverhältnis der Charge Mixing ratio of the batch
Art und Menge des Zusatzes wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender Zusatz, Zusatz, in Masse-% in Masse-% Type and amount of additive heat-resistant decomposing additive, additive, in mass% in mass%
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Mediums inat Medium inat
Verfahrenstemperatur °C Process temperature ° C
Formel der Verbindung Formula of the compound
Körnungsbereich Grain range
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
39. 39.
ZrCN ZrCN
Zr02 Mg CaH2 C Zr02 Mg CaH2 C
63,1 63.1
12.4 12.4
21.5 3,0 21.5 3.0
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 5,0 5.0 5.0
Polystyrol 5,0 Polystyrene 5.0
Ammoniak ammonia
120 120
1900 1900
ZrC0.49N0.47 ZrC0.49N0.47
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
40. 40.
ZrCN ZrCN
ZrC>2 Mg CaH2 C ZrC> 2 Mg CaH2 C
63,1 63.1
12.4 12.4
21.5 3,0 21.5 3.0
MgO MgO
20,0 20.0
CH4ON24,0 CH4ON24.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
70 70
2000 2000
ZrCo.47No.48 ZrCo.47No.48
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
41. 41.
ZrCN ZrCN
Zr02 Mg CaHz C Zr02 Mg CaHz C
63,1 63.1
12.4 12.4
21.5 3,0 21.5 3.0
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 10,0 5.0 10.0
KCl 2,0 KCl 2.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
90 90
1900 1900
ZrCo.48No.47 ZrCo.48No.47
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
42. 42.
ZrCN ZrCN
Zr02 Mg CaH2 C Zr02 Mg CaH2 C
63,1 63.1
12.4 12.4
21.5 3,0 21.5 3.0
CaO CaO
18 18th
KCl 1,0 KCl 1.0
Ammoniak ammonia
110 110
1800 1800
ZrCo.49No.46 ZrCo.49No.46
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
43. 43.
ZrC-ZrBz ZrC-ZrBz
ZrCte Mg Ca C ZrCte Mg Ca C
60,3 60.3
11,9 11.9
19,6 19.6
2,9 2.9
5,3 5.3
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
200 200
2400 2400
ZrC-ZrB2 ZrC-ZrB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
44. 44.
ZrC-ZrEfc ZrC-ZrEfc
ZrCte ZrCte
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
60,3 60.3
11,9 11.9
19,6 19.6
2,9 2.9
5,3 5.3
CaO CaO
20,0 20.0
Polyäthylen 2,5 Polyethylene 2.5
Argon argon
300 300
2400 2400
ZrC-ZrBj» ZrC-ZrBj »
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
0> O 0> O
Ol Ol Ol Ol
Ol o Ol o
Ol Oil
4* O 4 * O
CO Ol CO Ol
CO o CO or
IV) Ol IV) Ol
IO OK
o O
Ol Oil
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält- Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Kömungs Kömungs
stellte Pro nls der Charge wärmebeständiger eich zersetzender made pro nls of the batch more heat-resistant and decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
In Masse-% In mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
45. 45.
ZrC-ZrB2 ZrC-ZrB2
ZrOa ZrOa
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
60,3 60.3
11,9 11.9
19,6 19.6
2,9 2.9
5,3 5.3
CaO CaO
20,0 20.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
300 300
2400 2400
ZrC-ZrB2 ZrC-ZrB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
46. 46.
ZrC-ZrB2 ZrC-ZrB2
ZrQ2 ZrQ2
Mg Mg
Ca Approx
C C.
B B
60,3 60.3
11,9 11.9
19,6 19.6
2,9 2.9
5,3 5.3
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
80 80
2300 2300
ZrC-ZrB2 ZrC-ZrB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
47. 47.
ZrC-SIC ZrC-SIC
Zr02 Mg SI C Zr02 Mg SI C
55,0 ■ 21,8 12,5 10,7 55.0 ■ 21.8 12.5 10.7
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 10,0 10.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
700 700
2200 2200
ZrC-SIC ZrC-SIC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
48. 48.
ZrC-SiC ZrC-SiC
Zr02 Mg Sl C Zr02 Mg Sl C
55,0 21,8 12,5 10,7 55.0 21.8 12.5 10.7
MgO MgO
20,0 20.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
900 900
2300 2300
ZrC-SiC ZrC-SiC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
49. 49.
ZrC-SiC ZrC-SiC
Zr02 Mg Sl C Zr02 Mg Sl C
55,0 21,8 12,5 10,7 55.0 21.8 12.5 10.7
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
1000 1000
2200 2200
ZrC-SiC ZrC-SiC
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
50. 50.
ZrC-SiC ZrC-SiC
Zr02 Mg Sl C Zr02 Mg Sl C
55,0 21,8 12,5 10,7 55.0 21.8 12.5 10.7
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 5,0 Polystyrene 5.0
Argon argon
800 800
2100 2100
ZrC-SiC ZrC-SiC
0,1-5,0 0.1-5.0
51. 51.
ZrC-SIC ZrC-SIC
Zr02 Mg Si C Zr02 Mg Si C
55,0 21,8 12,5 10,7 55.0 21.8 12.5 10.7
CaO MgO CaO MgO
10,0 5,0 10.0 5.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
1000 1000
2200 2200
ZrC-SIC ZrC-SIC
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
gSgfcèggKg gSgfcèggKg
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs- Grain
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung berelch Connection berelch
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
In Masse-% In mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
52. 52.
ZrB2 ZrB2
ZrOz CaH2 B ZrOz CaH2 B
52,9 36,9 10,2 52.9 36.9 10.2
MgO MgO
16,4 16.4
NaC116,4 NaC116.4
Argon argon
200 200
1850 1850
ZrB2 ZrB2
3,0-10 3.0-10
53. 53.
ZrBj> ZrBj>
Zr02 CaH2 B Zr02 CaH2 B
52,9 36,9 10,2 52.9 36.9 10.2
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
NaCI 2,0 NaCI 2.0
Argon argon
180 180
1800 1800
ZrBa ZrBa
0,1-3,5 0.1-3.5
54. 54.
ZrB2 ZrB2
Zr02 CaH2 B Zr02 CaH2 B
52,9 36,9 10,2 52.9 36.9 10.2
CaO MgO CaO MgO
10,0 10,0 10.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
200 200
1850 1850
ZtBz ZtBz
0,1-3,5 0.1-3.5
55. 55.
ZrSÌ2 ZrSÌ2
Zr02 Zr02
MgH2 MgH2
SiOs SiOs
30,8 39,1 30,1 30.8 39.1 30.1
CaO CaO
8,7 8.7
Polystyrol 8,7 Polystyrene 8.7
Argon argon
100 100
2300 2300
ZrSi2 ZrSi2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
56. 56.
ZrSi2 ZrSi2
ZrOz ZrOz
MgH2 MgH2
SI02 SI02
30,8 39,1 30,1 30.8 39.1 30.1
CaO MgO CaO MgO
5,0 15,0 5.0 15.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
50 50
2200 2200
ZrSI2 ZrSI2
1,0-5,0 1.0-5.0
57. 57.
ZrSfe ZrSfe
ZrCte ZrCte
MgH2 MgH2
SÌO2 SÌO2
30,8 39,1 30,1 30.8 39.1 30.1
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
NaCI 5,0 NaCI 5.0
Argon argon
50 50
2100 2100
ZrSi2 ZrSi2
1,0-3,0 1.0-3.0
58. 58.
ZrSl2 ZrSl2
Zr02 Zr02
MgHs MgHs
SÌ02 SÌ02
30,8 39,1 30,1 30.8 39.1 30.1
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
NaCI 4,0 NaCI 4.0
Argon argon
90 90
2200 2200
ZrSÌ2 ZrSÌ2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
59. 59.
CaBs CaBs
CaO CaO
Mg Mg
B203 B203
12,0 56,5 31,5 12.0 56.5 31.5
MgO MgO
12,8 12.8
Polyäthylen 1,7 Polyethylene 1.7
Argon argon
50 50
1750 1750
CaBe CaBe
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
60. 60.
CaBe CaBe
CaO CaO
Mg Mg
B203 B203
12,0 56,5 31,5 12.0 56.5 31.5
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 2,5 Polystyrene 2.5
Argon argon
40 40
1700 1700
CaBe CaBe
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs Grain size
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
61. 61.
CaBs CaBs
CaO CaO
Mg Mg
B2O3 B2O3
11,0 47,4 41,6 11.0 47.4 41.6
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 5,0 5.0 5.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
50 50
1750 1750
CaBe CaBe
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
62. 62.
LaBe LaBe
LaCIa B LaCIa B
Ca Approx
65,0 16,0 19,0 65.0 16.0 19.0
MgO MgO
8,7 8.7
Polystyrol 4,3 Polystyrene 4.3
Argon argon
50 50
1750 1750
LaBe LaBe
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
63. 63.
LaBe LaBe
LaCIs B LaCIs B
Ca Approx
65,0 16,0 19,0 65.0 16.0 19.0
MgO MgO
15,0 • 15.0 •
Polyäthylen 4,0 Polyethylene 4.0
Argon argon
40 40
1700 1700
LaBe LaBe
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
64. 64.
LaBe LaBe
LaCIs B LaCIs B
Ca Approx
65,0 16,0 19,0 65.0 16.0 19.0
CaO CaO
12,0 12.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
50 50
1750 1750
LaBe LaBe
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
65. 65.
LaBe LaBe
LaCI3 B LaCI3 B
Ca Approx
65,0 16,0 19,0 65.0 16.0 19.0
CaO MgO CaO MgO
5,0 10,0 5.0 10.0
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
70 70
1750 1750
LaBe LaBe
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
66. 66
TaC TaC
Ta20s Ta20s
Mg Mg
C C.
75,4 20,6 4,0 75.4 20.6 4.0
MgO MgO
12,0 12.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
90 90
2000 2000
TaC TaC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
67. 67.
TaC TaC
TaaOs TaaOs
Mg Mg
C C.
75,4 20,6 4,0 75.4 20.6 4.0
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 2,5 Polyethylene 2.5
Argon argon
70 70
1900 1900
TaC TaC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
68. 68.
TaC TaC
TaaOs TaaOs
Mg Mg
C C.
75,4 20,6 4,0 75.4 20.6 4.0
CaO MgO CaO MgO
5,0 10,5 5.0 10.5
Polystyrol 1,5 Polystyrene 1.5
Argon argon
100 100
2000 2000
TaC TaC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
69. 69.
TaC TaC
TaaOs TaaOs
Mg Mg
C C.
75,4 20,6 4,0 75.4 20.6 4.0
CaO CaO
14,0 14.0
Polystyrol 2,5 Polystyrene 2.5
Argon argon
100 100
1900 1900
TaC TaC
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs Grain size
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
70. 70.
TaEte TaEte
TaaOs TaaOs
Ca Approx
B2O3 B2O3
43,0 43,0 14,0 43.0 43.0 14.0
MgO MgO
8,7 8.7
NäCI 4,3 NACI 4.3
Argon argon
70 70
2200 2200
TaB2 TaB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
71. 71.
TaEfc TaEfc
Ta2Û5 Ta2Û5
Ca Approx
B2O3 B2O3
43,0 43,0 14,0 43.0 43.0 14.0
MgO MgO
14,0 14.0
NaCI 4,0 NaCI 4.0
Argon argon
50 50
2000 2000
TaB2 TaB2
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
72. 72.
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
Ta20s B2O3 C Mg Ta20s B2O3 C Mg
69,0 9,7 2,3 19,0 69.0 9.7 2.3 19.0
MgO MgO
11,5 11.5
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
50 50
1900 1900
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
73. 73.
TaC-TaEte TaC-TaEte
Ta20s B2Q3 C Mg Ta20s B2Q3 C Mg
69,0 9,7 2,3 19,0 69.0 9.7 2.3 19.0
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 10,0 5.0 10.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argort Argort
50 50
1900 1900
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
74. 74.
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
Ta2Ü5 B2O3 C Mg Ta2Ü5 B2O3 C Mg
69,0 9,7 2,3 19,0 69.0 9.7 2.3 19.0
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 4,0 Polyethylene 4.0
Argon argon
40 40
1800 1800
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
75. 75.
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
TaaOs B2O3 C Mg TaaOs B2O3 C Mg
74,0 11,8 2,0 12,2 74.0 11.8 2.0 12.2
CaO CaO
15,5 15.5
Polyäthylen 3,5 Polyethylene 3.5
Argon argon
40 40
1800 1800
TaC-TaB2 TaC-TaB2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
76. 76.
TaCN TaCN
TaaOö TaaOö
Ca Approx
C C.
67,5 30,7 1,8 67.5 30.7 1.8
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
KCl 3,0 KCl 3.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
70 70
2000 2000
Tao.48No.46 Tao.48No.46
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
77. 77.
TaCN TaCN
Ta2Û5 Ta2Û5
67,5 67.5
CaO CaO
5,0 5.0
CH4ON2 3,0 CH4ON2 3.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
50 50
1900 1900
TaC0.49N0.46 0,1-2,0 TaC0.49N0.46 0.1-2.0
Ca Approx
30,7 30.7
MgO MgO
5,0 5.0
C C.
1,8 1.8
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr, No,
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Kömungs Kömungs
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
In Masse-% In mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
78. 78.
TaCN TaCN
TaaOs TaaOs
Ca Approx
C C.
67,5 30,7 1,8 67.5 30.7 1.8
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
CH4ON2 2,0 CH4ON2 2.0
Ammoniak ammonia
50 50
1800 1800
TaCo.49No.46 TaCo.49No.46
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
79. 79.
TaCN TaCN
Ta205 Ta205
Ca Approx
C C.
67,5 30,7 1,8 67.5 30.7 1.8
CaO CaO
14,0 14.0
KCl 2,5 KCl 2.5
Hydrazin Hydrazine
70 70
1900 1900
TaC0.49N0.47 TaC0.49N0.47
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
80. 80.
TaCN TaCN
TaaOs TaaOs
Ca Approx
C C.
67,5 30,7 1,8 67.5 30.7 1.8
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
KCl 1,5 KCl 1.5
Hydrazin Hydrazine
50 50
1800 1800
TaCo.4BNo.47 TaCo.4BNo.47
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
81. 81.
TaO-SIC TaO-SIC
Ta205 Ta205
CaH2 CaH2
Mg Mg
Sl Sl
C C.
62.8 62.8
11.9 10,5 8,0 6,8 11.9 10.5 8.0 6.8
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
90 90
2100 2100
TaC-SiC TaC-SiC
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
82. 82.
TaC-SIC TaC-SIC
TaaOs TaaOs
CaH2 CaH2
Mg Mg
Sl Sl
C C.
62.8 62.8
11.9 10,5 8,0 6,8 11.9 10.5 8.0 6.8
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
80 80
2050 2050
TaC—SiC TaC — SiC
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
83. 83.
TaC-SIC TaC-SIC
Ta20$ Ta20 $
CaH2 CaH2
Mg Mg
Si Si
C C.
62.8 62.8
11.9 10,5 8,0 6,8 11.9 10.5 8.0 6.8
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
80 80
2050 2050
TaC-SiC TaC-SiC
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
84. 84.
TaC-SiC TaC-SiC
T8205 T8205
CaH2 CaH2
Mg Mg
Si Si
C C.
62.8 62.8
11.9 10,5 8,0 6,8 11.9 10.5 8.0 6.8
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
70 70
2000 2000
TaC-SiC TaC-SiC
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
çgcjij>.£uçoK>ro uiouioöioaio çgcjij>. £ uçoK> ro uiouioöioaio
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs- Grain
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
85. 85.
M0SÌ2 M0SÌ2
M0Q3 M0Q3
SIO2 SIO2
Mg Mg
33,3 27,7 39,0 33.3 27.7 39.0
MgO MgO
19,2 19.2
Polyäthylen 3,8 Polyethylene 3.8
Argon argon
90 90
2100 2100
M0SÌ2 M0SÌ2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
86. 86.
MoSi2 MoSi2
M0O3 M0O3
SÌO2 SÌO2
Mg Mg
33,3 27,7 39,0 33.3 27.7 39.0
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
80 80
2100 2100
M0SÌ2 M0SÌ2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
87. 87.
MoSia MoSia
M0O3 M0O3
SÌO2 SÌO2
Mg Mg
33,3 27,7 39,0 33.3 27.7 39.0
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 5,0 Polyethylene 5.0
Argon argon
70 70
2000 2000
M0SÌ2 M0SÌ2
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
88. 88.
M0SÌ2 M0SÌ2
M0O3 M0O3
SÌO3 SÌO3
Mg Mg
33,3 27,7 39,0 33.3 27.7 39.0
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
70 70
2000 2000
M0SÌ2 M0SÌ2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
89. 89.
Cr3C2 Cr3C2
Cr203 Cr203
Ca Approx
C C.
44,5 50,8 4,7 44.5 50.8 4.7
CaO CaO
16,3 16.3
Polystyrol 2,4 Polystyrene 2.4
Argon argon
60 60
2000 2000
CisCa CisCa
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
SO. SO.
CF3C2 CF3C2
C1ÏO3 C1ÏO3
Ca Approx
C C.
44,5 50,8 4,7 44.5 50.8 4.7
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 2,5 Polystyrene 2.5
Argon argon
70 70
2000 2000
Cr3C2 Cr3C2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
91. 91.
C113C2 C113C2
Cr2C>3 Cr2C> 3
Ca Approx
C C.
44,5 50,8 4,7 44.5 50.8 4.7
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 10,0 5.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
80 80
1900 1900
CraC2 CraC2
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
92. 92.
Cr3C2 Cr3C2
Ct203 Ct203
Ca Approx
C C.
44,5 50,8 4,7 44.5 50.8 4.7
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
70 70
1900 1900
CraC2 CraC2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
93. 93.
MnB MnB
MnCfe MnCfe
Mg Mg
B2O3 B2O3
57,2 27,0 15,8 57.2 27.0 15.8
MgO MgO
5,0 5.0
NaCI 3,0 NaCI 3.0
Argon argon
70 70
1900 1900
MnB MnB
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
•ct^coeororo-i-'-tn tnoüiooTOOiO"1 • ct ^ coeororo-i -'- tn tnoüiooTOOiO "1
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs- Grain
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
In Masse-% In mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
94. 94.
MnB MnB
MnCl2 MnCl2
Mg Mg
B2O3 B2O3
57,2 27,0 15,8 57.2 27.0 15.8
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
NaCI 4,0 NaCI 4.0
Argon argon
70 70
1800 1800
MnB MnB
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
95. 95.
LaC2 LaC2
La20s La20s
Ca Approx
C C.
65,8 24,5 9,7 65.8 24.5 9.7
CaO CaO
10,0 10.0
Polyäthylen 5,0 Polyethylene 5.0
Argon argon
60 60
1800 1800
LaC2 LaC2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
96. 96.
LaC2 LaC2
La20a La20a
Ca Approx
C C.
65,8 24,5 9,7 65.8 24.5 9.7
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 4,0 Polystyrene 4.0
Argon argon
50 50
1750 1750
LaC2 LaC2
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
97. 97.
LaCa LaCa
LaaOa LaaOa
Ca Approx
C C.
65,8 24,5 9,7 65.8 24.5 9.7
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
60 60
1800 1800
LaC2 LaC2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
98. 98.
LaC2 LaC2
La2Ü3 La2Ü3
Ca C Ca C.
65,8 24,5 9,7 65.8 24.5 9.7
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 5,0 10.0 5.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
60 60
1800 1800
LaCä LaCä
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
99. 99.
W2C W2C
WO3 WO3
MgH2 MgH2
C C.
71,0 25,0 4,0 71.0 25.0 4.0
BaO BaO
19,2 19.2
Polyäthylen 3,8 Polyethylene 3.8
Argon argon
90 90
2000 2000
W2C W2C
1-5 1-5
100. 100.
W2C W2C
WO3 WO3
MgHa MgHa
C C.
71,0 25,0 4,0 71.0 25.0 4.0
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
80 80
1900 1900
W2C W2C
1-3 1-3
101. 101.
W2C W2C
WO3 WO3
MgH2 MgH2
C C.
71,0 25,0 4,0 71.0 25.0 4.0
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 4,0 Polyethylene 4.0
Argon argon
70 70
1850 1850
W2C W2C
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
102. 102.
W2C W2C
WCle Zn AI C WCle Zn AI C
68,9 20,9 9,0 1,2 68.9 20.9 9.0 1.2
CaO CaO
10,0 10.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
70 70
1950 1950
W2C W2C
0,1-4,0 0.1-4.0
V V
o> o o> o
Ol Ol Ol Ol
Ol Oil
0 0
& &
4^ 4 ^
0 0
30 35 30 35
N> cn N> cn
N> O N> O
cn cn
—1. -1.
O O
Ol Oil
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs- Grain
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
In at In at
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
103. 103.
W2C W2C
WCle WCle
68,9 68.9
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polyäthylen 4,0 Polyethylene 4.0
Argon argon
60 60
1800 1800
Wj>C Wj> C
0,1^,0 0.1 ^. 0
Zn Zn
20,9 20.9
AI AI
9,0 9.0
C C.
1,2 1.2
104. 104.
W2C W2C
WCle WCle
68,9 68.9
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polystyrol 1,5 Polystyrene 1.5
Argon argon
60 60
1800 1800
W2C W2C
0,1-4,0 0.1-4.0
Zn Zn
20,9 20.9
AI AI
9,0 9.0
C C.
1,2 1.2
105. 105.
W2C W2C
WCle WCle
68,9 68.9
CaO CaO
16,0 16.0
Polystyrol 2,0 Polystyrene 2.0
Argon argon
50 50
1750 1750
W2C W2C
0,1-4,0 0.1-4.0
Zn Zn
20,9 20.9
0 0
1 1
AI AI
9,0 9.0
o> o>
C C.
4,2 4.2
• •
-4 <0 -4 <0
106. 106.
Mo2C Mo2C
M0O3 M0O3
53,4 53.4
MgO MgO
17,5 17.5
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
5 5
2000 2000
MoaC MoaC
0,1-2,5 g 0.1-2.5 g
Mg Mg
18,1 18.1
& &
Zn Zn
24,1 24.1
& &
C C.
4,4 4.4
107. 107.
Mo2C Mo2C
M0O3 M0O3
53,4 53.4
CaO CaO
10,0 10.0
Polystyrol 1,5 Polystyrene 1.5
Argon argon
5 5
1900 1900
M02C M02C
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
Mg Mg
18,1 18.1
Mg Mg
5,0 5.0
Zn Zn
24,1 24.1
C C.
4,4 4.4
108. 108.
M02C M02C
MoOa MoOa
53,4 53.4
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,5 Polyethylene 2.5
Argon argon
10 10th
1950 1950
Mo2C Mo2C
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Mg Mg
18,1 18.1
Zn Zn
24,1 24.1
C C.
4,4 4.4
109. 109.
M0B2 M0B2
M0O3 M0O3
30,2 30.2
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 2,5 Polystyrene 2.5
Argon argon
10 10th
2100 2100
M0B2 M0B2
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
Zn Zn
41,2 41.2
Mg Mg
15,3 15.3
B2O3 B2O3
13,3 13.3
O>55oi4V^COWN)M-I->.,_ ofooiotnooiooio01 O> 55oi4V ^ COWN) M-I ->., _ Ofooiotnooiooio01
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs Grain size
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
Inat Inat
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
In Masse-% In mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
110. 110.
M0B2 M0B2
M0O3 Zn Mg B2O3 M0O3 Zn Mg B2O3
30,2 30.2
41.2 41.2
15.3 13,3 15.3 13.3
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
15 15
2100 2100
M0B2 M0B2
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
111. 111.
M0B2 M0B2
M0O3 Zn Mg B2O3 M0O3 Zn Mg B2O3
30,2 30.2
41.2 41.2
15.3 13,3 15.3 13.3
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
PoiystyroI2,0 PoiystyroI2.0
Argon argon
15 15
2000 2000
M0B2 M0B2
0,1-3,5 0.1-3.5
112. 112.
M0B2 M0B2
M0O3 Zn Mg B2O3 M0O3 Zn Mg B2O3
30,2 30.2
41.2 41.2
15.3 13,3 15.3 13.3
CaO MgO CaO MgO
10,0 10,0 10.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
20 20th
1900 1900
M0B2 M0B2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
113. 113.
F04C F04C
F82O3 F82O3
Ca Approx
C C.
54,9 41,0 4,1 54.9 41.0 4.1
MgO MgO
12,5 12.5
Polystyrol 4,2 Polystyrene 4.2
Argon argon
50 50
1900 1900
Fe4C Fe4C
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
114. 114.
F640 F640
Fe203 Fe203
Ca Approx
C C.
54,9 41,0 4,1 54.9 41.0 4.1
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
Polyäthylen 2,2 Polyethylene 2.2
Argon argon
15 15
1900 1900
Fe4C Fe4C
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
115. 115.
Fe4C Fe4C
F6203 F6203
Ca C Ca C.
54,9 41,0 4,1 54.9 41.0 4.1
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 10,0 5.0 10.0
Polyäthylen 1,5 Polyethylene 1.5
Argon argon
20 20th
1950 1950
F64C F64C
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
116. 116.
NIB NIB
NiO NiO
Mg Mg
B B
68,3 21,9 9,8 68.3 21.9 9.8
MgO MgO
17,0 17.0
Polyäthylen 3,0 Polyethylene 3.0
Argon argon
50 50
2200 2200
NiB NiB
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
117. 117.
NIB NIB
NiO NiO
Mg Mg
B B
68,3 21,9 9,8 68.3 21.9 9.8
MgO MgO
10,0 10.0
Polyäthylen 2,0 Polyethylene 2.0
Argon argon
30 30th
2100 2100
NiB NiB
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
118. 118.
NIB NIB
NIO NOK
Mg Mg
B B
68,3 21,9 9,8 68.3 21.9 9.8
CaO CaO
15,0 15.0
Polystyrol 3,0 Polystyrene 3.0
Argon argon
50 50
2200 2200
NiB NiB
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
lì lì
Olüljfc.^cocoroto-I-Ltr. Olüljfc. ^ Cocoroto-I-Ltr.
öiotnooiooiooio"1 öiotnooiooiooio "1
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs Grain size
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
inat inat
°C ° C
In Masse-% In mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
119. 119.
C0B2 C0B2
CoO CoO
Ca Approx
B2O3 B2O3
24,5 52,5 23,0 24.5 52.5 23.0
MgO MgO
16,3 16.3
Polyäthylen 2,4 Polyethylene 2.4
Argon argon
30 30th
2100 2100
C0B2 C0B2
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
120. 120.
C0B2 C0B2
CoO CoO
Ca Approx
B2O3 B2O3
24,5 52,5 23,0 24.5 52.5 23.0
MgO MgO
16,5 16.5
Polystyrol 2,5 Polystyrene 2.5
Argon argon
50 50
2100 2100
C0B2 C0B2
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
121. 121.
C0B2 C0B2
CoO CoO
Ca Approx
B2O3 B2O3
24,5 52,5 23,0 24.5 52.5 23.0
MgO CaO MgO CaO
5,0 15,0 5.0 15.0
Polyäthylen Polyethylene
Argon argon
80 80
2000 2000
C0B2 C0B2
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
122. 122.
TiN TiN
TÌO2 TÌO2
62,9 62.9
MgO MgO
8,8 8.8
CH4ON2 2,7 CH4ON2 2.7
Ammoniak ammonia
30 30th
1850 1850
TINo.93 TINo.93
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Mg Mg
37,1 37.1
123. 123.
TiN TiN
TÌO2 TÌO2
62,9 62.9
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
KCl 3,0 KCl 3.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
60 60
1950 1950
TiNo.93 TiNo.93
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Mg Mg
37,1 37.1
124. 124.
TiN TiN
TIO2 TIO2
62,9 62.9
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
KCl 3,0 KCl 3.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
90 90
2100 2100
TiNo.95 TiNo.95
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
Mg Mg
37,1 37.1
125. 125.
ZrN ZrN
Zr02 Zr02
71,0 71.0
CaO CaO
12,9 12.9
KCl 1,2 KCl 1.2
Hydrazin Hydrazine
70 70
2050 2050
ZrNo.98 ZrNo.98
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Mg Mg
29,0 29.0
126. 126.
ZrN ZrN
ZrOa ZrOa
71,0 71.0
MgO MgO
18,0 18.0
CH4ON2 2,0 CH4ON2 2.0
Ammoniak ammonia
50 50
1980 1980
ZrNo,96 ZrNo, 96
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
Mg Mg
29,0 29.0
127. 127.
ZrN ZrN
Zr02 Zr02
71,0 71.0
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
KCl 1,5 KCl 1.5
Stickstoff nitrogen
70 70
2000 2000
ZrNo,95 ZrNo, 95
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
Mg Mg
29,0 29.0
128. 128.
Nb2N Nb2N
Nb20s Nb20s
46,0 46.0
CaO CaO
10 10th
NaNOs3,0 NaNOs3.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
1000 1000
2000 2000
Nb2N Nb2N
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Ca Approx
54,0 54.0
129. 129.
NbaN NbaN
Nb20s Nb20s
46,0 46.0
MgO MgO
15,0 15.0
NaNÜ3 5,0 NaNÜ3 5.0
Ammoniak ammonia
700 700
2100 2100
Nb2N Nb2N
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
Ca Approx
54,0 54.0
130. 130.
TaN TaN
Ta2Ü5 Ta2Ü5
MgH2 CaH2 MgH2 CaH2
77,0 13,0 10,0 77.0 13.0 10.0
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 5,0 10.0 5.0
KCl 1,5 KCl 1.5
Ammoniak ammonia
80 80
2000 2000
TaN TaN
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs Grain size
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, In Masse-% Addition, in mass%
Zusatz, In Masse-% Addition, in mass%
inat inat
°C ° C
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
131. 131.
TaN TaN
Ta20s MgHa CaHz Ta20s MgHa CaHz
77,0 13,0 10,0 77.0 13.0 10.0
MgO 5,0 MgO 5.0
NaNOa 4,0 NaNOa 4.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
10 10th
2100 2100
TaN TaN
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
132. 132.
TaN TaN
TaaOs MgHa CaH2 TaaOs MgHa CaH2
77,0 13,0 10,0 77.0 13.0 10.0
CaO 20,0 CaO 20.0
CH4ON2 2,0 CH4ON2 2.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
40 40
2200 2200
TaN TaN
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
133. 133.
AIN AIN
Al203 CaHa Al203 CaHa
44,6 55,4 44.6 55.4
CaO 10,0 CaO 10.0
CH4ON2 3,7 CH4ON2 3.7
Hydrazin Hydrazine
200 200
2000 2000
AIN AIN
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
134. 134.
AIN AIN
AlaOa CaH2 AlaOa CaH2
44,6 55,4 44.6 55.4
MgO 15,0 MgO 15.0
NaNOa 2,0 NaNOa 2.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
100 100
2100 2100
AIN AIN
0,1-2,5 0.1-2.5
135. 135.
AIN AIN
Al203 CaHa Al203 CaHa
44,6 55,4 44.6 55.4
CaO 10,0 MgO 5,0 CaO 10.0 MgO 5.0
CH4ON22,0 CH4ON22.0
Stickstoff nitrogen
180 180
2200 2200
AIN AIN
0,1-2,0 0.1-2.0
136. 136.
NB NB
BaOa Mg BaOa Mg
55,0 45,0 55.0 45.0
MgO 10,0 MgO 10.0
fehlt is missing
Stickstoff nitrogen
200 200
2200 2200
NB NB
0,1-5,0 0.1-5.0
137. 137.
li2c li2c
UaC03 UaC03
Mg Mg
C C.
65,0 30,0 5,0 65.0 30.0 5.0
MgO 5,0 MgO 5.0
fehlt is missing
Argon so Argon like that
1900 1900
Ll20 Ll20
0,1-3,0 0.1-3.0
138. 138.
Tl-Ni Tl-Ni
TiOa TiOa
NIO NOK
Ca Approx
Zn Zn
C C.
26,5 26.5
35,5 35.5
26,5 26.5
21,45 21.45
0,05 0.05
CaO 24,0 CaO 24.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
20 20th
1600 1600
Ti-Ni Ti-Ni
2,0-5,0 2.0-5.0
139. 139.
Fe-Cr Fe-Cr
Fea03 Fea03
Cr203 Cr203
Mg Mg
CaHa CaHa
C C.
35,7 35.7
33,6 33.6
21,4 21.4
9,2 9.2
0,1 0.1
MgO 18,0 MgO 18.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
30 30th
1500 1500
Fe-Cr Fe-Cr
3,0-5,0 3.0-5.0
Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Table 1 (continued)
Nr. No.
Das herge The herge
Mischungsverhält Mixing ratio
Art und Menge des Zusatzes Type and amount of the addition
Medium medium
Druck des Pressure of
Verfahrens Procedure
Formel der Formula of
Körnungs Grain size
stellte Pro nis der Charge wärmebeständiger sich zersetzender made pro batches more heat-resistant decomposing
Mediums temperatur Medium temperature
Verbindung bereich Connection area
dukt dukt
Zusatz, Additive,
Zusatz, Additive,
in at in at
°C ° C
in Masse-% in mass%
in Masse-% in mass%
1 1
2 2nd
3 3rd
4 4th
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8th
9 9
10 10th
140. 140.
Fe-Co Fe-Co
F6203 F6203
CoO Mg Ca C CoO Mg Ca C
5,79 5.79
68,10 68.10
21,80 21.80
4,22 4.22
0,09 0.09
MgO MgO
22,0 22.0
fehlt is missing
Stickstoff nitrogen
10 10th
1560 1560
Fe-Co Fe-Co
1,0-3,0 1.0-3.0
141. 141.
W-Re W-Re
WO3 . Re Mg C WO3. Re Mg C
72,5 72.5
5,0 5.0
22,4 22.4
0,1 0.1
MgO MgO
25,0 25.0
Polyäthylen 1,0 Polyethylene 1.0
Argon argon
1 1
1580 1580
W-Re W-Re
1,0-3,0 1.0-3.0
142. 142.
Zr-W Zr-W
ZrF4 ZrF4
WCle WCle
AI AI
WO3 C WO3 C
47,0 36,5 15,0 1,45 0,05 47.0 36.5 15.0 1.45 0.05
MgO CaO MgO CaO
10,0 15,0 10.0 15.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
5 5
1700 1700
Zr-W Zr-W
1,0-2,0 1.0-2.0
143. 143.
Mo-Cu Mo-Cu
CaaO M0CI2 Mg C CaaO M0CI2 Mg C
35,0 45,0 19,8 0,2 35.0 45.0 19.8 0.2
MgO MgO
25,0 25.0
fehlt is missing
Argon argon
0,5 0.5
1500 1500
MoCu MoCu
2,0-5,0 2.0-5.0
144. 144.
Mg Bs Mg Bs
B2O3 Mg B2O3 Mg
46,7 53,3 46.7 53.3
MgO MgO
10 10th
Polystyrol 1,5 Polystyrene 1.5
Argon argon
15 15
1800 1800
MgBe MgBe
0,1-20 0.1-20
145. 145.
TIC ■ MoC TIC ■ MoC
Mo Mon
TÌO2 TÌO2
Mg Mg
8,8 8.8
49,5 49.5
33,7 33.7
CaO CaO
12,0 12.0
Polyäthylen 2 Polyethylene 2
Argon argon
200 200
1950 1950
TiC • MoC TiC • MoC
0,1-20 0.1-20
146. 146.
WC-TaC WC-TaC
Ta WO3 Mg C Ta WO3 Mg C
26,5 55,0 15,0 4,0 26.5 55.0 15.0 4.0
CaO CaO
18,0 18.0
Polystyrol 2,5 Polystyrene 2.5
Argon argon
30 30th
2050 2050
WC-TaC WC-TaC
1,0-2,5 1.0-2.5
5 5
10 10th
15 15
20 20th
25 25th
30 30th
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
55 55
CH679 854 A5 CH679 854 A5
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SU4390733 | 1988-03-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH679854A5 true CH679854A5 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
Family
ID=21360609
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH1013/89A CH679854A5 (en) | 1988-03-22 | 1989-03-20 |
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JP (1) | JPH01278403A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1041554A (en) |
AT (1) | ATA62189A (en) |
CH (1) | CH679854A5 (en) |
CS (1) | CS274771B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD283654A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3908715A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2629078A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2218711B (en) |
HU (1) | HUT53842A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1233763B (en) |
NL (1) | NL8900695A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8900918L (en) |
YU (1) | YU56289A (en) |
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US5932505A (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 1999-08-03 | Rutgers, The State University | Hydrofluoric acid resistant ceramic mortar |
US7794580B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-09-14 | Materials & Electrochemical Research Corp. | Thermal and electrochemical process for metal production |
JP5220353B2 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2013-06-26 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method |
RU2525174C1 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Алтайский государстенный университет" | Method of producing metal sulphide |
KR101691410B1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2017-01-02 | 주식회사 나노테크 | Method for Preparing Titanium Carbonitride Powder |
RU2697140C1 (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-08-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова Российской академии наук | Method of producing powder based on refractory compounds |
CN109775674A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-21 | 青岛瓷兴新材料有限公司 | A kind of silicon nitride magnesium raw powder's production technology |
CN113185300A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-07-30 | 兰州理工大学 | Macro-particle-size-controllable ZrB2Method for preparing powder |
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US2886454A (en) * | 1955-09-30 | 1959-05-12 | Western Carbide Corp | Process for the manufacture of metallic carbides |
US3486881A (en) * | 1967-04-10 | 1969-12-30 | Du Pont | Preparation of cobalt/tungsten carbide mixtures |
US3726643A (en) * | 1970-04-09 | 1973-04-10 | I Khim Fiz Akademii Nauk | Method of producing refractory carbides,borides,silicides,sulfides,and nitrides of metals of groups iv,v,and vi of the periodic system |
SU617485A1 (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1978-07-30 | Отделение Ордена Ленина Институт Химической Физик Ан Ссср | Method of obtaining refractory inorganic materials |
JPS5226400A (en) * | 1975-08-26 | 1977-02-26 | Nippon Shinkinzoku Kk | Process for recovering valuable metals from metallic scraps as simple carbide or as solid solution |
US4058592A (en) * | 1976-06-30 | 1977-11-15 | Union Carbide Corporation | Preparation of sub-micron metal oxide powders from chloride-containing compounds |
JPS5627441A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1981-03-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Printer unit |
GB2086423B (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1984-10-03 | Inst Khim Fiz An Sssr | Tungsten-free alloy and process for producing same |
JPS60168534A (en) * | 1984-02-13 | 1985-09-02 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | Synthesis of polishing particles |
US4834963A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-05-30 | Kennametal Inc. | Macrocrystalline tungsten monocarbide powder and process for producing |
-
1989
- 1989-03-15 SE SE8900918A patent/SE8900918L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-16 IT IT8941550A patent/IT1233763B/en active
- 1989-03-16 DE DE3908715A patent/DE3908715A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-03-17 AT AT0062189A patent/ATA62189A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-20 DD DD89326755A patent/DD283654A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-20 CH CH1013/89A patent/CH679854A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-20 YU YU00562/89A patent/YU56289A/en unknown
- 1989-03-21 GB GB8906445A patent/GB2218711B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-21 HU HU891373A patent/HUT53842A/en unknown
- 1989-03-21 NL NL8900695A patent/NL8900695A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-21 CN CN89103104A patent/CN1041554A/en active Pending
- 1989-03-22 FR FR8903774A patent/FR2629078A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-03-22 JP JP1070310A patent/JPH01278403A/en active Pending
- 1989-03-22 CS CS176289A patent/CS274771B2/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CS176289A2 (en) | 1990-10-12 |
SE8900918L (en) | 1989-09-23 |
DD283654A5 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
SE8900918D0 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
GB2218711A (en) | 1989-11-22 |
GB8906445D0 (en) | 1989-05-04 |
YU56289A (en) | 1990-12-31 |
IT1233763B (en) | 1992-04-14 |
CS274771B2 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
NL8900695A (en) | 1989-10-16 |
GB2218711B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
HUT53842A (en) | 1990-12-28 |
ATA62189A (en) | 1992-01-15 |
FR2629078A1 (en) | 1989-09-29 |
JPH01278403A (en) | 1989-11-08 |
CN1041554A (en) | 1990-04-25 |
IT8941550A0 (en) | 1989-03-16 |
DE3908715A1 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
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