CH678939A5 - - Google Patents

Description

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CH 678 939 A5

description

The invention relates to a container corner element with connection openings on the three outer sides.

The various containers - which are categorized according to ISO regulations according to size (3.04-12.16 m length) and load capacity (10, 20, 24 and 30 tons) - are used for the transport of stacked goods, bulk goods, liquids, etc.

At the 8 corner points of the container, the corner elements can be found, which enable the container to be lifted and the containers to be coupled with each other and with the means of transport in a horizontal and vertical position. The corner elements are connected in horizontal and vertical directions with supports made of rolled sheet metal or section steel. In addition to the possibility of moving, lifting and anchoring the containers, the possibility of stacking is an important factor.

According to the previously known technical solution, the corner elements are made of cast steel and the finished castings are generally only welded by hand or only mechanically welded to the horizontal and vertical supports by the container manufacturers. Checking the welds is difficult and not sufficiently safe. When containers become damaged, in addition to the breakage of the corner elements, the tearing and breaking of the weld seams that result from the defects in welding play an increasingly important role. In the case of repairs (e.g. replacing the broken corner elements), it is very difficult to maintain the original dimensions and gaps and the time and energy required are very high. Users are forced to take the defective containers out of circulation for an extended period of time.

In the "Cargo Systems" journal from October 1985, P. Hewitt reports on the tests carried out at "Sea Containers" with corner cast elements, in which the research laboratory of the Iron and Steel Co. and the Trade Association Sheffield also took part. Various measurements and tests were carried out on the cast steel corner elements from different countries around the world. The measurement results of impact work carried out at low temperatures according to Charpy are given in the following table:

Manufacturer

Impact work

(Average of 3 measurements)

Temperature PC

A

4.0 y

-40

B

7.5 y

-40

C.

14.5 y

-40

D

10.5 y

-40

A good material for corner elements must comply with the regulations of ISO 1496/1 and / or LR 1984, where the prescribed values at -40 ° C and «V» incision, using the Charpy method on a 10 x 10 mm test rod min. 34 J on 10x 7.5 mm test bar min. 28 J on 10x5 mm test stick min. 23 yrs.

The table shows that none of the manufacturers meet these requirements. It turned out that one of the shortcomings of the corner elements made of cast steel according to the current state of the art is the unsatisfactory impact work world measured at low temperatures.

In recent years, the English company Blair has developed a corner element that, with a single normalizing heat treatment at -50 ° C, achieves the impact energy value of KVmin = 21 J. However, the corner elements are usually not damaged or broken at low temperatures. According to information from old railway companies (e.g. DB from FRG, SNCF from France, BR from England), damage to the corner elements or breakage of the weld seams to the adjoining beams occur in the range of positive temperatures, etc. through rough handling, relocation or during shunting.

The material composition of the cast steel shows that its mechanical properties deteriorate in the negative temperature range, where the dynamic stress due to the rough treatment is added. Together, this leads to cracks and breaks and thus limits the container's ability to circulate.

According to measurements by the Deutsche Bundesbahn, the measured speed decrease value when braking exceeds 4 g / m / sec2, which is more than twice the planned value. That is why DB prescribes the higher values when purchasing containers.

The above data also shows that only corner elements that have been manufactured in accordance with a strictly controlled, quality-assured program may be installed in the containers.

The disadvantages of the previously known cast steel corner elements are as follows:

- steel casting technology requires special preparation with regard to specialists, technology, basic and auxiliary material, has a high energy requirement and is expensive,

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- The surface defects of the cast steel (blowholes, inclusions, cracks) emerge when machining the corner elements. Correctly correcting these errors is complicated and difficult because preheating, special welding electrodes and renewed heat treatment are necessary. The repair is then made more difficult if the defect is perceived on the finished container;

- So that the individual additions have the desired structure and mechanical properties, heat treatment is necessary, which is associated with further energy consumption;

- The cast corner elements must be machined on at least 3 sides, but in reality - because of the basic levels - on all 6 sides

- due to the casting technology, the weight of the corner elements is too high;

- The 8 corner elements required for a container can only be manufactured with four different patterns, each with its own shape and cast.

Due to the disadvantages listed, it can be seen that the production of corner elements according to the desired claims is not an easy task.

The aim of the invention was to produce such corner elements by eliminating the known disadvantages,

-which are suitable for series production in terms of material, construction and technology,

- which can be produced with little energy, do not require renewed heat treatment,

- which meet the requirements for stacking and

- whose measured impact work value at low temperatures reaches the standardized value.

The invention is based on the knowledge that all of the above-mentioned goals can be achieved if the corner elements are manufactured from an Mn-alloyed steel sheet in which the ratio Mn: C has a value between 8 and 12, which (P + S) Content is at most 0.04 percent by mass and the C content is at most 0.2 percent by mass.

The steel sheet material of such a composition is homogeneous, easy to bend (Rmin = a / 2 mm, where “a” is the material thickness), and has an impact energy value of KVmin = 21 J at -40 ° C. The corner elements made of such material have a smaller wall thickness than the cast steel, so it is expedient to attach spacer inserts on the inner sides of the connecting openings, which secure the connection to the anchoring elements.

The steel sheets forming the base material of the corner elements according to the invention are of homogeneous grain structure also perpendicular to the rolling direction and are suitable for the use of cold forming technology; have a stretch value (As) of more than 22% and excellent edge bending.

The dimensions and tolerance values of the corner elements made of such steel sheet also meet the strictest regulations (e.g. ISO 1161). Their mass is at least 10% smaller in relation to the mass of the corner elements made of cast steel, the mass spread is less than 2% compared to the planned value. The corner elements require little reworking and their exchange within the container is quick and easy. Individual phases of the production have to be mechanized at a high level, so that the robot technology can also be used, and the production with high accuracy ensures an excellent possibility of restoration.

The manufacturing technology of the corner elements is based on the simpler, energy-saving cold forming. Thus the punched sheets are cold bent and put together. The welding of the individual elements can be carried out horizontally with a welding robot using simple geometric lines, the sheet-holding point is stable and can be repeated with great accuracy even with large numbers. After the welding has been completed, no heat treatment is required for the corner elements.

Two variants of the assembly of the corner elements according to the invention from sheet metal are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6. In the second variant, the 6 sides of the corner elements are put together from two such three-sided shell elements, the 3 sides of which meet in 3 edges and in a common point. In the 1st variant, the sides of the two three-sided elements meet in 2 edges, i.e. the elements are U-shaped.

Fig. 1 shows the top view and side view and the cross section on the line D-E of the second variant of the container corner element.

Fig. 2 shows the cut of the shell element A of the second variant.

Fig. 3 shows the cut of the shell element B of the second variant.

Fig. 4 shows the shell elements A and B together with spacer inserts of the second variant. 5 shows the spacer inserts Ci, Cg, C3 and C4 of the second variant.

6 shows a corner element composed of shell elements A and B and spacer inserts according to the first variant.

The second variant of the corner element according to the invention is shown in perspective in FIG. 7 in an "exploded" form, with A and B representing the 2 shell elements, Ct, C2 and C4 the spacer inserts and the line h-h the bending edges.

The corner elements of the lower and upper levels of the container only differ in the dimensions of the

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CH 678 939 A5

openings located on their shorter side from each other, therefore the shell elements A are made with two different openings. The shell elements B are of identical design in the lower and upper container levels and are designed such that they form the corner element with the shell element Adas.

With a minor modification, the rail element A is a finished product: it can also be used as a corner element of tank containers.

The dimensions and tolerances of the corner elements shown in Figures 1-6 correspond to the regulations of IS01161 from 1984, i.e.

- Long L = 178 ± 1 mm

- Width B = 162 ± 1 mm - Height H = 118 ± 1 mm

- Mass M = 9.60 - 9.75 kg ± 2% (depending on the variant)

The corner elements are interchangeable and can even be manufactured for repair according to the measurement level.

According to the 1st variant, the corner element consists of a shell element A, which is bent from 10 mm thick sheet with Rmin = a / 2 mm inner radius to form a U-profile, and from a shell element B, which is made of 8 mm thick sheet with Rmin = a / 2 mm inner radius is bent into an L-profile. The corresponding openings can be found on the shell element A, and there is no opening on the shell element B.

The spacer inserts Ci, C2 and C4 of the corner elements located in the lower level adapt to the inner side of the openings, their position is determined using a direction finding tool. The corner elements located in the upper level have spacer inserts C2, Ca and C4 on the shell elements A.

By determining the opening dimension on the shell element A, it is decided whether the corner element gets into the upper or lower part of the container. The mirror image of the shell element can also be created by changing the bending direction or by rotating the sheet.

The parts listed are put together in the direction finder tool and, after the dimensional check, fastened with tack welds. This is followed by one-sided, continuous welding of the corner seams.

As a final phase of work, the supply slope (6 x 45 °) located on the outer side of the openings is processed.

The surface elements of the corner elements are cleaned in the finished state.

The second variant also follows the principle that the corner element consists of two shell elements and three spacer inserts. The shell elements are divided so that there is an opening on each side of the shell element A. These openings are cut out on the flat shell plate, i.e. before the bend. The rail element B has no openings. The corner elements are assembled from these two shell elements in the manner described in the first variant.

Claims (5)

Claims 1. Container corner element made of steel, with connection openings on the three outer sides, characterized in that it is made of an Mn-alloyed steel sheet in which the ratio Mn: C has a value between 8 and 12, which (P + S ) Content is at most 0.04 mass percent and the C content is at most 0.2 mass percent. 2. Container corner element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has shell elements (A and B) consisting of Mn-alloyed steel sheet and spacer inserts (Ci, Ca, Ca, C4) connected to them. 3. A process for the production of the container corner element according to claim 2, characterized in that shell elements (A, B) are produced from blanks Mn-alloyed steel sheet by cold forming and these are brought into three-dimensional shape by welding and spacer inserts (Ci, C2, Ca, C4) be inserted. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the shell elements (A, B) are produced by bending and / or pressing. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the shell elements (A, B) and the spacer inserts (Ci, C2, C3, C4) are joined together by automated welding. 4th