CH652494A5 - BULLET WITH THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a projectile of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Such a projectile is known from DE-OS 24 34 700 as a flier-10 defense projectile, in which, after being fired from a weapon barrel, a pyrotechnic charge arranged in the rear part of the projectile is ignited in order to serve as a radiation source for emitting a target tracking beam. Between this pyrotechnic charge as a heat source and the 15 explosive charge payload of the projectile as a heat sink, a thermoelectric generator consisting of thermocouples connected in series is arranged, which due to the heat gradient between the ignited pyrotechnic charge and the not yet detonated explosive 20 charge causes a thermal voltage Operation of a switching arrangement for evaluating the beacon information to trigger the ignition. A disadvantage of this configuration of the projectile for providing the electrical energy for the operation of the switching arrangement is, in particular, that a separate heat source must be provided in the projectile, which is to be ignited after the launch, and which considerably reduces the space available for the payload given the projectile dimensions; whereby additional effort for ensuring an ignition of this heat source is only required after leaving the weapon barrel in order to make the projectile intrinsically safe. This solution is justified only in such special cases, since for the operation of the projectile there must be a heat source to be put into operation after the launch but before the detonation, which heat source can then also be used for the energy generation to operate the switching arrangement, insofar as Switching arrangement does not have to be ready for operation beforehand.

In cases where such special conditions do not exist, it is known to provide a battery in the floor as an energy source for the switching arrangement. It is disadvantageous, however, that batteries have a very large weight in relation to their electrical power, i.e. they reduce the payload of the projectile under given boundary conditions, and that, due to their high internal resistance, the peak current available for triggering a detonation is comparatively low. In addition, long storage times (in accordance with the requirement for the functionality of stored storeys) without excess self-discharging batteries are very expensive, and additional equipment and financial efforts are ultimately to be driven for intrinsic safety, i.e. for the release of the battery energy to the Switch arrangement only after the projectile has exited the weapon barrel.

Furthermore, it is known to provide projectiles with piezo generators, which are activated in free flight due to the dynamic pressure in front of the projectile, that is to say after leaving the weapon barrel. However, the energy available in this way is usually not sufficient for the continuous supply of an electronic switching arrangement when the energy supplied by the piezo elements is stored in capacitors, but only for triggering an electrical detonator to initiate the detonation.

In contrast, the object of the invention is to design a projectile of the generic type in such a way that it provides the energy necessary for the operation of a complex electronic switching arrangement during the course of movement in free flight between leaving the weapon barrel and triggering the detonation and possibly also in the weapon.

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to store the pipe with a comparatively low manufacturing technology, such mass that provides high functional reliability in the area behind the wall. Guide ring in free flight a temperature gradient from the inside to

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that an external effect takes place.

Projectile of the generic type according to the characteristic

Part of claim 1 is equipped. 5 generator excitation conditions on the one hand before and

It is therefore not necessary to equip the projectile with an intrinsically safe heat source that has to be provided after leaving the pipe without additional auxiliary measures and to be ignited at a defined point in time; rather, the heat gradients from the projectile below the floor, which is used to measure the floor after measuring through a floor area that becomes sharp due to Bremen's dead zone in front of the muzzle of the weapon barrel, sen the free flight in the surrounding air and possibly "» by the generator the ignition switching arrangement then also occur when the projectile is fired, that is to say which feeds with it.

Projectile movement related negative For special projectiles that already after the inner

and positive acceleration conditions. see about 50 and 100 m combat zone be sharp and

The further-developing solution according to claim 2 is based on which the ignition energy must provide, the free flight

Recognition that in the case of projectiles with longer flights for the energy dead zone in front of the weapon barrel muzzle, the thermoelectric exit speeds may also be too great, even with very high power supply to the switching arrangement.

The most suitable generator would be the one in the storey. According to further developments of the solution according to the invention, the application is such that the free flight between leaving the storey of such areas of application to those in the course of

Gun barrel and triggering of the detonation, above the genera acceleration occurring when firing in the gun barrel

due to friction, i.e. due to deceleration and thus 20 mung dgr bullet back through the powder gases with and after, without additional heat source, setting heat gradients, separating the bullet from its cartridge to the thermal

be used. To resort to special additional measures for the electrical supply of the switching arrangement.

There is no guarantee of intrinsic safety, since the generator starts to work in the gun barrel,

the air-frictional heat only outside the weapon barrel for in order to be able to trigger the projectile and thus to excite the generator effectively even at a short distance VQr of the barrel muzzle. The thermoelectric

W1Î ~ ". ,,, Energy generation itself can then no longer be used for intrinsically safe

It can be used according to the function of the projectile in further dependent claims. Rather, the indicated advantageous modifications or further training are now based on conventional mechanical safety measures based, for example, on the guiding function, alternatively or cumulatively on various typical rifles of the weapon barrel.

Exercise heating areas on the floor to access the 3 men. These safeguards can

Generator can be used. Comparatively simple due to the function of the switching

and non-functional additional measures on the floor arrangement are supplemented by using a discriminator in the form of heat sinks or heat storage> which is due to the fact that

It is effective to ensure a favorable heat gradient> which bd exit of the projectile from the free flight period may be expedient. Such a pipe muzzle occurs, ie in an operating phase of the projectile.

preferred areas for forming the thermoelectric ses, in which the back of the floor is no longer

Generator for (intrinsically safe) electrical power supply electromic powder vapors heated, but z. B. by air vortices cooled shear switching arrangements in the floor during the floor- The thereby at the output terminals of the thermogenic

Free flights are, in particular, the transition from the storey voltage surge or polarity jump

Point to the approximately cylindrical part of the projectile or, as a sensor signal to detect the firing within

in the case of projectile formation with a spike tip, which is removed immediately before half of the switching arrangement built into the projectile

the bullet-shoulder located tip area; and other-> to be valued about; the area behind a garnet line, i.e. the storey in the tube fed by the thermogenerator,

Neighboring the strangler for cartridge attachment. Order immediately in front of the pipe mouth and thus already in

In the former case, an ignition is to be prepared soon after leaving the vicinity of the wafers.

fenrohres due to the braking air friction during the ....

entire free flight a high, depending on the floor geometry up to r Der ° ene [alT expediently ring or disc

heating up to 600 ° C or even higher. To be designed for cylindrical or cylindrical order

The temperature gradient can be guaranteed inside the! Hn separat and then in the course of the storey production

Insert a storey with regard to its heat capacity on the flight or the storey loading into the storey or time-based material can be provided as a heat sink; while being able to install between storey parts.

inadmissible heating of the hot sides of the thermocouple. Further advantages of the invention result from the following:

or Peltier material pairings of the generator can be prevented by a description of them in the drawing with the restriction to thermal shielding. In the case of the preferred embodiment, which is shown in simplified form,

Utilization of the shoulder heating in the case of projectile training 55 examples of the solution according to the invention. It shows:

with spike tip, the temperature gradient over the longitudinal Fig. 1 in side view, partially cut open, one for longer

Elongation of the spike used for the excitation of the generator. Free flight sections of a particular projectile with an attached sleeve can be used without the need for additional heat formation when the thermoelectric generator is arranged.

mesenke needed. In the case of the second alternative mentioned, the fact of a temperature gradient reversal on the storey is shown in the top of the storey.

Generator used when leaving the gun barrel, since the les of the storey switching arrangement made of a thermoelectric

that part of the floor located behind the guide ring in the pipe is a thermoelectric generator

1 with the hot powder vapors of the cartridge propellant charge,

is acted upon after leaving the gun barrel but by Fig. 3 in a modification of the circumstances acc. Fig. 1 the

Turbulence behind the guide ring is cooled. In this 65 training of the generator in the area of the transition from

Solution variant according to the invention, therefore, is only required for the cylindrical part of the projectile,

4, the generator arrangement according to FIG. 3 according to the fenrohres in the rear area of the projectile interior in sectional view arrows IV-IV in FIG. 3,

652 494

5 is a generator training in the rear part of the floor behind its guide ring,

6 shows a modified generator design for a projectile with a spike tip,

7, based on the installation conditions according to FIG. 5, a generator in a projectile which must be ready to ignite even within the so-called inner combat zone,

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of the thermocouple pairs according to the sectional arrow Vili-VIII in Fig. 7 and

Fig. 9 in a modification of the circumstances according. Fig. 2 shows a switching function also taking over fuse functions for a thermal generator acc. Fig. 7 / Fig. 8, which feeds the switching arrangement during the projectile launch in the barrel.

Fig. 1 shows a side view, partially broken away, a projectile 1 with a sleeve 2 for receiving a cartridge propellant charge 3. In the rear area of its cylinder jacket 4, the projectile 1 is surrounded by a guide ring 5, which due to interaction with the train in the Inner jacket surface of a gun barrel (not shown in the drawing) provides the shot projectile 1 with the garnet twist required for the directional stability.

Behind the guide ring 5, at least one peripheral circumferential gag groove 6 is formed in the cylinder jacket 4 of the projectile 1, which is used for the positive and non-positive fastening of the front region of the sleeve 2 to the projectile 1, if, as in the illustrated example, it is a one-piece in the projectile to be entered is the gun barrel; in the other case, the projectile is formed in two parts from the projectile 1 and the sleeve 2 without the mutual fastening shown.

The interior of the storey 1 essentially houses a payload space 7, in particular for receiving ignition and explosive material. A switching arrangement 8 is accommodated in the front, conically tapering area of the projectile 1, which is used in particular to provide or convert electrical energy for the processing of signals from sensors for determining the ignition timing and the triggering of the ignition. For the generation of this electrical energy, a thermal generator 9 is arranged in the area of the projectile tip 10. In front of the generator 9, thermally stable, good heat-conducting reinforcing material 11 can be arranged, in which, for example, sensors for triggering ignition can also be arranged. A heat sink 12 of high heat capacity is arranged behind the generator 9, based on the longitudinal axis 22 and the direction of flight of the projectile 1. It can be, for example, a container made of poorly heat-conducting material, which is filled with a liquid, e.g. distilled water.

After the projectile 1 has been fired, when it has separated from the sleeve 2 and has left the weapon barrel, heat builds up due to the air resistance in the free flight of the projectile 1 in front of the projectile tip 10, which is transferred to the hot side 13 via the reinforcing material 11 (see FIG. 2) of the generator 9 is transmitted, the cold side 14 of which bears against the heat sink 12. The generator 9 itself essentially consists of a compressed mass of heat-resistant material, which maintains the temperature gradient above the generator 9 as well as possible (e.g., commercially available hardenable casting ceramic), in the element pairs 16, for the implementation of the temperature gradient (between the hot and cold side 13/14) are embedded in an electrical voltage according to the Peltier or Seebek effect. The generator element pairs 16 are - at least partially, as shown in FIG. 2 - connected in series in order to be able to tap the thermal voltage between two output connections 17. This thermal voltage can operate the components of the electrical switching arrangement 8 with the interposition of a voltage multiplier 47, which is already starting at low excitation voltages, or directly on circuit parts 18

are given. In order to be able to make do with small operating voltages in these circuit parts, for example connected operational amplifiers, it is expedient to equip the series connection of the element pairs 16 with a center tap 19 which is connected to the reference potential connection 20 of the circuit parts 18, which require a bipolar voltage supply.

The amount of heat passing through the generator 9 from the tip 10 or from the reinforcing material 11 is absorbed by the heat sink 12, so that the cold side 14 of the thermal generator 9 does not heat up appreciably during the operating period, i.e. the temperature gradient for the generation of the thermal voltage in essentially maintained. It is particularly expedient to design the element pairs 16 as Peltier elements in the pressed material 15 of the generator 9, since these have a particularly high heat transfer resistance and thereby delay the heating of the heat sink 12 serving as a thermal counterweight, which results in the space-saving installation of a spatially small heat sink 12 enables. In addition, Peltier elements themselves are already spatially small element pairs 16, which make an open circuit voltage of the order of magnitude of 0.5 V achievable even with a moderate temperature difference of the order of about 150 ° Celsius. Critical overheating of the Peltier elements as the element pairs 16 can be easily excluded in terms of design by selecting the reinforcing material 11 in the projectile tip 10 accordingly and, furthermore, not extending the element pairs 16 in the generator 9 to the vicinity of the wall area of the projectile 1 is performed, or by there the generator 9 is surrounded by a thermal shielding ring 21. In the pressed material 15, the element pairs 16 can be arranged in a spiral or in a circle. If, in order to increase the available output power of the generator 9, individual series circuits are to be connected in parallel in groups, it is more expedient to group the element pairs 16 accordingly in the interest of functionally reliable electrical connections to one another. If the circuit parts 18, as shown in FIG. 2, are not fed directly from the generator 9, but rather via a voltage multiplier 47, then one can manage with relatively few element pairs 16 if the multiplier 47 is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor components because of the when a defined low generator output voltage (typically 0.6 V) is exceeded, it begins to vibrate almost suddenly, that is to say supplies the supply voltage for the circuit parts 18.

In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the thermal generator 9 'in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 is no longer oriented in terms of its temperature gradient, but rather is oriented transversely to the direction of flight and thus the longitudinal axis 22 of the projectile 1. The element pairs 16 are now (see FIG. 4) radially, that is to say in a star shape, embedded in the pressed material 15, which concentrically surrounds the heat sink 12 as a generator ring 23, which is again a container, preferably made of electrically insulating material Material with a filling of high heat capacity, e.g. with liquid filling, can act. The cold connection points 14 of the element pairs 16 are thermally connected to the heat sink 12; the hot connection points 13 of which are electrically insulated from one another, directly below the floor wall 24, or they protrude into recesses 25 in the floor wall 24 for better thermal connection with the surrounding air envelope, as shown by way of example in FIG. 5.

The annular generator 9 'acc. Fig. 3 / Fig. 4 can have star-shaped arrangements of element pairs 16 in a plurality of mutually parallel planes transverse to the longitudinal axis 22 of the projectile. This ring-shaped generator 9 'is in the transition region 26 between the projectile tip 10 and the projectile-cylinder

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Sheath 4 installed in the floor 1, i.e. in an area in which heat accumulates when the floor 1 is fired from a weapon barrel due to the flow conditions and thus the greatest warming occurs in relation to the approximately constant temperature of the heat sink 12. This temperature in the transition region 26 reaches about 600 ° C. The thermal properties of the pressed material 15 of the generator 9 'and the heat sink 12 are based on the fact that the flight time of such a projectile 1 is approximately 6 to 8 seconds, within which the temperature gradient from the hot side 13 to the cold side 14 of the generator 9 does not may be reduced significantly, so that at the end of the flight time and if possible without the need to temporarily store electrical energy, the required operating voltage for the switching arrangement 8 is available directly as a terminal voltage of the thermal generator 9 'or via the interposed voltage multiplier 47.

In Fig. 3 / Fig. 4, the generator 9 'is penetrated by a detonator 27 which is connected on the one hand to the ignition circuit parts of the switching arrangement 8 and on the other hand projects into the payload space 7 in order to ignite the charge located there at the appropriate time. In the tip 10 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, an impact release device 28 is also provided in front of the switching arrangement 8 and is functionally connected to the detonator 27 via parts of the switching arrangement 8; instead or in addition, sensors for the function of the projectile 1 can also be arranged in this front area, which are not accommodated in the areas of the switching arrangement 8.

The generator structure acc. Fig. 4 with arrangement acc. Fig. 3 (or according to Fig. 5 to be explained below) is particularly suitable for conventional thermocouple-material pairs, which have a lower thermoelectric sensitivity than Peltier elements, but can be operated at a higher temperature; there is no need for protective measures against thermal destruction of the generator 9, rather the maximum frictional heat occurring in the vicinity of the floor 1 can be used directly and by means of cheap materials for the thermoelectric energy generation.

The embodiment according to FIG. 5 relates to a similar realization of the generator 9 'as ring 23, as described in connection with FIG. 4. There, the generator 9 "is in the area of the rear end of the projectile 1, that is to say, for example, in the area of FIG Strangulation groove 6 and at least behind the garnet guide ring 5. However, the generator ring 23 'does not now surround a heat sink 12, but rather a heat accumulator 29, for example a block made of chamotte-like material not the frictional heat of the ambient air on the projectile wall 24 is used, but rather the heat energy of the propellant gases transferred from the weapon barrel from the cartridge propellant charge 3 (see FIG. 1) to the heat accumulator 29 in the course of the projectile 1 being fired; release behind the guide ring 5 of the projectile 1 lifting off from the sleeve 2 (cf. FIG. 1).

In contrast to the conditions according to Fig. 4 are in the generator ring 23 'of Figure 5, the cold sides 14 of the element pairs 16 outside, ie on the periphery of the cylinder jacket 4 behind the guide ring 5; during which hot sides (not shown in FIG. 5) are thermally connected to the heat accumulator 29. As long as the projectile 1 is still being advanced in the weapon barrel, the hot propellant gases act directly on the outer periphery of the generator ring 23 ', whereas the inner connection points of the element pairs only via the intermediate heat accumulator 29. During this firing period, the outer connection connections 25

points 14 of the element pairs are therefore exposed to heating of the same size or even greater than the internal ones; that is, there is still no thermal voltage at the output connections 17 of the thermal generator 9 "during firing, or a thermal voltage with respect to the later operating conditions of reversed polarity. In any case, if the circuit parts 18 or possibly .

in the case of the upstream voltage multiplier 47 is components with polarized operating behavior (expressed in FIG. 2 by 10, upstream operating voltage directional conductor 30 shown in broken lines), activation is not yet carried out in the critical period in which the projectile 1 passes through the weapon barrel moved forward. After leaving the weapon barrel, on the other hand, that is, when the projectile 15 ses 1 is free, air turbulence occurs behind the guide ring 5, which leads to cooling of the area of the cylinder jacket 4 located there and thus also to the cold side 14 of the generator 9 " the heat accumulator 29 heated in the tube now gives off its heat to the internal hot connection points 20 of the element pairs, and (in contrast to the conditions according to FIG. 3) there is now a temperature gradient from the inside to the outside; that is, at the output connections of the The generator 9 "has a thermal voltage with the polarity corresponding to the forward polarity of the directional conductor 30 (cf. FIG. 2). Since there is practically a vacuum on the back 31 of the projectile 1 in free flight, practically no heat loss from the heat accumulator 29 occurs here during the short operating time of the generator 9 "(namely during the free flight time of the projectile 1 until detonation).

For the rapid introduction of the heat of the propellant gases into the heat accumulator 29 while at the same time ensuring a heat profile in the heat accumulator 29 which is desirable with regard to the geometry of the element pairs, it can be expedient, 35 as taken into account by way of example in FIG. 5, heat-conducting bodies 32 in the form of rods and / or Insert sheets, possibly with staggered depth expansion, into the heat accumulator 29, the free or even projecting ends of the projectile rear 31 are acted upon 40 by the propellant gas heat and enable more targeted and faster heat conduction into the area of the generator ring 23 ' , than through the material of the heat accumulator 29 itself.

In particular in the case where the generator 9, 9 'or 9 "is designed as a ring 23 or 23', it is expedient to manufacture it as a 45 independent component which is used in the interior of the storey 1 in the course of completing the projectile or, in the case of a multi-part projectile 1, is inserted between the projectile parts by screwing or other non-positive and / or positive connection.

50 A modified generator structure is shown in a symbolically simplified manner in FIG. 6 in the case of a storey with a pronounced shoulder 33 behind a tip 34 in the form of a tubular ignition spacer. There is no need for special measures for the formation of a heat sink, 55 nor for the provision of a heat store; because due to the locally very concentrated, extremely high heating of the shoulder 33 itself and the immediately adjacent end of the tip 34, a free temperature gradient in the longitudinal direction of the tip 34 occurs in the longitudinal direction of the tip 34, which is sufficient for the excitation of the generator 9 "'60 a generator winding 35 is provided here, namely a banderole made of commercially available thermocouples in film form, the hot sides 13 of which are oriented towards the shoulder 33. These thermocouple films 36, as taken into account in the drawing, are expediently in a groove 37 inserted in the outer wall of the tip 34 so as not to influence the fluidic behavior of the projectile 1 as much as possible

652 494 6

of element pairs in very large numbers in the smallest space, instead of the construction of this spiral generator 9 "" from the extraction of a high generator open circuit voltage. individual element pairs 16 can also be used here

In particular, the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4 element film 36 are used, which, with the intermediate layer and FIG. 6, but also the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, are suitable for compressed material 15 (as outlined in FIG. 8) or as a more dense material Projectiles with a comparatively large, up to a few 100 5 windings are introduced into the rear end of the projectile 1.

Meters of tactical range and accordingly. . ",

According to a free flight time after leaving the gun barrel in “Wl® sch ° n ™ in connection with FIG. 2, the order of magnitude of 1.5 seconds and more occurs. The described rear floor 31 a sudden reduction in the tem-

bene generator construction and installation is, especially according to Fig. 1 to the temperature when the hot combustion gases

Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, optimally suited for long-term care, i.e. io the propellant charge 3 the floor below the axial separation unpon if there is as little as possible a dead zone between the reloader of the TreAlad sleeve 2 pushed out of the weapon barrel and the weapon barrel does not arrive. ^ abf1V 19'st emAbfilf'for the same as the corresponding

On the other hand, there are fast-flying, for the so-called internal battle course of the generator output voltage as sensor information

Zone certain projectiles, which, for example, are only used for the fact that they were fired from the tube and

0.1 seconds free flight time or within a range of 15 with it-besides pipe-connected mechanical-as an additional

Keep the ignition energy ready for a detonation at 50 ... 100 m.

must or at least for operational readiness, even before that

For such modified applications, it is expedient for the projectile to emerge from the weapon barrel, the switching arrangement using a generator similar to that according to FIG. 5 8 'Sem' d ™ ktA "which can be modified via an upstream chip in such a way that - while maintaining the conventional - 20 multiplier 47 according to FIG. 2, with the thermal voltage applied, for example, to mechanical safety measures during the operating voltage which the generator 9 "delivers due to the propulsion of the projectile through the weapon barrel, simply because it is activated by the hot propellant gas, and the heat applied to the thermal generator in the weapon immediately after it emerges of the projectile 1 from the weapon barrel through the hot propellant gases of the cartridge to reduce energy, the heat applied to the rear side 31 of the projectile (cf. supply of the switching arrangement contained in the projectile - FIG. 7) and thus the output supplied by the generator 9 'is drawn , not just one it drops sharply during free flight, which occurs via a polarity discriminator 39 after leaving the tube opening above the floor - for example in the form of a series connection consisting of a difference - the heat gradient for activating the circuit supply from reference element 40 and one for the corresponding differentia generator. tion voltage pulse switched diode 41-zu

A preferred exemplary embodiment is already based on the 30 a control signal at an armed input 42

5, taking into account FIG. 1, is transmitted in operational switching arrangement 8 '. The

Fig. 7 shown. The thermal generator 9 is "", parallel to the arming input 42 is the set input 43 of a trigger circuit 44

Projectile longitudinal axis 22 oriented, in the rear area of the downstream, which due to the operational readiness of the switching arrangement

Projectile 1 has been prepared between its guide ring 5 and its opening 8 and when setting the arming input

Cartridge propellant charge 3 (see FIG. 1) facing back 35 41 ^ er release information to a (not shown in detail)

31 arranged. Against direct destructive action of the electronic or electromechanical) ignition

hot propellant powder vapors are not transmitted during firing.

of the projectile 1 in the weapon barrel (not shown in the drawing, if necessary due to the thermal conditions in the area) is behind the hot side 13 of the thermocouple pairs 16 ^ of the rear end of the projectile 1 after exiting from which a thermal protective layer 38 made of heat-resistant and Gun barrel provided a reversal of the hot-cold exposure at the same time electrically insulating material. The cold of the thermocouple pairs 16 and thus a polarity reversal of the sides 14 of the thermocouple pairs 16 occur to the payload space 7 output voltage of the generator 9 "", it is expediently oriented towards the projectile 1 and lies against a heat sig5 the supply of the Switch arrangement 8 'from generator 9' '' sinks 12 than the metallic mass in such a case ^ via a rectifier bridge 45, so that the storey floor 1 is provided with mechanical fuse polarity which is provided in any case. A downstream spouting direction (for example a Clockwork circuit board or one from the ignition capacitor 46 can be advantageous in order to be able to swing out the separating plate between the deto-polarity reversal of the generator output voltage, i.e. selector and transfer charge; not shown in the drawing, traversing the generator dead area immediately before) can be used the weapon barrel opening, the operating voltage f for the switching

For a good use of space in the interest of keeping high thermal order 8 'continuously available, the electrical efficiency of the generator 9 "" are the thermal

Moelement pairs 16, as shown in Fig. 8 in the rear view, If several generators 9 are grouped in different areas of the expediently spirally to a cylinder, storey 1 is formed, then the switching arrangement 8 'of which in the interstices commercially available temperature resistance can be in parallel be fed, so that they already shot during the digging ceramics as a shape-retaining pressed material 15 55 shot of the floor 1 and after a very short

(e.g. KAGER aluminum oxide ceramics) is poured in, the mouth area then hardens even during longer flight times, then holding the thermocouple pairs 16. Operation is.

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Claims (17)

652 494 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Storey with a thermoelectric generator for operating a switching arrangement in the storey, characterized in that the generator (9) is formed over areas over which temperature gradients occur due to operational acceleration. 2. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator (9, 9 ', 9 "') is formed over areas over which temperature gradients occur essentially due to the free-flight friction delay. 3. Projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the generator (9) is installed in the projectile tip (10). 4. Projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that electrically interconnected generator element pairs (16) are arranged in a star shape in at least one plane which extends approximately transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile (22). 5. Projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that the element pairs (16) in the area of the transition from the projectile tip (10) to the projectile cylinder jacket (4) pass through a hollow cylinder wall made of thermally insulating material (15) which a heat sink ( 12) surrounds. 6. Projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that the element pairs (16) are arranged in the areas behind a projectile guide ring (5) and surround a heat accumulator (29) which faces the connection area for a drive sleeve (2) with open spaces. 7. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator (9 ") is embedded between a thermally insulating projectile connecting part and a heat accumulator (29), the region of which facing away from the generator (9") faces a drive sleeve (2). 8. Projectile according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the heat accumulator (29) is equipped with heat-conducting bodies (32). 9. Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that electrically interconnected generator element pairs (16) are arranged in a star shape in at least one cylinder surface, which is concentric to the longitudinal axis of the projectile (22) at a tip (34) in front of a projectile shoulder ( 33) is located. 10. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the generator is designed as a winding (35) made of thermocouple films (36). Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator (9 "") with its warm-cold thermocouple pairs (13-14; 16) is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis (22) of the projectile and to the rear side of the projectile (31 ) located hot side (13) is arranged in the floor (1). 12. Projectile according to claim 11, characterized in that the generator (9 "") is a coil (35) of element pairs (16) arranged spirally to a cylinder. 13. Projectile according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a heat sink (12) is assigned to the cold sides (14) of the element pairs (16) in the projectile (1). 14. Projectile according to claim 13, characterized in that a metallic fuse safety device of the projectile (1) is formed as the heat sink (12). 15. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator (9) is arranged as a prefabricated component inside the projectile or between projectile parts. 16. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator (9 "") is followed by a polarity discriminator (39) which is guided to an armed input (42) of the switching arrangement (8 '). 17. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator (9) is followed by a voltage multiplier (47).