CH635560A5 - Method for shear-resistant joining of ceramic mouldings - Google Patents
Method for shear-resistant joining of ceramic mouldings Download PDFInfo
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- CH635560A5 CH635560A5 CH813678A CH813678A CH635560A5 CH 635560 A5 CH635560 A5 CH 635560A5 CH 813678 A CH813678 A CH 813678A CH 813678 A CH813678 A CH 813678A CH 635560 A5 CH635560 A5 CH 635560A5
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/001—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating directly with other burned ceramic articles
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/345—Refractory metal oxides
- C04B2237/348—Zirconia, hafnia, zirconates or hafnates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/52—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/62—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising holes, channels or other types of openings
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/78—Side-way connecting, e.g. connecting two plates through their sides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/80—Joining the largest surface of one substrate with a smaller surface of the other substrate, e.g. butt joining or forming a T-joint
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum scherfesten Verbinden von vorgefertigten keramischen Formteilen mit mindestens je einer Verbundfläche zur Herstellung sehr grosser, kompliziert geformter und/oder hohler Keramikkörper, die überall die gleiche polykristalline Struktur aufweisen. The invention relates to a method for shear-resistant connection of prefabricated ceramic molded parts with at least one composite surface each for the production of very large, intricately shaped and / or hollow ceramic bodies which have the same polycrystalline structure everywhere.
Aus keramischem Material bestehende Körper werden industriell in grossen Dimensionen, beispielsweise nach dem isostatischen Pressverfahren, hergestellt. Als Werkstoffe werden dabei in erster Linie oxidkeramische Materialien, wie Aluminiumoxid, Zirkonoxid, Eisenoxid und Magnesiumoxid, oder tongebundenen Materialien, wie Porzellan und Steatit (Magnesiumaluminiumsilikat), eingesetzt. Bodies made of ceramic material are manufactured industrially in large dimensions, for example using the isostatic pressing process. The materials used are primarily oxide-ceramic materials, such as aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide and magnesium oxide, or clay-bound materials, such as porcelain and steatite (magnesium aluminum silicate).
Die Rohlinge aus einem keramischen Material werden in einem Sinterofen mit einem Volumen bis zu ca. 10 m3 bei einer Temperatur bis 1900°C gesintert. The blanks made of a ceramic material are sintered in a sintering furnace with a volume of up to approx. 10 m3 at a temperature of up to 1900 ° C.
Der Formenvielfalt von Keramikkörpern sind praktisch keine Grenzen gesetzt. Sie kann durch einen entsprechend geformten Rohling, aber auch durch eine rotationssymmetrische Nachbearbeitung, wie Schneiden oder Fräsen erreicht werden. There are practically no limits to the variety of shapes of ceramic bodies. It can be achieved by a correspondingly shaped blank, but also by a rotationally symmetrical finishing, such as cutting or milling.
Werden jedoch sehr grosse, kompliziert geformte und/oder mit einem geschlossenen Hohlraum für ein Füllgut versehene Keramikkörper hergestellt, müssen mindestens zwei Formteile miteinander verklebt, verlötet oder verschmolzen werden. Dadurch weist der kompliziert geformte Keramikkörper bzw. der Keramikbehälter heterogene Stellen auf, was sich in bezug auf die Stabilität nachteilig auswirkt. However, if very large, intricately shaped and / or with a closed cavity for a filling ceramic body is produced, at least two molded parts must be glued, soldered or fused together. As a result, the intricately shaped ceramic body or the ceramic container has heterogeneous locations, which has an adverse effect on the stability.
Nach den bisher bekannten Verfahren hergestellte gross-dimensionierte, dickwandige Keramikkörper haben aus folgenden Gründen immer Schwierigkeiten bereitet: Large-dimensioned, thick-walled ceramic bodies produced by the previously known processes have always caused difficulties for the following reasons:
— Unregelmässige Dichtheit - Irregular tightness
— Unterschiedliche Kornstruktur - Different grain structure
— Unterschiedliche Porenverteilung - Different pore distribution
— Spannungen bei der Sinterung. - Sintering tensions.
Die Erfinder haben sich deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zum scherfesten Verbinden von vorgefertigten keramischen Formteilen zu schaffen, das die Herstellung sehr grosser, kompliziert geformter und/oder mit einem Hohlraum versehener Keramikkörper mit überall, auch am Ort der Verbindung, gleicher polykristalliner Struktur erlaubt. The inventors have therefore set themselves the task of creating a method for shear-resistant joining of prefabricated ceramic molded parts, which allows the production of very large, intricately shaped and / or voided ceramic bodies with the same polycrystalline structure everywhere, even at the point of connection .
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass According to the invention, the object is achieved in that
— mindestens eine Verbundfläche geschliffen und geläppt, wobei die Rauheit 0,1-0,6 [Am und die Planizität 0,1-0,3 [im beträgt, At least one composite surface is ground and lapped, the roughness being 0.1-0.6 [Am and the planicity 0.1-0.3 [im,
— die geschliffenen und geläppten Verbundflächen gereinigt und getrocknet, - the ground and lapped composite surfaces are cleaned and dried,
— die trockenen Verbundflächen unter vertikal zu den Flächen einwirkendem Druck aufeinander geschoben, und - The dry composite surfaces are pushed together under vertical pressure to the surfaces, and
— die aufeinandergeschobenen keramischen Formteile nachgesintert werden. - The stacked ceramic molded parts are sintered.
Die Rohlinge für die Formteile werden aus einem bekannten keramischen Material, beispielsweise A1203, ZrCKy Fe203, Fe304, MgO, Porzellan oder Steatit nach dem isostatischen Pressverfahren hergestellt und je nach Bedarf im rohen Zustand nachbearbeitet. Pro Rohling wird mindestens eine Verbundfläche geformt. The blanks for the molded parts are made from a known ceramic material, for example A1203, ZrCKy Fe203, Fe304, MgO, porcelain or steatite using the isostatic pressing process and reworked in the raw state as required. At least one composite surface is formed per blank.
Die Sinterung im Rahmen der üblichen Technologien erfolgt in einem Brennzyklus, der durch die Zusammensetzung des keramischen Materials, die Grösse der Rohlinge und die sinteratmosphärischen Bedingungen bestimmt ist. The sintering in the context of the usual technologies takes place in a firing cycle which is determined by the composition of the ceramic material, the size of the blanks and the sintering atmospheric conditions.
Nach der Sinterung werden die Verbundflächen geschliffen und geläppt, bis eine Oberflächenrauheit Ra mit einer mittleren Tiefe von 0,1-0,6 (im und eine Planizität von 0,1-0,3 (im erreicht ist. Die Rauheit bezieht sich auf die Mikroun-ebenheiten der behandelten Oberfläche, d.h. Spitzen, Kratzer usw., die Planizität auf Mikrounebenheiten, die sich über einen verhältnismässig grossen Bereich oder über die ganze behandelte Oberfläche erstrecken. After sintering, the composite surfaces are ground and lapped until a surface roughness Ra with an average depth of 0.1-0.6 (im and a planicity of 0.1-0.3 (im is reached. The roughness relates to the Micro-unevenness of the treated surface, ie peaks, scratches, etc., the planicity on micro-unevenness, which extend over a relatively large area or over the entire treated surface.
Die Rückstände vom Schleifen und Läppen werden in einem der an sich bekannten flüssigen oberflächenaktiven Reinigungsmittel von den Formteilen entfernt, wobei ein Ultraschallgerät Verwendung findet. Das von hochfrequenten Ultraschallwellen durchsetzte Reinigungsmittel hat einen um ein Mehrfaches erhöhten Wirkungsgrad. Die gereinigten Berührungsflächen werden getrocknet, zweckmässig durch Lufttrocknung bei Raumtemperatur. The residues from grinding and lapping are removed from the molded parts in one of the liquid surface-active cleaning agents known per se, an ultrasound device being used. The cleaning agent, which is penetrated by high-frequency ultrasound waves, has a multiple efficiency. The cleaned contact surfaces are dried, expediently by air drying at room temperature.
Das Zusammenfügen der Formteile erfolgt derart, dass die getrockneten Verbundflächen unter einem vertikal zu diesen Flächen einwirkenden Druck aufeinander geschoben werden, wodurch ein fester, durch Adhäsion bewirkter Kontakt entsteht. Bei der folgenden Nachsinterung, die in einer oder zwei Stufen durchgeführt wird, verbinden sich die einzelnen Kristallite der vorbehandelten Kontakt- bzw. Verbundflächen nach den Diffusionsregeln bei der Sinterung zu einem polykristallinen Gefüge. Metallurgische Untersuchungen mittels Schliffbildern haben gezeigt, dass die Eigenschaften im Bereich der Verbundflächen denjenigen des übrigen Teils des Keramikkörpers nicht nachstehen. Beim Zerschlagen zerspringt der Keramikkörper nicht bei den durch Nachsintern zusammengefügten Flächen. The molded parts are joined together in such a way that the dried composite surfaces are pushed onto one another under a pressure acting vertically to these surfaces, as a result of which a firm contact is produced which is brought about by adhesion. In the subsequent resintering, which is carried out in one or two stages, the individual crystallites of the pretreated contact or composite surfaces combine to form a polycrystalline structure according to the diffusion rules during sintering. Metallurgical studies using micrographs have shown that the properties in the area of the composite surfaces are not inferior to those of the rest of the ceramic body. When smashed, the ceramic body does not shatter on the surfaces joined by re-sintering.
Neben der Herstellung von kompliziert geformten Keramikkörpern wird das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren vorzugsweise zum Zusammensintern von zwei hohlen Formteilen zu fest verschlossenen, evakuierbaren Keramikbehältern mit hoher Masshaltigkeit angewendet, insbesondere für das Ver-schliessen von dickwandigen Behältern für die Entsorgung von toxischen und/oder radioaktiven Abfällen. In addition to the production of intricately shaped ceramic bodies, the method according to the invention is preferably used for sintering together two hollow molded parts to form tightly closed, evacuable ceramic containers with high dimensional accuracy, in particular for closing thick-walled containers for the disposal of toxic and / or radioactive waste.
Das Nachsintern erfolgt während einer von der Grösse der keramischen Formteile abhängigen Zeit, bevorzugt während 1-70 Stunden, in einem vom Material abhängigen Temperaturbereich, der vorzugsweise zwischen 1000 und 1800°C liegt. The re-sintering takes place for a time dependent on the size of the ceramic molded parts, preferably for 1-70 hours, in a temperature range dependent on the material, which is preferably between 1000 and 1800 ° C.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung und von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Schnitte zeigen schematisch: The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing and exemplary embodiments. The cuts show schematically:
Fig. 1 Prinzip Skizzen von REM-Aufnahmen, vor der Sinterung, nach der Sinterung. Fig. 1 principle sketches of SEM images, before sintering, after sintering.
5 5
10 10th
15 15
20 20th
25 25th
30 30th
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
55 55
60 60
65 65
Fig. 2-4 Formteile die zu Behältern zusammengesintert werden. Fig. 2-4 molded parts that are sintered together to form containers.
Fig. 5 Eine Hohlkugel. Fig. 5 A hollow ball.
Fig. 6 Einen Ausschnitt aus einem grossdimensionierten dickwandigen Körper. Fig. 6 A section of a large, thick-walled body.
Die in Fig. la gezeigten Verbundflächen 14 und 16 der keramischen Formteile 10 und 12 haften durch Adhäsion aufeinander. Die Verbund- oder Haftflächen sind durch Vertiefungen 18 unterbrochen, wodurch die Wirksamkeit der Adhäsion herabgesetzt wird. Die mittlere Tiefe der Vertiefungen 18 entspricht dem Ra-Wert. The composite surfaces 14 and 16 of the ceramic molded parts 10 and 12 shown in Fig. La adhere to one another by adhesion. The bonded or adhesive surfaces are interrupted by depressions 18, as a result of which the effectiveness of the adhesion is reduced. The average depth of the depressions 18 corresponds to the Ra value.
Fig. lb zeigt denselben Ausschnitt wie Fig. la. Durch Diffusions Vorgänge während dem Nachsintern sind die Vertiefungen 18 verschwunden und die ursprünglich geraden geschliffenen und geläppten Verbundflächen haben ihre Planizität verloren. Dies ist ein Zeichen dafür, dass der keramische Werkstoff zusammengesintert ist. In den Fig. 2 bis 4 werden aus keramischen Materialien bestehende Behälteroberteile 10 und Behälterunterteile 12 gezeigt. Diese Behälterteile weisen aufeinandergepasste Verbundflächen 14 und 16 auf, welche geschliffen und geläppt sind. Durch das Aufeinanderschieben der Behälterteile unter Druck, vorzugsweise unter Vakuum, und ein Nachsintern können die Behälter hermetisch dicht verschlossen werden. Es entsteht ein Gefüge, das an seiner Fig. Lb shows the same section as Fig. La. Due to diffusion processes during the re-sintering, the depressions 18 have disappeared and the originally straight ground and lapped composite surfaces have lost their planicity. This is a sign that the ceramic material is sintered together. 2 to 4, container upper parts 10 and container lower parts 12 made of ceramic materials are shown. These container parts have matched composite surfaces 14 and 16 which are ground and lapped. By pushing the container parts together under pressure, preferably under vacuum, and re-sintering, the containers can be hermetically sealed. A structure emerges that is based on his
3 €35560 3 € 35560
Verbindungsstelle in bezug auf seine Eigenschaften den übrigen Keramikteilen nicht nachsteht. Connection point in terms of its properties is not inferior to the other ceramic parts.
In Fig. 5 wird ein komplizierter Keramikkörper, der in Form einer Hohlkugel 20 ausgebildet ist, gezeigt. Bisher ist 5 die Herstellung von solchen Hohlkugeln wegen der Schwin-dungsverhältnisse bei der Sinterung nicht ohne Öffnung möglich gewesen. Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren lassen sich Hohlkugeln von hoher Masshaltigkeit wie folgt herstellen: 5 shows a complicated ceramic body which is designed in the form of a hollow sphere 20. So far, the production of such hollow spheres has not been possible without opening due to the shrinkage conditions during sintering. Hollow spheres of high dimensional stability can be produced by the process according to the invention as follows:
io — Rohlinge für die Halbkugeln 22 und 24 herstellen und sintern Manufacture and sinter io blanks for hemispheres 22 and 24
— Schleifen und Läppen der Berührungsflächen 26 Grinding and lapping of the contact surfaces 26
— Zusammenfügen der Halbkugeln unter Vakuum - Joining the hemispheres under vacuum
— Nachsintern. - Post-sintering.
15 Der in Fig. 6 dargestellte Ausschnitt aus einem grossdimensionierten, dickwandigen Körper 28 zeigt, dass mehrere Sinterformstücke in der obenbeschriebenen Weise geschliffen und geläppt, unter Druck aufeinandergeschoben und nachgesintert werden können. Dadurch entsteht ein «sandwich-20 artig» aufgebauter, spannungsfreier Verbundkörper, der sich durch gleichmässige Dichtheit, Kornstruktur und Porenverteilung auszeichnet. Auf diese Weise können grosse Keramikkörper hergestellt werden, die einige hundert Kilogramm wiegen. 15 The section from a large-dimensioned, thick-walled body 28 shown in FIG. 6 shows that a plurality of sintered shaped pieces can be ground and lapped in the manner described above, pushed onto one another and resintered under pressure. This creates a sandwich-like, tension-free composite body, which is characterized by uniform tightness, grain structure and pore distribution. In this way, large ceramic bodies weighing a few hundred kilograms can be produced.
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2 Blätter Zeichnungen 2 sheets of drawings
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH813678A CH635560A5 (en) | 1978-07-28 | 1978-07-28 | Method for shear-resistant joining of ceramic mouldings |
DE19782839353 DE2839353B1 (en) | 1978-07-28 | 1978-09-09 | Process for shear-resistant joining of ceramic molded parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH813678A CH635560A5 (en) | 1978-07-28 | 1978-07-28 | Method for shear-resistant joining of ceramic mouldings |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CH635560A5 true CH635560A5 (en) | 1983-04-15 |
Family
ID=4335710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH813678A CH635560A5 (en) | 1978-07-28 | 1978-07-28 | Method for shear-resistant joining of ceramic mouldings |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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CH (1) | CH635560A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2839353B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8307571D0 (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1983-04-27 | Secr Defence | Ceramic waveguides |
FR2555159B1 (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1986-06-27 | Ceraver | METHOD FOR WELDING TWO HOLLOW CERAMIC HALF PIECES, AND WELDING MACHINE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
FR2564826B1 (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1986-08-22 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING AT LEAST TWO CERAMIC PIECES, EACH HAVING AT LEAST ONE FLAT SURFACE |
US5048654A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1991-09-17 | Borg-Warner Automotive, Inc. | Ceramic clutch separator plates |
US5029686A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1991-07-09 | Borg-Warner Automotive, Inc. | Clutch separator plates |
-
1978
- 1978-07-28 CH CH813678A patent/CH635560A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-09 DE DE19782839353 patent/DE2839353B1/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2839353C2 (en) | 1980-10-09 |
DE2839353B1 (en) | 1980-02-14 |
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