CH632922A5 - Anchorage pin for bone implants - Google Patents
Anchorage pin for bone implants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH632922A5 CH632922A5 CH1039178A CH1039178A CH632922A5 CH 632922 A5 CH632922 A5 CH 632922A5 CH 1039178 A CH1039178 A CH 1039178A CH 1039178 A CH1039178 A CH 1039178A CH 632922 A5 CH632922 A5 CH 632922A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- conical
- basic shape
- implant
- implant according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000005257 cortical tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003462 bioceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Public Health (AREA)
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- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verankerungszapfen gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. The invention relates to an anchoring pin according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei der zementfreien oder zumindest zementarmen Verankerung von Implantaten in menschlichen Knochen ergeben sich häufig Schwierigkeiten mit der Fixierung während der ersten Wochen nach der Implantation, bis durch An-und/oder Einwachsen von Gewebe eine ausreichende Fixierung erreicht ist. Diese Schwierigkeiten treten besonders bei platten- oder schalenartigen Implantaten auf, die beispielsweise lediglich beschädigte oder zerstörte Knorpelschichten der Gleitflächen in menschlichen Gelenken ganz oder teilweise ersetzen. Denn bei diesen Implantaten müssen die für eine zementfreie Verankerung bestimmten Zapfen, die entweder eingeschlagen oder eingeschraubt werden, sowohl in der relativ dünnen und kompakten äusseren Knochenschicht, der Kortikalis, als auch in dem etwa eine 20fach geringere Dichte aufweisenden, spongiösen Gewebe fest verankert sein. With the cement-free or at least low-cement anchoring of implants in human bones, difficulties often arise with the fixation during the first weeks after the implantation, until adequate fixation is achieved by tissue growth and / or ingrowth. These difficulties occur particularly in the case of plate-like or shell-like implants which, for example, merely replace all or part of damaged or destroyed cartilage layers of the sliding surfaces in human joints. Because with these implants, the pins intended for cement-free anchoring, which are either hammered in or screwed in, must be firmly anchored both in the relatively thin and compact outer bone layer, the cortical bone, and in the cancellous tissue, which is about 20 times less dense.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Verankerungszapfen zu schaffen, der diesen erheblichen Verschiedenheiten des kortikalen und des spongiösen Knochengewebes Rechnung trägt und die Verankerung eines Implantates in Kortikalis und Spongiosa verbessert. Erfindungsgemäss erfolgt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die in Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmale. The object of the invention is to provide an anchoring pin which takes account of these considerable differences in the cortical and cancellous bone tissue and improves the anchoring of an implant in the cortex and cancellous bone. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.
Die Querschnitte der Grundformen der beiden Zapfenbereiche können dabei kreisrund, elliptisch oder polygonför-mig, z.B. 3-, 4- oder mehreckig sein; es sind dafür aber auch ovale oder andere, nicht einer einfachen geometrischen Fläche entsprechende Querschnittsflächen denkbar. The cross sections of the basic shapes of the two pin areas can be circular, elliptical or polygonal, e.g. Be 3, 4 or polygonal; However, oval or other cross-sectional areas that do not correspond to a simple geometric surface are also conceivable for this.
Für die Anwendung des neuen Verankerungszapfens wird - beispielsweise bei der Verankerung der erwähnten For the application of the new anchoring pin - for example when anchoring the mentioned
Gleitflächenimplantate - nach Entfernen der beschädigten und daher zu ersetzenden Knorpelschicht zunächst mit Hilfe eines Formbohrers, der in Grösse und Form den Grundformen der beiden Zapfenbereiche entspricht, der Knochen angebohrt und anschliessend der Zapfen eingeschlagen oder gegebenenfalls eingeschraubt. Die zahnartigen Verdrängungskörper des in die Spongiosa eindringenden Zapfenbereichs verdrängen dabei aufgrund ihrer gegenüber dem Volumen ihrer Grundform relativ stark vergrössertem Volumen beim Einschlagen des Zapfens relativ viel des die ausgebohrte Grundform umgebenden Gewebes und verdichten dieses dabei, wodurch bekanntlich das Einwachsen des Zapfens beschleunigt und verbessert wird. Wegen der grösseren Dichte der Kortikalis ist dieser Effekt im kortikalen Gewebe wesentlich geringer. In dieses dringt daher nur das erheblich geringere Volumen - bezogen auf das zugehörige Grundvolumen- der im konischen Bereich vorhandenen Feinverzahnung ein. Die konische Formgebung ist dabei erforderlich, weil andernfalls das Verdrängungsvolumen des «zylindrischen» Endbereichs beim Einschlagen einen beträchtlichen Teil des am Rand der Grundformbohrung benachbarten kortikalen Gewebes zerstört, so dass darin die Haftimg des Zapfens nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Sliding surface implants - after removing the damaged and therefore replaceable cartilage layer, first of all with a form drill, which corresponds in size and shape to the basic shapes of the two cone areas, the bone is drilled and then the cone is hammered in or screwed in if necessary. The tooth-like displacement body of the pin area penetrating into the cancellous bone displaces and compresses a lot of the tissue surrounding the basic shape when the pin is knocked in due to its relatively larger volume compared to the volume of its basic shape, thereby compressing it, which is known to accelerate and improve the ingrowth of the pin. Because of the greater density of the cortex, this effect is significantly less in the cortical tissue. This means that only the considerably smaller volume - based on the associated basic volume - of the fine toothing in the conical area penetrates. The conical shape is necessary because otherwise the displacement volume of the “cylindrical” end area destroys a considerable part of the cortical tissue adjacent to the edge of the basic shape hole when hammering in, so that the adhesion of the pin is no longer guaranteed.
Anderseits ergäbe eine durchgehend konische Form im Bereich des freien Zapfenendes eine zu geringe mechanische Festigkeit der Grundform gegenüber den relativ groben, zahnartigen Verdrängungskörpern, wenn die Abmessungen des Zapfens - im Verhältnis zu den zugehörigen Implantaten - nicht zu gross werden sollen. On the other hand, a continuously conical shape in the area of the free pin end would result in the mechanical strength of the basic shape being too low compared to the relatively coarse, tooth-like displacement bodies if the dimensions of the pin - in relation to the associated implants - should not become too large.
Die konische Grundform im kortikalen Bereich des Körpers hat darüber hinaus noch die weiteren Vorteile, dass gegenüber einer «zylindrischen» Grundform die Auflagefläche und die mechanische Festigkeit, besonders gegenüber Biegebeanspruchungen, vergrössert werden. The conical basic shape in the cortical area of the body also has the further advantages that the contact surface and the mechanical strength are increased compared to a «cylindrical» basic shape, particularly in relation to bending stresses.
In den abhängigen Patentansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung hinsichtlich der Bemessung der einzelnen Zapfenbereiche relativ zueinander niedergelegt. Als Materialien für die neuen Verankerungszapfen bzw. für die mit ihnen versehenen Implantate eignen sich alle auf dem Gebiet der Implantat-Technik üblichen Stoffe, wie Metalle, Metallegierungen, Biokeramik, pyrolytischer Kohlenstoff und Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polyäthylen der Qualifikationen HDPE und UHMW. In the dependent claims, advantageous refinements of the invention are laid down with respect to the dimensioning of the individual pin regions relative to one another. Suitable materials for the new anchoring pins or for the implants provided with them are all materials customary in the field of implant technology, such as metals, metal alloys, bioceramics, pyrolytic carbon and plastics, in particular polyethylene with the qualifications HDPE and UHMW.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawing.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Femurkopf, in den eine Reihe von mit dem neuen Verankerungszapfen versehene Gleitflächen-Implantate eingeschlagen sind, wobei eines der Implantate im Schnitt dargestellt ist; 1 schematically shows a femoral head into which a number of sliding surface implants provided with the new anchoring peg are hammered, one of the implants being shown in section;
Fig. 2 ist eine vergrösserte Darstellung eines der Gleitflä-chen-Implantate nach Fig. 1, das in eine Knorpelschicht eingelassen und im darunterliegenden Knochen verankert ist. FIG. 2 is an enlarged illustration of one of the sliding surface implants according to FIG. 1, which is embedded in a cartilage layer and anchored in the underlying bone.
Im Femurkopf 1 (Fig. 1) sind eine Reihe von nagelartigen Gleitflächen-Implantaten 2 vorgesehen, die als pro-thetischer Ersatz für zerstörte Teilbereiche der Knorpelschicht 3 (Fig. 2) dienen. Ihre Verankerungszapfen 4 sind dabei, wie bereits kurz geschildert, in Bohrungen des entsprechend vorbereiteten Knochens eingeschlagen. A series of nail-like sliding surface implants 2 are provided in the femoral head 1 (FIG. 1), which serve as a prosthetic replacement for destroyed partial areas of the cartilage layer 3 (FIG. 2). Your anchoring pins 4 are, as already briefly described, hammered into holes in the correspondingly prepared bone.
Erfindungsgemäss besteht die Grundform des Verankerungszapfens 4 in einem dem Kopf des Implantatnagels 2 nahen Teil aus einem konischen Bereich 5, dessen Länge im wesentlichen der Dicke der Kortikalisschicht 6 des Knochens entspricht. An die konische Grundform schliesst sich dann zum freien Ende des Zapfens 4 hin ein Bereich 7 mit einer «zylindrischen» Grundform an, deren «erzeugende» Mantellinie parallel zu ihrer Längsachse verläuft. Die Grundform des Bereichs 7 kann dabei einen beliebigen According to the invention, the basic shape of the anchoring pin 4 in a part close to the head of the implant nail 2 consists of a conical area 5, the length of which corresponds essentially to the thickness of the cortical layer 6 of the bone. An area 7 with a “cylindrical” basic shape then adjoins the conical basic shape toward the free end of the pin 4, the “generating” surface line of this parallel to its longitudinal axis. The basic shape of area 7 can be any one
2 2nd
5 5
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632 922 632 922
Querschnitt aufweisen, der im einfachsten Fall kreisförmig ausgebildet ist. Have cross-section, which is circular in the simplest case.
Im Bereich 5 trägt die konische Grundform eine relativ feine Verzahnung 8, die beim Einschlagen nur wenig in das kortikale Gewebe 6 eindringt, jedoch mit ihren feinen Zähnen in dieses Gewebe widerhakenartig eingreift, so dass ein Herauswandern aus dem Gewebe 6 entgegen der Einschlagrichtung sicher verhindert wird. In the area 5, the conical basic shape has a relatively fine toothing 8, which penetrates only a little into the cortical tissue 6 when it is driven in, but engages barb-like in this tissue with its fine teeth, so that migration out of the tissue 6 against the direction of impact is reliably prevented .
Der Bereich 7 des Zapfens 4 ist bei eingeschlagenem Implantat in dem spongiösen Gewebe 9 verankert; er ist daher mit mindestens einem - im gezeigten Beispiel jedoch mehreren - zahnartigen Verdrängungskörper 10 versehen, deren Volumen vorteilhafterweise mindestens etwa 20% des Volumens der zugehörigen Grundform 7 beträgt. Die Zähne 10 haben die Aufgabe, beim Einschlagen des Zapfens 4 spongi-öses Gewebe zu verdrängen, das sich beispielsweise in komprimierter Form jeweils in der «Einkerbung» hinter dem vorausgehenden Zahn 10 ablagert. The area 7 of the pin 4 is anchored in the cancellous tissue 9 when the implant is inserted; it is therefore provided with at least one - but in the example shown several - tooth-like displacement body 10, the volume of which is advantageously at least about 20% of the volume of the associated basic shape 7. The teeth 10 have the task of displacing spongy tissue when the pin 4 is driven in, which tissue is deposited, for example, in compressed form in the “notch” behind the previous tooth 10.
Wie Fig. 2 erkennen lässt, ist der zylindrische Endbereich 7 an der Übergangsstelle 11 gegenüber dem Konus 5 stufenförmig abgesetzt. Diese Stufe 11 hat den Zweck, den kleinsten Enddurchmesser des Konus 5 im wesentlichen mindestens so gross zu machen, dass die Verdrängungskörper 10 des zylindrischen Bereichs 7 die konische Grundformbohrung in der Kortikalis beim Einschlagen praktisch frei, d.h. 5 möglichst ohne kortikales Gewebe 6 zu beschädigen, durchdringen. Diese freie Durchdringung der Kortikalis lässt sich beispielsweise auch durch einen grösseren Öffnungswinkel für den Konus erreichen; dieser wird jedoch vorteilhafterweise im Bereich zwischen 2 und 30 gehalten. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the cylindrical end region 7 is stepped at the transition point 11 with respect to the cone 5. The purpose of this step 11 is to make the smallest final diameter of the cone 5 essentially at least so large that the displacers 10 of the cylindrical region 7 practically free the conical basic shape bore in the cortex when driven in, i.e. 5 penetrate if possible without damaging cortical tissue 6. This free penetration of the cortex can also be achieved, for example, by a larger opening angle for the cone; however, this is advantageously kept in the range between 2 and 30.
io Die feine Verzahnung 8 hat, bezogen auf ihre konische Grundform 5, deren Länge mit Vorteil praktisch mit der Dicke der kortikalen Gewebeschicht 6 übereinstimmt, ein relativ geringes Volumen, das vorteilhafterweise nur wenige Prozent des Grundformvolumens 5 beträgt. Die durch sie i5 ausgelöste Gewebeverdrängung in der Kortikalis 6 ist daher erheblich geringer als diejenige in der Spongiosa. Die Dichteunterschiede zwischen kortikalem und spongiösem Gewebe, die bekanntlich etwa 20:1 betragen, kann man in etwa bei der Bemessung der Volumina der Verdrängungskörper 8 20 und 10 berücksichtigen, wenn das Verhältnis dieser Volumina zueinander mindestens 1:10 oder kleiner ist. The fine toothing 8, based on its conical basic shape 5, the length of which advantageously corresponds practically to the thickness of the cortical tissue layer 6, has a relatively small volume, which is advantageously only a few percent of the basic shape volume 5. The tissue displacement in the cortex 6 triggered by it i5 is therefore considerably less than that in the cancellous bone. The density differences between cortical and cancellous tissue, which are known to be about 20: 1, can be taken into account roughly when dimensioning the volumes of the displacement bodies 8 20 and 10 if the ratio of these volumes to one another is at least 1:10 or less.
s s
1 Blatt Zeichnungen 1 sheet of drawings
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1039078A CH632923A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Implant for partial replacement of a sliding surface of a human joint |
CH1039178A CH632922A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Anchorage pin for bone implants |
DE2933141A DE2933141C3 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1979-08-16 | Anchoring pin for a nail-like sliding surface implant |
DE19792933174 DE2933174A1 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1979-08-16 | IMPLANT FOR A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF A SLIDING SURFACE OF A HUMAN JOINT |
AT0591579A AT370989B (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1979-09-07 | ANCHORING PIN FOR BONE IMPLANTS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1039078A CH632923A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Implant for partial replacement of a sliding surface of a human joint |
CH1039178A CH632922A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Anchorage pin for bone implants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH632922A5 true CH632922A5 (en) | 1982-11-15 |
Family
ID=25706591
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH1039078A CH632923A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Implant for partial replacement of a sliding surface of a human joint |
CH1039178A CH632922A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Anchorage pin for bone implants |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH1039078A CH632923A5 (en) | 1978-10-06 | 1978-10-06 | Implant for partial replacement of a sliding surface of a human joint |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT370989B (en) |
CH (2) | CH632923A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE2933174A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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USRE43143E1 (en) | 1982-05-20 | 2012-01-24 | Hayhurst John O | Tissue manipulation |
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-
1978
- 1978-10-06 CH CH1039078A patent/CH632923A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-06 CH CH1039178A patent/CH632922A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-08-16 DE DE19792933174 patent/DE2933174A1/en active Pending
- 1979-08-16 DE DE2933141A patent/DE2933141C3/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-07 AT AT0591579A patent/AT370989B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE43143E1 (en) | 1982-05-20 | 2012-01-24 | Hayhurst John O | Tissue manipulation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT370989B (en) | 1983-05-25 |
DE2933141B2 (en) | 1981-03-12 |
CH632923A5 (en) | 1982-11-15 |
ATA591579A (en) | 1982-10-15 |
DE2933174A1 (en) | 1980-04-10 |
DE2933141C3 (en) | 1981-12-17 |
DE2933141A1 (en) | 1980-04-10 |
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