CH625965A5 - Reverse osmosis membrane and process for making it - Google Patents
Reverse osmosis membrane and process for making it Download PDFInfo
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- CH625965A5 CH625965A5 CH1138176A CH1138176A CH625965A5 CH 625965 A5 CH625965 A5 CH 625965A5 CH 1138176 A CH1138176 A CH 1138176A CH 1138176 A CH1138176 A CH 1138176A CH 625965 A5 CH625965 A5 CH 625965A5
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- CH
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- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- copolymer
- water
- reverse osmosis
- solvent
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical group OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005684 linear copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPSXHKGJZJCWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxypyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)OC1CCN(CC1)CC VPSXHKGJZJCWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Substances CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/301—Polyvinylchloride
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La presente invenzione si riferisce a membrane per osmosi inversa, ottenute da polimeri sintetici. The present invention relates to reverse osmosis membranes, obtained from synthetic polymers.
Il processo di separazione mediante osmosi inversa appare, in prospettiva, molto interessante ai fini della depurazione di acqua di scarico industriali. Esso presenta infatti notevoli vantaggi sotto il profilo tecnico ed economico. In particolare l'osmosi inversa potrebbe essere utilmente applicata al trattamento delle acque di lavaggio dell'industria galvanica, ricche di composti fortemente tossici; accanto alla necessità di depurare tali acque prima del loro scarico, non va dimenticata l'opportunità di recuperare i composti in esse disciolti, che sono spesso costosi. The process of separation by reverse osmosis appears, in perspective, to be very interesting for the purification of industrial waste water. In fact, it has considerable technical and economic advantages. In particular, reverse osmosis could be usefully applied to the treatment of washing waters of the galvanic industry, rich in highly toxic compounds; in addition to the need to purify these waters before they are discharged, the opportunity to recover the compounds dissolved in them, which are often expensive, should not be forgotten.
Per un'applicazione di questo tipo occorre evidentemente disporre di membrane semipermeabili che non vengono degradate dall'ambiente chimico in cui devono operare; in particolare, nel caso degli scarichi galvanici, le membrane devono resistere, a seconda dei casi, a pH notevolmente acidi (anche intorno a 1) o basici (fino a 12 circa). For an application of this type it is evidently necessary to have semipermeable membranes which are not degraded by the chemical environment in which they must operate; in particular, in the case of galvanic discharges, the membranes must withstand, as the case may be, considerably acidic (even around 1) or basic (up to around 12) pH.
I polimeri con cui sono fabbricate le membrane oggi disponibili commercialmente non consentono di operare per tempi ragionevolmente lunghi (almeno un anno) in soluzioni a pH così estremi. The polymers with which the membranes now commercially available are manufactured do not allow to operate for reasonably long times (at least one year) in solutions with such extreme pH.
Si è ora trovato che l'inconveniente testé menzionato può essere superato con una membrana per osmosi inversa caratterizzata dal fatto di essere costituita di un copolimero lineare la cui catena è formata da unità di cloruro di vinile e da unità di alcol vinilico, le unità di alcol vinilico essendo presenti in una proporzione molare da 1 mol% fino a 15 mol.%, e detto copolimero avendo una viscosità intrinseca in cicloesanone (a 20°C) da 0,2 a 1,2 dl/g. It has now been found that the drawback just mentioned can be overcome with a reverse osmosis membrane characterized in that it consists of a linear copolymer whose chain is made up of vinyl chloride units and vinyl alcohol units, the vinyl alcohol being present in a molar proportion from 1 mol% up to 15 mol%, and said copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity in cyclohexanone (at 20 ° C) from 0.2 to 1.2 dl / g.
I copolimeri di cui sopra presentano un'elevata resistenza alla degradazione sia in ambiente acido che alcalino. Essi contengono inoltre una concentrazione di gruppi idrofili (ossidrili) sufficiente a garantire una buona permeabilità all'acqua. Infine, anche le caratteristiche meccaniche di film fabbricati con tali polimeri sono eccellenti. The copolymers mentioned above have a high resistance to degradation in both acid and alkaline environments. They also contain a concentration of hydrophilic groups (hydroxyls) sufficient to guarantee good water permeability. Finally, the mechanical characteristics of films made with such polymers are also excellent.
Questi copolimeri possono essere ottenuti in modo per sé noto mediante idrolisi di soluzioni organiche dei corrispondenti copolimeri di cloruro di vinile con acetato di vinile, contenenti da circa 2% a circa 20% in peso di acetato, in presenza di un catalizzatore preferibilmente costituito da idrossido alcalino. La reazione avviene rapidamente, anche a temperatura ambiente. Il solvente è preferibilmente scelto tra quelli nei quali è solubile sia il copolimero di partenza sia il copolimero finale idrolizzato per modo che il sistema si conserva omogeneo durante tutta la reazione. Al termine, il copolimero idrolizzato viene isolato mediante precipitazione in acqua, usualmente a temperatura ambiente. II materiale precipitato, lavato a fondo con acqua ed essiccato, è pronto per l'uso. These copolymers can be obtained in a manner known per se by hydrolysis of organic solutions of the corresponding vinyl chloride copolymers with vinyl acetate, containing from about 2% to about 20% by weight of acetate, in the presence of a catalyst preferably consisting of hydroxide alkaline. The reaction occurs quickly, even at room temperature. The solvent is preferably selected from those in which both the starting copolymer and the final hydrolysed copolymer are soluble so that the system remains homogeneous during the whole reaction. At the end, the hydrolyzed copolymer is isolated by precipitation in water, usually at room temperature. The precipitated material, thoroughly washed with water and dried, is ready for use.
Per ottenere una membrana a struttura asimmetrica, si può ricorrere ad una tecnica del tipo descritto da S. Loeb e S. Sourirajan in Adv. Chem. Ser. 38, 117 (1962) con riferimento a membrane semipermeabili di acetato di cellulosa. To obtain a membrane with an asymmetrical structure, a technique of the type described by S. Loeb and S. Sourirajan in Adv can be used. Chem. Ser. 38, 117 (1962) with reference to semipermeable cellulose acetate membranes.
Secondo tale tecnica il polimero di partenza viene disciolto in un sistema solvente appropriato, spalmato su di un substrato piano, lasciato evaporare per breve tempo, quindi coagulato per immersione in acqua (o altro non solvente); segue un post-trattamento in acqua a caldo. According to this technique, the starting polymer is dissolved in an appropriate solvent system, spread on a flat substrate, left to evaporate for a short time, then coagulated by immersion in water (or other non-solvent); followed by a post-treatment in hot water.
Nel processo di Loeb e Sourirajan si ottengono membrane di tipo asimmetrico, con uno strato superficiale compatto, estremamente sottile (< 1 um), ed uno strato sottostante poroso, molto più spesso (— 100 firn). Lo strato superficiale è responsabile della selettività della membrana, che in virtù sua è permeabile all'acqua ma non alle sostanze in essa disciolte; lo strato sottostante assicura invece la robustezza meccanica della membrana, senza ostacolare — essendo molto poroso — il flusso dell'acqua filtrata dallo strato superiore. In the Loeb and Sourirajan process, asymmetric membranes are obtained, with a compact, extremely thin surface layer (<1 um), and a porous underlying layer, much thicker (- 100 firn). The surface layer is responsible for the selectivity of the membrane, which by virtue of it is permeable to water but not to the substances dissolved in it; the underlying layer instead ensures the mechanical strength of the membrane, without hindering - being very porous - the flow of filtered water from the upper layer.
Costituisce pertanto un ulteriore oggetto dell'invenzione un procedimento per la fabbricazione di una membrana come definita qui sopra, caratterizzato dalle operazioni di: preparare una soluzione spalmabile di detto copolimero lineare in un sistema solvente costituito da un solvente organico per il copolimero e da un non-solvente organico per il copolimero; formare uno strato di detta soluzione su un supporto temporaneo; evaporare parzialmente il sistema solvente dallo strato in modo da ottenere su quest'ultimo una pellicola gelatinosa; bloccare l'evaporazione mediante immersione in acqua precipitando così il copolimero in forma di membrana; eliminare il sistema solvente della membrana e condizionare la membrana mediante immersione in acqua ad una temperatura da 40° a 60QC per un tempo non inferiore a 5 ore. A further object of the invention is therefore a process for manufacturing a membrane as defined above, characterized by the operations of: preparing a spreadable solution of said linear copolymer in a solvent system consisting of an organic solvent for the copolymer and a non -organic solvent for the copolymer; forming a layer of said solution on a temporary support; partially evaporating the solvent system from the layer so as to obtain a gelatinous film on the latter; block evaporation by immersion in water thus precipitating the copolymer in the form of a membrane; eliminate the solvent system of the membrane and condition the membrane by immersion in water at a temperature from 40 ° to 60QC for a time of not less than 5 hours.
L'applicazione della tecnica di Loeb e Sourirajan ai fini della presente invenzione comporta anzitutto la scelta di una appropriata coppia di solventi: il primo deve essere un buon solvente e quindi deve essere scelto nell'area di solubilità del copolimero, mentre il secondo deve essere un cattivo solvente e quindi deve essere scelto fuori della detta area di solubilità. L'area di solubilità può essere determinata col metodo descritto da C. M. Hansen in Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 8, 2 (1969), riportando, in funzione dei componenti principali 5P e SH del parametro di solubilità, i solventi nei quali il copolimero è solubile per più del 10% in peso (area di solubilità) e per meno del 10%. Il disegno annesso è un diagramma di questo tipo, dove i punti indicano i buoni solventi mentre le crocette indicano i cattivi solventi, e dove i numeri 1-25 indicano i seguenti solventi: The application of the Loeb and Sourirajan technique for the purposes of the present invention involves first of all choosing an appropriate pair of solvents: the first must be a good solvent and therefore must be chosen in the solubility area of the copolymer, while the second must be a bad solvent and therefore must be chosen outside the said solubility area. The solubility area can be determined by the method described by C. M. Hansen in Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 8, 2 (1969), reporting, according to the main components 5P and SH of the solubility parameter, the solvents in which the copolymer is soluble for more than 10% by weight (solubility area) and for less than 10%. The attached drawing is a diagram of this type, where the points indicate the good solvents while the crosses indicate the bad solvents, and where the numbers 1-25 indicate the following solvents:
1 = diossano 1 = dioxane
2 = toluene 2 = toluene
3 = di-isobutil-chetone 3 = di-isobutyl-ketone
4 = clorobenzene 4 = chlorobenzene
5 = o-diclorobenzene 5 = o-dichlorobenzene
6 = cloruro di acetile 6 = acetyl chloride
5 5
10 10
15 15
20 20
25 25
30 30
35 35
40 40
45 45
50 50
55 55
60 60
65 65
3 3
625965 625965
7 7
= =
propilene carbonato propylene carbonate
8 8
- -
acetonitrile acetonitrile
9 9
- -
di-propilene-glicole di-propylene-glycol
10 10
= =
acido formico formic acid
11 11
= =
acido acetico acetic acid
12 12
= =
butil-cellosolve butyl cellosolve
13 13
= =
m-cresolo m-cresol
14 14
cicloesanolo cyclohexanol
15 15
: :
n-ottanolo n-octanol
16 16
= =
n-decanolo n-decanol
17 17
= =
tetraidrofurano tetrahydrofuran
18 18
= =
cloruro di metilene methylene chloride
19 19
- -
cicloesanone cyclohexanone
20 20
isoforone isophorone
21 21
: :
piridina pyridine
22 22
= =
metil-etil-chetone methyl ethyl ketone
23 23
= =
acetone acetone
24 24
= =
di-metil-formammide of-methylformamide
25 25
- -
di-metil-solfossido. a-methyl-sulfoxide.
Le coordinate del diagramma rappresentano le due principali componenti del parametro di solubilità, e precisamente: 8p = contributo all'attrazione intermolecolare delle forze dipolo-dipolo, §H = contributo all'attrazione intermolecolare dei legami idrogeno. The coordinates of the diagram represent the two main components of the solubility parameter, namely: 8p = contribution to the intermolecular attraction of the dipole-dipole forces, §H = contribution to the intermolecular attraction of the hydrogen bonds.
Così, ad esempio, si rileva dal diagramma che il tetrai-drofurano 17 ed il butilcellosolve 12 possono costituire una coppia di solvente/non-solvente adatta ai fini della presente invenzione. In tale coppia il butilcellosolve (etilene glicol monobutiletere) serve da limitatore di solubilità del copolimero nel tetraidrofurano. Una volta disciolto il copolimero, si spalma la soluzione su una lastra di vetro o altro supporto temporaneo adatto e si lascia evaporare parzialmente in modo che alla superficie dello strato spalmato si formi una sottilissima pellicola gelatinosa. S'interrompe l'evaporazione immergendo la lastra di vetro in acqua fredda, per cui nello strato spalmato si ha la precipitazione del copolimero in forma di membrana. Quindi, si spella la membrana dalla lastra, Thus, for example, it can be seen from the diagram that tetrai-drofuran 17 and butylcellosolve 12 can constitute a solvent / non-solvent pair suitable for the purposes of the present invention. In this pair, butylcellosolve (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) serves as a solubility limiter for the copolymer in tetrahydrofuran. Once the copolymer is dissolved, the solution is spread on a glass plate or other suitable temporary support and it is left to evaporate partially so that a very thin gelatinous film forms on the surface of the coated layer. The evaporation is stopped by immersing the glass plate in cold water, whereby the copolymer precipitates in the form of a membrane in the form of a membrane. Then, peel off the membrane from the plate,
la si lava a fondo (1-3 ore) in acqua corrente e poi s'immerge per almeno 5 ore in acqua calda ad una temperatura da 40°C a 60°C (preferibilmente circa 7 ore a 50°C). In questo modo si ottiene una membrana a struttura asimmetrica, 5 comprendente un substrato portante di copolimero ad elevata porosità e resistenza meccanica ricoperto su una faccia di una sottilissima pellicola avente proprietà perm-selettive. it is washed thoroughly (1-3 hours) in running water and then immersed for at least 5 hours in hot water at a temperature from 40 ° C to 60 ° C (preferably about 7 hours at 50 ° C). In this way an asymmetrical structure membrane 5 is obtained comprising a bearing substrate of copolymer with high porosity and mechanical strength covered on a face of a very thin film having perm-selective properties.
Esempio io Si sciolgono 10 g di copolimero vinile cloruro-acetato (9% in peso di vinile acetato) in 30 mi di tetraidrofurano; si aggiungono 5 mi di idrossido di potassio 0,5 N in metanolo; si agita per 30' a temperatura ambiente. A capo di questo tempo l'idrolisi è completa ed il copolimero idroliz-15 zato contiene circa 6,7 mol. % di gruppi di alcol vinilico. Si versa la soluzione ottenuta in circa 500 mi di acqua fredda: il copolimero idrolizzato precipita; lo si lava a fondo con acqua fredda, quindi lo si essicca sottovuoto a 50°C per circa 7 giorni. EXAMPLE 10 10 g of vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer (9% by weight of vinyl acetate) are dissolved in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran; 5 ml of 0.5 N potassium hydroxide are added in methanol; stir for 30 'at room temperature. At the end of this time the hydrolysis is complete and the hydrolyzed copolymer contains about 6.7 mol. % of vinyl alcohol groups. The solution obtained is poured into about 500 ml of cold water: the hydrolyzed copolymer precipitates; it is thoroughly washed with cold water, then dried under vacuum at 50 ° C for about 7 days.
20 Si prepara quindi una soluzione di questo copolimero al 22 % (in peso) in una miscela tetraidrofurano-butilcello-solve (nel rapporto 1:1,8 in volume); la soluzione viene spalmata su vetro, evaporata per 10" a temperatura ambiente, prcipitata in acqua a 15°C; la membrana viene poi staccata 25 dal supporto, lavata per 2 ore in acqua corrente e infine immersa per 7 ore in acqua a 50°C. Si ottiene una membrana molto flessibile e robusta, di colore giallo pallido, spessa intorno ai 50 |xm (a umido). 20 A solution of this copolymer is then prepared at 22% (by weight) in a tetrahydrofuran-butylcell-solve mixture (in the ratio 1: 1.8 by volume); the solution is spread on glass, evaporated for 10 "at room temperature, dried in water at 15 ° C; the membrane is then detached 25 from the support, washed for 2 hours in running water and finally immersed for 7 hours in water at 50 ° C. A very flexible and robust membrane is obtained, pale yellow in color, around 50 | xm thick (wet).
Alcune membrane preparate nel modo ora descritto so-30 no state provate in cella per osmosi inversa (alimento: soluzione 0,011 N di pirofosfato rameico; velocità di circolazione dell'alimento: 1,7 m/sec; pressione: 60 atm; temperatura: 25°C): i risultati ottenuti sono indicati nella tabella che segue: Dopo la prova le membrane suddette sono state immer-35 se per 5 giorni rispettivamente in una soluzione acquosa di acido solforico (pH= 1,6) e di idrossido sodico (pH= 11,4), alla temperatura di 50°C. Al termine dell'immersione le membrane sono state riprovate nella cella per osmosi inversa; i risultati sono raccolti nella tabella. Some membranes prepared in the manner described above have been tested in a reverse osmosis cell (food: 0.011 N solution of cupric pyrophosphate; food circulation speed: 1.7 m / sec; pressure: 60 atm; temperature: 25 ° C): the results obtained are indicated in the following table: After the test the above membranes were immersed for 5 days in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (pH = 1.6) and sodium hydroxide (pH respectively = 11.4), at a temperature of 50 ° C. At the end of the immersion the membranes were retried in the cell by reverse osmosis; the results are collected in the table.
Risultati delle prove per osmosi inversa Reverse osmosis test results
Caratteristiche osmotiche Caratteristiche osmotiche dopo permanenza Osmotic characteristics Osmotic characteristics after permanence
Membrana Spessore iniziali apH 1,6 a pH 11,4 Membrane Initial thickness apH 1.6 at pH 11.4
No. ([im) Permeabilità Reiezione Cu Permeabilità Reiezione Cu Permeabilità Reiezione Cu No. ([im) Permeability Rejection Cu Permeability Rejection Cu Permeability Rejection Cu
(l/m2-giorno) (%) (l/m2-giorno) (%) (l/m2-giorno) (%) (l / m2-day) (%) (l / m2-day) (%) (l / m2-day) (%)
1 1
50 50
220 220
89 89
200 200
94 94
— -
— -
2 2
40 40
230 230
94 94
250 250
80 80
— -
— -
3 3
50 50
120 120
91 91
150 150
92 ninety two
— -
— -
4 4
35 35
200 200
85 85
— -
— -
230 230
80 80
5 5
50 50
130 130
89 89
— -
— -
171 171
84 84
6 6
35 35
116 116
81 81
— -
— -
250 250
90 90
v v
1 foglio disegni 1 sheet of drawings
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT926375 | 1975-09-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH625965A5 true CH625965A5 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
Family
ID=11128045
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CH1138176A CH625965A5 (en) | 1975-09-11 | 1976-09-08 | Reverse osmosis membrane and process for making it |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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CH (1) | CH625965A5 (en) |
-
1976
- 1976-09-08 CH CH1138176A patent/CH625965A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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