CH620663A5 - Process for the manufacture of a hydraulic mortar or concrete - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the manufacture of mortars or hydraulic concretes from industrial waste products.

It relates more particularly to a process for manufacturing a hydraulic mortar or concrete from a metallurgical slag and a residual product from the process for manufacturing ammonia soda.

A major difficulty encountered in the operation of ammonia welders as described in the work entitled "Manufacture of soda", by Te-Pang-Hou, Hafner Publishing Company, 1969, lies in the evacuation of residual products from distillation columns for mother liquors resulting from the precipitation of sodium bicarbonate. These residual products consist of aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium chloride, containing in suspension various insoluble salts, in particular aluminate, silicate, carbonate and calcium sulphate, as well as silica, oxides of iron and calcium hydroxide.

It has been proposed, in a study by A. Kryzanovskaja published in the review "Stroitelnye materialy", 1958, vol. 4, pp. 25-26, to use this residual sludge to make metallurgical cements. For this purpose, a granulated blast furnace slag is intimately mixed with wet sludge (containing approximately 75 to 80% of water), at a rate of approximately 85% slag for 15% sludge, then the mixture thus dried is dried. and it is ground until a cement powder having a specific surface of approximately 3000 cm2 / g is obtained.

The metallurgical cements thus obtained allow the manufacture of mortars having mechanical properties comparable to those of traditional blast furnace cements.

Although this partially solves the problem of eliminating distillation residues from ammonia welders by allowing them to be used at the same time, this known process has the disadvantage of consuming a lot of energy because of the high content of water from the welder's sludge, this water having to be removed during the drying operation. The drying operation may also be detrimental to the qualities of the cement, because of the presence of carbon dioxide in the drying gases.

It has now been found that it is possible to remedy this drawback of the known process, by directly manufacturing a hydraulic mortar or concrete by incorporating a metallurgical slag and filler material, in the residual aqueous suspension of the distillation columns of the ammonia welders, without intermediate production of an anhydrous cement.

Consequently, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hydraulic mortar or concrete, according to which a hydraulic binder, an activator, optionally a filler and / or an additive and water, the binder, are mixed. hydraulic comprising a metallurgical slag, and the activator and the water being constituted at least partially by a residual aqueous suspension of a distillation column of an ammonia welder.

In the process according to the invention, the activator has the function of initiating the setting of the hydraulic binder in the presence of water.

The process according to the invention applies equally to the manufacture of mortars or hydraulic concretes. In the particular case where it applies to the manufacture of a hydraulic mortar, a siliceous filler material such as sand is usually incorporated into the mixture of slag and residual welder suspension; in the case where it is applied to the manufacture of hydraulic concrete, aggregates commonly used in concrete compositions are incorporated into the mixture of slag and aqueous suspension, residual from the welder, for example a mixture of gravel and sand.

In the process according to the invention, it is possible to use the aqueous residual suspensions as they leave the distillation columns of the welders with ammonia. However, it is advantageous to concentrate these aqueous suspensions beforehand, for example by decantation, so that they contain between approximately 20 and 60% by weight of dry matter, preferably between 25 and 50%.

According to the invention, the metallurgical slag is advantageously a glassy steel slag, for example a basic slag granulated from a blast furnace.

As a variant, it is also possible to use a steel slag, obtained in vitreous form and containing hydraulic compounds.

It is optionally possible to incorporate, in the mortar composition, in addition to the metallurgical slag, portland cement or other binders.

The properties of the mortars and concretes obtained by applying the process according to the invention depend, all other things being equal, on the grain size or fineness of grinding of the slag. According to the invention, it is advantageous to adjust the fineness of grinding of the slag between substantially 1000 and 8000 Blaines, preferably 3000 and 6000 Blaines.

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To reinforce the mechanical properties of the products made from the mortars and concretes obtained by the process according to the invention, it is possible to incorporate into the mixture of slag and residual welder slurry additional fillers commonly used in mortar compositions or hydraulic concrete, for example gravel, glass particles, mineral and / or organic fibers. It is also possible to incorporate into the mixture additives commonly used to improve the thermal and / or sound insulation properties of materials, for example vermiculite, perlite, cork, wood shavings, expanded polystyrene.

In an advantageous variant of the process according to the invention, fibrils of a synthetic polymer and a wetting agent of the polymer are incorporated into the mixture of slag and residual welder suspension, as described and claimed in French patent application No. 7603021. of February 2, 1976 in the name of Solvay.

It is also possible, according to the invention, to incorporate into the mixture of slag and residual soldering agent adjuvants commonly used to impart specific properties to hydraulic mortars, for example fluidizers, thickeners, plasticizers, water repellents, pigments, in amounts known per se in hydraulic mortar compositions.

The process according to the invention applies in particular to obtaining hydraulic mortars or concretes intended for the manufacture of rigid, compact, non-cellular building materials, such as bricks, tiles, slabs, posts, stakes. , slabs, etc.

As a variant, the process according to the invention can also find an interesting application for obtaining mortars intended for the manufacture of rigid cellular structure building materials, after incorporation of a siliceous filler material and a porophore agent. to the mixture of slag and aqueous residual welder suspension. It is thus possible to manufacture, in particular cellular, usable in masonry in the building industry and having good acoustic and thermal insulation properties. As a variant, these cellular materials may also include reinforcements intended to reinforce their tensile strength.

The process according to the invention can, for example, be carried out in a grinder-kneader known per se, supplied with slag, aqueous suspension, as well as water, fillers and any adjuvants, and discharging the mortar or concrete in a suitable formwork. As a variant, it is also possible to grind the dry constituents, in particular the slag, then to introduce the ground dry constituents and the residual aqueous suspension of the welder separately into a mixer.

In an advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, applied more especially to the manufacture of non-cellular mortars or concretes, the following is mixed with the aqueous residual suspension containing 100 parts by weight of dry matter, preferably between 75 and 1000 150 and 750 parts by weight of slag, between 200 and 1500, preferably 350 and 1000 parts by weight of siliceous filler material and optionally a sufficient amount of water so that the mixture contains between approximately 100 and 400 parts by weight of water.

The siliceous filler material advantageously consists of sand; alternatively, it may contain fly ash from, for example, thermal power plants for the production of electrical energy.

As a variant, it is possible to incorporate into the aforementioned mixture suitable granulates-lats, such as gravel, to make a concrete.

To obtain cellular mortars, a siliceous filler and a porophore agent are incorporated into the mixture of slag and aqueous residual welder suspension.

As porophore agent, use can be made of substances usually used in the manufacture of cellular concretes, such as, for example, zinc or aluminum powder.

In a particular embodiment of the process according to the invention, an inorganic peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide, can be used as porophore agent. It has in fact been observed, in practice, that it is not necessary, in the process according to the invention, to add to the mortar composition a catalyst or a reagent for decomposing the inorganic peroxide, contrary to what usually teaches literature (Schumb, Satterfield, Wentworth: "Hydrogen peroxide", Rein-hold Publishing Corp., 1955, pp. 467-469 and 611-612).

In a particular embodiment of the process according to the invention, applied to the manufacture of a cellular mortar, the composition of the mixture is adjusted so that it contains, by weight of dry matter of the mixture, between 10 and 70% dry matter of the aqueous suspension of the welder, between 0.03 and 1% of porophore agent and between 15 and 80% of metallurgical slag, the balance being constituted by the siliceous filler material and any additives; the quantity of total water in the mixture is also adjusted so that it is between 30 and 200% of the weight of dry matter of the mixture.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment of the invention, the composition of the mixture is adjusted so that it contains between 15 and 60% of dry matter of the residual welder suspension, between 0.07 and 0.4% porophore agent which is preferably a zinc or aluminum powder, between 20 and 50% of metallurgical slag, preferably a basic granulated slag from a blast furnace, and between 10 and 60% of a siliceous filler material, and the overall amount of water in the mixture is adjusted so that it is between 40 and 100% of the weight of dry matter in the mixture.

To make dense, non-cellular building materials, starting from mortar or concrete obtained by the process according to the invention, it is poured into a formwork, then the formwork is dismantled to extract the material after setting and hardening of the mortar or concrete. According to usual practice, the formwork can be dismantled before or after setting the binder, depending on whether the consistency of the fresh mixture allows it or not.

It is advantageously possible, according to the invention, to set and harden in the formwork in air, at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure. All other things being equal, the mortars and concretes obtained by the process according to the invention thus have the appreciable advantage of considerably reducing energy consumption when they are used for the manufacture of dense, non-cellular building materials. It is obviously possible to accelerate the setting by working at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.

Alternatively, the material can be subjected to compression, before setting, to give it an adequate shape and improve its mechanical strength after hardening.

According to another variant, it is possible to have in the formwork, before pouring the mortar or concrete composition, metal reinforcements intended to reinforce the tensile strength of the material.

It is preferable to treat the steel reinforcements to avoid their corrosion in contact with the slag or the residual suspension of the welder, for example by coating them with a layer of bitumen, with an anticorrosion paint or with a film of material. plastic.

To manufacture rigid and cellular building materials from mortar obtained by the process according to the invention, a blank of the material is shaped with the mortar containing a siliceous filler material and a porophore, it is expanded and the mortar is taken out. the blank, then it is subjected to steaming or autoclaving to achieve complete hardening.

The expansion and setting of the roughing mortar can be carried out at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. However, it is preferable, according to the invention, to carry out the expansion and setting of the mortar at a temperature substantially between 40 and 100 ° C., so as to reduce the duration of the operation. The duration

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4

of the setting and expansion operation can thus be reduced to less than 24 hours.

The blank is preferably subjected to autoclaving at a temperature substantially between 100 and 200 ° C, in the presence of water vapor at a pressure substantially between 5 and 20 kg / cm2.

The process according to the invention has the advantage of requiring, as the main raw material for the binder of the mortar or concrete, only residual products from industry; moreover, it does not require a high temperature drying step in a cement kiln.

The mortars and concretes obtained by the process according to the invention have, moreover, the appreciable advantage of undergoing setting and curing at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, so that they can easily be used on a site and allow the manufacture, at low cost, of construction materials such as, for example, slabs, masonry blocks, bricks, tiles, pipes, beams. It is however obvious that, if it is desired to accelerate the setting and hardening of the mortars and concretes obtained by the process according to the invention, they can be heated to moderate temperature, of the order for example from 40 to 220 ° C.

It has, on the other hand, been observed that, all other things being equal, the mortars obtained by the process according to the invention have mechanical properties superior to those of mortars produced from metallurgical cements obtained by the aforementioned known process of Kryzanovskaja . With comparable mechanical properties, the mortars obtained by the process according to the invention can generally contain a higher content of residual product from the ammonia welder than can the mortars produced from Kryzanovskaja metallurgical cement. The invention thus provides an advantageous solution for discharging the residual sludge from the distillation columns of the welders with ammonia, by allowing their use.

The mortars and concretes obtained by the process according to the invention can easily be used around a metallurgical unit or, preferably, in the vicinity of an ammonia welder, from where they can then be transported to their place of use.

The purpose of the application examples which follow is to illustrate the invention without however limiting its scope.

First series of tests

The following tests apply to the preparation of mortars in accordance with the invention, for the manufacture of dense, non-cellular building materials.

Example 1:

A hydraulic mortar was prepared by mixing a blast furnace slag, sand, mud at 50% by weight of residual dry matter from a distillation column of an ammonia welder, and water.

The compositions of the slag and the sludge, expressed in grams per kilo of dry matter, are recorded in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. (Tables at the top of the next column)

The fineness of grinding of the slag chosen was of the order of 5000 Blaines, while a standard sand of the Rilem-Cembureau type was used.

The composition of the mixture was adjusted so that at 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the mud, it corresponds to 96.3 parts by weight of slag, 247 parts by weight of sand and 174 parts by weight of water.

With the mortar thus obtained, parallelepipedic specimens of 4 x 4 x 16 cm were made.

The compressive strength of the test pieces rose to 90 kg / cm2, 7 days after pouring the mortar; it rose to 147 kg / cm2, after 28 days.

Table 1 Table 2

Blast furnace slag

Welding mud

5

Constituents g / kg

Constituents g / kg

CaO

379.8

CaSO4

129

CaO free

-

CaCOî

285

Si02

330.9

CaOHCl

62

10

AI2O3

140.4

Mg (OH) 2

316

Fe203

2.3

Ca (OH) 2

123

FeO

-

AI2O3

16

MgO

81.5

Fe2Û3

31

Na20

4.8

Ti02

1

15

K2O

5.6

Total SO2

37

Mn203

6.4

TÏO2

-

TÌ2O3

5.2

SrO

-

20

SO3

1.7

Example 2:

The test of Example 1 was repeated, using the same raw materials, but this time adjusting the mortar composition, so that at 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the mud, it corresponds to 154 parts. by weight of milk, 395 parts by weight of sand and 195 parts by weight of water.

3 ° The test pieces produced with this mortar showed a compressive strength equal to 154.5 kg / cm2, after 7 days and to 204 kg / cm2, after 28 days.

Example 3:

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The test of Example 1 was repeated, adjusting the composition of the mortar, so that at 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the mud, it corresponds to 371 parts by weight of slag, 954 parts by weight of sand and 291 parts by weight of water.

40 The test pieces produced with the mortar thus obtained exhibited a compressive strength equal to 150 kg / cm 2 after 7 days and to 269 kg / cm 2 after 28 days.

Example 4:

The test of the preceding examples was repeated, this time using a slag whose fineness of grind corresponds to 3200 Blaines. The composition of the mortar was adjusted so that at 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the mud, it corresponds to 154 parts by weight of slag, 395 parts by weight of sand and 190 parts by weight

50 of water.

The test pieces produced with this mortar showed a compressive strength equal to 170.2 kg / cm2, after 7 days and to 241 kg / cm2, after 28 days.

55 Example 5:

A hydraulic mortar was prepared by applying the method of Example 1, but this time using a sludge containing 27% by weight of dry matter and a slag with fineness of grind of

60 3200 Blaines, the composition of which is listed in Table 3.

(Table at the top of the next columnJ

The composition of the mixture was adjusted so that at 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the mud, it corresponds to 555 parts in

65 slag weights, 555 parts by weight of sand and 317 parts by weight of water.

The test pieces showed a compressive strength equal to 158.5 kg / cm2, after 7 days.

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Table 3

Table 4

Blast furnace slag

Fly ash

Constituents g / kg

Constituents g / kg

CaO

397.67

CaO

72.25

CaO free

-

CaO free

21.47

Si02

340.26

Si02

438.11

A120?

112.59

A1203

206.73

Fe203

-

Fe203

94.39

FeO

29.58

FeO

• -

MgO

66.34

MgO

14.22

Na20

6.63

Na20

9.98

K20

9.35

K20

19.06

Mn203

7.23

Mn203

1.13

Ti02

4.27

Ti02

11.29

Ti2Oj

-

Ti203

-

SrO

0.62

SrO

2.39

SO3

-

SO3

17.08

Example 6:

Tesai of Example 5 was repeated, with the exception of the siliceous filler which consisted of a mixture of 371 parts by weight of sand and 185 parts by weight of fly ash, per 100 parts by weight of material dries mud. Fly ash was chosen with a fineness of grind of 3000 Blaines and the composition of which is listed in Table 4.

A compressive strength equal to 163 kg / cm 2 was noted for the test pieces after 7 days.

Example 7:

The test of Example 5 was repeated, adjusting the composition of the mortar so that it contains, per 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the mud, 741 parts by weight of slag, 741 parts by weight of sand and 333 parts by weight of water.

The test pieces manufactured with this mortar showed a compressive strength equal to 190 kg / cm2, after 7 days.

The results of Examples 1 to 7 are reported in Table 5, relating to mortars obtained by applying the method according to the invention and intended for the manufacture of building materials with a dense, non-cellular structure.

Table 5

Mortar constituents

Examples No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Mud (dry mat)

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Dairy

96.3

154

371

154

555

555

741

Sand

247

395

954

395

555 '

371

741

Fly ash

-

-

-

-

-

185

-

Make-up water

74

95

191

90

46

111

62

Total water

174

195

291

190

317

382

333

Compressive strength (kg / cm2)

- after 7 days

- after 28 days

90,147

154.5 204

150,269

170.2 241

158.5

163

190

By way of comparison, hydraulic mortars obtained from a metallurgical cement such as that described in the abovementioned study by Kryzanovskaja, containing 85% slag and barely 15% of welder distillation residue, exhibited resistance to compression equal to 120 kg / cm2, after 7 days, and to 160 kg / cm2, after 28 days.

A comparison of these results with those of Examples 1 to 7, in accordance with the invention, immediately reveals the advantage of the process according to the invention, with regard to the removal and use of the aqueous residual suspensions of the columns of distillation of the welders with ammonia; the results show, in fact, that the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain hydraulic mortars with mechanical properties at least comparable and generally superior to those of mortars obtained by the known technique of Kryzanovskaja, for contents of welder residues clearly higher.

Second series of tests

The tests of the following examples apply to the manufacture, in accordance with the process according to the invention, of mortars for cellular building materials.

Example 8:

A hydraulic mortar was prepared by mixing a blast furnace slag, sand, a residual mud from a distillation column of an ammonia welder, aluminum powder as porophore agent and water. The respective compositions of the slag and the mud, 45 expressed in grams per kilo of dry matter, are recorded in Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6 Table 7

Blast furnace slag Welder sludge

50

Constituents g / kg

Constituents g / kg

CaO

412

CaS04

130

Si02

333

CaCÛ3

397

A1203

133

Mg (OH) 2

159

Fe2Û3

29

AI2O3

8

MgO

58

Fe203

23

k2o

7

Si02 total

22

Mn203

5

Ti02

6

S

11

The mud used was an aqueous suspension containing, per 65 kg, 363 g of undissolved solid material.

The blast furnace slag was ground to a fineness of 3000 Blaines and the sand used was finely ground sand.

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The composition of the mixture, expressed in% by weight of total dry matter, was adjusted as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 30.8%

Dry solder mud: 15.5%

Sand: 53.7% s

Aluminum powder: 0.07%

Total water: 49.5%

The mortar thus produced was poured into a polyethylene mold, and the expansion and setting of the mortar was allowed to take place in the mold for 24 h, at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. The blank thus produced was then extracted from the mold and treated in an autoclave, with steam at 180 ° C, under pressure of 12 kg / cm2, for 8 h, so as to complete setting. and to carry out the hardening of the mortar. After cooling the material thus obtained, cubic specimens 4 cm in side were cut from it, the following characteristics of which were noted:

Apparent specific weight: 0.74 kg / dm2 Compressive strength: 47.1 kg / cm2

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Example 9:

The test of Example 8 was repeated, this time adjusting the composition of the mixture of the mortar composition as follows: Blast furnace slag: 46.1%

Dry solder mud: 15.5%

Sand: 38.4%

Aluminum powder: 0.13%

Total water: 51%

The cellular test tubes produced from this mortar composition exhibited the following characteristics:

Apparent specific weight: 0.70 kg / dm3 Compressive strength: 79 kg / cm2

Example 10:

The test of Example 8 was repeated with a blast furnace slag having a fineness of grind of 4000 Blaines. We also regulated the mortar composition as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 23%

Dry matter from soldering mud: 30.8%

Sand: 46.2% 40

Aluminum powder: 0.10%

Total water: 78.0%

The following characteristics were noted on the test pieces: Apparent specific weight: 0.63 kg / dm3

Compressive strength: 43.0 kg / cm2 "

Example 11:

A hydraulic mortar was prepared by applying the method of Example 8, using the blast furnace slag from Table 6, ground to a fineness of grind of 4000 Blaines and a residual sludge from distiller from welder to the ammonia, the composition of which is given in Table 8, in grams per kilo of dry matter of said sludge. This sludge contained contained, per kilo, 303 g of solid matter in suspension.

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Table 8

The mortar composition was adjusted as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 38.5%

Dry solder mud: 15.5%

Sand: 46.0%

Aluminum powder: 0.1%

Total water: 47.4%

The cellular material test pieces obtained from this mortar, as described in Example 8, exhibited the following characteristics:

Apparent specific weight: 0.86 kg / dm3 Compressive strength: 73.4 kg / cm2

Example 12:

The test of Example 11 was repeated with the following mortar composition:

Blast furnace slag: 33.0%

Dry matter from the residual soldering mud: 40.0%

Sand: 32.0%

Aluminum powder: 0.2%

Total water: 77.4%

The test pieces had the following characteristics: Apparent specific weight: 0.61 kg / dm3 Compressive strength: 45.3 kg / cm2

Example 13:

A hydraulic mortar was prepared by applying the method of Example 8, using a 4000 Blaine blast furnace slag, the composition of which is listed in Table 9, sand and a residual ammonia distiller mud, the composition of which is given in Table 10. This sludge contained, per kilo, 366 g of solid matter in suspension.

Table 9

Table 10

Blast furnace slag

Welding mud

Constituents g / kg

Constituents g / kg

CaO

424

CaS04

203

SO2

337

CaC03

691

AI2O3

138

Mg (OH) 2

37

Fe203

18

AI2O3

11

MgO

58

Fe203

5

K20

10

Total SO2

13

Mn2Û3

10

1ï02

9

S

14

Welding mud

Constituents g / kg

CaS04

145

CaCÛ3

374

Mg (OH) 2

237

AI2O3

20

Fe203

10

Total SO2

73

The composition of the mortar was adjusted as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 30%

Dry matter from soldering mud: 50%

Sand: 20%

Aluminum powder: 0.094%

Total water: 77%

The cellular material test pieces obtained from this mortar, as described in Example 8, exhibited the following characteristics:

Apparent specific weight: 0.66 kg / dm3 Compressive strength: 37.9 kg / cm2

Example 14:

The test of Example 8 was repeated using, to prepare the mortar, the residual mud of the welder, the composition of which is mentioned in Table 8, fly ash as siliceous filler, the composition of which is that of the table 4, and a slag from

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blast furnace at 3100 Blaines, whose weight composition is that mentioned in Table 9.

The prepared mortar had the following composition by weight, expressed as a% of the total weight of dry matter:

Blast furnace slag: 32.0%

Dry matter from soldering mud: 36.0%

Fly ash: 32.0%

Aluminum powder: 0.12%

Total water: 81.0%

The test pieces made from this mortar composition exhibited the following characteristics:

Apparent specific weight: 0.66 kg / dm3 Compressive strength: 34.4 kg / cm2 The results of Examples 8 to 14 concerning the application of the invention to the manufacture of building materials are shown in Table 11. cell structure.

Table 11

Mortar constituents

Examples No.

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Blast furnace slag

30.8

46.1

23

38.5

33.0

30

32.0

Soudière mud (dry mat)

15.5

15.5

30.8

15.5

40.0

50

36.0

Sand

53.7

38.4

46.2

46.0

32.0

20

-

Fly ash

-

-

-

-

-

-

32.0

Aluminum powder

0.07

0.13

0.10

0.1

0.2

0.094

0.12

Total water

49.5

51

78.0

47.4

77.4

77

81.0

Test tubes

Apparent specific weight

(kg / dm3)

0.74

0.70

0.63

0.86

0.61

0.66

0.66

Res. at compression

(kg / cm2)

47.1

79

43.0

73.4

45.3

37.9

34.4

By way of comparison, the apparent specific gravity and the compressive strength of a few commercial cellular structure blocks, based on hydraulic mortar, commonly used in the building industry were measured. Two cell blocks from the firm Durox (Netherlands) and three cell blocks from the brand Siporex (Siporex GmbH) were examined successively. The results obtained are reported in Table 12.

Table 12

Origin of Specific Weight Res. to the apparent compression material

(kg / dm3) (kg / cm2)

0.67 55.0

0.65 51.5

0.65 39

0.61 33.5

0.61 26.5

A comparison of Tables 11 and 12 shows that the cellular materials in accordance with the invention have mechanical characteristics at least comparable, or even superior, to those of commercial cellular materials, commonly used in the building industry.

Durox

Durox

Siporex

Siporex

Siporex

R

Claims (10)

620 663 1. A method of manufacturing a hydraulic mortar or concrete, according to which a hydraulic binder is mixed comprising a metallurgical slag, an activator of the slag and water, characterized in that the activator and the water are formed at at least partially by a residual aqueous suspension from a distillation column of an ammonia welder. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the residual aqueous suspension contains between 40 and 50% by weight of dry matter. 2 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallurgical slag comprises a basic blast furnace slag, granulated. 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a siliceous filler material is added to the mixture. 5. Method according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that one regulates the fineness of grinding the slag between 3000 and 6000 Blaines. 6. Method according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the residual aqueous suspension containing 100 parts by weight of dry matter, is mixed between 75 and 1000 parts by weight of slag, between 200 and 1500 parts in weight of siliceous filler material and water in sufficient quantity to give the mixture between 100 and 400 parts by weight of water. 7. Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a porophore agent is added to the mixture, chosen from hydrogen peroxide and an aluminum or zinc powder. 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the composition of the mixture is adjusted so that it contains, by weight of dry matter of the mixture, between 10 and 70% of dry matter of the aqueous suspension, between 0 , 03 and 1% of porophore agent and between 15 and 80% of metallurgical slag, the balance being constituted by the siliceous filler material and any additives, and in that the total amount of water in the mixture is between 30 and 200% of the weight of dry matter of the mixture. 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the composition of the mixture is adjusted so that it contains, by weight of dry matter of the mixture, between 15 and 60% of dry matter of the aqueous suspension, between 0 , 07 and 0.4% of pore-forming agent, between 20 and 50% of metallurgical slag and between 10 and 60% of a siliceous filler material, and in that the total amount of water in the mixture is between 40 and 100% of the dry matter weight of the mixture. 10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mixture contains, in addition, as a binder, Portland cement.