CH615463A5 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- CH615463A5 CH615463A5 CH697975A CH697975A CH615463A5 CH 615463 A5 CH615463 A5 CH 615463A5 CH 697975 A CH697975 A CH 697975A CH 697975 A CH697975 A CH 697975A CH 615463 A5 CH615463 A5 CH 615463A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum oxide
- cooling
- melt
- crust
- cryolite
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 aluminum halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101100004392 Arabidopsis thaliana BHLH147 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Priority Applications (19)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH697975A CH615463A5 (no) | 1975-05-30 | 1975-05-30 | |
| ZA762736A ZA762736B (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-07 | Protective material made of corundum crystals |
| US05/687,636 US4049511A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-18 | Protective material made of corundum crystals |
| FR7615845A FR2312574A1 (fr) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-25 | Materiau de protection a base de cristaux de corindon |
| SE7605937*7A SE7605937L (sv) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-25 | Isolatormaterial |
| SU762362656A SU683638A3 (ru) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-26 | Способ формировани настыли в ванне дл электролитического получени алюмини |
| AU14300/76A AU500358B2 (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-26 | Protective crusts of corondum on surfaces |
| PH18487A PH13039A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Protective material made of corundum crystals |
| NL7605776A NL7605776A (nl) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Beschermend materiaal, bestaande uit korundkris- tallen. |
| GB22203/76A GB1513482A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Manufacture of protective crusts of corundum on surfaces |
| CA253,566A CA1080151A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Forming crust in electrolysis of salt charge of aluminium oxide content above eutectic point |
| IT23770/76A IT1060874B (it) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Materiale protettivo a fase di cristalli di corindone |
| AT391576A AT354746B (de) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kompakten krustenfoermigen schutzmaterials in einer zelle fuer die schmelzflusselektrolyse von aluminium- oxid aus kuehlflaeche zur durchfuehrung des ver- fahrens |
| NO761813A NO144640C (no) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et kompakt, skorpeformet beskyttelsesmaterial i en celle for smelteelektrolyse av aluminiumoksyd |
| BR3410/76A BR7603410A (pt) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-28 | Processo para obtencao de uma crosta protetora superficie de refrigeracao para sua execucao e sua aplicacao na eletrolise de oxido de aluminio |
| EG313/76A EG12225A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-29 | Protective material made of crystals |
| JP51063423A JPS51146311A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-31 | Method of making insulate clust |
| DE2624368A DE2624368C3 (de) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-05-31 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht |
| US05/818,112 US4170533A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1977-07-22 | Refractory article for electrolysis with a protective coating made of corundum crystals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH697975A CH615463A5 (no) | 1975-05-30 | 1975-05-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH615463A5 true CH615463A5 (no) | 1980-01-31 |
Family
ID=4318031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH697975A CH615463A5 (no) | 1975-05-30 | 1975-05-30 |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4049511A (no) |
| JP (1) | JPS51146311A (no) |
| AT (1) | AT354746B (no) |
| AU (1) | AU500358B2 (no) |
| BR (1) | BR7603410A (no) |
| CA (1) | CA1080151A (no) |
| CH (1) | CH615463A5 (no) |
| DE (1) | DE2624368C3 (no) |
| EG (1) | EG12225A (no) |
| FR (1) | FR2312574A1 (no) |
| GB (1) | GB1513482A (no) |
| IT (1) | IT1060874B (no) |
| NL (1) | NL7605776A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO144640C (no) |
| PH (1) | PH13039A (no) |
| SE (1) | SE7605937L (no) |
| SU (1) | SU683638A3 (no) |
| ZA (1) | ZA762736B (no) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2805374C2 (de) * | 1978-02-09 | 1982-07-15 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflußelektrolyse |
| US4222841A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-09-16 | Alumax Inc. | Hall cell |
| US4685514A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-08-11 | Aluminum Company Of America | Planar heat exchange insert and method |
| US4702312A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-10-27 | Aluminum Company Of America | Thin rod packing for heat exchangers |
| US4705106A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1987-11-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Wire brush heat exchange insert and method |
| US4678548A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1987-07-07 | Aluminum Company Of America | Corrosion-resistant support apparatus and method of use for inert electrodes |
| JPH04101100U (ja) * | 1991-02-06 | 1992-09-01 | 澄宏 長谷川 | ガスボンベの保持装置 |
| NO313462B1 (no) | 2000-06-07 | 2002-10-07 | Elkem Materials | Elektrolysecelle for fremstilling av aluminium, en rekke elektrolyseceller i en elektrolysehall, fremgangsmåte for åopprettholde en kruste på en sidevegg i en elektrolysecelle samtfremgangsmåte for gjenvinning av elektrisk energi fra en elektr |
| CN102368397B (zh) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-01-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种耐冰晶石腐蚀的绝缘材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| GB2564456A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-16 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Electrolysis cell for Hall-Héroult process, with cooling pipes for forced air cooling |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1534322A (en) * | 1922-12-21 | 1925-04-21 | Aluminum Co Of America | Electrolytic cell and method of lining the same |
| US1531528A (en) * | 1924-01-16 | 1925-03-31 | Aluminum Co Of America | Gauging depths in an electrolytic cell |
| CH575014A5 (no) * | 1973-05-25 | 1976-04-30 | Alusuisse |
-
1975
- 1975-05-30 CH CH697975A patent/CH615463A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-05-07 ZA ZA762736A patent/ZA762736B/xx unknown
- 1976-05-18 US US05/687,636 patent/US4049511A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-05-25 SE SE7605937*7A patent/SE7605937L/xx unknown
- 1976-05-25 FR FR7615845A patent/FR2312574A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-05-26 AU AU14300/76A patent/AU500358B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-26 SU SU762362656A patent/SU683638A3/ru active
- 1976-05-28 GB GB22203/76A patent/GB1513482A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-28 AT AT391576A patent/AT354746B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-05-28 CA CA253,566A patent/CA1080151A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-28 IT IT23770/76A patent/IT1060874B/it active
- 1976-05-28 NL NL7605776A patent/NL7605776A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-05-28 BR BR3410/76A patent/BR7603410A/pt unknown
- 1976-05-28 PH PH18487A patent/PH13039A/en unknown
- 1976-05-28 NO NO761813A patent/NO144640C/no unknown
- 1976-05-29 EG EG313/76A patent/EG12225A/xx active
- 1976-05-31 DE DE2624368A patent/DE2624368C3/de not_active Expired
- 1976-05-31 JP JP51063423A patent/JPS51146311A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2624368C3 (de) | 1978-08-31 |
| JPS5527153B2 (no) | 1980-07-18 |
| DE2624368B2 (de) | 1978-01-05 |
| SU683638A3 (ru) | 1979-08-30 |
| NO144640B (no) | 1981-06-29 |
| NL7605776A (nl) | 1976-12-02 |
| BR7603410A (pt) | 1976-12-21 |
| PH13039A (en) | 1979-11-21 |
| IT1060874B (it) | 1982-09-30 |
| DE2624368A1 (de) | 1976-12-02 |
| CA1080151A (en) | 1980-06-24 |
| NO144640C (no) | 1981-10-07 |
| GB1513482A (en) | 1978-06-07 |
| ATA391576A (de) | 1979-06-15 |
| FR2312574B1 (no) | 1980-04-11 |
| AT354746B (de) | 1979-01-25 |
| AU1430076A (en) | 1977-12-01 |
| JPS51146311A (en) | 1976-12-15 |
| EG12225A (en) | 1979-03-31 |
| SE7605937L (sv) | 1976-12-01 |
| AU500358B2 (en) | 1979-05-17 |
| ZA762736B (en) | 1977-04-27 |
| NO761813L (no) | 1976-12-01 |
| FR2312574A1 (fr) | 1976-12-24 |
| US4049511A (en) | 1977-09-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |