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CH541533A - Natually accuring bicycle terpene prepn - Google Patents

Natually accuring bicycle terpene prepn

Info

Publication number
CH541533A
CH541533A CH1031770A CH1031770A CH541533A CH 541533 A CH541533 A CH 541533A CH 1031770 A CH1031770 A CH 1031770A CH 1031770 A CH1031770 A CH 1031770A CH 541533 A CH541533 A CH 541533A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
oxidation
valencene
bicyclic
dehydration
accuring
Prior art date
Application number
CH1031770A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl-Heinrich Dr Schulte-Elte
G Dr Fracheboud Michel
Guenther Dr Ohloff
Original Assignee
Firmenich & Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Firmenich & Cie filed Critical Firmenich & Cie
Priority to CH1031770A priority Critical patent/CH541533A/en
Priority to DE19702035901 priority patent/DE2035901A1/en
Priority to DE2065461*A priority patent/DE2065461A1/en
Priority to FR707026797A priority patent/FR2073299B1/fr
Priority to GB01542/72A priority patent/GB1299299A/en
Priority to JP6424670A priority patent/JPS4935263B1/ja
Priority to NL7010833A priority patent/NL7010833A/xx
Priority to GB35633/70A priority patent/GB1299298A/en
Publication of CH541533A publication Critical patent/CH541533A/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/27Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/32Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
    • C07C45/33Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
    • C07C45/34Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L27/00Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/20Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
    • A23L27/203Alicyclic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C35/00Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C35/22Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, at least one hydroxy group bound to a condensed ring system
    • C07C35/23Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, at least one hydroxy group bound to a condensed ring system with hydroxy on a condensed ring system having two rings
    • C07C35/36Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, at least one hydroxy group bound to a condensed ring system with hydroxy on a condensed ring system having two rings the condensed ring system being a (4.4.0) system, e.g. naphols

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A naturally occurring bicyclic ketone (noot Ratone) of general formula: is prepd. by the oxidation of valencene and then either (a) dehydration directly to the bicyclic ketone, or (b) reduction to the carbinol followed by oxidation to the bicyclic ketone. A dehydration agent e.g. a strong inorganic base (NaOH or KOH) may be used in step (a). For the oxidation step, a catalyst e.g. of Cr or Mg may be used with the oxygen; alternatively, a free-radical initiator may be present. The bicyclic ketones are useful in the manufacture of synthetic grape-fruit aromas.

Description

  

  
 



   La présente invention a pour objet un procédé pour la préparation d'une cétone bicyclique de formule:
EMI1.1     

 La cétone ci-dessus, plus connue sous le nom de nootkatone, est un composé fort apprécié dans l'industrie des arômes. La nootkatone possède en effet un goût et un arôme très particuliers, relativement piquants, et confère aux aliments et boissons auxquels elle est incorporée la note gustative typique de certains agrumes. On considère à juste titre que la nootkatone est indispensable à la reconstitution d'un arôme de pamplemousse de qualité supérieure.



   La nootkatone est un produit naturel et a notamment été extraite de l'essence d'un conifère nordique, Chamae   paris    nootkatensis, et de certains agrumes [voir par exemple: Acta Chem. Scand. 16, 1311 (1962); J. Food Sci.



  29. 565 (1964); Tetrahedron Letters 1965, 4779]. De telles extractions ne peuvent être cependant appliquées à l'échelon industriel, étant donné le prix de revient extrêmement élevé de la nootkatone ainsi obtenue.



   La nootkatone peut être cependant préparée par voie synthétique, par oxydation du valencène au moyen de chromate de tert-butyle par exemple [voir à ce sujet J. Food Sci.



     30,    876 (1965)]. Un tel procédé n'est cependant pas rentable pour l'industrie: le chromate de tert-butyle est relativement coûteux et les résidus contenant des sels de chromes sont extrêmement difficiles à éliminer, en tant que   sous    produits de l'industrie chimique.



   L'objet de la présente invention consiste en un procédé pour la préparation de la nootkatone par oxydation du valencène au moyen d'oxygène à l'état de singulet ou de triplet, caractérisé en ce qu'on déshydrate le produit d'oxydation du valencène ainsi obtenu.



   Celui-ci a notamment l'avantage de ne pas présenter les inconvénients décrits plus haut.



   La réaction de déshydratation peut s'opérer de façon spontanée. On l'effectue cependant de préférence en présence d'un agent de déshydratation. A de telles fins, on peut utiliser des sels de métaux lourds, en présence d'acides organiques tels que l'acide formique, acétique, propionique ou hutynque par exemple, ou en présence de bases organiques telles que la pyridine, la diéthylaniline, I'aniline ou la morpholine par exemple. Le tétracétate de plomb en présence d'acide acétique. ou le chlorure cuivreux en présence de pyridine. constituent des agents de déshydratation particulièrement efficaces [voir à ce sujet S. Schroeter, Dissertation,   Max-Planck-lnstîtut    für Kohlenforschung,   Mülheim/Ruhr,   
 1962]. Comme agents déshydratants, on peut en outre utiliser des bases minérales telles que l'hydroxyde de sodium ou potassium.



   Le milieu au sein duquel se déroule ladite déshydratation varie en fonction de l'agent déshydratant choisi. Ainsi, lors de l'emploi d'un hydroxyde de métal alcalin. on utilise de préférence un alcool tel que le méthanol, I'éthanol. I'isopropanol ou le n-butanol par exemple. On peut en outre effectuer ladite déshydratation en présence d'un second solvant organique. On peut ainsi utiliser un éther comme le tétrahydrofuranne, le dioxanne ou l'éther éthylique par exemple, ou un ester tel l'acétate d'éthyle ou de butyle. ou encore un hydrocarbure tel que le pentane, I'hexane. le cyclohexane. le benzène ou le toluène par exemple   OU    tout
 mélange d'au moins deux des solvants précités.



   Lorsque l'oxydation du valencène a été conduite dans   l'un    des solvants ou mélanges de solvants susmentionnés, il n'est pas nécessaire d'isoler le produit d'oxydation obtenu, avant de le soumettre à la déshydratation.



   Cependant, lorsque   l'on    utilise, comme agent déshydratant, un sel de métal lourd en présence d'un acide ou d'une base organique, on opère de préférence en l'absence de tout solvant hydroxylé. Il est dès lors avantageux d'éliminer un tel solvant du mélange réactionnel et de procéder à ladite déshydratation en présence d'un solvant organique inerte tel que ceux précédemment décrits. On peut en outre substituer ledit solvant par l'acide ou la base organique utilisé conjointement au sel de métal lourd choisi. Ainsi. lors de l'emploi de tétracétate de plomb, ladite déshydratation   ezt    conduite dans l'acide acétique glacial. Lors de l'emplo; dc chlorure cuivreux, cette réaction s'effectue de   préférence    en présence de pyridine anhydre.



   L'oxydation du valencène au moyen d'oxygène à   l'at    de singulet s'effectue de préférence par photooxygénation sensibilisée, selon la méthode décrite dans le brevet suisse
No 523214. L'oxydation du valencène au moyen d'oxygène à l'état de triplet s'effectue de préférence par autoxydation, en présence de générateurs de radicaux libres, selon la méthode décrite dans la demande de brevet   N"    3295/72.



   La présente invention est illustrée de façon plus détaillée à l'aide des exemples ci-après. Dans lesdits exemples, les températures sont indiquées en degrés centigrades.



   Exemple I
 Dans une cuve à irradiation en verre Pyrex, on a introduit 20,2 g (0,1 mole) de valencène, 0,3 g de Rose-Bengale, 0,5 g de carbonate de potassium, 80   ml    de méthanol et 60   ml    de benzène. On a ensuite irradié le mélange à   15te,    au moyen d'une lampe UV de 125 watts, y faisant passer un courant d'oxygène, lequel était absorbé à raison de 4 à 5 ml/mn.



   Après absorption d'environ   1620 ml    de gaz. on a maintenu le mélange réactionnel durant 2 jours à température ambiante. Après refroidissement à   00,    on y a ajouté goutte à goutte, et sous agitation, une solution de 15 g de KOH dans
 60 ml de méthanol. On a ensuite poursuivi l'agitation à température ambiante. jusqu'à ce que le mélange réactionnel se révèle exempt de tout produit oxydant (test au papier amidon + KI).



   On a ensuite versé ledit mélange dans un égal volume d'eau et neutralisé le tout par addition de glace carbonique.



   Le mélange a ensuite été extrait à l'éther de pétrole   (Eb.    60
   80ç > )    et les extraits organiques lavés, séchés et concentrés
 selon les techniques usuelles. On a ainsi obtenu 16g d'un résidu qui. après distillation sous pression réduite   (Eb.    110
   1 20"/0, 1 Torr),    a finalement donné 6 g de nootkatone (pu
 reté   80 O/o    selon l'analyse par chromatographie en phase
 gazeuse). Un échantillon pour analyse a été purifié par cris
 tallisation dans l'hexane.

 

   F.   35O.      [ ]:1  =    +   1600    (lOg/lOOml   CHCI.)   
 IR   (CCI): 1672,    1620, 1415, 895cm-1    RMN (CCI): 0.9 (3H,d.J = 6 cps) 1,1 (311.s) 1.7   
 (3H.t,J = I   cops): 2.1      (4H,m) ; 4,7    (2H,d,J = 1   cops):5.6   
 (1H, large   s) il    ppm.



   Exemple 2
 On a procédé à la photooxygénation sensibilisée de 0,1
 mole de valencène selon le procédé de l'exemple 1.



   Le mélange d'oxydation a été filtré et concentré sous
 pression réduite (la température du bain ne doit pas dépas
 ser   25s).    On a ensuite repris le résidu dans 200   ml    d'éther  de pétrole   (Eb.    60-800) et concentré sous un vide compris entre 0,1 et 0,5 Torr, éliminant ainsi la totalité du mé   méthanol.   



   A ce nouveau résidu, dissous dans 80 ml d'acide acétique glacial et maintenu à environ 10o, on a ajouté, par petites portions, 44,4 g (0,1 mole) de tétracétate de plomb. Après avoir poursuivi l'agitation durant 2h à température ambiante, on a versé le mélange réactionnel dans un égal volume d'eau et extrait le tout à l'éther de pétrole. Les extraits organiques ont ensuite été neutralisés par une solution aqueuse à   10 /o    de   Na2lCOs,    lavés à l'eau, finalement séchés et concentrés selon les techniques usuelles. La distillation du résidu ainsi obtenu   (Eb.      110-1200/0,1    Torr) a donné 6 g de nootkatone (pureté   90 O/o).   

 

   Exemple 3
 On a procédé à la photooxygénation sensibilisée de 0,1 mole de valencène et évaporé le mélange d'oxydation ainsi obtenu selon le procédé de l'exemple 2.



   A ce résidu, repris dans 120   ml    de pyridine anhydre et maintenu à 00, on a ajouté 100 mg de chlorure cuivreux.



  Le mélange réactionnel, après avoir été traité comme décrit à l'exemple 2, a finalement donné 6 g de nootkatone (pureté   90  /o).    



  
 



   The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a bicyclic ketone of formula:
EMI1.1

 The above ketone, more commonly known as nootkatone, is a highly valued compound in the flavor industry. Nootkatone indeed has a very particular taste and aroma, relatively spicy, and gives the foods and drinks in which it is incorporated the taste note typical of certain citrus fruits. Nootkatone is rightly considered to be essential in replenishing a premium grapefruit flavor.



   Nootkatone is a natural product and has in particular been extracted from the essence of a Nordic conifer, Chamae paris nootkatensis, and certain citrus fruits [see for example: Acta Chem. Scand. 16, 1311 (1962); J. Food Sci.



  29.565 (1964); Tetrahedron Letters 1965, 4779]. However, such extractions cannot be applied on an industrial scale, given the extremely high cost price of the nootkatone thus obtained.



   Nootkatone can however be prepared synthetically, by oxidation of valencene by means of tert-butyl chromate, for example [see on this subject J. Food Sci.



     30, 876 (1965)]. However, such a process is not profitable for industry: tert-butyl chromate is relatively expensive and residues containing chrome salts are extremely difficult to remove, as by-products of the chemical industry.



   The object of the present invention consists of a process for the preparation of nootkatone by oxidation of valencene by means of oxygen in the singlet or triplet state, characterized in that the product of oxidation of valencene is dehydrated. thus obtained.



   This has the particular advantage of not having the drawbacks described above.



   The dehydration reaction can take place spontaneously. However, it is preferably carried out in the presence of a dehydrating agent. For such purposes, heavy metal salts can be used in the presence of organic acids such as formic, acetic, propionic or hutynic acid, for example, or in the presence of organic bases such as pyridine, diethylaniline, I aniline or morpholine for example. Lead tetracetate in the presence of acetic acid. or cuprous chloride in the presence of pyridine. are particularly effective dehydrating agents [see on this subject S. Schroeter, Dissertation, Max-Planck-lnstîtut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim / Ruhr,
 1962]. As dehydrating agents, it is also possible to use inorganic bases such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.



   The medium in which said dehydration takes place varies depending on the dehydrating agent chosen. Thus, when using an alkali metal hydroxide. an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol is preferably used. Isopropanol or n-butanol for example. Said dehydration can also be carried out in the presence of a second organic solvent. It is thus possible to use an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or ethyl ether, for example, or an ester such as ethyl or butyl acetate. or else a hydrocarbon such as pentane or hexane. cyclohexane. benzene or toluene for example OR any
 mixture of at least two of the aforementioned solvents.



   When the oxidation of valencene has been carried out in one of the aforementioned solvents or mixtures of solvents, it is not necessary to isolate the oxidation product obtained, before subjecting it to dehydration.



   However, when a heavy metal salt is used as a dehydrating agent in the presence of an organic acid or base, the operation is preferably carried out in the absence of any hydroxylated solvent. It is therefore advantageous to remove such a solvent from the reaction mixture and to carry out said dehydration in the presence of an inert organic solvent such as those described above. Said solvent can also be substituted by the organic acid or base used together with the heavy metal salt chosen. So. when using lead tetracetate, said dehydration is carried out in glacial acetic acid. When employing; dc cuprous chloride, this reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of anhydrous pyridine.



   The oxidation of valencene by means of singlet atom oxygen is preferably carried out by sensitized photooxygenation, according to the method described in the Swiss patent.
No. 523214. The oxidation of valencene by means of oxygen in the triplet state is preferably carried out by autoxidation, in the presence of free radical generators, according to the method described in patent application No. 3295/72.



   The present invention is illustrated in more detail with the aid of the examples below. In said examples, temperatures are indicated in degrees centigrade.



   Example I
 In a Pyrex glass irradiation tank, 20.2 g (0.1 mol) of valencene, 0.3 g of Rose-Bengal, 0.5 g of potassium carbonate, 80 ml of methanol and 60 ml were introduced. of benzene. The mixture was then irradiated at 15 t by means of a 125 watt UV lamp, passing through a current of oxygen, which was absorbed at a rate of 4 to 5 ml / min.



   After absorption of approximately 1620 ml of gas. the reaction mixture was kept for 2 days at room temperature. After cooling to 00, there was added dropwise, and with stirring, a solution of 15 g of KOH in
 60 ml of methanol. Stirring was then continued at room temperature. until the reaction mixture is found to be free of any oxidizing product (starch + KI paper test).



   Said mixture was then poured into an equal volume of water and the whole neutralized by adding dry ice.



   The mixture was then extracted with petroleum ether (Eb. 60
   80ç>) and the washed, dried and concentrated organic extracts
 according to the usual techniques. There was thus obtained 16 g of a residue which. after distillation under reduced pressure (Eb. 110
   1 20 "/ 0, 1 Torr), finally gave 6 g of nootkatone (pu
 80 O / o retention according to phase chromatography analysis
 sparkling). A sample for analysis was purified by Cree
 tallization in hexane.

 

   F. 35O. []: 1 = + 1600 (10g / 100ml CHCl.)
 IR (CCI): 1672, 1620, 1415, 895cm-1 NMR (CCI): 0.9 (3H, d.J = 6 cps) 1.1 (311.s) 1.7
 (3H.t, J = I cops): 2.1 (4H, m); 4.7 (2H, d, J = 1 cops): 5.6
 (1H, broad s) 11 ppm.



   Example 2
 Sensitized photooxygenation of 0.1
 mole of valencene according to the process of Example 1.



   The oxidation mixture was filtered and concentrated under
 reduced pressure (the bath temperature must not exceed
 ser 25s). The residue was then taken up in 200 ml of petroleum ether (bp 60-800) and concentrated under a vacuum of between 0.1 and 0.5 Torr, thus removing all of the methanol.



   To this new residue, dissolved in 80 ml of glacial acetic acid and maintained at about 10 °, was added, in small portions, 44.4 g (0.1 mole) of lead tetracetate. After continuing to stir for 2 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into an equal volume of water and the whole extracted with petroleum ether. The organic extracts were then neutralized with a 10% aqueous solution of Na2lCOs, washed with water, finally dried and concentrated according to the usual techniques. Distillation of the residue thus obtained (bp 110-1200 / 0.1 Torr) gave 6 g of nootkatone (purity 90 O / o).

 

   Example 3
 The sensitized photooxygenation of 0.1 mole of valencene was carried out and the oxidation mixture thus obtained was evaporated according to the process of Example 2.



   To this residue, taken up in 120 ml of anhydrous pyridine and maintained at 00, was added 100 mg of cuprous chloride.



  The reaction mixture, after having been worked up as described in Example 2, finally gave 6 g of nootkatone (90% purity).

 

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION CLAIM Procédé pour la préparation d'une cétone bicyclique de tormule: EMI2.1 par oxydation du valencène au moyen d'oxygène à l'état de singulet ou de triplet, caractérisé en ce qu'on déshydrate le produit d'oxydation du valencène ainsi obtenu. Process for the preparation of a bicyclic tormula ketone: EMI2.1 by oxidation of valencene by means of oxygen in the singlet or triplet state, characterized in that the product of oxidation of valencene thus obtained is dehydrated. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé selon la revendication, caractérisé en ce que ladite déshydratation s'opère en présence d'un agent déshydratant. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Method according to claim, characterized in that said dehydration takes place in the presence of a dehydrating agent. 2. Procédé selon la revendication et la sous-revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, comme agent déshydratant, un hydroxyde de métal alcalin, ou un sel de métal lourd en présence d'un acide ou d'une base organique. 2. Method according to claim and sub-claim 1, characterized in that one uses, as dehydrating agent, an alkali metal hydroxide, or a heavy metal salt in the presence of an acid or an organic base. 3. Procédé selon la revendication et les sous-revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise l'hydroxyde de potassium, le tétracétate de plomb en présence d'acide acétique ou le chlorure cuivreux en présence de pyridine. 3. Method according to claim and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that potassium hydroxide, lead tetracetate in the presence of acetic acid or cuprous chloride in the presence of pyridine is used.
CH1031770A 1969-01-27 1970-07-08 Natually accuring bicycle terpene prepn CH541533A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1031770A CH541533A (en) 1970-07-08 1970-07-08 Natually accuring bicycle terpene prepn
DE19702035901 DE2035901A1 (en) 1969-07-22 1970-07-20 Process for the preparation of an acyclic ketone
DE2065461*A DE2065461A1 (en) 1969-07-22 1970-07-20 CARBINOLS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF
FR707026797A FR2073299B1 (en) 1969-07-22 1970-07-21
GB01542/72A GB1299299A (en) 1969-07-22 1970-07-22 Bicyclic carbinols
JP6424670A JPS4935263B1 (en) 1969-01-27 1970-07-22
NL7010833A NL7010833A (en) 1969-07-22 1970-07-22
GB35633/70A GB1299298A (en) 1969-07-22 1970-07-22 Process for producing oxygenated derivatives of valencene

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1031770A CH541533A (en) 1970-07-08 1970-07-08 Natually accuring bicycle terpene prepn

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH541533A true CH541533A (en) 1973-09-15

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ID=4361891

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH1031770A CH541533A (en) 1969-01-27 1970-07-08 Natually accuring bicycle terpene prepn

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CH (1) CH541533A (en)

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