CH522911A - Multivibrator with two complementary transistors - Google Patents
Multivibrator with two complementary transistorsInfo
- Publication number
- CH522911A CH522911A CH936965A CH936965A CH522911A CH 522911 A CH522911 A CH 522911A CH 936965 A CH936965 A CH 936965A CH 936965 A CH936965 A CH 936965A CH 522911 A CH522911 A CH 522911A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- multivibrator
- capacitor
- time
- complementary transistors
- pulse
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/10—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using electric or electronic resonators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C17/00—Indicating the time optically by electric means
- G04C17/005—Indicating the time optically by electric means by discs
- G04C17/0058—Indicating the time optically by electric means by discs with date indication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
- G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
- G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
- G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
- G04C3/067—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
- H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
- H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
- H03K3/282—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator astable
- H03K3/2826—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator astable using two active transistors of the complementary type
- H03K3/2828—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator astable using two active transistors of the complementary type in an asymmetrical circuit configuration
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Measurement Of Predetermined Time Intervals (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
Description
Multivibrator mit zwei komplementären Transistoren
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verbesserung der bekannten Multivibraborschalbung mit Komplementärtransistoren.
Es ist bekannt, dass man mit solchen Schlaltungen grosse Tastverhältnisse z. B. 1: 10 000 erreichen kann.
Es ist auch bekannt, dass Impuiszeit und Impulspause verhältnismässig wenig von der Speisespannung abShänF gen. Für nichtstabilisierte, batteriebetriebene Zeitgeber sind die bekannten Schaltungen trotzdem kaum zu verwenden. Beim Absinken der Batteriespannung wird die Impulspause kürzer und somit die Zeitgabe ungenau.
Dieser Effekt wird durch das Ansteigen des Innenwiderstandes einer alternden Batterie verursacht. Fig. 1 zeigt eine solche Anordnung.
Während der Impulszeit lädt die Batterie über die Emitter-Kollektorstrecke des Transistors T2, den Widerstand R und die Basis-Emitterstrecke des Transistors T1 den Kondensator C auf. Durch Vergrösserung von R wird die Einschaltzeit länger, die Pausenzeit aber ungleich viel kürzer. Bei alterndem Batterie addiert sich der steigende Innenwiderstand während der Impulsdauer zu dem Widerstand R. Dadurch wird die Taktfrequenz höher.
Eine Stabilisierung der Stromquelle durch beispielsweise eine Zenerdiode ist unerwünscht, weil sich daraus ein dauernder zusätzlicher Stromverbrauch in einer solchen Anordnung ergibt.
Es sind auch Schaltungen bekannt, bei welchen im Kollektorkreis eines Transistors, dessen Basis durch die an einem Ladekondensator auftretenden Spannung gesteuert wird, ein Relais mit wenigstens einem Ruhekontakt vorgesehen ist. Über diesen Ruhekontakt wird der Ladekondensator über einen einstellbaren Widerstand periodisch mit einer Spannungsquelle verbunden, jeweilen wenn die Spannung am Ladekondensator wieder absinkt und der Transistor gesperrt wird. Die Aufladezeit des Ladekondensators ist jedoch vom Innenwiderstand der Spannungsquelle abhängig und somit einer unerwünschten Änderung unterworfen. Dieser Nachteil soll durch den erfindungsgemässen Multivibrator vermieden werden.
Der erfindungsgemässe Multivibrator mit zwei komplementären Transistoren ist gekennzeichnet durch einen während der Impulspause aufgeladenen Speise-Kondensator, der während der Impulszeit durch einen im Arbeitskreis befindlichen Schalter von der Speisespannungsquelle abgetrennt und in den Zeitkondensator umgeladen wird.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Fig. 2 der beiliegenden Zeichnung beispielsweise näher erläutert.
Während der Impulspause wird ein Speisekonden sator C2 über den Aussenwiderstand Ra und die Diode D aufgeladen. Kippt nun der Multivibrator um, schaltet der Transistor T2 durch. An Ra liegt die Batteriespan, nung. Der Kollektor T2 ist positiv geworden.
Dadurch schaltet die Diode D den Kondensator der Batteriespannung ab. Die Aufladung eines Zeitkonden- sators C1 erfolgt über die Emitter-Koliektorstrecke von T2 und die Widerstände NTC, R1, R2 einerseits und über die Basis-Emitterstrecke von T1 aus dem Speisekondensator C2 anderseits.
Die Batterie betreibt nun lediglich den Aul3enwider- sband Ra, während das für die Frequenz verantwortliche Glied R1, NTC, R2, C1, R3 und R4 aus dem Speisekondensator C2 gespeist wird.
Eine solche Anordnung beispieisweise mit einer Taktfrequenz von 1 Impuls pro Minute als Uhr betrieben, ergibt eine Abweichung von weniger als 1 Minute pro Tag. Dies ist voll ausreichend zum Betrieb von beispielsweise automatischen Dauerkalendfern. Zur Ver billigung der Anordnung kann die Diode D durch einen Relaiskontakt am Aussenwiderstand Ra oder durch einen hochohmigen Ladewiderstand ersetzt werden, der so dimensioniert ist, dass die Entladung des Speisekonden.
sators C2 durch diesen Widerstand während der Impulsdauer klein ist, gegenüber der Umladen des Speisekondensators C2 auf den Zeitkondensator C1.
Multivibrator with two complementary transistors
The invention relates to the improvement of the known multivibrabor formwork with complementary transistors.
It is known that with such circuits large duty cycles z. B. 1: 10,000.
It is also known that the pulse time and pulse pause have a comparatively little effect on the supply voltage. Nevertheless, the known circuits can hardly be used for non-stabilized, battery-operated timers. When the battery voltage drops, the pulse pause becomes shorter and thus the timing is imprecise.
This effect is caused by the increase in the internal resistance of an aging battery. Fig. 1 shows such an arrangement.
During the pulse time, the battery charges the capacitor C via the emitter-collector path of the transistor T2, the resistor R and the base-emitter path of the transistor T1. By increasing R, the switch-on time becomes longer, but the pause time is much shorter. As the battery ages, the increasing internal resistance is added to the resistance R during the pulse duration. This increases the clock frequency.
Stabilization of the power source by means of a Zener diode, for example, is undesirable because this results in a permanent additional power consumption in such an arrangement.
Circuits are also known in which a relay with at least one break contact is provided in the collector circuit of a transistor, the base of which is controlled by the voltage appearing on a charging capacitor. Via this break contact, the charging capacitor is periodically connected to a voltage source via an adjustable resistor, in each case when the voltage on the charging capacitor drops again and the transistor is blocked. However, the charging time of the charging capacitor depends on the internal resistance of the voltage source and is therefore subject to an undesirable change. This disadvantage is to be avoided by the multivibrator according to the invention.
The multivibrator according to the invention with two complementary transistors is characterized by a feed capacitor charged during the pulse pause, which is disconnected from the feed voltage source during the pulse time by a switch in the working circuit and recharged into the time capacitor.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawing, for example.
During the pause between pulses, a feed capacitor C2 is charged via the external resistance Ra and the diode D. If the multivibrator now tips over, transistor T2 switches through. The battery voltage is at Ra. The collector T2 has become positive.
As a result, the diode D switches off the capacitor of the battery voltage. A time capacitor C1 is charged via the emitter-collector path from T2 and the resistors NTC, R1, R2 on the one hand and via the base-emitter path from T1 from the feed capacitor C2 on the other.
The battery now only operates the external resistance Ra, while the element R1, NTC, R2, C1, R3 and R4 responsible for the frequency is fed from the feed capacitor C2.
Such an arrangement operated as a clock with a clock frequency of 1 pulse per minute, for example, results in a deviation of less than 1 minute per day. This is fully sufficient for the operation of, for example, automatic perpetual calendars. To approve the arrangement, the diode D can be replaced by a relay contact on the external resistor Ra or by a high-resistance charging resistor which is dimensioned so that the discharge of the feed capacitor.
sators C2 is small due to this resistance during the pulse duration, compared to the charge reversal of the feed capacitor C2 to the time capacitor C1.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DESCH35527A DE1205141B (en) | 1964-07-25 | 1964-07-25 | Multivibrator with two complementary transistors |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH936965A4 CH936965A4 (en) | 1968-03-15 |
| CH522911A true CH522911A (en) | 1972-06-30 |
Family
ID=7433521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH936965A CH522911A (en) | 1964-07-25 | 1965-07-05 | Multivibrator with two complementary transistors |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3378693A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH522911A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1205141B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1438751A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1114745A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6507732A (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1240763B (en) * | 1965-12-15 | 1967-05-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Flashing light, in particular transportable flashing warning light to indicate vehicles that have broken down due to inability to operate |
| US3423600A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1969-01-21 | Northern Electric Co | Time relay and pulse generator circuit |
| US3466506A (en) * | 1967-05-03 | 1969-09-09 | Gen Time Corp | Pulse generator for periodically energizing a timer solenoid |
| US3560769A (en) * | 1967-05-09 | 1971-02-02 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | Sequential flasher |
| DE1290962B (en) * | 1967-05-30 | 1969-03-20 | Telefunken Patent | Astable square pulse generator, especially for a pacemaker |
| DE1279078C2 (en) * | 1967-07-28 | 1973-02-08 | Telefunken Patent | Pulse generator with a transistor controlled by a time-determining element at its base |
| DE1766026B1 (en) * | 1968-03-23 | 1972-03-09 | Grundig Emv | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR SWITCH-ON DELAY OF THE OPERATING VOLTAGE OF A MESSAGE DEVICE |
| DE1762367C3 (en) * | 1968-06-05 | 1978-03-02 | Telefunken Patentverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh, 7900 Ulm | Pulse generator |
| US3588621A (en) * | 1969-01-07 | 1971-06-28 | Gen Time Corp | Electronic pulse source for elapsed time indicator |
| US3689832A (en) * | 1970-05-01 | 1972-09-05 | Western Technical Products Inc | Resistance tester for producing an audible tone that varies with the resistance |
| US3684895A (en) * | 1971-02-19 | 1972-08-15 | Andrew C Edelson | Circuit for controlling the duration of an interval between sound signals |
| FR2220923A1 (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1974-10-04 | Bicosa Recherches | Time measurement clocks or watches - uses determined freq. periodic signal generator and D.C. supply source |
| US3971389A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1976-07-27 | Research Company | Pacemaker low current pulse generator |
| DE2951975C2 (en) * | 1979-12-22 | 1983-04-07 | Walter Ing.(Grad.) 8728 Hassfurt Voll | Channel |
| ZA978537B (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-05-12 | Focal Inc | Polymerizable biodegradable polymers including carbonate or dioxanone linkages. |
| CN103595261B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 | Power supply duplex switched system |
| CN105634456A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-06-01 | 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 | Multichannel Schmidt power supply switching system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2735009A (en) * | 1956-02-14 | harry | ||
| US3306030A (en) * | 1967-02-28 | Electronic time registering device | ||
| GB690503A (en) * | 1950-07-31 | 1953-04-22 | British Telecomm Res Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electrical timing circuits employing thermionic valves |
| US3074028A (en) * | 1961-06-19 | 1963-01-15 | Robert A Mammano | Long-period relaxation oscillator |
| US3329907A (en) * | 1964-11-06 | 1967-07-04 | Ibm | Multi-frequency relaxation oscillator and timing circuit |
-
1964
- 1964-07-25 DE DESCH35527A patent/DE1205141B/en active Pending
-
1965
- 1965-06-16 NL NL6507732A patent/NL6507732A/xx unknown
- 1965-06-22 FR FR21712A patent/FR1438751A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-07-05 CH CH936965A patent/CH522911A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1965-07-21 US US473799A patent/US3378693A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-07-21 GB GB31045/65A patent/GB1114745A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1114745A (en) | 1968-05-22 |
| NL6507732A (en) | 1966-01-26 |
| FR1438751A (en) | 1966-05-13 |
| US3378693A (en) | 1968-04-16 |
| CH936965A4 (en) | 1968-03-15 |
| DE1205141B (en) | 1965-11-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased |