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CH361123A - Process for welding stretched foils made of thermoplastics - Google Patents

Process for welding stretched foils made of thermoplastics

Info

Publication number
CH361123A
CH361123A CH361123DA CH361123A CH 361123 A CH361123 A CH 361123A CH 361123D A CH361123D A CH 361123DA CH 361123 A CH361123 A CH 361123A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
welding
strength
welded
film
stretched
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Eberh Dipl-Ing Hildebrand Hans
Original Assignee
Hoechst Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst Ag filed Critical Hoechst Ag
Publication of CH361123A publication Critical patent/CH361123A/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5085Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and comprising grooves, e.g. being E-shaped, H-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032Mechanical after-treatments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91643Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
    • B29C66/91645Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile by steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91933Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said fusion temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29D7/01Films or sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0608PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
    • B29K2023/065HDPE, i.e. high density polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12Thermoplastic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0085Copolymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037Other properties
    • B29K2995/005Oriented
    • B29K2995/0053Oriented bi-axially

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

892,630. Seaming. FARBWERKE HOECHST A.G. July 25, 1958 [July 25, 1957], No.24110/58. Class 42 (1). Films of thermoplastic artificial material, articularly polyethylene and polypropylene, that have been strengthened by stretching are welded at a temperature within the range from the crystallite melting or softening point to about 20‹ C. thereabove while substantially preventing the film from shrinkage so that material orientation and strength are maintained in the heated zone. The seam may be stretched after welding. As shown, Fig. 1, the overlapping edges of foils 1 and 2 are welded by heated dies 5, 6 while restrained by holding members 3, 4. The free ends of the foils can undergo a low degree of shrinkage necessary for the welding process. With the seam constructions shown in Figs. 2 and 3 only one holding member 9 or 15, 16 is necessary.

Description

       

  
 



  Verfahren zum Schweissen von verstreckten Folien aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schweissverfahren für solche Folien aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, die durch biaxiale Verstreckung unterhalb des Kristallitschmelzpunktes durch sogenannte biaxiale Kaltverstreckung einen hohen Grad von molekularer Orientierung erhalten haben und demzufolge eine sehr viel höhere Festigkeit in allen Richtungen aufweisen als die handelsüblichen Folien aus demselben Material. So haben beispielsweise die üblichen Blasfolien aus Niederdruck-Polyäthylen Festigkeitswerte von 200-250 kg/cm2, während biaxial kaltverstreckte Folien aus demselben Material Festigkeitswerte von 2000-3000 kg/cm2 aufweisen.



   Derartige kaltverstreckte und dadurch hochverfestigte Folien lassen sich zwar mit den bisher bekannten   Folienschweissverfahren,    z. B. Heizkeilverfahren, Wärmeimpulsverfahren, miteinander verschweissen. Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass die hohe Festigkeit der verstreckten Folie an der Schweissnaht auf die geringe Festigkeit des unverstreckten Materials absinkt, da die Molekülorientierung, die die hohe Festigkeit der verstreckten Folie bewirkt, infolge der Schweisswärme wieder verlorengeht. Für das oben genannte Beispiel der gereckten Folie aus Niederdruck-Polyäthylen bedeutet dies, dass eine Schwei ssung mit den bisher bekannten Verfahren zwar möglich ist, sie dann aber nur eine Festigkeit von 200 kg/cm2 in der Schweissnaht aufweist.

   Mit den bekannten Verfahren lässt sich die für die meisten Anwendungsfälle erhobene Forderung, dass nämlich die hohe Festigkeit der kaltverstreckten Folie auch in den Schweissnähten erhalten bleiben soll, nicht verwirklichen.



   Bei der Entwicklung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wurde von dem Gedanken ausgegangen, dass die Festigkeit verstreckter Folien in der Schweissnaht nur dann nicht abgebaut wird, wenn die der Folie aufgezwungene Molekülorientierung durch geeignete Massnahmen beim Schweissen erhalten werden kann.



   Es wird nun ein Verfahren zum Verschweissen von verstreckten und dadurch verfestigten Folien aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die zu verschwei ssende Folie durch Halterung am Schrumpfen so weit gehindert wird, dass einerseits die Orientierung bzw. der Reckzustand und damit die Verfestigung der Folie in der erwärmten Zone erhalten bleibt und anderseits eine Schweissverbindung mit einer Festigkeit erhalten wird, die an die Festigkeit der verstreckten Folie heranreicht, und dass die Schweisstemperatur im Bereich vom Kristallitschmelzpunkt bzw. Erweichungspunkt bis   20"C    darüber liegt.



   Die zum Verschweissen gemäss der Erfindung angewandten verstreckten und dadurch verfestigten Folien können einen in weiten Grenzen beliebigen Grad der Verstreckung und damit auch eine in weiten Grenzen liegende Festigkeit besitzen; die Festigkeit der zur Anwendung kommenden Folien kann zwischen etwa 200 kg/cm2 und etwa 3000 kg/cm2 liegen.



   Eine zweckmässige Ausführungsform des Verfahrens gemäss der Erfindung besteht darin, dass während des Schweissens oder kurz danach eine zusätzliche Reckung der erwärmten,   plastischelastischen    Schweissnaht durchgeführt wird, die den Festigkeitsverlust durch den zum Schweissen notwendigen und zugelassenen Schrumpfbetrag wieder aufhebt.



   Weiterhin kann nach dem Schweissen eine zusätzliche Kühlung der Schweisszone erfolgen.



   Ausserdem kann man die zu verschweissenden Folienstellen vor dem Schweissen erwärmen, und zwar in dem Ausmasse, dass Schädigungen vermieden wer  den, so dass zum Schweissen eine geringere Aufwärmzeit benötigt wird.



   Im einzelnen ist für die praktische Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss der Erfindung folgendes zu sagen:
Bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren ist die Einhaltung eines bestimmten Temperaturbereiches erforderlich. Schweisstemperaturen, die mehr als 200 C über dem Kristallitschmelzpunkt liegen, zerstören die Orientierung.



   Bei den üblichen Schweissverfahren für Kunststoffe und Kunststoffolien werden allgemein Schweisstemperaturen angewandt, die etwa   100"    oberhalb des Kristallitschmelzpunktes bzw. der Erweichungstemperatur liegen (vgl. Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 12. Ausgabe, Seite 73). So wird z. B. Niederdruck-Poly äthylen, dessen Kristallitschmelzpunkt bei   127-130"    liegt, bei   200"    geschweisst   (vgl.    Dr. E.   Rottner:    Praktische Methoden zur Verarbeitung von Halbzeugen aus Niederdruck-Polyäthylen, Kunststoffe 1957, Seite P 39). Die Schweissungen von Polyvinylchlorid, dessen Erweichungspunkt bei 800 liegt, werden allgemein bei etwa   200"    durchgeführt (vgl. Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 12. Ausgabe, Seite 73).



   Diese Schweisstemperaturen sind für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren zu hoch; die Folie wird dermassen plastisch, dass die in ihr vorhandenen eingefrorenen Spannungen zu Rissen führen. Es ist daher erforderlich, das Schweissen bei Temperaturen nicht mehr als   20O    C über dem Kristallitschmelzpunkt bzw.



  Erweichungspunkt durchzuführen. Bei Niederdruck Polyäthylen beispielsweise liegt dieser Temperaturbereich zwischen 128 und   1456    C.



   Allein durch die Einhaltung dieser niedrigen Temperatur ist jedoch noch keine hochwertige Schwei ssung möglich. Werden nämlich die beiden miteinander zu   verschweissenden    Folienränder aufeinandergelegt, erhitzt, z. B. mittels Heizbacken, und zusammengedrückt, so erfolgt zwar keine Zerstörung der Folie mehr; es tritt jedoch ein Schrumpfen der Folie nach der Envärmungszone hin ein, die gleichbedeutend ist mit   Orientierungs- bzw.    Festigkeitsverlust.



  Gemäss der Erfindung kann trotzdem eine Schweissverbindung von kaltverstreckten Folien ohne grossen   Festigkeits- bzw.    Orientierungsverlust in der Schweissnaht erzielt werden, wenn ausser der Temperatur bei der praktischen Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss der Erfindung z. B. die folgenden Vorkehrungen getroffen werden:
Die beiden zu verschweissenden Folienränder werden aufeinandergelegt und je nach Art der gewählten Schweissnahtform ein- oder beidseitig gehalten. Die Schweissung erfolgt unter Druck, beispielsweise mit Hilfe von zwei beheizten Stempeln in dem oben angegebenen Temperaturbereich. Die Halterung verhindert, dass die Folie in der erwärmten Zone schrumpft und dadurch ihre Festigkeit verliert.



   Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei einer vollkommen starren beidseitigen Ein spannung beider Folienstücke keine Schweissverbindung entsteht. Dies erklärt sich dadurch, dass wegen des vollständigen Festhaltens des Orientierungszustandes keine Verbindung zwischen den Molekülen der beiden Oberflächen möglich ist.



  Um ein Verschweissen zu ermöglichen, ist es daher erforderlich, einen geringen Schrumpfbetrag zuzulassen. Da praktisch jedes Folienstück nur jeweils an einer Seite festgehalten wird (Fig. 1 und 2), kann das in der Überdeckung unter dem Stempeldruck liegende freie Ende dabei um das erforderliche kleine Mass schrumpfen.



   Das Verfahren gemäss der Erfindung kann zum Schweissen von Folien beliebiger Dicke verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise kommt es für Folien von 0,01 bis 0,15 mm Dicke in Betracht. Die obere Grenze der Dicke ist nicht begrenzt; praktisch wird bei sehr hohen Dicken eine Beschränkung dadurch eintreten, dass eine längere Zeit erforderlich ist, die Folie durchgehend zu erwärmen.



   Das Verfahren ist für kaltverstreckte Folien aus allen thermoplastischen Kunststoffen geeignet. Vorzugsweise geeignet ist es für biaxial verstreckte bzw. verfestigte Folien aus Niederdruck-Polyäthylen und Polypropylen, ferner aus Mischpolymerisaten   Athy-    len-Propylen und Polymergemischen aus Polyäthylen Polypropylen.



   Die Fig. 1 und 2 der Zeichnung zeigen beispielsweise Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss der Erfindung.



   Fig. 1 zeigt eine beispielsweise Ausführung der Verschweissung zweier Folien 1 und 2. Die Halterungen sind mit 3 und 4 und die beheizten Stempel mit 5 und 6 bezeichnet. Bei einer gereckten Folie aus Niederdruckpolyäthylen mit einer Festigkeit von 1800 kg/cm2 in beiden Richtungen ergibt die Schwei  ssung    gemäss dem Verfahren Festigkeitswerte von etwa
1700 kg/cm2, bezogen auf den Folienquerschnitt.



   Fig. 2 zeigt eine andere Schweissnahtform für die zu verschweissenden Folien 7 und 8. Die Halterung 9 ist hier einseitig. 10 und 11 sind die beheizten Stempel. Bei dieser Nahtform, die besonders als Verschlussnaht für Beutel geeignet ist, ergeben sich bei der gleichen gereckten   Niederdruck - Polyäthylen - Folie    bei Schweissung nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren Festigkeitswerte der Schweissung von etwa
1300 kg/cm2.



   Fig. 3 zeigt eine Naht zum Verschliessen von Beuteln, wobei die zu verschweissenden Folien 12 und
13 von einem Zusatzband 14 überdeckt werden. Die Halterungen sind mit 15 und 16, die beheizten Stempel mit 17 und 18 bezeichnet. Für die Niederdruck Polyäthylen-Folie liegen die Festigkeitswerte bei etwa
1300 kg/cm2, die nach dem Schweissen erhalten bleiben.



   Beispiel
Eine verfestigte Polypropylen-Folie mit einer Festigkeit von 1350 kg/cm2 wird nach dem Verfahren gemäss der Erfindung sowohl mit einer Naht nach Fig. 1 als auch mit einer solchen nach Fig. 2 geschweisst. In beiden Fällen hat die Schweissung eine   Festigkeit, die grösser als 1350 kg/cm2 ist, das heisst, die Proben reissen nicht in der geschweissten Verbindung, sondern im Grundmaterial.   



  
 



  Process for welding stretched foils made of thermoplastics
The present invention relates to a welding process for such films made of thermoplastic plastics which have received a high degree of molecular orientation through biaxial stretching below the crystallite melting point through so-called biaxial cold stretching and consequently have a much higher strength in all directions than the commercially available films made of the same material . For example, conventional blown films made from low-pressure polyethylene have strength values of 200-250 kg / cm2, while biaxially cold-stretched films made from the same material have strength values of 2000-3000 kg / cm2.



   Such cold-drawn and thus highly consolidated films can indeed be made with the previously known film welding processes, e.g. B. hot wedge process, heat pulse process, welded together. The disadvantage here is that the high strength of the stretched film at the weld seam drops to the low strength of the undrawn material, since the molecular orientation that causes the high strength of the stretched film is lost again as a result of the heat of welding. For the above-mentioned example of the stretched film made of low-pressure polyethylene, this means that although welding is possible using the previously known methods, the weld seam then only has a strength of 200 kg / cm2.

   With the known methods, the requirement made for most applications, namely that the high strength of the cold-drawn film should also be retained in the weld seams, cannot be met.



   When developing the method according to the invention, it was assumed that the strength of stretched foils in the weld seam is only not degraded if the molecular orientation imposed on the foil can be maintained by suitable measures during welding.



   A method is now proposed for welding stretched and thus solidified films made of thermoplastic plastics, which is characterized in that the film to be welded is prevented from shrinking by the holder to such an extent that on the one hand the orientation or the stretched state and thus the solidification of the film is retained in the heated zone and, on the other hand, a welded joint is obtained with a strength that comes close to the strength of the stretched film and that the welding temperature is in the range from the crystallite melting point or softening point to 20 ° C above.



   The stretched and thereby solidified foils used for welding according to the invention can have any degree of stretching within wide limits and thus also a strength which lies within wide limits; the strength of the foils used can be between about 200 kg / cm2 and about 3000 kg / cm2.



   An expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that an additional stretching of the heated, plastic-elastic weld seam is carried out during welding or shortly thereafter, which cancels out the loss of strength due to the amount of shrinkage required and permitted for welding.



   Furthermore, additional cooling of the welding zone can take place after welding.



   In addition, the areas of the film to be welded can be heated before welding, to the extent that damage is avoided, so that a shorter warm-up time is required for welding.



   The following can be said in detail for the practical implementation of the method according to the invention:
In the process according to the invention, it is necessary to maintain a certain temperature range. Welding temperatures that are more than 200 C above the crystallite melting point destroy the orientation.



   In the usual welding processes for plastics and plastic foils, welding temperatures are generally used which are approximately 100 "above the crystallite melting point or the softening temperature (see Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 12th edition, page 73). For example, low-pressure polyethylene is used , whose crystallite melting point is 127-130 ", welded at 200" (cf. Dr. E. Rottner: Practical methods for processing semi-finished products made of low-pressure polyethylene, Kunststoffe 1957, page P 39). The welds of polyvinyl chloride, whose softening point is 800 is generally carried out at around 200 "(see Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 12th edition, page 73).



   These welding temperatures are too high for the method according to the invention; the film becomes so plastic that the frozen tensions in it lead to cracks. It is therefore necessary to weld at temperatures no more than 20O C above the crystallite melting point or



  Carry out softening point. In the case of low-pressure polyethylene, for example, this temperature range is between 128 and 1456 C.



   However, maintaining this low temperature alone does not allow high-quality welding. If the two film edges to be welded together are placed on top of one another, heated, e.g. B. by means of heating jaws, and when pressed together, the film is no longer destroyed; however, the film shrinks towards the warming zone, which is equivalent to a loss of orientation or strength.



  According to the invention, a welded joint of cold-drawn films can nevertheless be achieved without a great loss of strength or orientation in the weld seam if, in addition to the temperature, when practicing the method according to the invention, e.g. B. the following precautions are taken:
The two foil edges to be welded are placed on top of one another and, depending on the type of weld seam shape selected, held on one or both sides. The welding takes place under pressure, for example with the aid of two heated stamps in the temperature range specified above. The holder prevents the film from shrinking in the heated zone and thereby losing its strength.



   It has been shown that if both pieces of film are completely rigidly clamped on both sides, no welded connection is created. This is explained by the fact that, because the orientation state is completely retained, no connection between the molecules of the two surfaces is possible.



  In order to enable welding, it is therefore necessary to allow a small amount of shrinkage. Since practically every piece of film is only held on one side (FIGS. 1 and 2), the free end in the overlap under the stamp pressure can shrink by the required small amount.



   The method according to the invention can be used for welding foils of any thickness. It is preferred for films from 0.01 to 0.15 mm thick. The upper limit of the thickness is not limited; in practice, in the case of very high thicknesses, there will be a limitation in that a longer time is required to continuously heat the film.



   The process is suitable for cold-stretched films made of all thermoplastics. It is preferably suitable for biaxially stretched or solidified films made from low-pressure polyethylene and polypropylene, and also from copolymers of ethylene-propylene and polymer mixtures made from polyethylene-polypropylene.



   FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing show, for example, devices for carrying out the method according to the invention.



   1 shows an example of an embodiment of the welding of two foils 1 and 2. The holders are denoted by 3 and 4 and the heated stamps by 5 and 6. In the case of a stretched film made of low-pressure polyethylene with a strength of 1800 kg / cm2 in both directions, the welding according to the method results in strength values of approximately
1700 kg / cm2, based on the film cross-section.



   FIG. 2 shows a different weld seam shape for the foils 7 and 8 to be welded. The holder 9 is here on one side. 10 and 11 are the heated punches. With this form of seam, which is particularly suitable as a sealing seam for bags, the same stretched low-pressure polyethylene film results in weld strength values of approximately when using the method according to the invention
1300 kg / cm2.



   3 shows a seam for closing bags, the foils 12 and 12 to be welded
13 are covered by an additional tape 14. The brackets are labeled 15 and 16, and the heated stamps 17 and 18. The strength values for the low-pressure polyethylene film are around
1300 kg / cm2, which are retained after welding.



   example
A solidified polypropylene film with a strength of 1350 kg / cm 2 is welded by the method according to the invention both with a seam according to FIG. 1 and with one according to FIG. In both cases, the weld has a strength that is greater than 1350 kg / cm2, which means that the specimens do not tear in the welded joint but in the base material.


    

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH Verfahren zum Verschweissen von verstreckten und dadurch verfestigten Folien aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu verschweissende Folie durch Halterung am Schrumpfen so weit gehindert wird, dass einerseits die Orientierung bzw. der Reckzustand und damit die Verfestigung der Folie in der erwärmten Zone erhalten bleibt und anderseits eine Schweissverbindung mit einer Festigkeit erhalten wird, die an die Festigkeit der verstreckten Folie heranreicht, und dass die Schweisstemperatur im Bereich vom Kristallitschmelzpunkt bzw. Erweichungspunkt bis 200 C darüberliegt. PATENT CLAIM Method for welding stretched and thereby solidified foils made of thermoplastics, characterized in that the foil to be welded is prevented from shrinking by the holder to such an extent that on the one hand the orientation or the stretched state and thus the solidification of the foil in the heated zone is maintained and on the other hand, a welded joint is obtained with a strength that comes close to the strength of the stretched film and that the welding temperature in the range from the crystallite melting point or softening point to 200 ° C. is higher. UNTERANSPRÜCHE 1. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Schweissens oder kurz danach eine zusätzliche Reckung der erwärmten, plastisch-elastischen Schweissnaht durchgeführt wird, die den Festigkeitsverlust durch den zum Schweissen notwendigen und zugelassenen Schrumpfbetrag wieder aufhebt. SUBCLAIMS 1. The method according to claim, characterized in that an additional stretching of the heated, plastic-elastic weld seam is carried out during welding or shortly thereafter, which cancels the loss of strength due to the amount of shrinkage required and permitted for welding. 2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Schweissen eine zusätzliche Kühlung der Schweisszone erfolgt. 2. The method according to claim, characterized in that additional cooling of the welding zone takes place after the welding. 3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu verschweissenden Folienstellen vor dem Schweissen in dem Ausmasse erwärmt werden, dassSchädigungen vermieden werden, so dass zum Schweissen eine geringere Aufwärmezeit benötigt wird. 3. The method according to claim, characterized in that the film locations to be welded are heated before welding to the extent that damage is avoided, so that a shorter warm-up time is required for welding.
CH361123D 1957-07-25 1958-07-23 Process for welding stretched foils made of thermoplastics CH361123A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE892630X 1957-07-25

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CH361123A true CH361123A (en) 1962-03-31

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CH361123D CH361123A (en) 1957-07-25 1958-07-23 Process for welding stretched foils made of thermoplastics

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CH (1) CH361123A (en)
GB (1) GB892630A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8509234D0 (en) * 1985-04-11 1985-05-15 Doboy Ltd Packaging machinery
AT400831B (en) * 1994-05-04 1996-03-25 Starlinger & Co Gmbh SACK OF POLYMER, ESPECIALLY POLYOLEFINE FABRIC AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
GB9509870D0 (en) * 1995-05-16 1995-07-12 Thames Sack & Bag Co Method and apparatus for sealing a heat-shrinkable plastics material

Also Published As

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GB892630A (en) 1962-03-28

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