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CH291601A - Safety device on drive machines, which causes the machine to shut down if the block bearing is worn beyond a permissible level. - Google Patents

Safety device on drive machines, which causes the machine to shut down if the block bearing is worn beyond a permissible level.

Info

Publication number
CH291601A
CH291601A CH291601DA CH291601A CH 291601 A CH291601 A CH 291601A CH 291601D A CH291601D A CH 291601DA CH 291601 A CH291601 A CH 291601A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
pressure
block bearing
safety device
oil
machine
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Patent-Verwaltungs-Gm Licentia
Original Assignee
Licentia Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Gmbh filed Critical Licentia Gmbh
Publication of CH291601A publication Critical patent/CH291601A/en
Priority claimed from DEL38162A external-priority patent/DE1224972B/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0629Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion
    • F16C32/064Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion the liquid being supplied under pressure
    • F16C32/0644Details of devices to control the supply of liquids to the bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F01D21/06Shutting-down
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/24Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
    • F16C17/246Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety related to wear, e.g. sensors for measuring wear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16PSAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
    • F16P7/00Emergency devices preventing damage to a machine or apparatus
    • F16P7/02Emergency devices preventing damage to a machine or apparatus by causing the machine to stop on the occurrence of dangerous conditions therein
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G15/00Mechanical devices for initiating a movement automatically due to a specific cause
    • G05G15/007Mechanical devices for initiating a movement automatically due to a specific cause due to an excerted pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Description

  

      Sicherheitsvorrichtung    an Antriebsmaschinen, die bei     Klotzlagerabnützüng     über     ein        zulässiges    Mass ein     Stillsetzen    der Maschine     bewirkt.       Es sind Sicherheitsvorrichtungen für An  triebsmaschinen, z. B. Dampf- oder Gastur  binen, bekannt geworden, die bei einer glotz  lagerabnützung über ein     zulässiges    Mass die       Treibmittelzufuhr    abstellen. Bei einer be  kannten Vorrichtung dieser     Art    wird in  einem solchen Falle durch Kontaktgabe über  Hubmagnete die betreffende Antriebsma  schine stillgesetzt.

   Die angestrebte Betriebs  sicherheit ist aber bei Verschmutzung der  Kontakte, bei     Leitungsbrüchen    oder Ausblei  ben des elektrischen Stromes nicht mehr ge  geben. Bei einer andern Bauart solcher  Sicherheitsvorrichtungen     übertragen    Hebel  über eine Gleitrolle oder Gleitbacke die     Ver-          schiebung    der Welle auf das     Schnellschluss-          gest:änge.    Durch Abnützung der Gleitrollen  bzw.     Gleitbacken    wird jedoch der Eingriffs  zeitpunkt der     Sicherheitsvormichtung    verzö  gert.

   Ausserdem lassen sich solche     Sicher-          heitsvorrichtungen    nur dann verwenden,  wenn das     Klotzlager    in der Nähe der     Schnell-          schlussvorrichtung    liegt.     Ähnliches    gilt für  eine andere bekannte     Sicherheitsvorriehtung,     bei welcher am Wellenende ein Steuerschie  ber angekuppelt ist, der bei     Axialverschie-          bung    in auf die     Schnellschlussvorrichtung    ein  wirkendes Druckmittel steuert.

   Abnützungen  des umlaufenden Schiebers     beeinflussen    auch  hier die Genauigkeit des Eingriffszeitpunktes  der Vorrichtung.    Alle diese Schwierigkeiten     werden    gemäss  der Erfindung     dadurch'vermieden,    dass eine  sich in Abhängigkeit von der     Axialverschie-          bung    der     Klotzlagerspurscheibe        *verändernde     Spaltbreite zwischen derselben und der     Aus-          trittsöffnung    einer Druckölleitung den Druck  eines     Drwckölsystems        beeinflusst,

      der als Im  puls für die     Schnellschlussauslösevorrichtung     der     Treibmittelzufuhr    dient, derart, dass im       Falle    der Gefahr die     Treibmittelzufuhr    abge  stellt wird.  



  Ein     Ausführungsbeispiel.    des Erfindungs  gegenstandes ist in den     Abb.    1     bis    3 der  Zeichnung veranschaulicht, worin       Abb.    1 eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung in ver  einfachter     Darstellung,          Abb.    2 eine bauliche     Einzelheit    und       Abb.    3 eine schaubildliche Darstellung  ihrer Wirkungsweise zeigen.  



  In     Abb.    1 bezeichnen     a    die auf der Welle       b    einer     Antriebsmaschine    angeordnete     Klotz-          lagerspurscheibe,    c die Lagerklötze und d  das     Klotzlagergehäuse.    Das     glotzlagergehäuse     d ist durch die Leitung e an     eine    Drucköl  quelle, z. B. die Lager- und     Steuerölpumpe,     angeschlossen.  



  Als Impuls für die     Betätigung        des    auf die       Treibmittelzufuhr    einwirkenden     Steuerorgans     dient der sich     in    der Leitung     e    in Abhängig  keit von der Breite des Spaltes s     zwischen          Spurscheibe    -     cc    und der Gegenfläche des Ge-           häuses    d einstellende Steueröldruck.

   In der  dargestellten     Ausführungsform    wirkt dieser  Steueröldruck auf einen federbelasteten Kol  ben     j',    der auf die     Schnellschhissauslösevor-          richtung    g     (Abb.    2) einwirkt. Ein in die Zu  fuhrleitung<I>k</I> eingebautes     Drosselorgan   <I>h</I>  dient dazu, die     Zufuhr'leitimg    vor     Druck-          schwankungen    in der Steuerleitung e mög  lichst abzuschirmen. Zur     Druckmittelzufüh..          rung    ist eine auf gleichbleibenden Druck  fördernde Pumpe vorgesehen.

      Um dem Bedienungspersonal     umabhängig     von der     Sicherheitsvorrichtung    jederzeit eine  Überwachung der jeweiligen     Axialverschie-          bung    der     Klotzlaeerspurscheibe    zu ermög  lichen, ist     zwischen    der     Drosselstelle    h und  dem Spalt s     ari    die Leitung e ein Druckmesser  i angeschlossen.

   Der sich in der Leitung e  hinter der Drosselstelle h einstellende Öldruck       p1,    der sich im umgekehrten Verhältnis zur  Spaltbreite s     ändert,    kann aber nur dann als  genauer     Messwert    für die jeweilige Spaltbreite  angesprochen werden, wenn der Druck p in  der     Zuführungsleitung    k vor der Drosselstelle  <I>h</I>     gleichbleibt.    Ein Druckmesser     l    zeigt den  in der Leitung<I>k</I> herrschenden Druck<I>p</I> an.

         Ändert    sich dieser Druck, so wird dadurch  auch das     Abhängigkeitsverhältnis        ,zwischen     dem Druck     pi    und der Spaltbreite s ein an  deres,     wie    aus der schaubildlichen Darstel  lung nach     Abb.    3 hervorgeht.  



  In diesem Schaubild sind auf der waag  rechten Achse eines     Achsenkreuzes    die ver  schiedenen Spaltbreiten s in     Zehntelmilli-          metern    und auf .der     senkrechten    Achse die       Druckölwerte        pi    hinter der Drosselstelle     h,     in kg/     em2        aufgetragen.    Die     Schaubildlinien     geben das Abhängigkeitsverhältnis zwischen  Spaltbreite s und den Öldrucken p1 an.

   Wie  aus dem Schaubild zu entnehmen, beträgt bei  einem Öldruck vor der     Drosselstelle    von p =  5     kg/em2    und einer Spaltbreite s von 0,3 mm  der Öldruck     py    hinter der     Drosselstelle     3,2     kg/em.2,    welcher Zustand als normal be  zeichnet wird.     Sinkt    dagegen der Öldruck aus  irgendeinem Grunde     in    der Zuführungslei-         tung   <I>k</I> auf<I>p</I> = 4     kg/cm?,    so wird bei 0,3 mm  Spaltbreite der Druck hinter der Drossel  stelle h in der Leitung e auf 2,6     kg/cm2    sin  ken.  



  Durch Vergleich der verschiedenen Kur  ven miteinander kann bei veränderlichem  Steueröldruck der genaue jeweilige Abnüt  zungswert der     Klotzlagerspurscheibe    jeder  zeit ermittelt werden.  



  Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht dem  nach darin, dass neben erhöhter Betriebssicher  heit eine Möglichkeit, ständig und augen  blicklich die     Klotzlagerabnützung    festzustel  len, gewährleistet ist. Bei völligem     Ausbleiben     der     Ölversorgung        wird    ausserdem durch die  Sicherheitsvorrichtung die     Maschine    stillge  setzt. Die     Sicherheitsvorrichtung    ist an ört  liche Verhältnisse nicht gebunden und kann  auch bei     Klotzlagern,    die weit entfernt von  der     Schnellschlusseinrichtung    angeordnet sind,  verwendet werden.



      Safety device on drive machines, which causes the machine to shut down if the block bearing is worn beyond a permissible level. There are safety devices for drive machines to, for. B. Steam or Gastur bines have become known that turn off the propellant supply at a glotz bearing wear beyond a permissible level. In a known device of this type, the drive machine in question is shut down in such a case by making contact via solenoids.

   However, the desired operational safety is no longer given if the contacts are dirty, if there is a line break or if there is no electrical current. In another type of safety device of this type, levers transmit the displacement of the shaft to the quick-action link via a sliding roller or sliding jaw. However, the time at which the safety device intervenes is delayed due to wear of the sliding rollers or sliding blocks.

   In addition, such safety devices can only be used if the block bearing is in the vicinity of the quick-release device. The same applies to another known safety device in which a control slide is coupled to the shaft end, which controls a pressure medium acting on the quick-acting device when it is axially displaced.

   Here, too, wear and tear of the rotating slide influence the accuracy of the time at which the device is engaged. According to the invention, all these difficulties are avoided in that a gap width between the same and the outlet opening of a pressurized oil line, which changes depending on the axial displacement of the block bearing track disc *, influences the pressure of a pressurized oil system,

      which serves as an impulse for the quick release release device of the propellant supply, in such a way that the propellant supply is canceled in the event of danger.



  An embodiment. The subject of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a safety device in a simplified representation, Fig. 2 shows a structural detail and Fig. 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of its mode of operation.



  In Fig. 1, a designates the block bearing track disc arranged on the shaft b of a drive machine, c the bearing blocks and d the block bearing housing. The bell bearing housing d is through the line e to a pressure oil source, z. B. the bearing and control oil pump connected.



  The control oil pressure set in line e depending on the width of the gap s between the track disk - cc and the opposite surface of the housing d serves as the impulse for the actuation of the control member acting on the propellant supply.

   In the embodiment shown, this control oil pressure acts on a spring-loaded piston j ', which acts on the rapid-action release device g (Fig. 2). A throttle element <I> h </I> built into the supply line <I> k </I> serves to shield the supply line from pressure fluctuations in the control line e as far as possible. A pump that delivers constant pressure is provided for supplying pressure medium.

      In order to enable the operating personnel to monitor the respective axial displacement of the block loader disc at any time independently of the safety device, the line e, a pressure gauge i is connected between the throttle point h and the gap s ari.

   The oil pressure p1 that occurs in line e behind the throttle point h, which changes in inverse proportion to the gap width s, can only be addressed as an exact measured value for the respective gap width if the pressure p in the supply line k before the throttle point < I> h </I> remains the same. A pressure gauge l shows the pressure <I> p </I> in the line <I> k </I>.

         If this pressure changes, the relationship between the pressure pi and the gap width s also changes, as can be seen in the diagram in Fig. 3.



  In this diagram, the various gap widths s are plotted in tenths of a millimeter on the horizontal right axis of a crosshair, and the pressure oil values pi behind the throttle point h, in kg / em2, are plotted on the vertical axis. The graph lines indicate the relationship between the gap width s and the oil pressures p1.

   As can be seen from the diagram, with an oil pressure in front of the throttle point of p = 5 kg / em2 and a gap width s of 0.3 mm, the oil pressure py behind the throttle point is 3.2 kg / em.2, which is normal is drawn. If, on the other hand, the oil pressure in the supply line <I> k </I> drops to <I> p </I> = 4 kg / cm? For any reason, the pressure behind the throttle is at 0.3 mm gap width h in line e drop to 2.6 kg / cm2.



  By comparing the various curves with one another, the exact respective wear value of the block bearing track disc can be determined at any time if the control oil pressure changes.



  The advantage of the invention is that, in addition to increased operational safety, it is possible to permanently and instantly determine the wear of the block bearing. If there is no oil supply at all, the machine is also shut down by the safety device. The safety device is not tied to local conditions and can also be used for block bearings that are located far away from the quick-release device.

 

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Sicherheitsvorrichtung an Antriebsmaschi nen, die bei Klotzlagerabnützung über ein zu lässiges Mass ein Stillsetzen der Maschine herbei führt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine sich in Abhängigkeit von der Axialverschiebung der Klotzlagerspurscheibe verändernde Spalt breite zwischen derselben und der Austritts- öffnung einer Druckölleitung den Druck eines Druckölsystems beeinflusst, PATENT CLAIM: Safety device on drive machines which, if the block bearing is worn beyond a permissible level, brings about a shutdown of the machine, characterized in that a gap width between the same and the outlet opening of a pressure oil line, which changes as a function of the axial displacement of the block bearing track disk, increases the pressure of a Influences the pressure oil system, der als Im puls für die Schnellschlussauslösevorrichtung der Treibmittelzufuhr dient. UNTERANSPRÜCHE: 1. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch, da durch gekennzeichnet, dass das durch die Axialverschiebung der Klotzlagerspurscheibe beeinflusste Druckölsystem mit: einem Druck besser verbunden ist, der den Öldruck in der Druckölleitung zur Austrittsöffnung misst, welcher als Messwert für den Abnutzungs grad des Klatzlagers dient. which serves as an impulse for the quick release release device of the propellant supply. SUBClaims: 1. Device according to claim, characterized in that the pressure oil system influenced by the axial displacement of the block bearing track disk is better connected to a pressure that measures the oil pressure in the pressure oil line to the outlet opening, which serves as a measured value for the degree of wear of the block bearing. 2. Vorrieliiung nach Patentanspruch und Unteranspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ausser einem Druckmesser, der den von der Axialverschiebung der Klotzlagerspur- scheibe beeinflussten Öldruck anzeigt, ein zweiter an die Zuführungsleitung des Druck öls angeschlossener Druckmesser vorgesehen ist, so dass durch Vergleich der beiden An zeigewerte jederzeit die tatsächliche Abnüt zung des Klotzlagers festgestellt werden kann. 2. Vorrieliiung according to claim and dependent claim 1, characterized in that in addition to a pressure gauge, which indicates the oil pressure influenced by the axial displacement of the block bearing track disc, a second pressure gauge connected to the supply line of the pressure oil is provided so that by comparing the two An display values the actual wear of the block bearing can be determined at any time.
CH291601D 1948-10-01 1951-04-02 Safety device on drive machines, which causes the machine to shut down if the block bearing is worn beyond a permissible level. CH291601A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE291601X 1948-10-01
DE701530X 1948-10-01
DE2839071X 1948-10-01
DEL38162A DE1224972B (en) 1961-02-10 1961-02-10 Safety device for machines with rotating parts in plain bearings

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH291601A true CH291601A (en) 1953-06-30

Family

ID=27625383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH291601D CH291601A (en) 1948-10-01 1951-04-02 Safety device on drive machines, which causes the machine to shut down if the block bearing is worn beyond a permissible level.

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CH (1) CH291601A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1008750B (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-05-23 Turbinen Und Generatoren Veb Device for hydraulic triggering of the quick-acting valve of a turbine, in particular a steam turbine, in the event of overspeed
DE1157925B (en) * 1958-05-21 1963-11-21 Bergmann Borsig Veb Overspeed switch for steam, gas or water turbines

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1008750B (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-05-23 Turbinen Und Generatoren Veb Device for hydraulic triggering of the quick-acting valve of a turbine, in particular a steam turbine, in the event of overspeed
DE1157925B (en) * 1958-05-21 1963-11-21 Bergmann Borsig Veb Overspeed switch for steam, gas or water turbines

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