CH212194A - Process for the production of condensation products of formaldehyde. - Google Patents
Process for the production of condensation products of formaldehyde.Info
- Publication number
- CH212194A CH212194A CH212194DA CH212194A CH 212194 A CH212194 A CH 212194A CH 212194D A CH212194D A CH 212194DA CH 212194 A CH212194 A CH 212194A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- formaldehyde
- catalysts
- production
- condensation products
- Prior art date
Links
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 methylol group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AKXKFZDCRYJKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde Chemical compound OCCC=O AKXKFZDCRYJKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHAAIYJHUTYDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanal Chemical compound OCC(CO)C=O SHAAIYJHUTYDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-penten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000530268 Lycaena heteronea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000158147 Sator Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZYDPPZYDIRSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K boron phosphate Chemical compound [B+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YZYDPPZYDIRSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000149 boron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQYNKIJPMDEDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N paraldehyde Chemical compound CC1OC(C)OC(C)O1 SQYNKIJPMDEDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003868 paraldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/36—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring increasing the number of carbon atoms by reactions with formation of hydroxy groups, which may occur via intermediates being derivatives of hydroxy, e.g. O-metal
- C07C29/38—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring increasing the number of carbon atoms by reactions with formation of hydroxy groups, which may occur via intermediates being derivatives of hydroxy, e.g. O-metal by reaction with aldehydes or ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
- C07C45/75—Reactions with formaldehyde
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Verfabren zur Herstellung von Kondensationsprodukten des Formaldehyds. Es ist bekannt, durch Einwirkung von Formaldehyd auf Acetald@ehyd, Aceton oder andere Ogoverbindungen, die entsprechenden Kondensationsverbindungen herzustellen.
Der Foimaldehyd wirkt hier als Mittel zur Ein führung :der Methylolgruppe. Es wurde nun gefunden, da.ss man diese Reaktion besonders vorteilhaft durchführen kann, wenn man die Reaktionskomponenten in Dampfform bei höheren Temperaturen in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren zur Reaktion bringt.
,So la.-ssen sich erfindungsgemäss aus- Form aldehyd und beispielsweise Aceta@ldehyd Me- thylol-Acetald-ehyd, das heisst Hydracrylalde- hyd herstellen,
welche jedoch im -allgemeinen bei den Reaktionstemperaturen nicht bestän dig sind und unter Wasserabspaltung Acro- lein bilden. Ähnliche Resultate erhält man, trenn man Formaldehyd mit Paraformalde- hyd,
Metal.dehyd oder auch Acetalen des A.cetaldehydis bezw. den Isomeren des Acet- aldehyds, nämlich Äthylenogyd in Dampf- form und bei erhöhten Temperaturen über Katalysatoren leitet. An .Stelle von Acet- aldehyd lassen sich auch dessen Homologe, wie z.
B. Propionaldehyd, Butyraldehyd oder dergleichen, verwenden. Ähnlich wie die Aldehyde verhalten sich die Ketone, wobei jedenfalls primär die entsprechenden He- thyloiverbindungen entstehen. Anderseits kann man an Stelle von Formaldehyd dessen Aoetale, wie z. B. Dimethylformaldehyd, verwenden.
Die Reaktion kann in Gegenwart von Wasser durchgeführt werden, wie dies zum Beispiel dann gegeben ist, wenn gewöhn licher wässriger Formaldehyd des Handels zur Reaktion gebracht wird. In vielen Fällen kann es jedoch, besonders im Hinblick auf die Unterdrückung der unerwünschten Can- nizarro-Reaktion, von Vorteil sein,
wasser arme bezw. wasserfreie Reaktionsmiechungen zu verwenden, so kann man z. B. gewöhnlichen Paraformalde@hyd oder auch sogenannten leichtlösliehen Paraformaldehyd in Acetalde- hyd, Paraldehyd und dergleichen lösen, die so erhaltenen Mischungdn verdampfen und das erhaltene Dampfgemisch sodann im Sinne des vorliegenden Verfahrens bei höheren Temperaturen zur Umsetzung bringen.
Es ist fibrigens nicht notwendig, dass ,die zu ver dampfende Reaktionsmischung in homogener Form vorliegt. Man kann zum Beispiel Pa.ra- formaldehyd, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit andern Reaktionskomponenten, bei höhe ren Temperaturen direkt verdampfen und die so erhaltenen Dämpfe wie oben beschrieben i-eiter verarbeiten.
Die Reaktion gemäss vorliegender Erfin dung ist nicht an die Gegenwart von Kata lysatoren gebunden. Es hat sich jedoch ge zeigt, dass man höhere Umsätze und bessere Ausbeuten dann erhält, wenn man für die C-',egenwa.rt von @atal--satoren .Sorge trägt. Als Katalysatoren für das vorliegende Ver fahren kommen alle Stoffe in Betracht., welche eine kondensierende bezw. wasser- abspaltende Wirkung ausüben, nämlich alka lisch bezw. basisch wirkende Stoffe einer seits. wie z.
B. 3lagiiesiumoxy d. Aluminium oxyd, Zn0, Eialk, Bervlliumoxvd, N a.trium- carbonat, alkalisch wirkende Phosphate und dergleichen, anderseits sauerwirkende Kon densationsmittel wie Silicagel, Aluminium phosphat oder andere sauerwirkende Phos phate, wie z. B. Borphosphat, Phosphorsäure auf Trägern, wie z. B.
Aktivkohle, ferner Titanoxy d, Erdsäure, wie Wolframsäure oder lloly bdänsäure, oder auch gasförmig wir kende Katalysatoren, wie z. B. Phosphoroxy - chlorid. An Stelle von den oben genannten Katalysatoren können auch deren Verbindun gen bezw. Gemische eventuell mit Kataly- .,atorenträg-rn verwendet werden.
In man chen Fällen @st es empfehlenswert. Katalysa toren der oben genannten Art zu verwenden, welche jedoch dehydrierend wirkende Stoffe enthalten, wie z. B. Kupfer, Nickel, Eisen, oder deren Oxyde und andere Verbindungen. In vielen Fällen ist es vorteilhaft, die Reak tionsmischung in Gegenwart von inerten Gasen oder dampfförmigen Verdünnungs- mitteln, wie z. B. Kohlensäure, Stickstoff oder dergleichen, zur Reaktion zu bringen, was sich unter anderem deshalb günstig aus wirkt, weil dadurch die gebildeten Reaktions produkte, wie z. B.
Aerolein, vor weiteren unerwünschten Zersetzungen geschützt wer den. Ähnliche Wirkungen kann man erzielen, wenn man die Reaktionsmischung mit be sonders grossen Durchsatzgeschwindigkeiten über den Katalysator zur Reaktion bringt. Dies ist zum Beispiel dann geboten, wenn stärker wirkende Reaktionsbedingungen ge wählt werden, wie z. B. sehr aktiv wirkende Katalysatoren, höhere Temperaturen, oder auch Arbeiten unter erhöhtem Druck.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die gebildeten Reaktionsprodukte genügend rasch vor wei teren unerwünschten Zersetzungen zu schüt zen, besteht anderseits darin, dass man die Reaktion unter vermindertem Druck aus führt.
Dies erscheint besonders dann geeignet, wenn man auch die bei der Reaktion primär gebildeten hydroxylhaltigen Methylolverbin- dungen unverändert gewinnen will.
Schliesslich hat es sich noch in vielen Fällen als zweckmässig erwiesen, das erhal tene Reaktionsgemisch nach der Umsetzung, möglichst rasch abzukühlep um uner- wünschte Reaktionen, wie z..t3. Polymerisa- tion, zurückzudrängen.
Die Vermeidung un- erwünschter Polymerisationen kann auch noch dadurch erreicht bezw. unterstützt werden, dass man der Reaktionsmischung vor oder nach der katalytischen Umsetzung inerte Verdünnungsmittel zusetzt, wie z. B. Wasser, höher siedende Kohlenwasserstoffe oder der gleichen.
Die Reaktionstemperaturen, die erfin dungsgemäss in Betracht kommen, können in weiten Grenzen schwanken. Man wird die Temperatur jedoch im wesentlichen so hoch halten, dass keine wesentliche Kondensation der Reaktionsteilnehmer auf dem Katalysator stattfindet, anderseits soll die Reaktionstem peratur nicht zu hochgewählt werden,
so dass unerwünschte Zersetzungen eintreten. Beispielsweise haben sich Reaktionstempera- turen zwischen 150 und 400' als praktisch erwiesen.
Um das Wesen der vorliegenden Erfin dung beispielsweise zu illustrieren, sei fol gendes mitgeteilt: 30 % iger wässriger Formaldehyd wurde zusammen mit etwa der äquimolekularen Menge Acetaldehyd verdampft und das so erhaltene Gemisch bei Temperaturen zwi schen<B>260</B> und<B>300'</B> über Tonerde :geleitet. Dabei wurde im Reaktionsgemisch im wesent lichen Aerolein in einer Ausbeute von etwa <B>50%</B> der Theorie erhalten. Durch die oben erwähnten Massnahmen lassen sich die Aus beuten an Aerolein noch weiter erhöhen.
Je nach dem Reaktionsbedingungen ent hält das Reaktionsprodukt Hydraerylaldehyd, Dimethylolacetaldehyd, Glycerin, Glykol, Propylenglykol, Butanol, Acetal einerseits bezw. ungesättigte Verbindungen wie Acro- ein, Vinylaceton oder dergleichen.
Die Auf arbeitung :der erhaltenen Reaktionsprodukte kann durch fraktionierte Destillation bezw. Extraktion in an sich bekannter Weise er folgen. Man kann jedoch auch unter Verzicht auf Abtrennung die Reaktionsmischung ohne weiteres auf andere Produkte weiter ver- arbeiten.
So kann man zum Beispiel ein Reaktionsprodukt, welches im wesentlichen Aerolein enthält, durch direkte Oxydation Crotonsäure bezw.dessen Ester darstellen, oder man kann das Rohgemisch direkt auf Glycerin aufarbeiten.
Process for the production of condensation products of formaldehyde. It is known to produce the corresponding condensation compounds by the action of formaldehyde on acetaldehyde, acetone or other Ogo compounds.
Foimaldehyde acts here as a means of introducing: the methylol group. It has now been found that this reaction can be carried out particularly advantageously if the reaction components are reacted in vapor form at elevated temperatures in the presence of catalysts.
According to the invention, aldehyde and acetaldehyde, for example, methylol acetaldehyde, that is to say hydracrylaldehyde, can be prepared from form aldehyde,
which, however, are generally not stable at the reaction temperatures and form acrolein with elimination of water. Similar results are obtained if formaldehyde is separated with paraformaldehyde,
Metal.dehyd or acetals of A.cetaldehydis respectively. the isomer of acetaldehyde, namely ethylene oxide in vapor form and at elevated temperatures over catalysts. Instead of acetaldehyde, its homologues, such as, for.
B. propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde or the like, use. The ketones behave in a similar way to the aldehydes, with the corresponding thyroid compounds in any case primarily being formed. On the other hand, you can instead of formaldehyde its aoetals, such as. B. dimethylformaldehyde, use.
The reaction can be carried out in the presence of water, as is the case, for example, when ordinary commercial aqueous formaldehyde is reacted. In many cases, however, especially with a view to suppressing the undesired Cannizarro reaction, it can be advantageous
poor water resp. To use anhydrous reaction substances, you can, for. B. ordinary paraformaldehyde or so-called easily soluble paraformaldehyde dissolve in acetaldehyde, paraldehyde and the like, evaporate the mixture obtained in this way and then bring the vapor mixture obtained in the sense of the present process at higher temperatures to reaction.
Incidentally, it is not necessary for the reaction mixture to be evaporated to be in a homogeneous form. For example, para-formaldehyde, optionally mixed with other reaction components, can be evaporated directly at higher temperatures and the vapors thus obtained can be processed as described above.
The reaction according to the present invention is not linked to the presence of catalysts. However, it has been shown that higher conversions and better yields are obtained if one takes care of the C - ', egenwa.rt of @ atal - sators. As catalysts for the present process, all substances come into consideration. Which bezw a condensing. exert water-splitting effect, namely alkali or. basic substances on the one hand. such as
B. 3lagiiesiumoxy d. Aluminum oxide, Zn0, Eialk, Bervlliumoxvd, N a.trium- carbonate, alkaline phosphates and the like, on the other hand acidic condensation agents such as silica gel, aluminum phosphate or other acidic phosphates, such as. B. boron phosphate, phosphoric acid on carriers, such as. B.
Activated carbon, also Titanoxy d, earth acid, such as tungstic acid or lloly bdänäure, or gaseous we kende catalysts such. B. phosphorus oxychloride. Instead of the above-mentioned catalysts, their connections can bezw. Mixtures may be used with catalyst., Atorenträg-rn.
In some cases @ it is recommended. To use catalysts of the type mentioned above, but which contain dehydrating substances, such as. B. copper, nickel, iron, or their oxides and other compounds. In many cases it is advantageous to use the reaction mixture in the presence of inert gases or vaporous diluents, such as. B. carbonic acid, nitrogen or the like to react, which is beneficial, inter alia, because the resulting reaction products such. B.
Aerolein, protected from further undesired decomposition who the. Similar effects can be achieved if the reaction mixture is reacted over the catalyst at particularly high throughput rates. This is necessary, for example, when more powerful reaction conditions are chosen, such as. B. very active catalysts, higher temperatures, or work under increased pressure.
Another possibility of protecting the reaction products formed quickly enough from further undesired decomposition is, on the other hand, that the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure.
This appears particularly suitable if one also wants to obtain unchanged the hydroxyl-containing methylol compounds formed primarily in the reaction.
Finally, in many cases it has proven to be expedient to cool the obtained reaction mixture as quickly as possible after the reaction in order to avoid undesired reactions, such as e.g. Polymerisation, to push back.
The avoidance of undesired polymerizations can also be achieved thereby. be supported that inert diluents are added to the reaction mixture before or after the catalytic reaction, such as. B. water, higher boiling hydrocarbons or the like.
The reaction temperatures which can be used according to the invention can vary within wide limits. However, the temperature will essentially be kept so high that no significant condensation of the reactants takes place on the catalyst, on the other hand the reaction temperature should not be too high,
so that undesirable decomposition occurs. For example, reaction temperatures between 150 and 400 'have proven practical.
In order to illustrate the essence of the present invention, for example, the following should be stated: 30% aqueous formaldehyde was evaporated together with approximately the equimolecular amount of acetaldehyde and the mixture obtained in this way at temperatures between <B> 260 </B> and <B > 300 '</B> over clay: conducted. Essentially aerolein was obtained in the reaction mixture in a yield of about 50% of theory. The above-mentioned measures can be used to further increase the aerolein yields.
Depending on the reaction conditions, the reaction product contains hydraerylaldehyde, dimethylolacetaldehyde, glycerol, glycol, propylene glycol, butanol, acetal on the one hand and respectively. unsaturated compounds such as acro-a, vinyl acetone or the like.
The work-up: the reaction products obtained can BEZW by fractional distillation. Extraction in a known manner he follow. However, the reaction mixture can also be processed further for other products without further separation.
For example, a reaction product, which essentially contains aerolein, can be produced by direct oxidation of crotonic acid or its ester, or the raw mixture can be worked up directly on glycerine.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE835834X | 1937-04-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH212194A true CH212194A (en) | 1940-11-15 |
Family
ID=1554039
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH211656D CH211656A (en) | 1937-04-01 | 1938-03-14 | Process for the production of condensation products of formaldehyde. |
CH212194D CH212194A (en) | 1937-04-01 | 1938-03-14 | Process for the production of condensation products of formaldehyde. |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH211656D CH211656A (en) | 1937-04-01 | 1938-03-14 | Process for the production of condensation products of formaldehyde. |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE427306A (en) |
CH (2) | CH211656A (en) |
FR (1) | FR835834A (en) |
GB (1) | GB513772A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2478989A (en) * | 1946-06-26 | 1949-08-16 | Du Pont | Chemical process for the production of acrolein |
US2549457A (en) * | 1948-08-04 | 1951-04-17 | Du Pont | Preparation of alphamethylacrolein |
US2605287A (en) * | 1950-08-24 | 1952-07-29 | Cities Service Oil Co | Hydrolysis of methylal |
US2821543A (en) * | 1955-01-10 | 1958-01-28 | Celanese Corp | Production of unsaturated aliphatic esters |
US3541142A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1970-11-17 | Merck & Co Inc | (4-(2-hydroxymethylalkanoyl)phenoxy) acetic acids |
FR2997397B1 (en) | 2012-10-29 | 2014-11-07 | Arkema France | PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES FROM ALCOHOL MIXTURES |
FR3019545B1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-03-11 | Arkema France | PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF (METH) ACROLEIN FROM ETHERS AND / OR ACETALS |
US9834501B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-12-05 | Eastman Chemical Company | Efficient synthesis of methacroelin and other alpha, beta—unsaturated aldehydes from methanol and an aldehyde |
US9828322B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-11-28 | Eastman Chemical Company | Efficient synthesis of methacroelin and other alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes over a regenerable anatase titania catalyst |
-
1938
- 1938-03-14 CH CH211656D patent/CH211656A/en unknown
- 1938-03-14 CH CH212194D patent/CH212194A/en unknown
- 1938-03-28 FR FR835834D patent/FR835834A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-03-31 GB GB1483/39A patent/GB513772A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-03-31 BE BE427306A patent/BE427306A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH211656A (en) | 1940-10-15 |
BE427306A (en) | 1938-04-30 |
GB513772A (en) | 1939-10-20 |
FR835834A (en) | 1939-01-04 |
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