CA2515282C - Integrated camera system including image sensor, image processing and printer drive circuits - Google Patents

Abstract

A camera system including an image sensor and processing device for sensing and processing an image, a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media and a print head for printing said sensed image on print media stored internally to the camera system. The image sensor and processing device are a single integrated circuit chip including the following interconnected components: a processing unit for controlling operation of the camera system; a program ROM utilized by said processing unit; a CMOS pixel image sensor for sensing said image; a memory store for storing images and associated program data; a series of motor drive units each including motor drive transistors for the driving of external mechanical system of said camera system; and print head interface unit for driving said print head for printing of said sensed image.

Description

INTEGRATED CAMERA SYSTEM INCLUDING IMAGE SENSOR, IMAGE PROCESSING AND
PRINTER DRIVE CIRCUITS

Field of the Invention The present relates substantially to the concept of a disposable camera having instant printing capabilities and in particular, discloses A Low Cost Disposable Camera System.

Background of the Invention Recently, the concept of a "single use" disposable camera has become increasingly popular consumer item. Disposable camera systems presently on the market normally include an internal film roll and a simplified gearing mechanism for traversing the film roll across an imaging system including a shutter and lensing system. The user, after utilising a single role film returns the camera system to a film development centre for processing. The film roll is taken out of the camera system and processed and the prints returned to the user. The camera system is then able to be re-manufactured through the insertion of a new film roll into the camera system, the replacement of any worn or wearable parts and the re-packaging of the camera system in accordance with requirements. In this way the concept of a single use "disposable" camera is provided to the consumer.
Recently, a camera system has been proposed by the present applicant which provides for a handheld camera device having an internal print head, image sensor and processing means such that images sense by the image sensing means, are processed by the processing means and adapted to be instantly printed out by the printing means on demand. The proposed camera system further discloses a system of internal "print rolls" carrying print media such as film on to which images are to be printed in addition to ink to supplying the printing means for the printing process.
The print roll is further disclosed to be detachable and replaceable within the camera system.
Unfortunately, such a system is likely to only be constructed at a substantial cost and it would be desirable to provide for a more inexpensive form of instant camera system which maintains a substantial number of the quality aspects of the aforementioned arrangement.
In particular, in any "disposable camera" it would be desirable to provide for a simple and rapid form of replenishment of the consumable portions in any disposable camera so that the disposable camera can be readily and rapidly serviced by replenishment and return to the market place.
It would be further desirable to provide for a simple means of storage of replenishable portions of a displosable camera system to allow for their rapid replenishment.
It would be further desirable to provide, in such a camera system, an ink cartridge for the storage of inks to be utilized in the printing out of images.
It would be desirable to provide for an extremely low cost camera system having as great quality as possible.
In this respect, the camera system, as previously proposed should include mechanisms for sensing and processing sensed images in addition to mechanisms for printing out the images on print media via a printhead system. It would be further desirable to provide for a system having a convenient and compact arrangement of components such that they can be inexpensively manufactured in an inexpensive manner so as to allow for the readily disposable form of printing.
In any form of disposable camera arrangement, there will be the attraction for clone manufacturers to attempt to copy the process of refurbishing a used camera so as to derive profit from the refurbishment process.
Unfortunately, such refurbishment may cause untold damage to the camera in particular in use of inappropriate inks and print media within the camera. The inappropriate use of such materials may result in an inferior quality product,

-2-especially where the refurbishment is done by a counterfeiter wishing to pass of their product as being one of the "originals". In this respect, the damage to the camera may be permanent, resulting in an inferior product where the consumer will readily blame the manufacturer for the production of such an inferior product even though it may not be the manufacturers fault.
It would therefore be desirable to provide for a camera and refilling processing system which alleviates these problems thereby providing the consumers with a better quality product and a higher level of quality assurance.
In the field of photography, three important effects are of great relevance.
The first is the destinction between color and black and white. A significant portion of photography now utilises color, however a non-insignificant portion of photography still is steeped in the field of black and white photography.
Additionally, sepia tones have been generally utilised in traditional camera photography and are still highly popular for the production of traditional looking camera photographs especially with wedding photos or the like. It would therefore be desirable to be able to readily provide for the selection between these multiple different types of outputs such that a user can readily utilise any of the different formats.
Further it is desirable to provide as versatile a one time use camera system as possible so that it can produce a substantial number of different specialized effects instantly on demand.
Unfortunately, on a disposable camera, it is desirable to provide as low a degree of functional complexity as possible in addition to minimizing power requirements. In this respect, it is necessary to dispense with as much of the user interface complexity as possible in addition to providing for efficient operation.
Unfortunately, such a system is likely to only be constructed at a substantial cost and it would be desirable to provide for a more inexpensive form of instant camera system which maintains a substantial number of the quality aspects of the aforementioned arrangement.
It would be further advantageous to provide for the effective interconnection of the sub components of a camera system. -It would be advantageous to provide for a camera system having an effective color correction or gamut remapping capabilities.
Unfortunately, such as system is likely to only be constructed at a substantial cost and it would be desirable to provide for a more inexpensive form of instant camera system which maintains a substantial number of the quality aspects of the aforementioned arrangement.
It would be further advantegeous to provide for the effective interconnection of the sub components of a camera system and for the effective driving of movable parts within the camera system.
It would be further advantegous to provide for the effective interconnection of the sub components of a camera system.
Further, as it is proposed utilising such a re-capping mechanism in a disposable handheld camera system, it will be desirable to provide for an extremely inexpensive form of re-capping mechanism that can be utilised in an inexpensive form of disposable camera.
It would be further desirable to provide for a simplified form of automated picture counting in a disposable camera system.
Unfortunately, such a system is likely to only be constructed at a substantial cost and it would be desirable to provide for a more inexpensive form of instant camera system which maintains a substantial number of the quality

-3-aspects of the aforementioned arrangement.
Disclosed herein is a handheld camera system comprising: a core chassis; an ink cartidge unit including an ink supply and print head unit, the ink cartridge unit being mounted on the chassis; a roll of print media rotatably mounted between end portions of the chassis, the print head unit being adapted to print on the print media; a plattern unit including mounted below the print head unit; image sensor and control circuitry interconnected to the print head unit and adapted to sense an image for printing by the print head unit; an outer casing for enclosing the chassis, ink cartridge unit, the print media, the plattern unit and the circuitry.
Preferably, the camera system further comprises a cutting unit adapted to traverse the print media so as to separate the print media into separate images. The cutting unit can be mounted on the plattern unit and the plattern unit can further include a print head recapping unit for capping the print head when not in use.
The camera system can further comprise a series of pinch rollers for decurling the print media.
Also disclosed is a camera system comprising an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media; a print head for printing the sensed image on the print media stored internally to the camera system; a portable power supply interconnected to the print head, the sensor and the processing means, a method of providing for the effective storage of the print media and the power supply comprising storing the power supply in a centrally located cavity inside a roll of the print media.
Preferably, the print media and the power supply are stored in a detachable module which is detachable from the camera system. The print media can be adapted to rotate around the power supply when the camera system is printing the sensed image on the print media. The portable power supply can comprise at least one battery and preferably comprises two standard batteries placed end to end. The batteries can be AA batteries.
Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a camera system comprising an image sensor and processing device for sensing and processing an image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media; a print head for printing the sensed image on print media stored internally to the camera system; the image sensor and processing device comprising a single intergrated circuit chip including the following interconnected components; a processing unit for controlling the operation of the camera system; a program ROM
utilized by the processing unit; a CMOS active pixel image sensor for sensing the image; a memory store for storing images and associated program data; a series of motor drive units each including motor drive transistors for the driving of external mechanical system of the camera system; and print head interface unit for driving the print head for printing of the sensed image.
Preferably, the motor drive transistors are located along one peripheral edge of the integrated circuit and the CMOS pixel image sensor is located along an opposite edge of the integrated circuit.
Preferably the image sensor and processing device further include a halftoning unit for halftoning the sensed image into corresponding bi-level pixel elements for printing out by the print head. The halftoning unit can implement a dither operation and includes a halftone matrix ROM utilized by the halftoning unit in performing the halftoning operation.

-4-Also disclosed herein is a print head ink supply unit for supplying a pagewidth print head for the ejection of ink by the print head having a first surface having a plurality of holes for the supply on ink to a series of ejection nozzles, the print head supply unit comprising a plurality of long columnar chambers for storing an ink supply, one for each output color, the chambers running substantially the length of the printhead adjacent the first surface thereof, and a series of tapered separators separating the chambers from one another, the tapered separators being tapered into an end strip running along the first surface along substantially the length of the printhead.
The unit can further include a series of regularly spaced structural support members for supporting the tapered separators in a predetermined relationship to one another. The tapered separators can be formed in a single ejection molded unit with a wall of the unit abutting the printhead. The tapered separators taper to substantially abut a slot in the wall of the unit, the slot being adapted for the insertion of the print head. The unit can be constructed from two plastic injection moulded portions welded together.
The long columnar chambers can be filled with a sponge like material to aid usage. Preferably, the print head outputs at least three separate colors for the provision of full color output images.
The unit can include a series of air channels communication of each of the chambers with an external ambient atmosphere, the air channels having an erratic wandering path from an end communicating with the chamber to an end connecting the ambient atmosphere. The channel also preferably contains hydrophobic surfaces to prevent ink flow therein. The channel can be manufactured in the form of a channel having an exposed surface which is subsequently sealed by means of an adhesive surface being attached to the unit.
Each chamber can further include an aperture defined in a wall therein for the insertion of a refill needle for refilling the chamber with ink.
There is also disclosed herein a print head ink supply unit wherein one a portion of the unit includes a series of air channels defined therein for communication of each of the chambers with an external ambient atmosphere, the air channels having an erratic wandering path from an end communicating with the chamber to an end connecting the ambient atmosphere.
A system for authentication of the refill of a camera system may have an internal ink supply and print media for the printing out of images sensed by the camera system, the system comprising; refill means for providing a supply of ink and print media to the camera system; communication connection means within the camera system adapted to interconnect with a corresponding communication connection means within the refill station; a camera system interrogation means stored internally to the camera system and adapted to utilize the communication connection means to interrogate the refill system so as to determine the authenticity thereof.
The camera system interrogation means can be created on a silicone chip integrated circuit stored within the camera system, with the camera system interrogation means being created on the same silicone chip as an image sensor for sensing images by the camera system. The communication connection means can a JTAG interface of the chip.
Preferably, the camera system interrogation means includes a sensitive memory value store such as a flash memory store fabricated with a conductive metal plane covering the sensitive memory value store.

-5-Upon a determination of the authenticity of the refill station, the camera system interrogation means can resets the value of a print counter indicating the number of prints left for output by the camera system.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a handheld camera system comprising an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a storage means for storing images and programs for utilization by the processor means; a print media stored internally to the camera system; a print head for printing the sensed image on the print media; an alterable switch for storing a current state of output types of the camera system; a switch interconnected to the processing means and having a number of predetermined states and the processing means adapted to monitor the switch state and process the sensed image in accordance with the switch state to cause the print head to output a corresponding modified image in accordance with the switch state.
Preferably, the processing means is adapted to output at least two images from the group of; digitally enhanced standard color images, sepia color images, black and white images, black and white images with minor color additions, multi passport photograph images, sketch simulated images, bordered images, panoramic images, images with addition clip arts, kaleidoscope effect images, or color modified images.
The processing means and the switch can be created on a single integrated circuit device, the device being programmable by an externally device with the switch being externally programmable. The camera system can also comprise a detachable jacket having printed information on the surface thereof indicative of the type of effect.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a camera system comprising an image sensor device for sensing and storing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media; a print head for printing the sensed image on print media stored internally to the camera system; a first button and second button each interconnected to the processing means; a method of operation of the camera system comprising utilizing the first button to activate the image sensor device to sense an image; and utilizing the second button to activate the print head to print out a copy of the image on the print head.
Preferably, the utilization of the first button also results in the printing out of the sensed image on the print media using the print head. The camera system can further include an activation indicator such as a light emitting diode and the method can further comprises the steps of activating the activation indicator for a predetermined time interval when the image sensor is initially activated; storing the sensed image for at least the predetermined time interval; deactivating the activation indicator after the predetermined time interval; and deactivating the sensor device after the predetermined time interval. Further, the predetermined interval can be extended if the second button is activated.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a camera system comprising:
an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media for printing of images; a page width print head moulding including a print head for printing the sensed image on print media stored internally in the print media supply means in addition to a series of ink supply chambers for the storage of ink; a portable power supply interconnected to the print head, the sensor and the processing means; a method of positioning the image sensor device within the camera comprising affixing the image sensor device to a surface of the print head moulding.

-6-Preferably, the print head is of a long strip form having a tape automated bonded interconnect along at least one strip edge thereof and the image sensor device comprises a planar integrated circuit of substantially rectangular dimensions having a further tape automated bonded interconnect along at least one edge thereof and the planar integrated circuit and the print head being interconnected to one another.
Further, preferably, the processing means is incorporated onto the planar integrated circuit and includes a print head controller means for controlling the operation of the print head.
The interconnect can comprises of a series of wires in embedded in a non-conductive flexible sheet, the sheet being generally of a rectangular form with the print head being interconnected along one surface thereof and the planar integrated circuit being mounted within an aperture in the sheet.
Further, the camera system further includes a series of control buttons, the control buttons further being mounted on the flexible sheet.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a camera system including:
an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; and a printing system for printing out the sensed image; a method of color correcting a sensed image to be printed out by the print head, comprising: utilizing the image sensor device to sense a first image;
processing the first image to determine color characteristics of a first sensed image; utilizing the image sensor device to sense a second image, in rapid succession to the first image; applying color correction methods to the second image based on the determined color characteristics of the first sensed image; and printing out the second image.
Preferably, the second sensed image is sensed within 1 second of the first sensed image and the processing step includes examining the intensity characteristics of the first image. The processing step can include determining a maximum and minimum intensity of the first image and utilizing the intensities to rescale the intensities of the second image.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a camera system comprising:
an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of a roll of print media for printing of images; a page width print head moulding including a print head for printing the sensed image on print media stored internally in the print media supply means in addition to a series of ink supply chambers for the storage of ink; a portable power supply interconnected to the print head, the sensor and the processing means; a cutting mechanism for cutting portions of print media containing images; a first drive motor adapted to drive the paper media supply means for moving the paper media past the print head; and a second drive motor adapted to drive the cutting mechanism for cutting the portions.
Preferably, each of the drive motors includes a gear chain mechanism for driving corresponding mechanisms in a geared manner. The first drive motor can comprise a stepper motor which is preferably operated in a mutually exclusive manner with the print head.
Further, each of the drive motors can be driven in a forward and reverse manner during normal operation of the camera system.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a camera system comprising:
an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of a roll of print media for the printing of images; a page width print head

-7-molding including a print head for printing the sensed image on print media stored internally in the print media supply means in addition to a series of ink supply chambers for the storage of ink for utilization by the print head; a series of print rollers interconnected in the path between the print media supply means and the page width print head molding for pinching the paper and driving the paper past the print head.
Preferably, the number of print rollers is at least 3 and the print rollers apply a decurling twist to the print media. The print rollers are snap fitted to the camera system. Two of the print roller can be mounted on a first chassis which to which the print head is molding is also mounted and a third one of the print rollers is mounted on a detachable plattern device. The third print roller can be inserted between the other two of the print rollers and the plattern snap fitted to the chassis.
in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in a camera system comprising:
an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means for the supply of print media to a print head; a print head for printing the sensed image on the print media stored internally to the camera system; a portable power supply interconnected to the print head, the sensor and the processing means; and a guillotine mechanism located between the print media supply means and the print head and adapted to cut the print media into sheets of a predetermined size.
Further, preferably, the guillotine mechanism is detachable from the camera system. The guillotine mechanism can be attached to the print media supply means and is detachable from the camera system with the print media supply means. The guillotine mechanism can be mounted on a plattern unit below the print head.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a print head recapping mechanism for recapping a pagewidth ink jetting print head structure, comprising a first stationary ferrous arm; a solenoid coil wrapped around a portion of the ferrous arm; a second moveable arm located substantially adjacent the first arm and biased towards the printhead structure; a series of membranes attached to the second movable arm the membranes sealing the print head structure when in a rest position; the solenoid being activated to cause the movable arm to move away from the surface of the print head structure sufficient to allow a "paper or film" to be inserted between membranes and the print head structure for the printing of ink thereon.
Preferably, the membranes are resiliently collapsible against the surface of the print head structure. The membranes can comprise two mutually opposed elastomer strips running substantially the length of the ink jetting portions of the print head structure so as to surround the ink jetting portions.
The solenoid can include an elongated winding of a current carrying wire which is wrapped around a protuding portion of the first arm, the elongation being substantially the length of the print head structure. Further, the second movable arm is biased against the surface of the print head structure. The solenoid can be activated to move the second arm closely adjacent the first arm with a level of current and the solenoid is retained whilst printing closely adjacent the first arm with a second substantially lower level of current.
The present invention has a particular application in a hand held camera device.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a portable camera system comprising an image sensor device for sensing an image; a processing means for processing the sensed image; a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media in a roll form; a print head for printing the sensed image on print media stored internally to the camera system; and a cutter mechanism for cutting the printed sensed images comprising a worm screw extending the length of the printed sensed image; and a worm gear attached to the worm

-8-screw and adapted to be driven the length of the printed sensed image, the worm gear including a cutting blade for cutting the print media into separate sheets.
The cutting blade can comprise a rotatable wheel having a sharpened outer edge and the cogged wheel can have a series of usage indicators printed on one surface thereof and the worm gear can includes a lever arm wherein the traversal of the worm gear along the length of the printed sensed image results in the engagement of the lever arm with the cogged wheel print indicator so as to rotate the cogged wheel print indicator so that it maintains a current indication of the number of images printed out on the print media.
The camera can further comprise a pawl mechanism which interacts with the coggs of the cogged wheel print indicator in the form of a rachet and pawl mechanism and the lever arm can includes a flexible portion for engagement with the cogged wheel print indicator.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided in an integrated circuit type device comprising timing means able to produce a variable period clock signal, the variation being proportional to an input signal; storage means for storing a value for the input signal for input to the timing means; a method comprising the steps of: testing the timing means after the fabrication of the integrated circuit type device to determine a current timing parameter value for rescaling the timing means so as to produce a clock output pulse having a period within a predetermined range.
The clock signal can be utilized to determine a pulse length with which to drive an actuator of an ink jet printing type device. Ideally the device is utilised in a print on demand camera system and the timing means provides the clocking signal for the device and the storage means comprises a flash memory circuit on the device.
Brief Description of the Drawings Nowithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. I illustrated a side front perspective view of the assembled camera of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.2 illustrates a back side perspective view, partly exploded, of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.3 is a side perspective view of the chassis of the preferred embodiment Fig.4 is a side perspective view of the chassis illustrating the insertion of the electric motors;
Fig.5 is an exploded perspective of the ink supply mechanism of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.6 is a side perspective of the assembled form of the ink supply mechanism of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.7 is a front prespective view of the assembled form of the ink supply mechanism of the preferred embodiment:
Fig 8 is an exploded perspective of the plattem unit of the preferred embodiment Fig.9 is a side perspective view of the assembled form of the plattem unit Fig. 10 is also a perspective view of the assembled form of the plattem unit Fig. 1 I is an exploded perspective unit of the printhead recapping mechanism of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.12 is a close up exploded perspective of the recapping mechanism of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.13 is an exploded perspective of the ink supply cartridge of the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 14 is a close up perspective, partly in section of the interval portions of the ink supply cartridge in an assembled form;

-9-Fig. 15 is a schematic block diagram of one form of chip layer of the image capture and processing chip of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.16 is an exploded perspective illustrating the assembly process of the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 17 illustates a front exploded perspective view of the assembly process of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.18 illustrates a side perspective view of the assembly process of the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 19 illustrates a side perspective view of the assembly process of the preferred embodiment Fig.20 is a perspective view illustrating the insertion of the plattern unit in the preferred embodiment;
Fig.21 illustrates the interconnection of the electrical components of the preferred embodiment;
Fig.22 illustrates the process of assembling the preferred embodiment; and Fig.23 is a perspective view further illustrating the assembly process of the preferred embodiment.
Description of Preferred and Other Embodiments Turning initially simultaneously to Fig.1, and Fig.2 there is illustrated perspective views of an assembled camera constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment with Fig.1 showing a front side perspective view and Fig.2 showing a back side perspective view. The camara I includes a paper or plastic firm jacket 2 which can include simplified instructions 3 for the operation of the camera system 1.
The camera system 1 includes a first "take"
button 4 which is depressed to capture an image. The captured image is output via output slot 6. A further copy of the image can be obtained through depressing a second "printer copy" button 7 whilst an LED light is illuminated.
The camera system also provides the usual view finder 8 in addition to a CCD
image capture/lensing system 9.
The camera system I provides for a standard number of output prints after which the camera system l ceases to function. A prints left indicator slot 10 is provided to indicate the number of remaining prints. A refund scheme at the point of purchase is assumed to be operational for the return of used camera systems for recycling.
Turning now to Fig. 3, the assembly of the camera system is based around an internal chasses 12 which can be a plastic injection molded part. A pair of paper pinch rollers 28, 29 utilized for decurling are snap fitted into corresponding frame holes eg. 26, 27.
As shown in Fig.4, the chassis 12 includes a series of mutually opposed prongs eg. 13, 14 into which is snapped fitted a series of electric motors 16, 17. The electric motors 16, 17 can be entirely standard with the motor 16 being of a stepper motor type and include a cogged end portion 19, 20 for driving a series of gear wells. A first set of gear wells is provided for controlling a paper cutter mechanism and a second set provided for controlling print roll movement.
Turning next to Figs.5 to 7, there is illustrated an ink supply mechanism 40 utilized in the camera system.
Fig.5 illustrates a back exploded perspective view, Fig 6 illustrates a back assembled view and Fig.7 illustrates a front assembled view. The ink supply mechanism 40 is based around an ink supply cartridge 42 which contains printer ink and a print head mechinism for printing out pictures on demand.
The ink supply cartridge 42 includes a side aluminium strip 43 which is provided as a shear strip to assist in cutting images from a paper roll.
A dial mechanism 44 is provided for indicating the number of "prints left".
The dial mechanism 44 is snap fitted through a corresponding mating portion 46 as to be freely rotatable.
As shown in Fig. 6, the print head includes a flexible PCB strip 47 which interconnects with the print head and provides for control of the print head. The interconnection between the Flex PCB strip and an image sensor and print head chip can be via Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) Strips 51, 58. A
moulded aspherical lens and aperture

-10-shim 50 (Fig. 5) is also provided for imaging an image onto the surface of the image sensor chip normally located within cavity 53 and a light box module or hood 52 is provided for snap fitting over the cavity 53 so as to provide for proper light control. A series of decoupling capacitors eg. 34 can also be provided. Further a plug 45 (Fig. 7) is provided for re-plugging ink holes after refilling. A series of guide prongs eg. 55-57 are further provided for guiding the flexible PCB strip 47.
The ink supply mechanism 40 interacts with a plattern unit which guides print media under a printhead located int eh ink supply mechanism. Fig. 8 shows an exploded view of the plattern unit 60. while Figs. 9 and 10 show assembled views of the plattern unit. The plattern unit 60 includes a first pinch roller 61 which is snap fitted to one side of a plattern base 62. Attached to a second side of the plattern base 62 is a cutting mechanism 63 which traverses the plattern by means of a rod 64 having a screwed thread which is rotated by means of cogged wheel 65 which is also fitted to the plattern 62. The screwed thread engages a block of 67 which includes a cutting wheel 68 fastened via a fastener 69. Also mounted to the block 67 is a counter actuator which includes a prong 71. The prong 71 acts to rotate the dial mechanism 44 of Fig. 6 upon the return traversal of the cutting wheel. As shown previously in Fig. 6, the dial mechanism 44 includes a cogged surface which interacts with pawl lever 73, thereby maintaining a count of the number of photographs taken on the surface of dial mechanism 44. The cutting mechanism 63 is inserted into the plattern base 62 by means of a snap fit via receptacle eg. 74.
The plattern 62 includes an internal recapping mechanism 80 for recapping the print head when not in use.
The recapping mechanism 80 includes a sponge portion 81 and is operated via a solenoid coil so as to provide for recapping of the print head. In the preferred embodiment, there is provided an inexpensive form of printhead re-capping mechanism provided for incorporation into a handheld camera system so as to provide for printhead re-capping of an inkjet printhead.
Fig. 11 illustrates an exploded view of the recapping mechanism whilst Fig. 12 illustrates a close up of the end portion thereof. The re-capping mechanism 90 is structured around a solenoid including a 16 turn coil 75 which can comprise insulated wire. The coil 75 is turned around a first stationary solenoid arm 76 which is mounted on a bottom surface of the pattern 62(Fig.8) and includes a post portion 77 to magnify effectiveness of operation. The arm 76 can comprise a ferrous material.
A second moveable arm of the solenoid actuator is also provided 78. The arm, 78 being moveable and also made of ferrous material. Mounted on the arm is a sponge portion surrounded by an elastomer strip 79. The elastomer strip 79 is of a generally acurate cross section and act as a leaf springs against the surface of the printhead ink supply cartridge 42 (Fig.5) as as to provide for a sea] against the surface of the printhead ink supply cartridge 42.
In the quiescent position a elastomer sprint units 87, 88 act to resiliently deform the elastomer seal 79 against the surface of the ink supply unit 42.
When it is desired to operate the printhead unit, upon the insertion of paper, the solenoid coil 75 is activated so as to cause the arm 78 to move down to be adjacent to the end plate 76. The arm 78 is held against end plate 76 while the printhead is printing by means of a small "keeper current" in coil 77. Simulation results indicate that the keeper current can be significantly less then the actuation current.
Subsequently, after photo printing, the paper is guillotined by the cutting mechanism 63 of Fig. 8 acting against Aluminium Strip 43 of Fig. 5, and rewound so as to clear the area of the re-capping mechanism 88. Subsequently, the current is turned off and springs 87, 88 return the arm 78 so that the elastomer seal is again resting against the printhead ink supply cartridge.

-11-It can be seen that the preferred embodiment provides for a simple and inexpensive means of re-capping a printhead through the utilisation of a solenoid type device having a long rectangular form. Further, the preferred embodiment utilises minimal power in that currents are only required whilst the device is operational and additionally, only a low keeper current is required whilst the printhead is printing.
Turning next to Fig. 13 and 14, Fig. 13 illustrates an exploded perspective of the ink supply cartridge 42 whilst Fig. 14 illustrates a close up sectional view of a bottom of the ink supply cartridge with the printhead unit in place. The ink supply cartridge 42 is based around a pagewidth printhead 102 which comprises a long slither of silicon having a series of holes etched on the back surface for the supply of ink to a front surface of the silicon wafer for subsequent ejection via a micro electro mechanical system. The form of ejection can be many different forms such as those set out in the relevant provisional patent specifications of the attached appendix. In particular, the ink jet printing system set out in PCTAU98/00550 filed concurrently herewith is highly suitable. Of course, many other inkjet technologies, as referred to the attached appendix, can also be utilised when constructing a printhead unit 102. The fundamental requirement of the ink supply cartridge 42 being the supply of ink to a series of color channels etched through the back surface of the printhead 102. In the description of the preferred embodiment, it is assumed that a three color printing process is to be utilised so as to provide full color picture output. Hence, the print supply unit 42 includes three ink supply reservoirs being a cyan reservoir 104, a megenta reservoir 105 and a yellow reservoir 106.
Each of these reservoirs is required to store ink and includes a corresponding sponge type material 107 - 109 which assists in stabilising ink within the corresponding ink channel and therefore preventing the ink from sloshing back and forth when the printhead is utilised in a handheld camera system. The reservoirs 104, 105, 106 are formed through the mating of first exterior plastic piece 110 mating with a second base piece) 111.
At a first end of the base piece I 1 includes a series of air inlet 113 - 115.
The air inlet leads to a corresponding winding channel which is hydrophobically treated so as to act as an ink repellent and therefore repel any ink that may flow along the air inlet channel. The air inlet channel further takes a convoluted path further -assisting in resisting any ink flow out of the chanbers 104 - 106. An adhesive tape portion 117 is provided for sealing the channel within end portion 118.
At the top end, there is included a series of refill holes for refilling corresponding ink supply chambers 104, 105, 106. A plug 121 is provided for sealing the refill holes.
Turning now to Fig. 14, there is illustrated a close up perspective view, partly in section through the ink supply cartridge 42 of Fig. 13 when formed as unit. The ink supply cartridge includes the three color ink reservoirs 104, 105, 106 which supply ink to different portions of the back surface of printhead 102 which includes a series of apertures 128 defined therein for carriage of the ink to the front surface.
The ink supply unit includes two guide walls 124, 125 which separate the various ink chambers and are tapered into an end portion abbutting the surface of the printhead 102. The guide walls are further mechanically supported and regular spaces by a block portions eg. 126 which are placed at regular intervals along the length of the printhead supply unit. The block portions 126 leaving space at portions close to the back of printhead 102 for the flow of ink around the back surface thereof.
The printhead supply unit is preferably formed from a multi-part plastic injection mould and the mould pieces eg. 10, 11 (Fig. 1) snap together around the sponge pieces 107, 109.
Subsequently, a syringe type device can

-12-be inserted in the ink refill holes and the ink reservoirs filled with ink with the air flowing out od the air outlets 113 -115. Subsequently, the adhesive tape portion 117 and plug 121 are attached and the printhead tested for operation capabilities. Subsequently, the ink supply cartridge 42 can be readily removed for refilling by means of removing the ink supply cartridge, performing a washing cycle, and then utilising the holes for the insetion of a refill syringe filled with ink for refilling the ink chamber before returning the ink supply cartridge 42 to a camera.
Turning now to Fig. 15, there is shown an example layout of the image Capture and Processing Chip (ICP) 48.
The Image Capture and Processing Chip 48 provides most of the electronic functionality of the camera with the exception of the print head chip. The chip 48 is a highly intergrated system. It combines CMOS image sensing, analog to digital conversion, digital image processing.. DRAM
storage, ROM and miscellaneous control functions in a single chip.
The chip is estimated to be around 32mrm using a leading edge 0.18 micron CMOS/DRAM/APS process. The chip size and cost can scale somewhat with Moore's Law, but is dominated by a CMOS active pixel sensor array 201, so scaling is limited as the sensor pixels approach the diffraction limit.
The ICP 48 includes CMOS logic, a CMOS image sensor, DRAM and analog circuitry. A very small amount of flash memory of other non- volatile memory is also preferably included for protection against reverse engineering.
Alternatively, the ICP can readily be divided into two chips; one for the CMOS
imaging array, and the other for the remaining circuitry. The cost of this two chip solution should not be significantly different than the single chip ICP, as the extra cost of packaging and bond-pad area is somewhat cancelled by the reduced total wafer area requiring the color filter fabrication steps.
The ICP preferably contains the following functions:
Function 1.5 megapixel image sensor Analog Signal Processors Image sensor column decoders Image sensor row decoders Analogue to Digital Conversion (ADC) Column ADC's Auto exposure 12 Mbits of DRAM
DRAM Address Generator Color interpolator Convolver Color ALU
Halftone matrix ROM

-13-Function Digital halftoning Print head interface 8 bit CPU core Program ROM
Flash memory Scratchpad SRAM
Parallel interface (8 bit) Motor drive transistors (5) Clock PLL
JTAG test interface Test Circuits Busses Bond pads The CPU, DRAM, Image sensor, ROM, Flash memory, Parallel interface, JTAG
interface and ADC can be vendor supplied cores. The ICP is intended to run on 1.5V to minimise power consumption and allow convenient operation from two AA type battery cells.
Fig. 15 illustrates a layout of the ICP 48. The ICP 48 is dominated by the imaging array 201, which consumes around 80% of the chip area. The imaging array is a CMOS 4 transistor active pixel design with a resolution of 1,500 x 1,000. The array can be divided into the conventional configuration, with two green pixels, one red pixel, and one blue pixel in each pixel group. There are 750 x 500 pixel groups in the imaging array.
The latest advances in the field of image sensing and CMOS image sensing in particular can be found in the October, 1997 issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices and, in particular, pages 1689 to 1968. Further, a specific implementation similar to that disclosed in the present application is disclosed in Wong et, al, "CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensors Fabricated Using a 1.8V, 0.25 gm CMOS Technology", IEDM
1996, page 915 The imaging array uses a 4 transistor active pixel design of a standard configuration. To minimise chip area and therefore cost, the image sensor pixels should be as small as feasible with the technology available. With a four transistor cell, the typical pixel size scales as 20 times the lothographic feature size. This allows a minimum pixel area of around 3.6 gm x 3.6 gm. However, the photosite must be substantially above the diffraction limit of the lens. It is also advantegeous to have a separate photosite, to maximise the margin over the diffraction limit in both horizontal and vertical directions. In this case, the photosite can be specified as 2.5 m x 2.5 m. The photosite can be a photogate, pinned photodiode, charge modulation device, or other sensor.
The four transistors are packed as an "L" shape, rather than a rectangular region, to allow both the pixel and the photosite to be square. This reduces the transistor packing density slightly, increasing pixel size. However, the advantage in avoiding the diffraction limit is greater than the small decrease in packing density.
The transistors also have a gate length which is longer than the minimum for the process technology. These have been increased from a drawn length of 0.18 micron to a drawn length of 0.36 micron. This is to improve the

-14-transistor matching by making the variations in gate length represent a smaller proportion of the total gate length.
The extra gate length, and the `L' shaped packing, mean that the transistors use more area than the minimum for the technology. Normally, around 8 gm would be required for rectangular packing. Preferably, 9.75 gm zhas been allowed for the transistors.
The total area for each pixel is 16 m 1, resulting from a pixel size of 4 gm x 4 gm. With a resolution of 1,500 x 1,000, the area of the imaging array 101 is 6,000 gm x 4,000 m, or 24 mm ].
The presence of a color image sensor on the chip affects the process required in two major ways:
- The CMOS fabrication process should be optimized to minimise dark current Color filters are required. These can be fabricated using dyed photosensitive polyimides, resulting in an added process complexity of three spin coatings, three photolithographic steps, three development steps, and three hardbakes.
There are 15,000 analog signal processors (ASPs) 205, one for each of the columns of the sensor. The ASP's amplify the signal, provide a dark current reference, sample and hold the signal, and suppress the fixed pattern noise (FPN).
There are 375 analog to digital converters 206, one for each four columns of the sensor array. These may be delta-sigma or successive approximation type ADC's. A row of low column ADC's are used to reduce the conversion speed required, and the amount of analog signal degradation incurred before the signal is converted to digital. This also eliminates the hot sport (affecting local dark current) and the substrate coupled noise that would occur if a single high speed ADC was used. Each ADC also has two four bit DAC's which trim the offset and scale of the ADC to further reduce FPN Variations between columns. These DAC's are controlled by data stored in flash memory during chip testing.
The column select logic 204 is a 1:1500 decoder which enables the appropriate digital output od the ADC's onto the output bus. As each ADC is shared by four columns, the least significant two bits of the row select control 4 input analog multiplexors.
A row decoder 207 is a 1:1000 decoder which enables the appropriate row of the active pixel sensor array.
This selects which of the 1000 rows of the imaging array is connected to analog signal processors. As the rows are always in sequence, the row select logic can be implemented as a shift register.
An auto exposure system 208 adjusts the reference voltage of the ADC 205 in response to the maximum intensity sensed during the previous frame period. Data from the green pixels is passed through a digital peak detector.
The peak value of the image frame period before capture (the reference frame) is provided to a digital to analogue converter(DAC), which generates the global reference voltage for the column ADC's. The peak detector is reset at the beginning of the reference frame. The minimum and maximum values of the three RGB color components are also collected for color correction.
The second largest section of the chip is consumed by a DRAM 210 used to hold the image. To store the 1,500 x 1,000 image from the sensor without compression, 1.5 Mbytes of DRAM
210 are required. This equals 12 Mbits, or slightly less than 5% of a 256 Mbit DRAM. The DRAM technology assumed is of the 256 Mbit generation implemented using 0.18gm CMOS.
Using a standard 8F cell, the area taken by the memory array is 3.11 mm 7.
When row decoders, column sensors, redundancy, and other factors are taken into account, the DRAM
requires around 4mm :.

-15-This DRAM 210 can be mostly eliminated if analog storage of the image signal can be accurately maintained in the CMOS imaging array for the two seconds required to print the photo.
However, digital storage of the image is preferable as it is maintained without degradation, is insensitive to noise, and allows copies of the photo to be printed considerably later.
A DRAM address generator 211 provides the write and read address to the DRAM
210. Under normal operation, the write address is determined by the order of the data read from the CMOS image sensor 201. This will typically be a simple raster format. However, the data can be read from the sensor 201 in any order, if matching write addresses to the DRAM are generated. The read order from the DRAM 210 will normally simply match the requirements of a color interpolator and the print head. As the cyan, magenta, and yellow rows of the print head are necessarily offset by a few pixels to allow space for nozzle actuators, the colors are not read from the DRAM
simultaneously. However, there is plenty of time to read all of the data from the DRAM many times during the printing process. This capability is used to eliminate the need for FIFO's in the print head interface, thereby saving chip area. All three RGB image components can be read from the DRAM each time color data is required. This allows a color space converter to provide a more sophisticated conversion than a simple linear RGB to CMY
conversion.
Also, to allow two dimensional filtering of the image data without requiring line buffers, data is re-read from the DRAM array.
The address generator may also implement image effects in certain models of camera. For example, passport photos are generated by a manipulation of the read addresses to the DRAM.
Also, image framing effects (where the central image is reduced), image warps, and kaleidoscopic effects can all be generated by manipulating the read addresses of the DRAM.
While the address generator 211 may be implemented with substantial complexity if effects are built into the standard chip, the chip area required for the address generator is small, as it consists only of address counters and a moderate amount of random logic.
A color interpolator 214 converts the interleaved pattern of red, 2 x green, and blue pixels into RGB pixels. It consists of three 8 bit adders and associated registers. The divisions are by either 2 (for green) or 4 (for red and blue) so they can be implemented as fixed shifts in the output connections of the adders.
A convolver 215 is provided as a sharpening filter which applies a small concolution kernel (5 x 5) to the red, Green, and blue planes of the image. The convolution kernel for the green plane is different from that of the red and blue planes, as green has twice as many samples. The sharpening filter has five functions:
To improve the color interpolation from the linear interpolation provided by the color interpolator, to a close approximation of a sine interpolation.
To compensate for the image `softening' which occurs during digitization.
To adjust the image sharpness to match average consumer preferences, which are typically for the image to be slightly sharper than reality. As the single use camera is intended as a consumer product, and not a professional photographic product, the processing can match the most popular settings, rather than the most accurate.
To suppress the sharpening of high frequency (individual pixel) noise. The function is similar to the unsharp mask' process.

-16-To antialias Image Warping.
These functions are all combined into a single convolution matrix. As the pixel rate is low (less than I
Mpixel per second) the total number of multiplies required for the three color channels is 56 million multiplies per second. This can be provided by a single multiplier. Fifty bytes of coefficient ROM are also required.
A color ALU 113 combines the functions of color compensation and color space conversion into the one matrix multiplication, which is applied to every pixel of the frame. As with shapening, the color correction should match the most popular settings, rather than the most accurate.
A color compensation circuit of the color ALU provides compensation for the lighting of the photo. The vast majority of photographs are substantially improved by a simple color compensation, which independently normalizes the contrast and brightness of the three color components.
A color look up table (CLUT) 212 is provided for each color component. These are three separare 256 x 8 SRAM's, requiring a total of 6, 1 44 bits. The CLUTS are used as part of the color correction process. They are also used for color special effects, such as stochastically selected "wild color"
effects.
A color space conversion system of the color ALU converts from the RGB color space of the image sensor to the CMY color space of the printer. The simplest conversion is a l's complement of the RGB data. However, this simple conversion assumes perfect linearity of both color spaces, and perfect dye spectra for both the color filters of the image sensor, and the ink dyes. At the other extreme is a tri-linear interpolation of a sampled three dimensional arbitary transform table. This can effectively match any non-linearity or differences in either color space. Such a system is usually necessary to obtain good color space conversion when the print engine is a color electrophotographic However, since the non-linearity of a halftoned ink jet output is very small, a simpler system can be used. A
simple matrix multiply can provide excellent results. This required nine multiplies and six additions per contone pixel.
However, since the contone pixel rate is low (less than I Mpixel/sec) these operations can share a single multiplier and adder. The multiplier and adder are used in a color ALU which is shared with the color compensation function.
Digital halftoning can performed as a dispersed dot ordered dither using a stochastic optimized difer cell. A
halftone matrix ROM 116 is provided for storing dither cell coefficients. A
dither cell size of 32 x 32 is adequate to ensure that the cell repeat cycle is not visible. The three colors- cyan, magenta, and yellow - are all dithered using the same cell, to ensure maximum co-positioning of the ink dots. This minimizes `muddying' of the mid-tones which results from bleed of dyes from one dot to adjacent dots while still wet. The total ROM size required is 1 Kbyte, as the one ROM is shared by the halftoning units fopr each of the three colors.
The digital halftoning used is dispersed dot ordered dither with stochastic optimized dither matrix. While dithering does not produce an image quite as `sharp' as error diffusion, it does produce a more accurate image with fewer artifacts. The image sharpening produced by error diffusion is artificial, and less controllable and accurate than `unsharp mask' filtering performed in the contone domain. The high print resolution (1,600 dpi x 1.600 dpi) results in excellent quality when using a well formed stochastic dither matrix.
Digital halftoning is performed by a digital halftoning unit 217 using a simple comparison between the contone information from the DRAM 210 and the contents of the dither matrix 216. During the halftone process, the resolution of the image is changed from the 250 dpi of the captured contone image to the 1,600 dpi of the printed image. Each contone pixel is converted to an average of 40.96 halftone dots.

-17-The ICP incorporates an 16 bit microcontroller CPU core 219 to run the miscellaneous camera functions, such as reading the buttons, controlling the motor and solenoids, setting up the hardware, and authenticicating the refill station. The processing power required by the CPU is very modest, and a wide variety of processor cores can be used.
As the entire CPU program is run from a small ROM 220. Program compatibility between camera versions is not important, as no external programs are run. A 2 Mbit (256 Kbyte) program and data ROM 220 is included on chip.
Most of this ROM space is allocated to data for outline graphics and fonts for specialty cameras. The program requirements are minor. The single most complex task is the encrypted authentication of the refill station. The ROM
requires a single transistor per bit.
A flash memory 221 may be used to store a 128 bit authentication code. This provides higher security than storage of the authentication code in ROM, as reverse engineering can be made essentially impossible. The Flash memory is completely covered by the third level metal, making the data impossible to extract using scanning probe microscopes or electron beams. The authentication code is stored in the chip when manufactured. At least two other Flash bits are required for the authentication process: a bit which locks out reprogramming of the authentication code, and a bit which indicates that the camera has been refilled by an authentication refill station. The flash memory can also be used to store FPN correction data for the imaging array. Additionally, a phase locked loop rescaling parameter is stored is provided for scaling the clocking cycle to an appropriate correct time. The clock frequency does not require crystal accuracy since no date functions are provided. The eliminate the cost of a crystal, on an chip oscillator with a phase locked loop 124 is used. As the frequency of an on-chip oscillator is highly variable from chip to chip, the frequency ratio of the oscillator to the PLL is digitally trimmed curing initial testing. The value is stored in Flash memory 121. This allows the clock PLL to control the ink jet heater pulse width with sufficient accuracy.
A scratchpad SRAM is a small static RAM 222 with a 6T cell. The scratchpad provided temporary memory for the 16 bit CPU. 1024 bytes is adequate.
A print head interface 223 formats the data correctly for the print head. The print head interface also provides all of the timing signals required by the print head. These timing signals may vary depending upon temperature, the number of dots printed simultaneously, the print medium in the print roll, and the dye density of the ink in the print roll.
The following is a table of external connections to the print head interface.

Connection Function Pins DataBits(0-7) Independent serial data to the eight segments of the print head BitClock Main data clock for the print head I
ColorEnable(0-2) Independent enable signals for the CMY actuators, allowing different pulse times for 3 each color BankEnable(0-1) Allows either simultaneous or interleaved actuation of two banks of nozzles. This allow 2 two different print speed/power consumption tradeoffs NozzleSelect(0-4) Selects one of 32 banks of nozzles for simultaneous actuation 5 Para] lelXferClock Loads the parallel transfer register with the data from the shift registers 1 Total 20

-18-requires a single transistor per bit.
A Flash memory 221 may be used to store a 128 bit authentication code. This provides higher security than storage of the authentication code in ROM, as reverse engineering can be made essentially impossible. The Flash memory is completely covered by third level metal, making the data impossible to extract using scanning probe microscopes or electron beams. The authentication code is stored in the chip when manufactured. At least two other Flash bits are required for the authentication process: a bit which locks out reprogramming of the authentication code, and a bit which indicates that the camera has been fefilled by an authentication refill station. The Flash memory can also be used to store FPN correction data for the imaging array.
Additionally, a phase locked loop rescaling parameter is stored is provided for scaling the clocking cycle to an appropriate correct time. The clock frequency does not require crystal accuracy since no date functions are provided. To eliminate the cost of a crystal, an on chip oscillator with a phase locked loop 124 is used. As the frequency of an on-chip oscillator is highly variable from chip to chip, the frequency ratio of the oscillator to the PLL is digitally trimmed during initial testing. The value is stored in Flash memory 121. This allows the clock PLL to contol the ink-jet heater pulse width with sufficient accuracy.
A scratchpad SRAM is a small static RAM 222 with a 6T cell. The scratchpad provided temporary memory for the 16 bit CPU. 1024 bytes is adequate.
A print head interface 223 formats the data correctly for the printhead. The print head interface also provides all of the timing signals required by the print head. These timing signals may vary depending upon temperature, the number of dots printed simultaneously, the print medium in the print roll, and the dye density of the ink in the print roll.
The following is a table of external connections to the print head interface:

Connection Function Pins DataBits(O-7) Independent serial data to the eight segments of the print head BitClock Main data clock for the print head 1 ColorEnable(O-2) Independent enable signals for the CMY actuators, allowing different 3 pulse times for each color BankEnable(0-1) Allows either simultaneous or interleaved actuation of two banks of 2 nozzles. This allows two different print speed/power consumption tradeoffs NozzleSelect(0-4) Selects one of 32 banks of nozzles for simultaneous actuation 5 Paralle1XferClock Loads the parallel transfer register with the data from the shift register I
Total 20 The print head utilized is composed of eight identical segments, each 1.25cm long. There is no connection between the segments on the print head chip. Any connections required are made in the external TAB bonding film, which is double sided. The division into eight identical segments is to simplify lithography using wafer steppers. The segment width of 1.25 cm fits easily into a stepper field. As the print head chip is long and narrow (10 cm x 0.3 mm), the stepper field contains a single segment of 32 print head chips. The stepper field is therefore 1.25 cm x 1.6 cm an average of four complete print heads are patterned in each wafer step.

-19-never driven at the same time as the image sensor is used. This is to avoid voltage fluctuations and hot spots affecting the image quality. Further, the transistors are located as far away from the sensor as possible.
A standard JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) interface 228 is included in the ICP
for testing purposes and for interrogation by the refill station. Due to the complexity of the chip, a variety of testing techniques are required, including BIST (Built In Self Test) and functional block isolation. An overhead of 10% in chip area is assumed for chip testing circuitry for the ransom logic portions. The overhead for the large arrays the image sensor and the DRAM) is smaller.
The JTAG interface is also used for authentication of the refill station. This is included to ensure that the cameras are only refilled with quality paper and ink at a properly constructed refill station, thus preventing inferior quality refills from occuring. The camera must authenticate the refill station, rather than vice versa. The secure protocol is communicated to the refill station during the automated test procedure. Contact is made to four gold plated spots on the ICP/print head TAB by the refill station as the new ink is injected into the print head.
Fig. 16 illustrates rear view of the next step in the construction process whilst Fig. 17 illustrates a front camera view.
Turning now to Fig. 16, the assembly of the camera system proceeds via first assembling the ink supply mechanism 40. The flex PCB is interconnected with batteries only one 84 of which is shown, which are inserted in the middle portion of a print roll 85 which is wrapped around a plastic former 86. An end cap 89 is provided at the other end of the print roll 85 so as to fasten the print roll and batteries firmly to the ink supply mechanism.
The solenoid coil is interconnected (not shown) to interconnects 97, 98 (Fig.
8) which include leaf spring ends for interconnection with electrical contacts on the flex PCB so as to provide for electrical control of the solenoid.
Turning now to figs. 17 - 19 the next step in the construction process is the insertion of the relevant gear chains into the side of the camera chassis. Fig. 17 illustrates a front camera view, Fig. 18 illustrates a back side view and Fig. 19 also illustrates a back side view. The first gear chain comprising gear wheels 22, 23 are utilised for driving the guillotine blade with the gear wheel 23 engaging the gear wheel 65 of Fig. 8. The second gear chain comprising gear wheels 24, 25 and 26 engage one end of the print roller 61 of Fig. 8. As best indicated in Fig. 18, the gear wheels mate with corresponding buttons on the surface of the chassis with the gear wheel 26 being snap fitted into corresponding mating hole 27.
Next as illustrated in Fig. 20, the assembled plattern unit is then inserted between the print roll 85 and aluminium cutting blade 43.
Turning now to Fig. 21, by way of illumination, there is illustrated the electricity interactive components of the camera system. As noted previously, the components are based around a Flex PCB board and include a TAB film 58 which interconnects the printhead 102 with the image sensor and processing chip 51. Power is supplied by two AA
type batteries 83, 84 and a paper drive stepper motor 16 is provided in addition to a rotary guillotine motor 20.
An optical element 31 is provided for snapping into a top portion of the chassis 12. The optical element 31 includes portions defining an optical view finder 32, 33 which are slotted into mating portions 35 and 36 in view finder channel 37. Also provided in the optical element 31 is a lensing system 38 for magnification of the prints left number in addition to an optical pipe element 39 for piping light from the LED 5 for external display.
Turning next to Fig. 22, the assembled unit 90 is then inserted into a front outer case 91 which includes button 4 for activation of printouts.

-20-Turning now to Fig. 23, next, the unit 92 is provided with a snap-on back cover 93 which includes a slot 6 and copy print button 7. A wrapper label containing instructions and advertising (not shown) is then wrapped around the outer surface of the camera system and pinch clamped to the cover by means of a clamp strip 96 which can comprise a flexible plastic or rubber strip.
Subsequently, the preferred embodiment is ready for use as a one time use camera system that provides for instant output images on demand. It will be evident that the preferred embodiment further provides for a refillable camera system. A used camera can be collected and its outer plastic cases removed and recycled. A new paper roll and batteries can be added and the ink cartridge refilled. A series of automatic test routines can then be carried out to ensure that the printer is properly operational. Further, in order to ensure only authorised refills are conducted so as to enhance quality, routines in the on-chip program ROM can be executed such that the camera authenticates the refilling station using a secure protocol. Upon authentication, the camera can reset an internal paper count and an external case can be fitted on the camera system with a new outer label.
Subsequent packing and shipping can then take place.
It will be further readily evident to those skilled in the art that the program ROM can be modified so as to allow for a variety of digital processing routines. In addition to the digitally enhanced photographs optimised for mainstream consumer preferences, various other models can readily be provided through mere re-programming of the program ROM. For example, a sepia classic old fashion style output can be provided through a remapping of the colour mapping function. A further alternative is to provide for black and white outputs again through a suitable colour remapping algorithm. Minimumless colour can also be provided to add a touch of colour to black and white prints to produce the effect that was traditionally used to colourize black and white photos. Further, passport photo output can be provided through suitable address remappings within the address generators. Further, edge filters can be utilised as is known in the field of image processing to produce sketched art styles. Further, classic wedding borders and designs can be placed around an output image in addition to the provision of relevant clip arts. For example, a wedding style camera might be provided. Further, a panoramic mode can be provided so as to output the well known panoramic format of images. Further, a postcard style output can be provided through the printing of postcards including postage on the back of a print roll surface. Further, cliparts can be provided for special events such as Halloween, Christmas etc. Further, kleidoscopic effects can be provided through address remappings and wild colour effects can be provided through retrapping of the colour lookup table. Many other forms of special event cameras can be provided for example, cameras dedicated to the Olympics, movie tie-ins, advertising and other special events.
The operational mode of the camera can be programmed so that upon the depressing of the take photo a first image is sampled by the sensor array to determine irrelevant parameters. Next a second image is again captured which is utilised for the output. The captured image is then manipulated in accordance with any special requirements before being initially output on the paper roll. The LED light is then activated for a predetermined time during which the DRAM is refreshed so as to retain the image. If the print copy button is depressed during this predetermined time interval, a further copy of the photo is output. After the predetermined time interval where no use of the camera has occurred, the onboard CPU shuts down all power to the camera system until such time as the take button is again activated. In this way, substantial power savings can be realized.

-21-Ink Jet Printing A large number of new forms of ink jet printers have been developed to facilitate alternative ink jet technologies for the preferred embodiment. Various combinations of ink jet devices can be included in printer devices incorporated as part of the present invention. Australian Provisional Patent Applications relating to these ink jets:

-22-Australian US Patent/Patent Provisional Filing Date Title Application and Filing Number Date P08066 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJOI) 6,227,652 (July 10, 1998) P08072 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ02) 6,213,588 (July 10, 1998) P08040 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ03) 6,213,589 (July 10, 1998) P08071 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ04) 6,231,163 (July 10, 1998) P08047 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ05) 6,247,795 (July 10, 1998) P08035 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (1306) 6,394,581 (July 10, 1998) P08044 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ07) 6,244,691 (July 10, 1998) P08063 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ08) 6,257,704 (July 10, 1998) P08057 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ09) 6,416,168 (July 10, 1998) P08056 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ10) 6,220,694 (July 10, 1998) P08069 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ I1) 6,257,705 (July 10, 1998) P08049 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ 12) 6,247,794 (July 10, 1998) P08036 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ13) 6,234,610 (July 10, 1998) P08048 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ14) 6,247,793 (July 10, 1998) P08070 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ 15) 6,264,306 (July 10, 1998) P08067 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ16) 6,241,342 (July 10, 1998) P08001 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ 17) 6,247,792 (July 10, 1998) P08038 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ 18) 6,264,307 (July 10, 1998) P08033 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (13 19) 6,254,220 (July 10, 1998) P08002 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ20) 6,234,611 (July 10, 1998) P08068 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ21) 6,302,528 (July 10, 1998) P08062 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ22) 6,283,582 (July 10, 1998) P08034 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ23) 6,239,821 (July 10, 1998) P08039 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (1J24) 6,338,547 (July 10, 1998) P08041 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ25) 6,247,796 (July 10, 1998) P08004 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ26) 6,557,977 (July 10, 1998) P08037 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (1727) 6,390,603 (July 10, 1998) P08043 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (I128) 6,362,843 (July 10, 1998) P08042 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ29) 6,293,653 (July 10, 1998) P08064 15-Jul-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ30) 6,312,107 (July 10, 1998) P09389 23-Sep-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ31) 6,227,653 (July 10, 1998) P09391 23-Sep-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ32) 6,234,609 (July 10, 1998) PP0888 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ33) 6,238,040 (July 10, 1998) PP0891 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ34) 6,188,415 (July 10, 1998) PP0890 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ35) 6,227,654 (July 10, 1998) PP0873 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ36) 6,209,989 (July 10, 1998) PP0993 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (1J37) 6,247,791 (July 10, 1998) PP0890 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ38) 6,336,710 (July 10. 1998) PP1398 19-Jan-98 An Image Creation Method and Apparatus (1739) 6,217,153 (July 10, 1998)

-23 -PP2592 25-Mar-98 An Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ40) 6,416,167 (July 10, 1998) PP2593 25-Mar-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ41) 6,243,113 (July 10, 1998) PP3991 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ42) 6,283,581 (July 10, 1998) PP3987 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ43) 6,247,790 (July 10, 1998) PP3985 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ44) 6,260,953 (July 10, 1998) PP3983 9-Jun-98 Image Creation Method and Apparatus (IJ45) 6,267,469 (July 10, 1998) Ink Jet Manufacturine Further, the present application may utilize advanced semiconductor fabrication techniques in the construction of large arrays of ink jet printers. Suitable manufacturing techniques are described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications:

-24-Australian US Patent/Patent Provisional Filing Date Title Application and Number Filing Date P07935 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJMOI) 6,224,780 (July 10, 1998) P07936 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM02) 6,235,212 (July 10, 1998) P07937 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM03) 6,280,643 (July 10, 1998) P08061 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM04) 6,284,147 (July 10, 1998) P08054 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (1JM05) 6,214,244 (July 10, 1998) P08065 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM06) 6,071,750 (July 10, 1998) P08055 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM07) 6,267,905 (July 10, 1998) P08053 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM08) 6,251,298 (July 10, 1998) P08078 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM09) 6,258,285 (July 10, 1998) P07933 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM10) 6,225,138 (July 10, 1998) P07950 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM11) 6,241,904 (July 10, 1998) P07949 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM12) 6,299,786 (July 10, 1998) P08060 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM13) 09/113,124 (July 10, 1998) P08059 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM14) 6,231,773 (July 10, 1998) P08073 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM15) 6,190,931 (July 10, 1998) P08076 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM16) 6,248,249 (July 10, 1998) P08075 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJMI7) 6,290,862 (July 10, 1998) P08079 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM18) 6,241,906 (July 10, 1998) P08050 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM19) 6,565,762 (July 10, 1998) P08052 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM20) 6,241,905 (July 10, 1998) P07948 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM21) 6,451,216 (July 10, 1998) P07951 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM22) 6,231,772 (July 10, 1998)

-25-P08074 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM23) 6,274,056 (July 10, 1998) P07941 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM24) 6,290,861 (July 10, 1998) P08077 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM25) 6,248,248 (July 10, 1998) P08058 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM26) 6,306,671 (July 10, 1998) P08051 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM27) 6,331,258 (July 10, 1998) P08045 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM28) 6,110,754 (July 10, 1998) P07952 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM29) 6,294,101 (July 10, 1998) P08046 15-Jul-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM30) 6,416,679 (July 10, 1998) P08503 11-Aug-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM30a) 6,264,849 (July 10, 1998) P09390 23-Sep-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM3 1) 6,254,793 (July 10, 1998) P09392 23-Sep-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM32) 6,235,211 (July 10, 1998) PP0889 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM35) 6,235,211 (July 10, 1998) PP0887 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM36) 6,264,850 (July 10, 1998) PP0882 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (1JM37) 6,258,284 (July 10, 1998) PP0874 12-Dec-97 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM38) 6,258,284 (July 10, 1998) PP1396 19-Jan-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM39) 6,228,668 (July 10, 1998) PP2591 25-Mar-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM41) 6,180,427 (July 10, 1998) PP3989 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM40) 6,171,875 (July 10, 1998) PP3990 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM42) 6,267,904 (July 10, 1998) PP3986 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM43) 6,245,247 (July 10, 1998) PP3984 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM44) 6,245,247 (July 10, 1998) PP3982 9-Jun-98 A Method of Manufacture of an Image Creation Apparatus (IJM45) 6,231,148 (July 10, 1998)

-26-Fluid Supply Further, the present embodiment may utilize an ink delivery system to the ink jet head. Delivery systems relating to the supply of ink to a series of ink jet nozzles are described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications, the disclosure of:
Australian US Patent/Patent Application Provisional Filing Date Title and Filing Date Number P08003 15-Jul-97 Supply Method and Apparatus (F1) 6,350,023 (July 10, 1998) P08005 15-Jul-97 Supply Method and Apparatus (F2) 6,318,849 (July 10, 1998) MEMS Technolo¾y Further, the present application may utilize advanced semiconductor microelectrornechanical techniques in the construction of large arrays of ink jet printers. Suitable microelectromechanical techniques are described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications:

Australian US Patent/Patent Application Provisional Filing Date Title and Filing Date Number P08006 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS02) 6,087,638 (July 10, 1998) P08007 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS03) 09/113,093 (July 10, 1998) P08008 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS04) 6,340,222 (July 10, 1998) P08010 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS05) 6,041,600 (July 10, 1998) P08011 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS06) 6,299,300 (July 10, 1998) P07947 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS07) 6,067,797 (July 10, 1998) P07944 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS09) 6,286,935 (July 10, 1998) P07946 15-Jul-97 A device (MEMS 10) 6,044,646 (July 10, 1998) P09393 23-Sep-97 A Device and Method (MEMS11) 09/113,065 (July 10, 1998) PP0875 12-Dec-97 A Device (MEMS12) 09/113,078 (July 10, 1998) PP0894 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (MEMS13) 09/113,075 (July 10, 1998)

-27 -IR Technologies Further, the present application may include the utilization of a disposable camera system such as those described in,the following Australian provisional patent specifications:
Australian US Patent/Patent Application Provisional Filing Date Title and Filing Date Number PP0895 12-Dec-97 An Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,231,148 (July 10, 1998) (IROI ) PP0870 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR02) 09/113,106 (July 10, 1998) PP0869 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR04) 6,293,658 (July 10, 1998) PP0887 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,614,560 (July 10, 1998) (IR05) PP0885 12-Dec-97 An Image Production System (1R06) 6,238,033 (July 10, 1998) PP0884 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,312,070 (July 10, 1998) (IR 10) PP0886 12-Dec-97 Image Creation Method and Apparatus 6,238,111 (July 10, 1998) (IR12) PP0871 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR13) 09/113,086 (July 10, 1998) PP0876 12-Dec-97 An Image Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,094 (July 10, 1998) (IR 14) PP0877 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IRI 6) 6,378,970 (July 10, 1998 PP0878 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR17) 6,196,739 (July 10, 1998) PP0883 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IRI 9) 6,270,182 (July 10, 1998) PP0880 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR20) 6,152,619 (July 10, 1998) IPP0881 12-Dec-97 A Device and Method (IR21) 09/113,092 (July 10, 1998) DotCard Technologies Further, the present application may include the utilization of data distribution system such as that described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications incorporated:
Australian US Patent/Patent Application Provisional Filing Date Title and Filing Date Number PP2370 16-Mar-98 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/112,781 (July 10, 1998) (DotO l ) PP2371 16-Mar-98 Data Processing Method and Apparatus 09/113,052 (July 10, (Dot02) Artcam Technologies Futher, the present application may include the utilization of camera and data processing techniques such as an Artcam type device as described in the following Australian provisional patent specifications

-28-Australian US Patent/Patent Application Provisional Filing Date Title and Filing Date Number P07991 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ARTO1) 09/113,060 (July 10, 1998) P08505 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ARTOIa) Not filed P07988 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART02) 6,476,863 (July 10, 1998) P07993 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART03) 09/113,073 (July 10, 1998) P08012 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART05) 6,322,181 (July 10, 1998) P08017 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART06) 6,597,817 (July 10, 1998) P08014 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART07) 6,227,648 (July 10, 1998) P08025 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART08) 09/112,750 (July 10, 1998) P08032 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART09) 6,690,419 (July 10, 1998) P07999 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART 10) 09/112,743 (July 10, 1998) P07998 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ARTI 1) 09/112,742 (July 10, 1998) P08031 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART] 2) 09/112,741 (July 10, 1998) P08030 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ARTI3) 6,196,541 (July 10, 1998) P08498 l 1-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART14) Not filed P07997 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART] 5) 6,195,150 (July 10, 1998) P07979 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART 16) 6,362,868 (July 10, 1998) P08015 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ARTI7) 09/112,738 (July 10, 1998) P07978 15-Jul-97 Media Device (ART] 8) 09/113,067 (July 10, 1998) P07982 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART] 9) 6,431,669 (July 10, 1998 P07989 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART20) 6,362,869 (July 10, 1998 P08019 15-Jul-97 Media Processing Method and Apparatus (ART21) 6,472,052 (July 10, 1998 P07980 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART22) 6,356,715 (July 10, 1998) P07942 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART23) Not filed P08018 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART24) 09/112,777 (July 10, 1998) P07938 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART25) 6,636,216 (July 10, 1998) P08016 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART26) 6,366,693 (July 10, 1998) P08024 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART27) 6,329,990 (July 10, 1998) P07940 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART28) 09/113,072 (July 10, 1998) P07939 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART29) 6,459,495 (July 10, 1998) P08501 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART30) 6,137,500 (July 10, 1998) P08500 l l-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART3 1) 6,690,416 (July 10, 1998) P07987 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART32) 09/113,071 (July 10, 1998) P08022 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART33) 6,398,328 (July 10, 1998 P08497 l 1-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART34) 09/113,090 (July 10, 1998) P08029 15-Jul-97 Sensor Creation Method and Apparatus (ART36) Not filed P07985 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART37) Not filed P08020 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART38) 6,431,704 (July 10, 1998 P08023 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART39) 09/113,222 (July 10, 1998) P09395 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART4) 09/113,222 (July 10, 1998)

-29-P08021 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART40) Not filed P08504 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART42) 09/112,786 (July 10, 1998) P08000 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART43) 6,415,054 (July 10, 1998) P07977 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART44) 09/112,782 (July 10, 1998) P07934 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART45) 6,665,454 (July 10, 1998) P07990 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART46) 09/113,059 (July 10, 1998) P08499 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART47) 6,486,886 (July 10, 1998) P08502 11-Aug-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART48) 6,381,361 (July 10, 1998) P07981 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART50) 6,317,192 (July 10, 1998 P07986 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART51) 09/113,057 (July 10, 1998) P07983 15-Jul-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART52) 09/113,054 (July 10, 1998) P08026 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART53) 6,646,757 (July 10, 1998) P08027 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART54) 09/112,759 (July 10, 1998) P08028 15-Jul-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART56) 6,624,848 (July 10, 1998) P09394 23-Sep-97 Image Processing Method and Apparatus (ART57) 6,357,135 (July 10, 1998 P09396 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART58) 09/113,107 (July 10, 1998) P09397 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART59) 6,271,931 (July 10, 1998) P09398 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART60) 6,353,772 (July 10, 1998) P09399 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART61) 6,106,147 (July 10, 1998) P09400 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART62) 6,665,008 (July 10, 1998) P09401 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART63) 6,304,291 (July 10, 1998) P09402 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART64) 09/112,788 (July 10, 1998) P09403 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART65) 6,305,770 (July 10, 1998) P09405 23-Sep-97 Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART66) 6,289,262 (July 10, 1998) PP0959 16-Dec-97 A Data Processing Method and Apparatus (ART68) 6,315,200 (July 10, 1998) PP1397 19-Jan-98 A Media Device (ART69) 6,217,165 (July 10, 1998)

-30-Ink Jet Technologies The embodiments of the invention use an ink jet printer type device. Of course many different devices could be used. However presently popular ink jet printing technologies are unlikely to be suitable.
The most significant problem with thermal inkjet is power consumption. This is approximately 100 times that required for high speed, and stems from the energy-inefficient means of drop ejection. This involves the rapid boiling of water to produce a vapor bubble which expels the ink. Water has a very high heat capacity, and must be superheated in thermal inkjet applications. This leads to an efficiency of around 0.02%, from electricity input to drop momentum (and increased surface area) out.
The most significant problem with piezoelectric inkjet is size and cost.
Piezoelectric crystals have a very small deflection at reasonable drive voltages, and therefore require a large area for each nozzle. Also, each piezoelectric actuator must be connected to its drive circuit on a separate substrate.This is not a significant problem at the current limit of around 300 nozzles per print head, but is a major impediment to the fabrication of pagewidth print heads with 19,200 nozzles.
Ideally, the inkjet technologies used meet the stringent requirements of in-camera digital color printing and other high quality, high speed, low cost printing applications. To meet the requirements of digital photography, new inkjet technologies have been created. The target features include:
low power (less then 10 Watts) high resolution capability (1,600 dpi or more) photographic quality output low manufacturing cost small size (pagewidth times minimum cross section) high speed (<2 seconds per page).
All of these features can be met or exceeded by the inkjet systems described below with differing levels of difficulty. 45 different inkjet technologies have been developed by the Assignee to give a wide range of choices for high volume manufacture. These technologies form part of separate applications assigned to the present Assignee as set out in the table below.
The inkjet designs shown here are suitable for a wide range of digital printing systems, from battery powered one-time use digital cameras, through to desktop and network printers, and through to commercial printing systems For ease of manufacture using standard process equipment, the print head is designed to be a monolithic 0.5 micron CMOS chip with MEMS post processing. For color photographic applications, the print head is I00mm long, with a width which depends upon the inkjet type. The smallest print head designed is IJ38, which is 0.35 mm wide, giving a chip area of 35 square mm. The print heads each contain 19,200 nozzles plus data and control circuitry.
Ink is supplied to the back of the print head by injection molded plastic ink channels. The molding requires 50 micron features, which can be created using a lithographical micromachined insert in a standard injection molding tool. Ink flows through holes etched through the wafer to the nozzle chambers fabricated on the front surface of the wafer. The print head is connected to the camera circuitry by tape automated bonding.
Cross-Referenced Applications The following table is a guide to recently filed cross-referenced United States patent applications filed concurrently herewith and discussed hereinafter with the reference being utilized in subsequent tables when referring

-31-to a particular case. These applications have also been filed as Australian provisional patent applications (as mentioned in the aforementioned tables) having the corresponding reference number in their title:

Docket Reference: Title US Patent/Patent No. Application and Filing Date IJOI US IJOI Radiant Plunger Ink Jet Printer 6,227,652 (July 10, 1998) IJ02US IJ02 Electrostatic Ink Jet Printer 6,213,588 (July 10, 1998) IJ03US IJ03 Planar Thermoelastic Bend Actuator Ink Jet 6,213,589 (July 10, 1998) IJ04US IJ04 Stacked Electrostatic Ink Jet Printer 6,231,163 (July 10, 1998) IJ05US IJ05 Reverse Spring Lever Ink Jet Printer 6,247,795 (July 10, 1998) IJ06US 1J06 Paddle T e Ink Jet Printer 6,394,581 (July 10, 1998) IJ07US IJ07 Permanent Magnet Electromagnetic Ink Jet Printer 6,244,691 (July 10, 1998) IJ08US IJ08 Planar Swing Grill Electromagnetic Ink Jet Printer 6,257,704 (July 10, 1998) IJ09US IJ09 Pump Action Refill Ink Jet Printer 6,416 168 (July 10, 1998) Iii OUS IJ 10 Pulsed Magnetic Field Ink Jet Printer 6,220,694 (July 10, 1998) IJl l US Jill Two Plate Reverse Firing Electromagnetic Ink Jet Printer 6,257,705 (July 10, 1998) IJ 12US 012 Linear Stepper Actuator Ink Jet Printer 6,247,794 (July 10, 1998) IJ13US IJ13 Gear Driven Shutter Ink Jet Printer 6,234,610 (July 10, 1998) IJ14US IJ14 Tapered Magnetic Pole Electromagnetic Ink Jet Printer 6,247,793 (July 10, 1998) IJ15US IJ15 Linear Spring Electromagnetic Grill Ink Jet Printer 6,264,306 (July 10, 1998) IJ16US IJ16 Lorenz Diaphragm Electromagnetic Ink Jet Printer 6,241,342 (July 10, 1998) IJ17US IJ17 PTFE Surface Shooting Shuttered Oscillating Pressure Ink Jet 6,247,792 (July 10, 1998) Printer IJI 8US I118 Buckle Grip Oscillating Pressure Ink Jet Printer 6,264,307 (Jul 10, 1998) IJ19US IJ19 Shutter Based Ink Jet Printer 6,254,220 (July 10, 1998) IJ20US IJ20 Curling Calyx Thermoelastic Ink Jet Printer 6,234,611 (July 10, 1998) IJ2IUS IJ21 Thermal Actuated Ink Jet Printer 6,302 528 (July 10, 1998) IJ22US 1J22 Iris Motion Ink Jet Printer 6,283,582 (July 10, 1998) IJ23US IJ23 Direct Firing Thermal Bend Actuator Ink Jet Printer 6,239,821 (July 10, 1998) IJ24US IJ24 Conductive PTFE Ben Activator Vented Ink Jet Printer 6,338,547 (July 10, 1998) IJ25US IJ25 Ma etostrictive Ink Jet Printer 6,247,796 (Jul 10, 1998) IJ26US IJ26 Shape Memo Alloy Ink Jet Printer 6,557,977 (July 10, 1998) IJ27US IJ27 Buckle Plate Ink Jet Printer 6,390,603 (July 10, 1998) IJ28US 1J28 Thermal Elastic Rotary Impeller ink Jet Printer 6,362,843 (July 10, 1998) IJ29US IJ29 Thermoelastic Bend Actuator Ink Jet Printer 6,293,653 (July 10, 1998) IJ30US 1J30 Thermoelastic Bend Actuator Using PTFE and Corrugated 6,312,107 (July 10, 1998) Copper Ink Jet Printer IJ31 US 1.131 Bend Actuator Direct Ink Supply Ink Jet Printer 6,227,653 (July 10, 1998) IJ32US IJ32 A High Young's Modulus Thermoelastic Ink Jet Printer 6,234,609 (July 10, 1998) IJ33US IJ33 Thermally actuated slotted chamber wall ink 'et printer 6,238,040 (July 10, 1998) IJ34US 1J34 Ink Jet Printer having a thermal actuator comprising an external 6,188,415 (July 10, 1998) coiled spring

-32-IJ35US IJ35 Trough Container Ink Jet Printer 6,227,654 (July 10, 1998) IJ36US IJ36 Dual Chamber Single Vertical Actuator Ink Jet 6,209,989 (July 10, 1998) IJ37US IJ37 Dual Nozzle Single Horizontal Fulcrum Actuator Ink Jet 6,247,791 (July 10, 1998) 1J38US IJ38 Dual Nozzle Single Horizontal Actuator Ink Jet 6,336,710 (July 10, 1998) IJ39US IJ39 A single bend actuator cupped paddle ink jet printing device 6,217,153 (July 10, 1998) IJ40US IJ40 A thermally actuated ink jet printer having a series of thermal 6,416,167 (July 10, 1998) actuator units IJ41US 1J41 A thermally actuated ink jet printer including a tapered heater 6,243,113 (July 10, 1998) element IJ42US IJ42 Radial Back-Curling Thermoelastic Ink Jet 6,283,581 (July 10, 1998) IJ43US 1J43 Inverted Radial Back-Curling Thermoelastic Ink Jet 6,247,790 (July 10, 1998) IJ44US IJ44 Surface bend actuator vented ink supply ink jet printer 6,260,953 (July 10, 1998) IJ45US IJ45 Coil Acutuated Magnetic Plate Ink Jet Printer 6,267,469 (July 10, 1998) Tables of Drop-on-Demand Inkjets Eleven important characteristics of the fundamental operation of individual inkjet nozzles have been identified. These characteristics are largely orthogonal, and so can be elucidated as an eleven dimensional matrix.
Most of the eleven axes of this matrix include entries developed by the present assignee.
The following tables form the axes of an eleven dimensional table of inkjet types.
Actuator mechanism (18 types) Basic operation mode (7 types) Auxiliary mechanism (8 types) Actuator amplification or modification method (17 types) Actuator motion (19 types) Nozzle refill method (4 types) Method of restricting back-flow through inlet (10 types) Nozzle clearing method (9 types) Nozzle plate construction (9 types) Drop ejecton direction (5 types) Ink type (7 types) The complete eleven dimensional table represented by these axes contains 36.9 billion possible configurations of inkjet nozzle. While not all of the possible combinations result in a viable inkjet technology, many million configurations are viable. It is clearly impractical to elucidate all of the possible configurations. Instead, certain inkjet types have been investigated in detail. These are designated IJOI to IJ45 above.
Other inkjet configurations can readily be derived from these 45 examples by substituting alternative configurations along one or more of the 11 axes. Most of the IJOI to IJ45 examples can be made into inkjet print heads with characteristics superior to any currently available inkjet technology.
Where there are prior art examples known to the inventor, one or more of these examples are listed in the examples column of the tables below. The IJOI to IJ45 series are also listed in the examples column. In some cases, a

-33-printer may be listed more than once in the table, where is shares characteristics with more than one entry.
Suitable applications include: Home printers, Office network printers, Short run digital printers, Commercial print systems, Fabric printers, Pocket printers, InternetWWW printers, Video printers, Medical imaging, Wide format printers, Notebook PC printers, Fax machines, Industrial printing systems, Photocopiers, Photographic minilabs etc.
$ The information associated with the aforementioned 11 dimensional matrix are set out in the following tables.

N pG, oNON p N O

Q Q N
N=G.~ 00 .may C _~cd 0.p r~
C+. N C
iYO\C. cud c Vl E w X ~'O
c 1C7t 00 cn c W~
UD r- C) C C ~x~ 3> aUi n v YNet x co U N >, O c d 6) O 6) O

o v L n c h H ,U
U.O cd C .V L' O'er 0 6' ed _ 0 = L y L b0 O L ` Cl E- cUd y o v x .i, E
w LO 7 L t, cd cc : O
co L L, O N 4, .D cd C to h U
a) C a c `" E
o ;? i _o v > 2 'S
cz cc -W to U "D
Ll co d E U id '_ y i e=d =p U U U V U C 7 N U N 'O
L E N
a L _ Vs ~' 04n'3' a~ c L atect3 O -ES =L L N O =X L =C N a=+ O U
~= O U O E L 0= =L =L

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?~ O . c al cd o w Q ._ ._ a) o ea 3 a) 7 >C~~ .2 xxw v C H C CO
fl a t U
Cd O Q
M E E c 0n cts y' rn i h U f~i7 U G. L OL C C U
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L
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o E c co Lt ao 3 a~ 3 c co co E o o o -Q ~r~zwUO

o s ? s _ LO U
.U U
c < 3 v L
C's V
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V
C L C t N C ~. OD U U N C Q +- ,~
w co G
= w.O dD U U .N 4. 'i N E
a U a c c > t o O= N o bU -'L U N 4. N_ >, >> N^ id .O' N O H Z
cL -'5 D Q cad ' aXi [L- w a=i v Q `d cUd 2 < a) 4. a C) E =L
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7 N y N1 M

cwn 00 c, o c m cl, a`~i o _ csUO ov `a C U ~=" cd L M, .O =y C CO c 'h U
s ~ U o a~ ~ C a) a n y a~ C ~

U c n . U o an L b Q) C C C cC O T Uy i a co S q- tHU1Iflh11;
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fl C . W a) C O
p~ w p s o~ =a ,,., a s ~' on ~ a s E
^~= ao~nEo 0 M C U O N E a' C U y C N ".~ T~ _ib C_ O 7 o a G A U N O U n U C
e c a 3 -e - t~ w- b - 3 ~ L
E O C V.: U C' o .E C
0 ca O in ~b0 aa)i cc i C co ..a .]~wcC xW .a~w cn UJ ~, O Y N C
u =~ co a~ o w c> s c ro Cc u a O v, ,L h Q .V " n C C c0 O 4]
C L N
L v = O y .C N id .L+ O O O
p 3 ca ai co .8 0 a c`Q y c a c"v a3 s c L
cz r- - w aai 5 c,-a~ c E
i s o 3 o s c Eo ' O .E -o cd '~ .2 O O U a) ?) y ti - X h ici ca .=== Y
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IMu gyp-, CO
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t o a' ~' ;? a~ o=q E u o s M. 4]] c : a t O C .L CC =8 y Y V
C
a o n U U cc n U a v v d._ cc' E
Q

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ti -> ti 0o- n c 0 o o U
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fn U O N N> U` N y O L bq -Z O vi N > U m E
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y v a) c s = u s = a D s E E E E E E
M C ed O pp C ca O ao 7 R
U 4Lr cV" V1 U c cO c ) o c c a C. o = cTi =
U ap c.o .a U ap _ _o o.a U ap c.o o.o + . C N
3 Y ` 4 ? N L 3= N U ' N L $ G U U N

V, Co -Z c cu V) z a c z ..a~W~w w~wxw ..a~wxw co N N N
V E v u= ate) = V so cz co r_ c: r_ Z C, -In -0 c*
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co c " =~ a-ci C r an 3 J r .?) x a) w E f E U U U c .N ca a) >, C
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cl 00 00 h N C R
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c Q. CL
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U= o=>_ E alt E ` = o U'U 'v ti E C) >

-u 4: U C O p R v> > Q, o cUn 0. ~- N O O
CT a7 vi L ~n T,a) `n L rn .~ O E ._ =O W i .L.
E `' v E c o C) ai O E y ai ai a~i n K aXi 0 0 L= Q c c C c vs y E E 3 0 0 o cD. oa U a~ U RR U a~ U R._ a~ o 0 0 o G
u.~ ~U UU.~o.a U
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R C OD O

C O C C
vi C =n o. c v '~ v c C ;v CIS cz c E = E o=`~ U o 3 o L o 3 0 c E c, ~, M a = m !U:Ifl co I" o co 'CZ
c L
y . L w y U U G y V 1 U y fA; co c a~ a~ s L 3 U ;? X c U y L x U U
R N '~ O. ?~ C == N N N =L} U C O y tV = c C O T O 'C 'C R O~ t T O y R O N >, NO =~ N
~u. W x .]vDZ xW cnZ W U R
~? y O eC U C) O Q O
w s o 0 o v U U c c x =' > s' LG c wU=, U ti 'O y L U CO ~=' U
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CO cc L v 0 'C O i+ R y in N h N O N E C O dD C
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^ cn i 0 i X C U C U v. C C O -cc u CL Z 7 E O N .~ U O 'U C
y U U U
K' w' N U O ..C, 7 bD U N d O
E cC 0 Z GL m cC ... C S7 U E=' to > N t/

C C
C C O
O v C .u C w a+ d h L
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N N M N N MO
r t~ - vi 06 rl a r-^ N M M M N Net c\ O eh O et oc l~ N 00 N
O N N m m M N N et M O~ MC Ml~^ O\^ l~^

rn y ?D apt U 3 u~
CCd q = we c a co G N O 'O co ac T
O ,~,, C C i = 3 id C V .O =y 'm D O V E
C) O ti y O C C a rn N
CL C .~ cz u 'fl V i C cd U
R C E .i W U C 0. y c e Rs >, c E u ea id O 0. C '~' L C', c-cu cc cd G ..., 'v cd a oo o :: E c v U = to 0 Q) m o v 00 cc a a~ c 3 U~ 3 M ,oo w U a C4 - c.

E .~ 0 C2 .i c a a~~i L o a=Oi 'd ~ L
'~ o u Y C w 0 .~ o b 00 2 -5 Fn c: U--2 CL tz 0 M U C/) W S1 '~ Y ;~ L U ~.' OD
T 0 y = W = 'G G ro "v ._ y _a' p =y O
' o w =y ,o a Y cd a '~ o L' c t~ o L a~
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3 c V ~O c a o u w =- _ c a scoU c o aL i cd y cd U cy C t . _ I'- - 3 . _ a~ U E E ed w X U
vJ CA u x U w .i o. > C/D U) C C U rn rn ~. y C'- O a y O L2 6L U w dp'U cCd c) O = W ~, ~ ~ O . ~ U .J y N .Q _ y Cd y R d= U
u U O C E O C
> N U t C > N ^J
U O R >> cd R<
< 3 3 o O
3y~ x, W'~.~zca~o t to c c cUd cud z c u o E w c N c o_? y d c =p O Q C G Q C 4= =. C Q =- N M et fsl U
u L u R ee R
d d i Q
u p c u R R
d C pD y M, s u :r u vv V n O U >
0) y s a N L
y L = L V
o o .a c > z o .~ '~
of o ,72 >
o~ Uw-, = "a LSE b~ s v, W _ L ;~ a c T c a) U L '~ c N .. a co o E~'~ .5 u ' s a a CO E. o c c _ W c a y .D c E c. D o -o u -m c z co ao.o axi aU U U G U ro u Y a o E i c`o U ~ E
i _ s n c L c a > c = io E Sao õc" c c E cw o L' '^ c h _ 3.2 te E
i ._ = W nl N T wL+ C L y U L i =~. w> cd O ~' '~ U
v > c'a s~wLO asU E a~ c_ oc r a~ E s 3 g o a~ E ~'E os 'o > a~i 3 u' 3 M m op U o 3 axi > a i s E a0 E i E i Z z a~i ==
a tx a w a c~ ci a U0 F x~ E C v ~ co V o o a~.~ .~ ^
O h r- c+=~ tc L 4-r C) L L ct3 O N
N L 'ti Y U R 'm = co U b0 U = - C
= s C;j '7 n n cso = v o > c =E
U N y U O 3 'fl 'cd 'y O O C 7 c.,., 00 C
M L U cd to > c>o \ L U tF- a0 C U U 00 T L - y M C U C L 0 O c UC M O c cc a co s .~ M O ~- O a O N L O L U O
" oa CL a cz a 0 co cO h N V a y V] V y N 'O c+ - y c0 h V O N N .p j L .UO U U C C 7 >
r- E `o `o o cco c s ao v ~ E E s a c so_o La_u c 3 x> ~cn emu. u y, L
Ln O M
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[wi, cUNj 0 cd 0 C D. .C.. cc r- M N ca" w U C .U- 0 C
C 17 w a -U. p cC L cC ,C O .L+ .1 Co U a [a ~C .~ =C 'Z E =C p v' VI C y U r-~ L
A c, U c eco s :z T.=UL Oa O UH_O N."' U y 7 0 - L cLd i~
bD U O0 => a >' 'D h rOn a) Q >, C ~- C v' p U N U Q
S ~.C N~ N OD L ~C w~+ ~ R~~ O Cd c C L Q L
U V 'p C> ,C O T > co L E O Cd ,rO, T ,.] p O
a, Z to C U O C =~ p VJ a C i C Fr? .L.+ CC ._ > U C U V CIS
S a t E c o c c o`4 aEi 3 o G a) ci ca Q
_ V] a) ca L o4 O V HN+ _ U a)' 0 3 . c 4= c E = c 3 C c ^ = c E 3 a~ o os o o= U a~ E5 L a "~

O R .D `~'-. y C a C O eLo c O y in y C M cLC cC eo s .`+
a~n~~an co UUaU ho>c 3 Y 0 c c y O O L O x x c U 6) <C U F- L U U T
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00 NNMM't et Q.

C M [~ ~t M l~ ^ V"1 0~ M
N )- -. NNMMMif C=1 y W y _ C O G O a Q =^ U N D N O C et oo N p p U 0 0 N N M M M eh "b C
" .112 = .. = rte'. U U =-, y cC
CO L E
N v'i O v1 D\ M 1~ > N > N C
CC y U S z U
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cd C _. 4) C w 'i ~n CO p L w C O U v 'C v w a`i >'+ y 2 t p L E

C y C) .D cC X 't7 L L> U t~
m to m w co a o co 2 m Y g a p C _ c o a~ . a~
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i= o C C o a o L > N 3 C N U U i b U U L C) V1 .C O =~ d0 .O =vi C
CO U N > cd l_n O .fl C w > \ C) % CO Q'.t^' 4) .^ U C) C) .C p .a L 3 ='O t <'." cn 7 a E =^ n'O C uo C '~ 'fl N y .~"+ h CO c -E C C) o C o v, C a~ >= C C) v o L U C
Q s= C...0 E E CO v v E CO n .~ ~= L C C W

on O i U C) L C) G. .C U n. `
c tC C. C _- U =O. U cc "0 y y N U 'm aj =G. ^ y y L d V1 L p 4. U cC U y C >i y U U 0 y C A ,L_, C) a o U c C c o E cCi o C ie o C C) _ "p U C =L L cn C) CO C 'rn =` L rn C) CO C
> G U > v C C ` U Y N ` U O U y o ,E o >. f C c. s v .: a~ w t v ti d z a] U > E." > F-fl O =O C) L C) 'U t T C U 2-2 C a.~ G.c aUi O ~' N
aN E aUi~ ao p C C C
O .U > p G T O 'D t U N T O .~+
co "o ct a=i E .2-r E E o 2 =c 75 a~ c C -2 c:
=-U U cd +- O. op ` .r sr G. ~ ~ . - L
> .U.. C -Y L .Ui C Y E U
b"U cd p y =O .~ O' aLi p y c O
C 'h L L L w C "J W 3 C 'C 4i' by 0 y iC U G. cC .U.. N L a. cCC w N p C) L =L
O C o a~ ^ E
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Q R a L U
V) aLi t K c a.
p O 4 c w o Q `n '.O cC
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n c ti o_ G c = U s L t~/~ N L f~/. ~ N = G U
co 72 n U L
?__ n= C 0. O V n cd U
v . 2 0 0 ) co N c O= Cq N c ,9 = 6J N N U 0 V_ .~ O O = .~ O p y SG 'p O .` 0 U .V y aL+ O
u:5 c: ~xw ~xw cn C4 C U
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v C" u ca CL cu J F- r. Q F Q Q x W Z
N U .5.+ U O y 0 C
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U .O rn N= O O T p ti -= O
= nO0 0 O Y y O-= t a~ 3 E
= y O = U
h T tom. U w -~ n v w '~ 'L aa- _ '_ U

N a ca E n o -N L O= d 0 O t > =p =y L C ~C =
L o o s c L o E co 26 E 0) 0(0 c a~ Q o a 0) o 0 'd i~ = ca 'O y O= v~ G ~' cC O L cC

S E L i ,nj y cC `_C L O ~C Q= n O y,. _C.
O
d 0 C Z
G' =bD G Y
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c en r4 r4 c !` Q Q < .2 E 00 00 00 .2 oc V1 a ,V
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C U O~ O a' Q Vi a. R. Q. p, U vi D. C
-'` o W N W v c W a O L W v 0) - aoi O U O U L 0 U O a ~' .n y 'a a U 'a a 'a U U p N
~p 7 N M> c a o0 00 > c a > c Y > 0) c ye ~O+ a .C O =- N _ cC CC O ca cc C/~ 0 F^ a Q C/~ L F
a L U
U N i0). p~+=p- - i 3 N U C
E O .U o '~ O L Q.'p0 7 yUõ 0 .L+ .L+ b0 p a vOi w O eY0 E
p a =a O .C N N h ^
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a) C T w a U p c p y O .U O .a G aXi O
> ') ¾ is _. L N = ~ O T C Q. oo0 L
a n w c '~ a c c a) -se a) v a cqs Cc E P.
p p < ac U a1WU is y U y U
O U O Y L fn w L
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czs w a Oa U 'O U 0Oi wL, to p p L C C
N C N .N a. N ~ 3 O al T a 'L7 y O w Loo .2 w O p= L L i=, S C O y cn C
on Y > 0 co 00 [d = U 'i U by 7 U C 'C
CE L E U c U 7 y '3 U 6.. c3 a U p, a E
.2 w U U a 5-S 7) U
N r+ U L L c L N
Q rn~cn O F < iv `r3 5 yin a d to E - 0 4 by N ID U O L' id U
a L
to lu a.c p L E a c i'c a c `o- c E_ c a ed a or to vUi a) L ~ O 0.L U w c Vo a c o s = F- N 'C a Q a) u o c '~ c a c ' ~.s 0 2_Se tz o a-0 Ew .5 .2 p > y a) a) c U a) o o a arc - , :1 .*- _ a¾i 3 4 `^a o 0 7 2 =~ c> n .q s `- c c E c c .~ L' a 6. L c L' a y .O w- a s T cz OO c a w y 'C a) c O 0.) 0) -' L v c a - ` 2 > co r _C L a L
z a U U =O C C O -fl U L y >, L E a cLj U p cn r u4? ,E _U
=V cd w L - .C cC .o N U L a II' X a == +~=y rUn a U v, k W V
v. U =a U N U õp_, U N n' a O O a cd O v; p 0 U
cc:
Q A EL- c=a E E- E ctj 4L- c Lo V, E- n 3 cp Q .E a d m ~ e c >, o =E d e E
E oo o =
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y =C ~ a C C
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it would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims (5)

1. A camera system comprising:
an image sensor and processing device for sensing and processing an image;
a print media supply means provided for the storage of print media;
a print head for printing said sensed image on print media stored internally to said camera system;
said image sensor and processing device comprising a single integrated circuit chip including the following interconnected components;
a processing unit for controlling the operation of said camera system;
a program ROM utilized by said processing unit;
a CMOS pixel image sensor for sensing said image;
a memory store for storing images and associated program data;
a series of motor drive units each including motor drive transistors for the driving of external mechanical system of said camera system; and print head interface unit for driving said print head for printing of said sensed image.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said motor drive transistors are located along one peripheral edge of said integrated circuit and said CMOS pixel image sensor is located along an opposite edge of said integrated circuit.

3. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said image sensor and processing device further includes a halftoning unit for halftoning said sensed image into corresponding bi-level pixel elements for printing out by said print head.

4. A system as claimed in claim 3 wherein said halftoning unit implements a dither operation and includes a halftone matrix ROM utilized by said halftoning unit in performing said halftoning operation.

5. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said motor drive transistors are only operated whilst said image sensor is non-operational.