CA2445705A1 - Greenhouse gas emissions reduction sequestering of co2 utilizing pure o2 burn technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides for an improved method of greatly reduce NOX, NITROGEN, emission from flue gas streams and create a CO2 rich exhaust stream. In particular, The separator is designed to recapture the CO2 rich exhaust stream. The concentration Of CO2, which is typically 5-10% in standard combustion processes, is increased to over 91 % with much of the remainder being water and low levels of NOX, and SOX.
Since The Emission gases are recapture all remainder larger solids (water), are separate out, fall to the bottom of the separator and are transferred to a holding tank for further treatment.
The CO2 rich exhaust stream is (92% CO2, trace of NOX, SOX). The concentration of CO2 is so high, a standard mechanical refrigeration unit is all that is Required to further concentrate and capture industrial grade A CO2 liquid form. If the customer requires the CO2 in a gas form for Sequestration projects, then the process will required a booster that can boost the CO2, to a higher pressure into a pipe line for OIL
ENHANCED RECOVERY or COALBED METHANE RECOVERY or GREENHOUSES.

Description

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r.~ 1~. ~ 5.~~1 ~';~~~~~,~_i -y " " L..~ _~~~ ~ _ . . . JJ. ~ _ s._..W. . r.~ s _---~._- .__.., m_ ~~ ~ -----For fossil- Bred power plants, no additional emission clean -up equipment is requited on the back end of the plant, and any existing scrubbing equipment is now well over- sized and could accommodate a plant expansion without further " back - end " clean up cost. Perhaps the greatest benefit is the capturing and sequestering of N~X and ~~2, which are candidates for lucrative greenhouse gas Emission credits. In some case, the installation of a pure fl2 buy system may result tai a positive ;,ash flow for the client far application that were previously pure operating expenses.
ICnowiedge gained from our own in-house experimentation led to a new technology for combustion and burner systems for the ( ~XY- FiJEL ) combustion process conning very close to staichiometric conditions without ambient air. Although flame temperature exceeded 4,00 F, and reach as high as 5,300 f. The furnace process temperatures were maintained at the same levels as with conventional type of combustion without damage. The molten process temperature remained about 1.400 F, with ail wall temperatures about 1,800 F, and stack temperature about 1,000 F.
Compared to traditions! air-fossil f=uel, eqa,!ivalent product was produced with natural gas fuel reduction of up to 73% and a waste oil fuel usage reduction, up to 68%. For aluminum, 1,008 ~TLJl~,l3 was the average energy requirement, which improved to 750-900-btu/lb with continuous runs eliminating holding time. This compares to the prior experience with air fuel about 3,520 btullb which was experience for air fuel combustion.
s~lae capture and sequestration of ~Z32 esrissions from Fossil ii~el power planes and furnaces can be achieved via oxy-fuel combustion, which reduces or completely eliminates nitrogen from the feed gas to the combustion. Vdhich reduces ar completely eliminates nitrogen from feed gas to the combustor aPld llenCe produces a flue gas with C~2 concentration. A goal is to develop viable and optimal techniques for the design yr retrofit of fossil fuel power ptanES and YurnaceS in og-sier to recover C~2 foi- enhanced oil pecovery or coat bed methane projects as well as other industrial applications.
notable feature of ( CaGS~I ) fuel- oxygen tests is that the boiler tubes did not degrade despite significant increase in the flame temperature. ( sample ) a flame temperature of 5030 F
was calculated for a natural gas -oxygen mixture as compared to value of 350 F for a natural gas- alr yl~aixtur~. In order to understand why the boiler tubes did not melt with such high temperatures within the boiler, a simplified model was developed to predict the boiler tube temperatures.
~~ idealized model w-as developed of floe holler to ur~de~~siand the daminana physic of the beat trap sfer f: am t:he gas to the boiler tubes and subsequently to the two- phase water inside the tubes. The model was constructed as the sum of the radiation and convective heat transfers into boiler tubes balanced by the heat removed by the conduction through the tlabe and the boiling of the water within the tube.
~a he Beat transfer witi~in the boiler is complex. radiation and CailveCtIaFI
heat transfers dominate within the boiler. The heat transfer within the boiler is complicated by the geometry, which allows a surface to radiate to many other surfaces at different tempea~atures as well as to the gas 'chose temperature varies spatially through out the bailer. The idealized model was constructed of two separated by the combustion products.
~Gne piste was the r efractory material and the other was the tube surface. A
two - temperature model of the gas was employed. The gas next to the refractory plate was assigned the flame temperature. The gas next to the tube surface was assigned a temperature equal to the average temperature of the gas, which was defined .as the average of the flame temperature and a typical temperature ofthe flue gas.
l~~presentative values were used for nnaterial properties and heat transfer coets~cies,ts. The gas was assumed to be both absorbing and transmitting of radiation. Its radiative characteristics were characterized by both temperature. And composition depended emittance values that were corrected for the combined effects of both carbon dioxide and stream. The model resulted in coupled equations for the radiosities ofthe refractory and tube plates that were solved iteratively using assuyned values ofthe tube temperature until the radiative and convection heat transfers to the tubes equaled the heat transfer through the tubes.

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r - _ r\T ~ . ."., :,~ _t=',~ '.:_:-:"r S~I~~'~1~IENT t ~hn.~' A ht~"fEN $ IS'O~,'Orlff Greenhouse Csas Separation Systems lnc. ( C~GSSI ) Greenhouse Oas Emission reduction and sequestering of C02 utilizing pure 02 burn technology ale are pleased to offer our pure oxygen burn technology to greatly reduce NOX
emission from i~ue gas streams and create a C02 - rich exhaust stream. The C02 can be easily separated from the exhaust stream for direst C~2 sales or sequestered for C.02 credits. p'uel consumption from gas, oil, or coal-fired plants is substantially reduced, and minimal emission clean up equipment is required on the back end of a fossil fuel power plant. The process is not simply oxygen enrichment, but combustion =Kith pure 02 and essentially T~10 nitrogen, thereby reducing the NOX emission to very low levels. ( (iCSSI
)Technology advancement also included burner design and pLC- based burner controls. ~ ( CiCiSSi ) prototype Coal - fared plant has been already been operational for 3 years, find the technology is ripe for full- scale implementation at power generating facility. A coal - fired power plant emissions are f-I20, Ct)2,~2, 1V2, NO~C, 502, l~~'aON. Most combustion systems today utilize air for the source of 02 rrequired for combustion, typically with a small amount of excess air to ensua-e all fuel is burred. Current advances in technology are based on the additional of O2 to the fuels gas usually in the order of 25 ~5°/~
( oxygen - enrichment ) to create a hotter r'Iame, better fuel efficiency, and r educe N~X and S~:~ emissions.
E~11 these processes are limited, however, by the flame temperature so that furnace refractory material or steam heat exchangers in boiler use are not damaged by excessive heat, therefore the restrictions in the amount of oxygen used for enrichment.
'1'.7e process described herein is a revolutionary advancement in ( ~SSI ) combustion technology whereby pure oxygen and no air is used a~or combustion, and special burners and the products of ~;ombustion are used to cool the flue gas generated by this extremely hot process ( up to 3000 dec ~' ~ So that existing heat exchanger trabing is not affected and conventional refractory can be used.
i~OCtJIVLEIR1TS I~ESCIZi~INO ~T II't'~ ~LNTI0111 No air is used for Combustion, other Chart any possible air leaks into the system, so there is minimal nitrogen in the fuel gas stream. Since NOX is produced by reactions with nitrogen at high temperature, very little N03C is produced since there is almost no N2 available for this reaction to taken place. Energy now required to heat the nitrogen in the air is conserved in this process. In addition, less fuel is required because of the high temperature process, and fuel saving can tangs ii-orn 10~~o to over 5fl% depending on the nature of the combustion process. Sust as important, the by- products of this process have tremendous value as well. The concentration of C02, which is typically ~-lfl% in standard combustion processes, is increased to well over 90%, with much ~f the remainder being water and very low levels of NOX and SOX. Since fhe concentration of CO2 is so high, a standard mechanical refrigeration unit is all that is required to further concentrate and capture industrial grade CO2 that could be sold as a plant by-product. Capturing CO2 in standard flue streams would be extremely expensive and capital and energy intensive, but the pure ~2 system makes CO2 recovery both feasible and affordable.

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temperature. W d conipositioll depelided enlittance values that were col-rected for the combined effects of both carbon dioxide and stream. The model resulted in coupled equations for the radiosities of the refractory and tube plates that were solved iteratively using assumed values of the tube temperature until the radiative and convection heat transfers to the tubes equaled the heat transfer through the tubes.
he results showed that ih; tube temper atur a for natural gas - oxygen fired lloiler was higher than that of a natural gas - air fired boiler but not enough to damage the tubes. ( sample) The outer surface of the tubes was predicted to be 1520 F, FAR THE FUEL-~X~: BEN case when the gas :inside the boiler was at 5030 F
near the refractory plate and 2690 F next to the tubes. This compares to an outer tube temperature of 980 F
for the air fuel-air case, when the gas inside the boiler was 3540 F near the r~efractor~~ piste and 2030 ~ nexi to the tubes. Tlle temperature of the two- phase water was 340 F for both air bred and oxygen fired. Both used the same values for the parameters except for the gas emittances and the convective heat transfer coefficient-~'ne main contl-i6utor to keeping the tubes from matting is the effective overall heat z.~-ansfer coefficient associated with the do~l of the boiling water. Gas side convection plays a role in moderating tube temperatures although this effect is sensitive to the local gas temperature and flow rate of the gases. Since:
there is no nitrogen present, other than any possible air leaks into the system, no energy is consumed in heating ibis STVasied inelv gas, in fact, aiy Oow is drart~atic;aily ivduced to ab~ia~i a fo~srii~ or less of ai~~
systems, so there is virtually no nitrogen to oxidize to form l~IC~f. Less fuel is required because of the high-temperature pracess, and fuel savings described above are realized. Since the products of combustion are essentially C~2 and water, a standard mechanical industrial grade C~2 that ~.,ould be sold as a plant by-product. 1~'o additional elrlissioli clean ul~ equi~inel~t is required on the bacis- end of the plant other than particulate removal and any existing scrubbing equipment is How well over-sized and could accommodate a plant expansion without further hack-end clean -up cost.
fours truly Bert Cerel~ ie~
President ~c CEO
~:=reenllouse &~as Separation Systems lnc.
( ~SSI ) ~~: 1-403-782-095& 3'EL: 1-403-782-0956 albertggssi(c~shaw.ca 13f3% 901, Red Deer, ~.lberta,

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A Greenhouse gases separator apparatus comprising:

a) an inlet line, including a shut off valve, an outlet line b) a knock out tower for recapture the water c) a data header for recording all gas pressure d) a data header for recapturing samples for lab testing e) a data header for temperature recording f) separator working pressure 0 -285 psi g) separator has weirs h) separator is on a portable skid i) separator is insulation for winter operations