CA2343389C - Optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network - Google Patents
Optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network Download PDFInfo
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- CA2343389C CA2343389C CA002343389A CA2343389A CA2343389C CA 2343389 C CA2343389 C CA 2343389C CA 002343389 A CA002343389 A CA 002343389A CA 2343389 A CA2343389 A CA 2343389A CA 2343389 C CA2343389 C CA 2343389C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the optimized transmission of multimed ia services in mobile communications networks, notably mobile telephone network s. The invention relies on the fact that, unless the complexity of the transmission system is increased, the bit error rate of especially the air interface is considerabl y higher than that of comparable fixed connections. However, at least at the level of the air interface transmission methods can be optimized with regard to spectrum economy (transmission bandwidth) and transmission quality if specifically optimized transmission methods are used for the different application-specific data structures such as speech, synchronous data transmission, image transmission, data packet transmission or message transmission, as is, for example, specified in the GSM network in the form of services. Th e invention aims to provide a solution to the above transmission problems. To this end o ne device each is placed on either side of the transmission sections concerned. Said devices communicate with each other and divide an integrated multimedia data flow in to its application-specific data structures, transport the individual segments via transmission channels of the mobile telephone network which have been specially optimized for this particular purpose and then merge said segments to a transparent data flow which is identical to the original one.
Description
I
Optimizing Transmission Of Multimedia Services In A Mobile Communication Network The invention relates to a method for the optimized transmission of multimedia services in mobile communication networks wherein a data-structure-specific split-up and parallel transmission of a data stream is executed within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network. The network typically uses both a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit for complete or partial separation of the data stream.
Multimedia services refers to the application-oriented operation and electrical transmission of any applications selected by the user or combined, such as, for examples, speech, image or data. This definition relates to the user.
The technology used at the user end is not of importance in this case. However, in the literature the term multimedia is often used in combination with a specific transmission technology, a protocol technology or a special technology.
Accordingly, there are various parallel standardization activities of different interest groups.
The Internet is based on the routing protocol TCP/IP (lpv4) of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). There are numerous competitive methods (WWW, FTP, Chat, e-mail etc.) for the various applications. The standardization is to a large extent done by multinational software manufacturers and universities, which is evidenced by numerous derivatives, incompatibilities and company standards. Due to user-end implementation of software, the technically competent user (at least in the EDP/PC area) can produce updated compatibility of his equipment with new software releases.
On the other hand, videoconferencing in telecommunication networks is obligatory according to H.xxx standards (ETSI) (e.g. H.320 for 64 kbit/s ISDN transmission). In this case, the connection is established by the conventional digital dialing. The image codes (professional field) are generally integrated solutions (chips). The user does not have to be an EDP professional; operability and quality are guaranteed at the network end. However, contrary to the Internet, flexibility with respect to changes is less.
In addition, there are image-compression methods for digital-image transmission such as MPEG (ETSI) which was developed in particular with respect to image transport, storage and PC-based image processing. Competing solutions also abound in other application areas. Thus, the American manufacturer Sun Microsystems enables platform-independent direct exchange of program codes between Internet server and client with its "Java" products and thus the interactive operation of dynamic applications within the HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) language description in the WWW, while Microsoft , also an American manufacturer, describes how to combine its own Internet browser with the functionality of its own operating system (Microsoft Windows 98 ). Both methods are, in principle, expandable for multimedia applications. Furthermore, there are digital broadcast methods such as DVB, DAB, and video standards such as DVD
etc. which were developed and continue to be developed on different historical backgrounds with emphasis on different applications.
The protocol and transmission technology in its multimedia application should, in principle, not play a role for the user. In any event, a suitable technical device should ensure the operation of different applications and the combination of data flows, the source and channel coding as well as the protocol operation, and the data security at suitable data interfaces to the selected communication network. On this basis, the user should obtain the same result using different standards.
Optimizing Transmission Of Multimedia Services In A Mobile Communication Network The invention relates to a method for the optimized transmission of multimedia services in mobile communication networks wherein a data-structure-specific split-up and parallel transmission of a data stream is executed within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network. The network typically uses both a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit for complete or partial separation of the data stream.
Multimedia services refers to the application-oriented operation and electrical transmission of any applications selected by the user or combined, such as, for examples, speech, image or data. This definition relates to the user.
The technology used at the user end is not of importance in this case. However, in the literature the term multimedia is often used in combination with a specific transmission technology, a protocol technology or a special technology.
Accordingly, there are various parallel standardization activities of different interest groups.
The Internet is based on the routing protocol TCP/IP (lpv4) of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). There are numerous competitive methods (WWW, FTP, Chat, e-mail etc.) for the various applications. The standardization is to a large extent done by multinational software manufacturers and universities, which is evidenced by numerous derivatives, incompatibilities and company standards. Due to user-end implementation of software, the technically competent user (at least in the EDP/PC area) can produce updated compatibility of his equipment with new software releases.
On the other hand, videoconferencing in telecommunication networks is obligatory according to H.xxx standards (ETSI) (e.g. H.320 for 64 kbit/s ISDN transmission). In this case, the connection is established by the conventional digital dialing. The image codes (professional field) are generally integrated solutions (chips). The user does not have to be an EDP professional; operability and quality are guaranteed at the network end. However, contrary to the Internet, flexibility with respect to changes is less.
In addition, there are image-compression methods for digital-image transmission such as MPEG (ETSI) which was developed in particular with respect to image transport, storage and PC-based image processing. Competing solutions also abound in other application areas. Thus, the American manufacturer Sun Microsystems enables platform-independent direct exchange of program codes between Internet server and client with its "Java" products and thus the interactive operation of dynamic applications within the HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) language description in the WWW, while Microsoft , also an American manufacturer, describes how to combine its own Internet browser with the functionality of its own operating system (Microsoft Windows 98 ). Both methods are, in principle, expandable for multimedia applications. Furthermore, there are digital broadcast methods such as DVB, DAB, and video standards such as DVD
etc. which were developed and continue to be developed on different historical backgrounds with emphasis on different applications.
The protocol and transmission technology in its multimedia application should, in principle, not play a role for the user. In any event, a suitable technical device should ensure the operation of different applications and the combination of data flows, the source and channel coding as well as the protocol operation, and the data security at suitable data interfaces to the selected communication network. On this basis, the user should obtain the same result using different standards.
If one proceeds on the basis that the "normal" user usually uses, for economic reasons, a relatively narrow-band telecommunication network for his multimedia applications, different quality problems generally result nevertheless due to the small transmission bandwidth depending on the method selected; these problems will also not disappear in future.
From an economic point of view, every customer cannot be provided with any bandwidths desired with the corrresponding transmission infrastructure in the fixed network sector, which are only used for a very short average period. This is comparable in the mobile radio field. In this case also, the limited resource "frequency" sets an additional economic limit.
The existing multimedia services essentially come from two different fields of application. On the one hand, the telecommunications industry together with the network providers has long been occupied with videotelephony and multimedia services. This originated with high data rates in the scientific application field and has to date attained a relatively justifiable quality at a data-transmission rate of 64 kbit/s (transmitted by line) for private applications with average demand. The quality problem is generally seen to be at the network provider end. The customer expects better quality at the same transmission bandwidth using his normal ISDN-So main connection.
On the other hand, an integration of multimedia services, such as telephony and image transmission in the Internet field, has very poor quality at this point. However, in future, warrantable qualities also have been announced in this case also for the private user (see above). However, the expectation attitude with respect to quality is the reverse here. If the service does not cost anything, then a poor quality will be accepted by the user. Provider and customer primarily assume that the user can solve the quality problem with a high-quality telecommunication connection having larger data-transmission rates, and relies on the cost reducing effect of liberalization in the telecommunications market. Particularly, the user in the Local Area Network (LAN) field (with incomparable higher data rates) already can now see that IP-oriented applications can be operated with good quality if there is adequate bandwidth.
It has yet to be seen where the future will lead. Both methods, however, have one thing in common: when defining the coding and transmission methods, one generally proceeds on the basis of qualitatively high-value fixed connections having a bit-error rate of less than 10-6. In the mobile radio field, however, the error rate on the air interface is generally greater than 10-3. To obtain a comparable transmission quality on the air interface as in the fixed network, a considerably greater transmission expenditure must be carried out for preventive transmission security or selectively for a secure reconstruction of the transmitted data which, moreover, turns out quite differently for different applications from a technical point of view. For example, in the GSM network, an integrated forward-error correction FEC is used in the speech field in order to transmit speech error-free with as high a redundancy as possible, whereas, in data transmission, for example, among other things, the end-to-end security with the repeated transmission of error data blocks is common. A block repetition would result in considerable disturbances in speech or line-oriented image transmission, while a FEC data transmission would signify considerable waste of transmission capacity.
If all multimedia applications were coded in the mobile radio field and transmitted as per a bit error rate of less than 10-6, then the higher error rate of the air interface in the mobile radio operation would result in a considerable reduction of the remaining net channel capacity at the same gross channel capacity as in a comparable fixed network.
Therefore, for reasons of spectrum economy, various optimization methods (essentially, coding, securing and transmission methods) were defined for the various application emphases in the mobile radio field (GSM
specifications). The term "services" was created and the network was optimized with respect to speech, fax and a number of different data services. This resulted in an excellent quality of the individual services, however, due to the lengthy standardization and implementation processes as well as due to inflexible technical interfaces, this also resulted in a very low acceptance by GSM customers (only high-price sector) and in incompatibilities with the fast-moving EDP world as well as to complicated application scenarios.
A new service, the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) based on Internet protocol structures (IP), will relieve the situation for data applications in the GSM network, however, it is not a solution for multimedia applications with coded speech and image information in the data flow. The GPRS
users commonly share a low number of transmission channels in Slotted Aloha Random Access technology on the air interface, as a result of which a continuous data transmission rate cannot be guaranteed without an extensive and expensive resource reserve. The advantage lies therein that, in the main field of application "Internet access", the user can himself define and use his application (his "services") independent of the network.
Future networks, such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) under discussion, will presumably no longer have such a plurality of transmission services, but provide application-specific transmission channels (speech, synchronous data, asynchronous data, IP, various bit rates, etc.) and, in particular for the IP mode, larger bandwidths. The secure operation of a specific application together with its quality criteria is increasingly shifted from the network to the terminals, whereby the network merely provides the transmission path.
However, all of this does not change anything in the basic problem of quality on the air interface. Although the bit-error rate on the air interface can be reduced by suitable transmission methods of the entire multimedia flow, also, shift-free images and comprehensible speech can be transmitted by providing sufficient bandwidth and transmission channels, however, this waste of resources is neither optimal nor commercially justifiable for economic reasons.
An attempt to optimize a transmission of various services in a mobile communication network is disclosed in European Patent Publication 844,796. A data structure-specific division and parallel transmission of the existing data flow in accordance with existing and transmission channels of the communication network, optimized for the respective use, is carried out within the mobile communication network, whereby both a user-end function unit and a core network end, e.g.
function units allocated to the radio base station, are used for the complete or partial separation of the data flow.
The unit sending in each case signals the receiving unit by a special allocation bit that data flows of various types are to be sent, each of which is to be allocated a suitable, free transmission channel.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method on the basis of which an improved transmission of multimedia user-controlled applications can be realized within a mobile telecommunications network with as high a quality as possible of the various individual applications and simultaneous minimization of the required bandwidth on the air interface (spectrum economy).
The invention provides a method for optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network wherein a data-structure-specific split-up and parallel transmission of a present data stream is executed within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network. Both a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit are used for complete or partial separation of the data stream. In the method of the invention, depending on the direction of data flow, both the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit are capable of recognizing individual applications within the multimedia data streams by means of a suitable parameter, and of separating them, separately transmitting them, and recombining them accordingly.
In view of the fact that more bandwidth is available on the fixed connection backbone networks than on the air interface, both an optimal-frequency utilization and a considerable increase in quality can be obtained by this method, for example, compared with an integrated GPRS
transmission of all multimedia data with the need for a substantially greater bandwidth for this case.
A further advantage of this method lies therein that considerable infrastructure with correspondingly long development and installation times in comparison with a general enlargement of all bandwidths (with the additional frequency problems) can be saved by the parallel use of purpose-optimized, at least partially existing resources.
Based on the method of the invention, multimedia services may be realized substantially quicker and less expensively with a high quality standard.
The invention is particularly suited for optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile radiotelephone network, in particular where the core-network-side functional unit is a functional unit assigned to the radiotelephone network base station.
The parameter may be chosen from amongst indicators, descriptors, protocol variants and data analysis techniques. Preferably the data-structure-specific split-up is executed to make optimal use of a frequency resource when negotiating an air interface and to obtain optimal transmission quality for each individual application or for individual applications within each multimedia service application. Also preferably, following parallel optimized transmission, the data-stream split-up on a data-structure-specific basis is recombined in accordance with the original data stream in such a way that execution of the optimization method is transparent to the user.
In one embodiment at least application-specific elements of the data stream are optionally not completely recombined, but are forwarded at least partially as a separate data stream. Optionally they are conveyed within the mobile communication network or alternatively via different gateways to other telecommunication or data networks, to different distant points or, on an application-specific basis, to the same distant point or points.
Advantageously both the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit are, at least in their protocol-, conversion- and algorithm-specific components, software modules for microprocessors and/or signal processors. This permits demand-specific reloading of partial functionalities or of overall functionality via the mobile communication network so that adaptations to new methods and protocols can be made.
A connection may be provided between the network-side functional unit and a customer-care and billing system of the network operator, for charging for offered services as the need arises, and for creating and verifying an individual contractual basis upon user-side utilization.
Also advantageously the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit can communicate with each other to meet requirements for optimized data transmission via different transmission channels between the components, preferably by in-band signalling.
As an additional user service, the network-side functional unit optionally is capable of converting data streams present on the user side into other standardized multimedia or protocol formats, and forwarding these via suitable alternative,paths. Also, at least the network-side functional unit optionally has suitable routing and signalling mechanisms for conveying application- and/or data-structure-specific elements of multimedia data streams via different transmission networks.
Furthermore, by appropriate intervention, the network provider has the possibility of dynamically and optimally using his networks and thus having further savings potential in the infrastructure area compared to extensive increases in capacity of the various transmission channels which must be dimensioned in each case for the prognosticated communication burst during the main traffic hour.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network using a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit, the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit being capable of:
recognizing individual applications within the one or more multimedia data streams by means of a parameter;
separating the one or more multimedia data streams;
separately transmitting the separated one or more multimedia data streams, and recombining the separated one or more multimedia data streams, the method comprising:
executing a data-structure-specific split-up; and 9a executing parallel transmission of a present data stream within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network.
The invention now will be described with reference to the drawings which, in this case, merely show a possible embodimentusing a common GSM network in a schematic representation: Further fields of application and advantages of the invention can be seen with reference to these drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the method of the invention with an example of a GSM network.
Fig. 2 illustrates the transport path of the multimedia data.
Fig. 3 shows, as an example, a conventional method in speech and data transmission in a GSM network.
Referring to Fig. 3, access to the network for speech and data takes place via the mobile terminal (MT), whereby the mobile telephone usually already contains the required terminal adaptor (TA) for connection to a data terminal (PC). The further connection is made via the air interface to the base station (BTS, BSS). Service-specific optimized transmission protocols are driven on this path for the efficient utilization of the air interface. These protocols are converted in the transcoder and bit-rate adaption device (TRAU) into standardized ISDN protocols (64 kbit/s-A-Low for speech, V.110 with bit rate adaption for data). The mobile radio central office (MSC) is thereby to a great extent identical to an ISDN central office in the fixed network and, for its part, is connected with the home data bank (HLR) to fulfil the customer's mobility requirements. The network transition takes place via the network transition function (WF), transparently to the ISDN network, or via the analog modem to the PSTN network.
The future data transmission service GPRS takes place by means of the packet control unit (PCU) to the packet exchange node (GSSN) and via the packet gateway (GGSN) to the Internet. This connection is based on Internet protocol structure (IP).
The selection of the transmission channel on the air interface thereby depends firmly on the service used, as a result of which the further connection of line-provided services is defined by IWF or alternatively packet-provided services via GGSN. The service is selected dependent on the services in the terminals implemented in the network.
Multimedia applications may, in this example, either be operated via Internet access, whereby image, speech and data are jointly coded via GPRS, or alternatively via a line-provided data service (e.g. Bearer Service 26 with 9.6 kbit/s). However, neither is optimal. An IP connection to a private communications partner (Corporate Network) takes place in this scenario either on the Internet bypass or directly via the line exchange. A professional speech and data combination from the application can not be realized.
A corresponding application only via data transmission (see above) is possible as well as a speech connection that is built up in parallel, manually and in addition.
Accordingly, in a multimedia connection, the user must first decide whether he would like to use the speech channel, a line-provided or a packet-provided data service for his complete application.
A further service in the GSM environment is the High Speed Circuit Switched Data Mode (HSCSD). This mode of operation uses several coupled transmission channels for the data transmission on the air interface and is thus suitable, in principle, for applications with greater bandwidth, e.g.
image transmission in the streaming method. The use as Internet access by means of HSCSD mode can not be justified from the point of view of costs, since Internet applications already require burst-like transmission due to user behaviour and generate considerable overhead costs in line-provided systems. The integrated operation of a speech connection in this channel would also be an irresponsible waste of resources. Therefore, previous market studies show a very modest user acceptance for use of this service suitable for H-channel methods with its cost and resource structure of n x speech channel.
Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the method of the invention with an example of a GSM network. The schematically illustrated multimedia workplace (MW), e.g. a notebook with video camera and free speaking device, has in this connection essentially the software application (APS), the Application Programming Interface (API), the newly added Channel Access Client (CAC; here shown as a component of the Mobile Terminal MT) as well as the Terminal Adapter (TA;
also allocated to MT in this case) and the Mobile Terminal (MT). In this case, the latter is shown as a PC card.
However, the physical form of the MT can be as desired, e.g.
as a Handy or also as a PC card (PCMCIA card) for the convenient operation on the notebook, PC or Digital Personal Assistant (DPA), etc. It is here essential that the MT can activate and operate the transmissioin channels (in the mobile radio speech use "services") offered at the network end in parallel. The intelligent channel access and management unit (ICAMU) are added here at the core network end which consists of the functions TRAU and PCU, expanded by the functionality of the Intelligent Channel Management Unit (ICMU), for the visual illustration in the drawing.
The ICAMU assumes, as an essential new function, the automated allocation of the different application-optimized or data structure-oriented transmission channels of the air interfaces in preferably automatic interaction with the CAC
of the user (network provider-oriented, user-oriented, cost-oriented, resource-oriented, performance-oriented, quality-oriented, etc.) and conveys these into the appropriate networks (line-provided, packet-provided, etc.). This allocation takes place automatically, to the extent possible, from the application whereby the user should be able to optionally influence it manually and have the possibility of configuration. The optional possibility of influencing the channel allocation method should also be given at the network provider end, as a result of which a dynamic load distribution and use optimization is possible on the various transmission channels of the air interfaces, so as to in particular reduce the channel capacity of the complete infrastructure dimensioned for peak traffic times.
In the event that the network provider only provides and prices specific functionalities on a contractual basis, a corresponding interface is required between ICAMU and Customer Care and Billing System (CCBS).
In the example given, the ICAMU also assumes together with the CAC the analysis of existing multimedia data, or the protocol descriptors, service indicators, useful data, etc., for the purpose of separating and transmitting on various air interfaces, if no dedicated channel allocation is desired. Furthermore, there is the possibility of protocol conversion in the ICAMU from Internet and multimedia protocols (both ends) as well as the optional transmission of packet-oriented data (IP) via line-provided services (PSTN-, ISDN- or mobile terminated access) without it being necessary to bypass it via the Internet, as in the GPRS, and alternatively the transmission of line-provided services via air interfaces into the Internet.
Fig. 2 illustrates the transport path of the multimedia data. The multimedia data flow integrated between the users A and B is recognized in the components CAC and ICAMU with reference to, among other things, appropriate descriptors, indicators or by means of data analysing methods, divided into its transmission-oriented components, such as e.g. IP
packet data, short messages, speech and continuous image transmission, etc., transmitted for the respective type of application frequency and expense-oriented transmission channels (UK1-UK4) and then combined again on the opposite side for the original data flow. The parallel transmission thereby takes place transparently for the user.
In an alternative embodiment, the partial or complete maintenance of the parallel transmission in the ICAMU and the conveyance to various communication partners via various network transitions is possible or, if the communication partner or the telecommunication network in question has comparable devices, it is also possible to separately convey the multimedia data to the same communication partner (e.g.
an IP connection with integrated IP telephony, wherein the IP data is transmitted via the Internet and the speech connection is uncoupled automatically on the transmission path, transmitted parallel via fixed connection telephone networks and then combined again for the customer application). The various methods of course also include the communication between-users in the same mobile radio network.
The CAC is preferably implemented as software drive.while the ICMU generally represents a hardware device which can, however, be adapted at least in the protocol, conversion and algorithm-specific components in microprocessor or signal processing technology with software technology that can be subsequently loaded for the purpose of a flexible adaption to the quickly changing protocol world. As an additional use, this combination can make protocol changes from the IP
into the line-provided world and vice versa, etc., for the user and thus enable communication on various networks.
The description here applies as representative for any mobile radio networks desired with respectively optimized transmission procedures on e.g. the air interface for various applications (for example, speech, burst, streaming and message applications, or the like) on the example of structure and nomenclature of the GSM mobile radio network.
In an adequate procedure, the method according to the invention may be used in any mobile radio network desired or, if necessary, in fixed networks with comparable problems.
List of Abbreviations A Subscriber API Application Programmable Interface APS Application Software B Subscriber BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS, BSC) CAC Channel Access Client CCBS Customer Care and Billing System GGSN GPRS Gateway Support Node GSSN GPRS Switching Support Node GSSN GPRS Switching Support Node HLR Home Location Register ICAMU Intelligent Channel Access and Management Unit ICMU Intelligent Channel Management Unit ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network IWF Interworking Function MSC Mobile Switching Center MT Mobile Terminal MW Multimedia Workplace PC Personal Computer PCU Packet Control Unit PSTN Private Switching Telecommunication Network TA Terminal Adapter TRAU Transcoder/Rate Adaptor Unit UK Transmission Channel
From an economic point of view, every customer cannot be provided with any bandwidths desired with the corrresponding transmission infrastructure in the fixed network sector, which are only used for a very short average period. This is comparable in the mobile radio field. In this case also, the limited resource "frequency" sets an additional economic limit.
The existing multimedia services essentially come from two different fields of application. On the one hand, the telecommunications industry together with the network providers has long been occupied with videotelephony and multimedia services. This originated with high data rates in the scientific application field and has to date attained a relatively justifiable quality at a data-transmission rate of 64 kbit/s (transmitted by line) for private applications with average demand. The quality problem is generally seen to be at the network provider end. The customer expects better quality at the same transmission bandwidth using his normal ISDN-So main connection.
On the other hand, an integration of multimedia services, such as telephony and image transmission in the Internet field, has very poor quality at this point. However, in future, warrantable qualities also have been announced in this case also for the private user (see above). However, the expectation attitude with respect to quality is the reverse here. If the service does not cost anything, then a poor quality will be accepted by the user. Provider and customer primarily assume that the user can solve the quality problem with a high-quality telecommunication connection having larger data-transmission rates, and relies on the cost reducing effect of liberalization in the telecommunications market. Particularly, the user in the Local Area Network (LAN) field (with incomparable higher data rates) already can now see that IP-oriented applications can be operated with good quality if there is adequate bandwidth.
It has yet to be seen where the future will lead. Both methods, however, have one thing in common: when defining the coding and transmission methods, one generally proceeds on the basis of qualitatively high-value fixed connections having a bit-error rate of less than 10-6. In the mobile radio field, however, the error rate on the air interface is generally greater than 10-3. To obtain a comparable transmission quality on the air interface as in the fixed network, a considerably greater transmission expenditure must be carried out for preventive transmission security or selectively for a secure reconstruction of the transmitted data which, moreover, turns out quite differently for different applications from a technical point of view. For example, in the GSM network, an integrated forward-error correction FEC is used in the speech field in order to transmit speech error-free with as high a redundancy as possible, whereas, in data transmission, for example, among other things, the end-to-end security with the repeated transmission of error data blocks is common. A block repetition would result in considerable disturbances in speech or line-oriented image transmission, while a FEC data transmission would signify considerable waste of transmission capacity.
If all multimedia applications were coded in the mobile radio field and transmitted as per a bit error rate of less than 10-6, then the higher error rate of the air interface in the mobile radio operation would result in a considerable reduction of the remaining net channel capacity at the same gross channel capacity as in a comparable fixed network.
Therefore, for reasons of spectrum economy, various optimization methods (essentially, coding, securing and transmission methods) were defined for the various application emphases in the mobile radio field (GSM
specifications). The term "services" was created and the network was optimized with respect to speech, fax and a number of different data services. This resulted in an excellent quality of the individual services, however, due to the lengthy standardization and implementation processes as well as due to inflexible technical interfaces, this also resulted in a very low acceptance by GSM customers (only high-price sector) and in incompatibilities with the fast-moving EDP world as well as to complicated application scenarios.
A new service, the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) based on Internet protocol structures (IP), will relieve the situation for data applications in the GSM network, however, it is not a solution for multimedia applications with coded speech and image information in the data flow. The GPRS
users commonly share a low number of transmission channels in Slotted Aloha Random Access technology on the air interface, as a result of which a continuous data transmission rate cannot be guaranteed without an extensive and expensive resource reserve. The advantage lies therein that, in the main field of application "Internet access", the user can himself define and use his application (his "services") independent of the network.
Future networks, such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) under discussion, will presumably no longer have such a plurality of transmission services, but provide application-specific transmission channels (speech, synchronous data, asynchronous data, IP, various bit rates, etc.) and, in particular for the IP mode, larger bandwidths. The secure operation of a specific application together with its quality criteria is increasingly shifted from the network to the terminals, whereby the network merely provides the transmission path.
However, all of this does not change anything in the basic problem of quality on the air interface. Although the bit-error rate on the air interface can be reduced by suitable transmission methods of the entire multimedia flow, also, shift-free images and comprehensible speech can be transmitted by providing sufficient bandwidth and transmission channels, however, this waste of resources is neither optimal nor commercially justifiable for economic reasons.
An attempt to optimize a transmission of various services in a mobile communication network is disclosed in European Patent Publication 844,796. A data structure-specific division and parallel transmission of the existing data flow in accordance with existing and transmission channels of the communication network, optimized for the respective use, is carried out within the mobile communication network, whereby both a user-end function unit and a core network end, e.g.
function units allocated to the radio base station, are used for the complete or partial separation of the data flow.
The unit sending in each case signals the receiving unit by a special allocation bit that data flows of various types are to be sent, each of which is to be allocated a suitable, free transmission channel.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method on the basis of which an improved transmission of multimedia user-controlled applications can be realized within a mobile telecommunications network with as high a quality as possible of the various individual applications and simultaneous minimization of the required bandwidth on the air interface (spectrum economy).
The invention provides a method for optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network wherein a data-structure-specific split-up and parallel transmission of a present data stream is executed within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network. Both a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit are used for complete or partial separation of the data stream. In the method of the invention, depending on the direction of data flow, both the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit are capable of recognizing individual applications within the multimedia data streams by means of a suitable parameter, and of separating them, separately transmitting them, and recombining them accordingly.
In view of the fact that more bandwidth is available on the fixed connection backbone networks than on the air interface, both an optimal-frequency utilization and a considerable increase in quality can be obtained by this method, for example, compared with an integrated GPRS
transmission of all multimedia data with the need for a substantially greater bandwidth for this case.
A further advantage of this method lies therein that considerable infrastructure with correspondingly long development and installation times in comparison with a general enlargement of all bandwidths (with the additional frequency problems) can be saved by the parallel use of purpose-optimized, at least partially existing resources.
Based on the method of the invention, multimedia services may be realized substantially quicker and less expensively with a high quality standard.
The invention is particularly suited for optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile radiotelephone network, in particular where the core-network-side functional unit is a functional unit assigned to the radiotelephone network base station.
The parameter may be chosen from amongst indicators, descriptors, protocol variants and data analysis techniques. Preferably the data-structure-specific split-up is executed to make optimal use of a frequency resource when negotiating an air interface and to obtain optimal transmission quality for each individual application or for individual applications within each multimedia service application. Also preferably, following parallel optimized transmission, the data-stream split-up on a data-structure-specific basis is recombined in accordance with the original data stream in such a way that execution of the optimization method is transparent to the user.
In one embodiment at least application-specific elements of the data stream are optionally not completely recombined, but are forwarded at least partially as a separate data stream. Optionally they are conveyed within the mobile communication network or alternatively via different gateways to other telecommunication or data networks, to different distant points or, on an application-specific basis, to the same distant point or points.
Advantageously both the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit are, at least in their protocol-, conversion- and algorithm-specific components, software modules for microprocessors and/or signal processors. This permits demand-specific reloading of partial functionalities or of overall functionality via the mobile communication network so that adaptations to new methods and protocols can be made.
A connection may be provided between the network-side functional unit and a customer-care and billing system of the network operator, for charging for offered services as the need arises, and for creating and verifying an individual contractual basis upon user-side utilization.
Also advantageously the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit can communicate with each other to meet requirements for optimized data transmission via different transmission channels between the components, preferably by in-band signalling.
As an additional user service, the network-side functional unit optionally is capable of converting data streams present on the user side into other standardized multimedia or protocol formats, and forwarding these via suitable alternative,paths. Also, at least the network-side functional unit optionally has suitable routing and signalling mechanisms for conveying application- and/or data-structure-specific elements of multimedia data streams via different transmission networks.
Furthermore, by appropriate intervention, the network provider has the possibility of dynamically and optimally using his networks and thus having further savings potential in the infrastructure area compared to extensive increases in capacity of the various transmission channels which must be dimensioned in each case for the prognosticated communication burst during the main traffic hour.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network using a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit, the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit being capable of:
recognizing individual applications within the one or more multimedia data streams by means of a parameter;
separating the one or more multimedia data streams;
separately transmitting the separated one or more multimedia data streams, and recombining the separated one or more multimedia data streams, the method comprising:
executing a data-structure-specific split-up; and 9a executing parallel transmission of a present data stream within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network.
The invention now will be described with reference to the drawings which, in this case, merely show a possible embodimentusing a common GSM network in a schematic representation: Further fields of application and advantages of the invention can be seen with reference to these drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the method of the invention with an example of a GSM network.
Fig. 2 illustrates the transport path of the multimedia data.
Fig. 3 shows, as an example, a conventional method in speech and data transmission in a GSM network.
Referring to Fig. 3, access to the network for speech and data takes place via the mobile terminal (MT), whereby the mobile telephone usually already contains the required terminal adaptor (TA) for connection to a data terminal (PC). The further connection is made via the air interface to the base station (BTS, BSS). Service-specific optimized transmission protocols are driven on this path for the efficient utilization of the air interface. These protocols are converted in the transcoder and bit-rate adaption device (TRAU) into standardized ISDN protocols (64 kbit/s-A-Low for speech, V.110 with bit rate adaption for data). The mobile radio central office (MSC) is thereby to a great extent identical to an ISDN central office in the fixed network and, for its part, is connected with the home data bank (HLR) to fulfil the customer's mobility requirements. The network transition takes place via the network transition function (WF), transparently to the ISDN network, or via the analog modem to the PSTN network.
The future data transmission service GPRS takes place by means of the packet control unit (PCU) to the packet exchange node (GSSN) and via the packet gateway (GGSN) to the Internet. This connection is based on Internet protocol structure (IP).
The selection of the transmission channel on the air interface thereby depends firmly on the service used, as a result of which the further connection of line-provided services is defined by IWF or alternatively packet-provided services via GGSN. The service is selected dependent on the services in the terminals implemented in the network.
Multimedia applications may, in this example, either be operated via Internet access, whereby image, speech and data are jointly coded via GPRS, or alternatively via a line-provided data service (e.g. Bearer Service 26 with 9.6 kbit/s). However, neither is optimal. An IP connection to a private communications partner (Corporate Network) takes place in this scenario either on the Internet bypass or directly via the line exchange. A professional speech and data combination from the application can not be realized.
A corresponding application only via data transmission (see above) is possible as well as a speech connection that is built up in parallel, manually and in addition.
Accordingly, in a multimedia connection, the user must first decide whether he would like to use the speech channel, a line-provided or a packet-provided data service for his complete application.
A further service in the GSM environment is the High Speed Circuit Switched Data Mode (HSCSD). This mode of operation uses several coupled transmission channels for the data transmission on the air interface and is thus suitable, in principle, for applications with greater bandwidth, e.g.
image transmission in the streaming method. The use as Internet access by means of HSCSD mode can not be justified from the point of view of costs, since Internet applications already require burst-like transmission due to user behaviour and generate considerable overhead costs in line-provided systems. The integrated operation of a speech connection in this channel would also be an irresponsible waste of resources. Therefore, previous market studies show a very modest user acceptance for use of this service suitable for H-channel methods with its cost and resource structure of n x speech channel.
Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the method of the invention with an example of a GSM network. The schematically illustrated multimedia workplace (MW), e.g. a notebook with video camera and free speaking device, has in this connection essentially the software application (APS), the Application Programming Interface (API), the newly added Channel Access Client (CAC; here shown as a component of the Mobile Terminal MT) as well as the Terminal Adapter (TA;
also allocated to MT in this case) and the Mobile Terminal (MT). In this case, the latter is shown as a PC card.
However, the physical form of the MT can be as desired, e.g.
as a Handy or also as a PC card (PCMCIA card) for the convenient operation on the notebook, PC or Digital Personal Assistant (DPA), etc. It is here essential that the MT can activate and operate the transmissioin channels (in the mobile radio speech use "services") offered at the network end in parallel. The intelligent channel access and management unit (ICAMU) are added here at the core network end which consists of the functions TRAU and PCU, expanded by the functionality of the Intelligent Channel Management Unit (ICMU), for the visual illustration in the drawing.
The ICAMU assumes, as an essential new function, the automated allocation of the different application-optimized or data structure-oriented transmission channels of the air interfaces in preferably automatic interaction with the CAC
of the user (network provider-oriented, user-oriented, cost-oriented, resource-oriented, performance-oriented, quality-oriented, etc.) and conveys these into the appropriate networks (line-provided, packet-provided, etc.). This allocation takes place automatically, to the extent possible, from the application whereby the user should be able to optionally influence it manually and have the possibility of configuration. The optional possibility of influencing the channel allocation method should also be given at the network provider end, as a result of which a dynamic load distribution and use optimization is possible on the various transmission channels of the air interfaces, so as to in particular reduce the channel capacity of the complete infrastructure dimensioned for peak traffic times.
In the event that the network provider only provides and prices specific functionalities on a contractual basis, a corresponding interface is required between ICAMU and Customer Care and Billing System (CCBS).
In the example given, the ICAMU also assumes together with the CAC the analysis of existing multimedia data, or the protocol descriptors, service indicators, useful data, etc., for the purpose of separating and transmitting on various air interfaces, if no dedicated channel allocation is desired. Furthermore, there is the possibility of protocol conversion in the ICAMU from Internet and multimedia protocols (both ends) as well as the optional transmission of packet-oriented data (IP) via line-provided services (PSTN-, ISDN- or mobile terminated access) without it being necessary to bypass it via the Internet, as in the GPRS, and alternatively the transmission of line-provided services via air interfaces into the Internet.
Fig. 2 illustrates the transport path of the multimedia data. The multimedia data flow integrated between the users A and B is recognized in the components CAC and ICAMU with reference to, among other things, appropriate descriptors, indicators or by means of data analysing methods, divided into its transmission-oriented components, such as e.g. IP
packet data, short messages, speech and continuous image transmission, etc., transmitted for the respective type of application frequency and expense-oriented transmission channels (UK1-UK4) and then combined again on the opposite side for the original data flow. The parallel transmission thereby takes place transparently for the user.
In an alternative embodiment, the partial or complete maintenance of the parallel transmission in the ICAMU and the conveyance to various communication partners via various network transitions is possible or, if the communication partner or the telecommunication network in question has comparable devices, it is also possible to separately convey the multimedia data to the same communication partner (e.g.
an IP connection with integrated IP telephony, wherein the IP data is transmitted via the Internet and the speech connection is uncoupled automatically on the transmission path, transmitted parallel via fixed connection telephone networks and then combined again for the customer application). The various methods of course also include the communication between-users in the same mobile radio network.
The CAC is preferably implemented as software drive.while the ICMU generally represents a hardware device which can, however, be adapted at least in the protocol, conversion and algorithm-specific components in microprocessor or signal processing technology with software technology that can be subsequently loaded for the purpose of a flexible adaption to the quickly changing protocol world. As an additional use, this combination can make protocol changes from the IP
into the line-provided world and vice versa, etc., for the user and thus enable communication on various networks.
The description here applies as representative for any mobile radio networks desired with respectively optimized transmission procedures on e.g. the air interface for various applications (for example, speech, burst, streaming and message applications, or the like) on the example of structure and nomenclature of the GSM mobile radio network.
In an adequate procedure, the method according to the invention may be used in any mobile radio network desired or, if necessary, in fixed networks with comparable problems.
List of Abbreviations A Subscriber API Application Programmable Interface APS Application Software B Subscriber BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS, BSC) CAC Channel Access Client CCBS Customer Care and Billing System GGSN GPRS Gateway Support Node GSSN GPRS Switching Support Node GSSN GPRS Switching Support Node HLR Home Location Register ICAMU Intelligent Channel Access and Management Unit ICMU Intelligent Channel Management Unit ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network IWF Interworking Function MSC Mobile Switching Center MT Mobile Terminal MW Multimedia Workplace PC Personal Computer PCU Packet Control Unit PSTN Private Switching Telecommunication Network TA Terminal Adapter TRAU Transcoder/Rate Adaptor Unit UK Transmission Channel
Claims (17)
1. A method of optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile communication network using a user-side functional unit and a core-network-side functional unit, the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit being capable of:
recognizing individual applications within the one or more multimedia data streams by means of a parameter;
separating the one or more multimedia data streams;
separately transmitting the separated one or more multimedia data streams, and recombining the separated one or more multimedia data streams, the method comprising:
executing a data-structure-specific split-up; and executing parallel transmission of a present data stream within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network.
recognizing individual applications within the one or more multimedia data streams by means of a parameter;
separating the one or more multimedia data streams;
separately transmitting the separated one or more multimedia data streams, and recombining the separated one or more multimedia data streams, the method comprising:
executing a data-structure-specific split-up; and executing parallel transmission of a present data stream within the mobile communication network in accordance with existing purpose-optimized transmission channels of the communication network.
2. A method as defined in claim 1, for optimizing transmission of multimedia services in a mobile radiotelephone network.
3. A method as defined in claim 2, in which the core-network-side functional unit is a functional unit assigned to the radiotelephone network base station.
4. A method as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the parameter comprises indicators, descriptors, protocol variants or data analysis techniques.
5. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the data-structure-specific split-up is executed to make optimal use of a frequency resource when negotiating an air interface and to obtain optimal transmission quality for each individual application or for individual applications within each multimedia service application.
6. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which, following parallel optimized transmission, the data-stream split-up on a data-structure-specific basis is recombined in accordance with the original data stream in such a way that execution of the optimization method is transparent to the user.
7. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which at least application-specific elements of the data stream are optionally not completely recombined, but are forwarded at least partially as a separate data stream and optionally are conveyed within the mobile communication network or alternatively via different gateways to other telecommunication or data networks, to different distant points or, on an application-specific basis, to the same distant point or points.
8. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, in which both the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit are, at least in their protocol-specific, conversion-specific and algorithm-specific components, software modules for microprocessors and/or signal processors to enable demand-specific reloading of partial functionalities or of overall functionality via the mobile communication network so that adaptations to new methods and protocols can be made.
9. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, in which a connection exists between the network-side functional unit and a customer-care and billing system of the network operator, for charging for offered services as the need arises and for creating and verifying an individual contractual basis upon user-side utilization.
10. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit communicate with each other to meet requirements for optimized data transmission via different transmission channels between the components.
11. A method according to claim 10, in which the user-side functional unit and the network-side functional unit communicate with each other by in-band signalling.
12. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, in which, as an additional user service, the network-side functional unit optionally is capable of converting data streams present on the user side into other standardized multimedia or protocol formats, and forwarding these via suitable alternative paths.
13. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, in which at least the network-side functional unit optionally has suitable routing and signalling mechanisms for conveying application-specific and/or data-structure-specific elements of multimedia data streams via different transmission networks.
14. The method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, used for an analogous application in a Private Switching Telecommunication Network (PSTN).
15. The method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14, used for dynamic load-distribution and loading-optimization of different transmission channels and/or of different line networks, through corresponding network-operator-side intervention in channel-allocation mechanisms.
16. The method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, which through corresponding user-side intervention provides facilities for individual customer choices and decisions regarding its characteristics.
17. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the characteristics include transfer rate, services used, priorities, quality-of-service and costs.
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| DE19841531A DE19841531B4 (en) | 1998-09-10 | 1998-09-10 | Method for the optimized transmission of multimedia services in mobile communication networks (mobile radio networks) |
| PCT/DE1999/002843 WO2000016569A2 (en) | 1998-09-10 | 1999-09-08 | Method for the optimized transmission of multimedia services via mobile communications networks (mobile telephone networks) |
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| DE10058614B4 (en) * | 2000-11-25 | 2015-07-23 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Communicator system with Centrex functionality |
| NL1017870C2 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-25 | Marc Van Oldenborgh | Method for inverse multiplexing. |
| NL1018463C2 (en) | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-08 | Marc Van Oldenborgh | Method, layout and software for digitally inverse multiplexing. |
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| JPH09107344A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-04-22 | N T T Ido Tsushinmo Kk | Simultaneous transmission method and device for voice signal/non-voice signal |
| FI102232B1 (en) * | 1996-01-15 | 1998-10-30 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | packet radio networks |
| DE19605223A1 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-14 | Sel Alcatel Ag | Method for operating a broadband connection between a mobile radio terminal and a network-side mobile radio device and a mobile radio terminal, network-side mobile radio device and mobile radio system |
| FI103462B1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 1999-06-30 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | High speed data transmission in mobile telephone networks |
| GB9611146D0 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1996-07-31 | Philips Electronics Nv | Method of, and system for, transmitting messages |
| SE510664C2 (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1999-06-14 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Methods and apparatus for message management in a communication system |
| JP3444114B2 (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 2003-09-08 | ソニー株式会社 | Communication method, base station and terminal device |
| US5898668A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1999-04-27 | Siemens Information And Communication Networks, Inc. | Method and system for increasing quality of service at or below a threshold cost |
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