CA2327384A1 - Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for gas engine - Google Patents
Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for gas engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2327384A1 CA2327384A1 CA002327384A CA2327384A CA2327384A1 CA 2327384 A1 CA2327384 A1 CA 2327384A1 CA 002327384 A CA002327384 A CA 002327384A CA 2327384 A CA2327384 A CA 2327384A CA 2327384 A1 CA2327384 A1 CA 2327384A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- amount
- terms
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 alkaline earth metal salicylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- LMODBLQHQHXPEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylcarbamothioylsulfanylmethyl n,n-dibutylcarbamodithioate Chemical group CCCCN(CCCC)C(=S)SCSC(=S)N(CCCC)CCCC LMODBLQHQHXPEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 31
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;diphenoxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(SC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 YFHKLSPMRRWLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKLRVTKRKFEVQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-[(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 RKLRVTKRKFEVQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GONPAIMDIMMKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-carboxy-4-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]sulfanyl-2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]butanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC(CCSCCC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)=C1 GONPAIMDIMMKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007065 Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N P,P-Dioctyldiphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)C=C1 QAPVYZRWKDXNDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S Chemical compound [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006388 chemical passivation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PGAXJQVAHDTGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylcarbamothioylsulfanyl n,n-dibutylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CCCC)CCCC PGAXJQVAHDTGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKOUMIFWHSIIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylcarbamothioylsulfanyl n,n-dioctylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC HKOUMIFWHSIIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDKVJYLPNIUCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentylcarbamothioylsulfanyl n,n-dipentylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CCCCCN(CCCCC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CCCCC)CCCCC HDKVJYLPNIUCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M129/54—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly gas engines utilizing gaseous fuel, such as natural gas or liquid propane gas. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines.
Description
LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION FOR GAS ENGINES
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly for gas engines using gaseous fuel such as natural gas or liquid propane gas. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electric generators and co-generation systems are widely utilized in retail stores or shops and small-scale factories. A variety of engine systems for in-house electric generators and co-generation systems may be utilized. In particular, gas engines using gaseous fuel such as natural gas or liquid propane gas (LPG) are widely used because gas engines produce low noise and low atmospheric pollution.
Generally, gas engines are designed to burn gaseous fuel at a temperature higher than that used in other internal combustion engines. Furthermore, gas engines have a small-size oil pan. Therefore, gas engines are apt to generate an increased amount of nitrogen oxides (NOX), and engine oils employed in gas engines are apt to deteriorate in a relatively short period of time. For these reasons, gas engine lubricating oils need high detergency at elevated temperatures and also oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
It is further noted that gas engines are generally used continuously for long periods of time before oil changes occur.
It is known that detergency of engine oils at elevated temperatures can be increased by utilizing a metal-containing detergent such as calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate, or calcium salicylate. It is also known that the oxidation stability of engine oil not only at elevated temperatures but also at low temperatures can be attained by utilizing zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
Therefore, lubricating oil compositions for gas engines have high contents of metal-containing detergent and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
However, gas engines are generally equipped with exhaust gas processors containing a three-way catalyst to trap nitrogen oxides. Alkali metal- or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents and phosphorus in zinc dialkyldithiophosphates are known to poison the catalyst. So while it is necessary to have enough metal-containing detergent and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate for sufficient detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures, their amounts should not poison the catalyst.
Accordingly, it is required to reduce the amounts of metal-containing detergents and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates in lubricating oil compositions for gas engines.
The performance requirements for lubricating oil compositions for gas engines have been reported.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.7-126,681 describes a lubricating oil composition preferably employable for gas engines of the heat pump type, which comprises in a base oil, a polyalkenylsuccinimide and/or its borate derivative, a diarylamine, and a hindered phenol. The lubricating oil composition has excellent oxidation resistance to nitrogen oxides.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.7-258,678 describes a lubricating oil composition for gas engines which comprises in a base oil (mineral oil, synthetic oil, or their mixture), an alkaline earth metal salicylate, a bis type high molecular weight alkenylsuccinimide or its derivative, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, and a high molecular weight hindered phenol.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.10-219,266 describes a lubricating oil composition preferably employable for gas engines of the heat pump type, which comprises in a base oil, a metal salicylate, an amine _2_ oxidation inhibitor, a hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor, and a polyalkenylsuccinimide and/or its derivative.
EP 72,519 A2 describes a lubricating oil composition appropriately employable for stationary gas engines, which comprises a calcium overbased acidic material, a magnesium overbased acidic material, and a combination of an alkylene-coupled hindered phenol antioxidant and an antioxidant other than an alkylene-coupled hindered phenol antioxidant. This publication further describes addition of a borated dispersant to the oil composition and addition of a dialkyldithiophosphate of a metal salt to the oil composition.
U.S. Patent No. 5,629,272, issued May 13, 1997, to Nakazato et al. describes an engine oil composition which comprises a metal-containing detergent, zinc dithiophosphate, and a boron-containing ashless dispersant dissolved or dispersed in a base oil; characterized by further containing an antiwear agent having an aliphatic amide compound and either a dithiocarbamate compound or an ester derived from a fatty acid and boric acid. The engine oil composition described provides excellent characteristics in antiwear, especially in reducing wear of the valve train system of internal combustion engines.
Some of the lubricating oil compositions described in the above-identified publications do not reduce the catalyst poisoning of three way catalyst in exhaust gas processors. Others do not satisfy the requirements of the high temperature detergency and high temperature oxidation inhibition of a gas-engine lubricating oil composition. Therefore, there is a need to have a lubricating oil composition having good detergency at elevated temperatures as well as good oxidation stability at elevated temperatures on one hand and, on the other hand, having levels of metal-containing detergents and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates so as to prevent catalyst poisoning.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly gas engines utilizing gaseous fuel, such as natural gas or liquid propane gas. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises:
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, b) a metal-containing detergent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % in terms of its sulfated ash content, c) a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide in an amount of 1.0 to 15 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, d) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % in terms of its phosphorus content, e) an oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, and f) an ashless dithiocarbamate in an.amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient.
In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a sulfated ash content in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % and a phosphorus content in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %.
In another embodiment, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a boron content in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2 wt %.
In still another embodiment, the present invention provides for a method of producing the gas engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention by blending a mixture of a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an effective amount of a metal-containing detergent, a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an oxidation inhibitor, and an ashless dithiocarbamate to improve detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
In still yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a metal-containing detergent, a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an oxidation inhibitor, and an ashless dithiocarbamate for improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures in a lubricating oil composition for gas engines comprising a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an effective amount of a metal-containing detergent, a boron-containing alkenyl-or alkylsuccinimide, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an oxidation inhibitor, and an ashless dithiocarbamate.
Among other factors, the present invention is based on the surprising discovery that the lubricating oil composition of the present invention provides improved detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures in gas engines. Moreover, the lubricating oil composition_of the present invention provides excellent oxidation stability under gaseous nitrogen oxide conditions.
~ Hence, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines. In that method, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is also used to lubricate gas engines.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, in its broadest embodiment, the present invention involves a lubricating oil composition having improved detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures. Details of the present invention are described herein below.
Base Oil of Lubricatin4 Viscosity The base oil of lubricating viscosity may be a mineral base oil, a synthetic base oil, or their mixture preferably having a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 50 mm2/s at 100°C. A mineral base oil employable for the invention can be obtained from crude oil by distillation (under atmospheric or reduced pressure) and purification (e.g., solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, hydrogenation refining). Particularly preferred is a highly hydrogenation-refined base oil such as that having a viscosity index of 100 to 150, an aromatic component of 5 wt % or less, a nitrogen content of 50 ppm or less, and a sulfur content of 50 ppm or less.
The synthetic base oil can be a poly-a-olefin which is produced by polymerization of a-olefin having about 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a dialkyl ester of an alcohol having about 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a dibasic acid (e.g., sebacic acid, azelaic acid, or adipic acid) such as dioctyl sebacate, a polyol ester of 1-trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol and a monobasic acid having about 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkylbenzene having about 9 to 40 carbon atoms.
Each mineral oil and synthetic oil can be employed singly. If desired, two kinds of mineral oils as well as two kinds of synthetic oils are employed in combination in optionally determined ratios. Further, if desired, a mineral oil and a synthetic oil can be employed in combination in optionally determined ratios.
Additive Components The lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a small amount (0.1 to 1 wt %, in terms of a sulfate ash content) of a metal-containing detergent. The content of the metal-containing detergent in the lubricating composition can be varied depending upon the nature of the detergent.
Generally, the metal-containing detergent is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of an amount of its active ingredient, i.e., a functional ingredient free from a reaction solvent or dilution solvent which is employed in preparing and/or formulating the detergent.
There are no specific limitations with respect to the metal-containing detergent employable for the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. Examples of suitable metal-containing detergents include metal salicylate, metal phenate, metal sulfonate, or a complex compound of these metal salts. The metal-containing detergent may be of an overbased type, such as that having a total base number (TBN) of 150 to 300 mg KOH/g or higher. A metal-containing detergent having a less TBN or of a neutral type is also employable.
The metal salicylate is generally an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of salicylic acid which is produced from an alkylphenol wherein the alkyl group has about 8 to 30 carbon atoms via a Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
Examples of suitable alkaline earth metal salts include calcium salt, magnesium salt, or barium salt. Most preferred is calcium salicylate.
The metal phenate is generally an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfurized alkylphenol wherein the alkyl group has about 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alkaline earth metal salts include calcium salt, magnesium salt, or barium salt. Most preferred is a sulfurized calcium phenate.
The metal sulfonate is generally an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a mineral sulfonate having a molecular weight of about 400 to 1,000 or the salt of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. Examples of suitable alkaline earth metal salts include calcium salt, magnesium salt, or barium salt.
The metal salicylate, metal phenate, and metal sulfonate can be employed singly or in combination. Also employable are a complex compound of a metal phenate and a metal salicylate and a complex compound of a metal phenate and a metal sulfonate. In addition, each of the metal salicylate, metal phenate, and metal sulfonate can be employed in combination with other metal-containing detergents such as an alkaline earth phosphonate and an alkaline earth metal naphthenate. Preferably, the metal-containing detergent contains at least 50 wt % of an alkaline earth metal salicylate, specifically calcium salicylate, having a total base number of 50 to 250 KOH/g.
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the metal-containing detergent is employed in combination with a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide. The amount of the boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide varies depending upon the nature, particularly the boron content, of the employed succinimide. Generally, the boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide is employed in an amount of 1 to 15 wt %, in terms of its content of active ingredient (i.e., functional ingredient free from a reaction solvent and a dilution solvent).
The boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide is an alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide to which a boron atom is connected. Boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimides are known and can be prepared by causing a reaction between succinic anhydride having a high molecular weight alkenyl or alkyl substituent and a polyalkylene polyamine containing an average of about 4 to 10, preferably about 5 to 7, nitrogen atoms (per one molecule), and subjecting the reaction product to post-treatment with boric acid or boric acid derivative. The boron-containing alkenyl or alkylsuccinimide preferably contains 0.1 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.2 to 4 wt %, of boron (in terms of its active ingredient content). The succinic anhydride having a high molecular weight alkenyl or alkyl substituent is preferably obtained by the reaction between polybutene having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,700 and malefic anhydride.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention further contains a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DTP) in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %, in terms of phosphorus content. This phosphorus content range approximately corresponds to 0.05 to 2.0 wt % in terms of an active Zn-DTP ingredient content. The zinc dialkyldithiophosphate preferably has an alkyl group containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having an alkyl moiety _g_ containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms. Most preferred is a Zn-DTP having an alkyl group which is derived from a secondary alcohol containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms or a mixture of a primary alcohol containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms and a secondary alcohol containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms. The incorporation of an alkyl group from a secondary alcohol is preferred because it is more effective in reducing wear.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention further contains a phenol oxidation inhibitor (hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor) or an amine oxidation inhibitor (diarylamine oxidation inhibitor) in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 3.0 wt %. Examples of suitable hindered phenol oxidation inhibitors include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4'-isopropylene bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-thio-diethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], and octyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
Examples of suitable diarylamine oxidation inhibitors include alkyldiphenyl amine (in which the alkyl moiety is a mixture of alkyl groups having about 4 to 9 carbon atoms), p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-a-naphthylamine, phenyl-(3-naphthylamine, alkylated a-naphthylamine, and alkylated phenyl-a-naphthylamine. Each hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor and diarylamine oxidation inhibitor can be employed singly or in combination, if desired.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention further contains an ashless (which means "metal element free") dithiocarbamate compound in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt %.
-g_ The ashless dithiocarbamate having the following formula is preferably employed in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention:
R' RZ-N-C(S)-X-C(S)-N R3R4 wherein each of R', R2, R3, and R4 independently is an alkyl group having about 1 to 18 carbon atoms and X is S, S-S, S-CH2-S, S-CHZCH2-S, S-CH2CH2CH2-S, or S-CH2CH(CH3)-S.
The ashless dithiocarbamate compound of the above-mentioned formula is an additive for rubber (i.e., vulcanizing agent) or an additive for gear oils and turbine oils. The alkyl group can be a straight-chain alkyl group or a branched-chain alkyl group. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl. Preferred are alkyl groups having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Examples of suitable ashless dithiocarbamate compounds include methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)monosulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, bis(dibutylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, bis(diamylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, and bis(dioctylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide.
Each of the compounds can be incorporated singly or in combination in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in the lubrication oil composition of the present invention. The preferred ashless dithiocarbamate is methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention can further contain a variety of auxiliary additives in addition to the above-described additive components. Examples of the auxiliary additives include extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, friction modifiers, anti-foaming agents, viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants. Also employable are anti-wear agents and multi-functional additives (e.g., an organic molybdenum compound such as molybdenum dithiophosphate). As the viscosity improver, polyalkyl methacrylate, ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, or polyisobutylene is generally employed.
Otherwise, a dispersion-type or multi-functional viscosity index improver can be employed. The viscosity index improver can be used singly or in combination of various types. The amount of a viscosity index improver in the lubricating oil can vary depending upon the viscosity desired for the target engine oil. Generally, the viscosity index improver can be incorporated into the engine oil in an amount of 0.5 to 20 wt %.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a sulfated ash content in the amount of 0.1 to 1 wt %, a phosphorus content in the amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %, and a boron content in the amount of 0.01 to 0.2 wt %.
EXAMPLES
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which set forth particularly advantageous embodiments. While the Examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, they are not intended to limit it.
This application is intended to cover those various changes and substitutions that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Example 1 Samples of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention in which essential additives and various auxiliary additives were incorporated and comparative lubricating oil samples in which at least one of the essential additives was not incorporated were prepared, and evaluated for detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
The high temperature detergency was evaluated by a hot tube test. In the hot tube test, a glass tube (inner diameter: 2 mm) was set vertically to the heater block. A test oil and air were sent to the glass tube from its bottom at rates of 0.31 cc/hr and 10 cc/min, respectively. The glass tube was kept at the predetermined temperature (i.e., test temperature) for 16 hours. After the heating, the conditions of deposit produced on the inner wall of the glass tube was evaluated based on one to ten points marks.
The oxidation stability was evaluated at 165.5°C for 96 hours by the oxidation stability test of lubricating oils for internal combustion engines according to JIS K 2514. In the evaluation, characteristics of the test oil before the test were compared with the characteristics of the test oil after the test.
In the examples, the additive components are:
(1 ) Ashless dispersant-1: a reaction product (nitrogen content:
1.5 wt %, boron content: 0.5 wt %) of a bis-type succinimide (derived from polybutene having a number average molecular weight of about 1,300 and boric acid) (2) Ashless dispersant-2: a bis-type succinimide (nitrogen content: 1.5 wt %) derived from polybutene having a number average molecular weight of about 1,300.
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly for gas engines using gaseous fuel such as natural gas or liquid propane gas. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electric generators and co-generation systems are widely utilized in retail stores or shops and small-scale factories. A variety of engine systems for in-house electric generators and co-generation systems may be utilized. In particular, gas engines using gaseous fuel such as natural gas or liquid propane gas (LPG) are widely used because gas engines produce low noise and low atmospheric pollution.
Generally, gas engines are designed to burn gaseous fuel at a temperature higher than that used in other internal combustion engines. Furthermore, gas engines have a small-size oil pan. Therefore, gas engines are apt to generate an increased amount of nitrogen oxides (NOX), and engine oils employed in gas engines are apt to deteriorate in a relatively short period of time. For these reasons, gas engine lubricating oils need high detergency at elevated temperatures and also oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
It is further noted that gas engines are generally used continuously for long periods of time before oil changes occur.
It is known that detergency of engine oils at elevated temperatures can be increased by utilizing a metal-containing detergent such as calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate, or calcium salicylate. It is also known that the oxidation stability of engine oil not only at elevated temperatures but also at low temperatures can be attained by utilizing zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
Therefore, lubricating oil compositions for gas engines have high contents of metal-containing detergent and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
However, gas engines are generally equipped with exhaust gas processors containing a three-way catalyst to trap nitrogen oxides. Alkali metal- or alkaline earth metal-containing detergents and phosphorus in zinc dialkyldithiophosphates are known to poison the catalyst. So while it is necessary to have enough metal-containing detergent and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate for sufficient detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures, their amounts should not poison the catalyst.
Accordingly, it is required to reduce the amounts of metal-containing detergents and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates in lubricating oil compositions for gas engines.
The performance requirements for lubricating oil compositions for gas engines have been reported.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.7-126,681 describes a lubricating oil composition preferably employable for gas engines of the heat pump type, which comprises in a base oil, a polyalkenylsuccinimide and/or its borate derivative, a diarylamine, and a hindered phenol. The lubricating oil composition has excellent oxidation resistance to nitrogen oxides.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.7-258,678 describes a lubricating oil composition for gas engines which comprises in a base oil (mineral oil, synthetic oil, or their mixture), an alkaline earth metal salicylate, a bis type high molecular weight alkenylsuccinimide or its derivative, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, and a high molecular weight hindered phenol.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.10-219,266 describes a lubricating oil composition preferably employable for gas engines of the heat pump type, which comprises in a base oil, a metal salicylate, an amine _2_ oxidation inhibitor, a hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor, and a polyalkenylsuccinimide and/or its derivative.
EP 72,519 A2 describes a lubricating oil composition appropriately employable for stationary gas engines, which comprises a calcium overbased acidic material, a magnesium overbased acidic material, and a combination of an alkylene-coupled hindered phenol antioxidant and an antioxidant other than an alkylene-coupled hindered phenol antioxidant. This publication further describes addition of a borated dispersant to the oil composition and addition of a dialkyldithiophosphate of a metal salt to the oil composition.
U.S. Patent No. 5,629,272, issued May 13, 1997, to Nakazato et al. describes an engine oil composition which comprises a metal-containing detergent, zinc dithiophosphate, and a boron-containing ashless dispersant dissolved or dispersed in a base oil; characterized by further containing an antiwear agent having an aliphatic amide compound and either a dithiocarbamate compound or an ester derived from a fatty acid and boric acid. The engine oil composition described provides excellent characteristics in antiwear, especially in reducing wear of the valve train system of internal combustion engines.
Some of the lubricating oil compositions described in the above-identified publications do not reduce the catalyst poisoning of three way catalyst in exhaust gas processors. Others do not satisfy the requirements of the high temperature detergency and high temperature oxidation inhibition of a gas-engine lubricating oil composition. Therefore, there is a need to have a lubricating oil composition having good detergency at elevated temperatures as well as good oxidation stability at elevated temperatures on one hand and, on the other hand, having levels of metal-containing detergents and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates so as to prevent catalyst poisoning.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly gas engines utilizing gaseous fuel, such as natural gas or liquid propane gas. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises:
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, b) a metal-containing detergent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % in terms of its sulfated ash content, c) a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide in an amount of 1.0 to 15 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, d) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % in terms of its phosphorus content, e) an oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, and f) an ashless dithiocarbamate in an.amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient.
In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a sulfated ash content in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % and a phosphorus content in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %.
In another embodiment, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a boron content in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2 wt %.
In still another embodiment, the present invention provides for a method of producing the gas engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention by blending a mixture of a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an effective amount of a metal-containing detergent, a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an oxidation inhibitor, and an ashless dithiocarbamate to improve detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
In still yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a metal-containing detergent, a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an oxidation inhibitor, and an ashless dithiocarbamate for improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures in a lubricating oil composition for gas engines comprising a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an effective amount of a metal-containing detergent, a boron-containing alkenyl-or alkylsuccinimide, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, an oxidation inhibitor, and an ashless dithiocarbamate.
Among other factors, the present invention is based on the surprising discovery that the lubricating oil composition of the present invention provides improved detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures in gas engines. Moreover, the lubricating oil composition_of the present invention provides excellent oxidation stability under gaseous nitrogen oxide conditions.
~ Hence, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is useful in a method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of gas engines. In that method, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is also used to lubricate gas engines.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, in its broadest embodiment, the present invention involves a lubricating oil composition having improved detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures. Details of the present invention are described herein below.
Base Oil of Lubricatin4 Viscosity The base oil of lubricating viscosity may be a mineral base oil, a synthetic base oil, or their mixture preferably having a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 50 mm2/s at 100°C. A mineral base oil employable for the invention can be obtained from crude oil by distillation (under atmospheric or reduced pressure) and purification (e.g., solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, hydrogenation refining). Particularly preferred is a highly hydrogenation-refined base oil such as that having a viscosity index of 100 to 150, an aromatic component of 5 wt % or less, a nitrogen content of 50 ppm or less, and a sulfur content of 50 ppm or less.
The synthetic base oil can be a poly-a-olefin which is produced by polymerization of a-olefin having about 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a dialkyl ester of an alcohol having about 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a dibasic acid (e.g., sebacic acid, azelaic acid, or adipic acid) such as dioctyl sebacate, a polyol ester of 1-trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol and a monobasic acid having about 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkylbenzene having about 9 to 40 carbon atoms.
Each mineral oil and synthetic oil can be employed singly. If desired, two kinds of mineral oils as well as two kinds of synthetic oils are employed in combination in optionally determined ratios. Further, if desired, a mineral oil and a synthetic oil can be employed in combination in optionally determined ratios.
Additive Components The lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a small amount (0.1 to 1 wt %, in terms of a sulfate ash content) of a metal-containing detergent. The content of the metal-containing detergent in the lubricating composition can be varied depending upon the nature of the detergent.
Generally, the metal-containing detergent is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of an amount of its active ingredient, i.e., a functional ingredient free from a reaction solvent or dilution solvent which is employed in preparing and/or formulating the detergent.
There are no specific limitations with respect to the metal-containing detergent employable for the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. Examples of suitable metal-containing detergents include metal salicylate, metal phenate, metal sulfonate, or a complex compound of these metal salts. The metal-containing detergent may be of an overbased type, such as that having a total base number (TBN) of 150 to 300 mg KOH/g or higher. A metal-containing detergent having a less TBN or of a neutral type is also employable.
The metal salicylate is generally an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of salicylic acid which is produced from an alkylphenol wherein the alkyl group has about 8 to 30 carbon atoms via a Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
Examples of suitable alkaline earth metal salts include calcium salt, magnesium salt, or barium salt. Most preferred is calcium salicylate.
The metal phenate is generally an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfurized alkylphenol wherein the alkyl group has about 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alkaline earth metal salts include calcium salt, magnesium salt, or barium salt. Most preferred is a sulfurized calcium phenate.
The metal sulfonate is generally an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a mineral sulfonate having a molecular weight of about 400 to 1,000 or the salt of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. Examples of suitable alkaline earth metal salts include calcium salt, magnesium salt, or barium salt.
The metal salicylate, metal phenate, and metal sulfonate can be employed singly or in combination. Also employable are a complex compound of a metal phenate and a metal salicylate and a complex compound of a metal phenate and a metal sulfonate. In addition, each of the metal salicylate, metal phenate, and metal sulfonate can be employed in combination with other metal-containing detergents such as an alkaline earth phosphonate and an alkaline earth metal naphthenate. Preferably, the metal-containing detergent contains at least 50 wt % of an alkaline earth metal salicylate, specifically calcium salicylate, having a total base number of 50 to 250 KOH/g.
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the metal-containing detergent is employed in combination with a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide. The amount of the boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide varies depending upon the nature, particularly the boron content, of the employed succinimide. Generally, the boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide is employed in an amount of 1 to 15 wt %, in terms of its content of active ingredient (i.e., functional ingredient free from a reaction solvent and a dilution solvent).
The boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide is an alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide to which a boron atom is connected. Boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimides are known and can be prepared by causing a reaction between succinic anhydride having a high molecular weight alkenyl or alkyl substituent and a polyalkylene polyamine containing an average of about 4 to 10, preferably about 5 to 7, nitrogen atoms (per one molecule), and subjecting the reaction product to post-treatment with boric acid or boric acid derivative. The boron-containing alkenyl or alkylsuccinimide preferably contains 0.1 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.2 to 4 wt %, of boron (in terms of its active ingredient content). The succinic anhydride having a high molecular weight alkenyl or alkyl substituent is preferably obtained by the reaction between polybutene having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,700 and malefic anhydride.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention further contains a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DTP) in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %, in terms of phosphorus content. This phosphorus content range approximately corresponds to 0.05 to 2.0 wt % in terms of an active Zn-DTP ingredient content. The zinc dialkyldithiophosphate preferably has an alkyl group containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having an alkyl moiety _g_ containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms. Most preferred is a Zn-DTP having an alkyl group which is derived from a secondary alcohol containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms or a mixture of a primary alcohol containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms and a secondary alcohol containing about 3 to 18 carbon atoms. The incorporation of an alkyl group from a secondary alcohol is preferred because it is more effective in reducing wear.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention further contains a phenol oxidation inhibitor (hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor) or an amine oxidation inhibitor (diarylamine oxidation inhibitor) in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 3.0 wt %. Examples of suitable hindered phenol oxidation inhibitors include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-t-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4'-isopropylene bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-thio-diethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], and octyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
Examples of suitable diarylamine oxidation inhibitors include alkyldiphenyl amine (in which the alkyl moiety is a mixture of alkyl groups having about 4 to 9 carbon atoms), p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-a-naphthylamine, phenyl-(3-naphthylamine, alkylated a-naphthylamine, and alkylated phenyl-a-naphthylamine. Each hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor and diarylamine oxidation inhibitor can be employed singly or in combination, if desired.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention further contains an ashless (which means "metal element free") dithiocarbamate compound in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt %.
-g_ The ashless dithiocarbamate having the following formula is preferably employed in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention:
R' RZ-N-C(S)-X-C(S)-N R3R4 wherein each of R', R2, R3, and R4 independently is an alkyl group having about 1 to 18 carbon atoms and X is S, S-S, S-CH2-S, S-CHZCH2-S, S-CH2CH2CH2-S, or S-CH2CH(CH3)-S.
The ashless dithiocarbamate compound of the above-mentioned formula is an additive for rubber (i.e., vulcanizing agent) or an additive for gear oils and turbine oils. The alkyl group can be a straight-chain alkyl group or a branched-chain alkyl group. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl. Preferred are alkyl groups having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Examples of suitable ashless dithiocarbamate compounds include methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)monosulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, bis(dibutylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, bis(diamylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, and bis(dioctylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide.
Each of the compounds can be incorporated singly or in combination in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in the lubrication oil composition of the present invention. The preferred ashless dithiocarbamate is methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention can further contain a variety of auxiliary additives in addition to the above-described additive components. Examples of the auxiliary additives include extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, friction modifiers, anti-foaming agents, viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants. Also employable are anti-wear agents and multi-functional additives (e.g., an organic molybdenum compound such as molybdenum dithiophosphate). As the viscosity improver, polyalkyl methacrylate, ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, or polyisobutylene is generally employed.
Otherwise, a dispersion-type or multi-functional viscosity index improver can be employed. The viscosity index improver can be used singly or in combination of various types. The amount of a viscosity index improver in the lubricating oil can vary depending upon the viscosity desired for the target engine oil. Generally, the viscosity index improver can be incorporated into the engine oil in an amount of 0.5 to 20 wt %.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a sulfated ash content in the amount of 0.1 to 1 wt %, a phosphorus content in the amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %, and a boron content in the amount of 0.01 to 0.2 wt %.
EXAMPLES
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which set forth particularly advantageous embodiments. While the Examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, they are not intended to limit it.
This application is intended to cover those various changes and substitutions that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Example 1 Samples of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention in which essential additives and various auxiliary additives were incorporated and comparative lubricating oil samples in which at least one of the essential additives was not incorporated were prepared, and evaluated for detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
The high temperature detergency was evaluated by a hot tube test. In the hot tube test, a glass tube (inner diameter: 2 mm) was set vertically to the heater block. A test oil and air were sent to the glass tube from its bottom at rates of 0.31 cc/hr and 10 cc/min, respectively. The glass tube was kept at the predetermined temperature (i.e., test temperature) for 16 hours. After the heating, the conditions of deposit produced on the inner wall of the glass tube was evaluated based on one to ten points marks.
The oxidation stability was evaluated at 165.5°C for 96 hours by the oxidation stability test of lubricating oils for internal combustion engines according to JIS K 2514. In the evaluation, characteristics of the test oil before the test were compared with the characteristics of the test oil after the test.
In the examples, the additive components are:
(1 ) Ashless dispersant-1: a reaction product (nitrogen content:
1.5 wt %, boron content: 0.5 wt %) of a bis-type succinimide (derived from polybutene having a number average molecular weight of about 1,300 and boric acid) (2) Ashless dispersant-2: a bis-type succinimide (nitrogen content: 1.5 wt %) derived from polybutene having a number average molecular weight of about 1,300.
(3) Metal detergent-1: calcium salicylate (TBN: 170 mg KOH/g) (4) Metal detergent-2: calcium sulfonate (TBN: 20 mg KOH/g) (5) Zn-DTP: zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (phosphorus content: 7.4 wt %) derived from primary alcohol having about 4 to 10 carbon atoms (6) Diarylamine-1: dialkyldiphenylamine having a mixed alkyl moieties (butyl and octyl) (7) Diarylamine-2: phenyl-a-naphthylamine (8) Hindered phenol: 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol) (9) Dithiocarbamate: methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate) (10) Auxiliary additives: a mixture of rust inhibitor, anti-oxidant, metal deactivator, anti-foaming agent, etc.
(11 ) Base oil: 500 neutral oil (viscosity index: 100) The formulations of test oils are set forth below.
Test Oils, wt %a INVENTION COMPARATIVE
B
C
D
Ashless dis 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 - -- 6.0 6.0 ersant-1 Ashless dis - -- - -- 6.0 6.0 -- -ersant-2 Metal deter 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 ent-1 Metal deter 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 ent-2 Zn-DTP 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 Dia lamine-1 1.0 0.75 1.0 - 1.0 0.75 1.5 -Dia lamine-2 - - 0.1 - - -- - -Hindered henot - - - 0.75 - - - -Dithiocarbamate0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 -- 1.5 Auxilia Additives0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Base oil 89.5289.5289.42 89.5289.5289.52 89.5289.52 °SAE 30 viscosity grade lubricating oil, total sulfated ash 0.48 wt %, total phosphorus content 0.024 wt %.
The results of the evaluations are set forth in the following Table 2.
Test Oil Test Oil (Invention) (Comparative) Oxidation stability Viscosity increase (40°C, %) Total acid value increase (mg KOH/g) 1.51 1.06 1.38 1.29 4.20 2.01 6.04 1.83 TBN retention ratio (hydrochloric acid method, %) 10.7 15.2 11.8 20.3 0 7.2 7.4 7.7 High temperature detergency Hot tube test (maximum: 10 points) (290°C) 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.5 2.5 2.5 9.0 3.5 (300°C) 5.5 4.0 6.0 5.5 0 0 8 2.0 From the results set forth in Table 2, the test oils of the present invention show both high oxidation stability and high detergency at elevated temperatures for a long period of time. In contrast, the comparative test oils, i.e., A, B, C, and D, in which a borated succinimide derivative, a diarylamine, a phenol compound, or dithiocarbamate is not present are apparently unsatisfactory in detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
Example 2 Test Oil 2 and Test Oil 4 of the present invention were evaluated for resistance to NOX oxidation.
The evaluation test was performed by the following procedures.
In 40 mL of the test oil are placed a iron piece and a copper piece (defined in Oxidation Stability Test, JIS K 2514). The test is then kept at 140°C.
Into the heated test oil are introduced a nitrogen gas containing 0.8 vol.% of NOx gas and a wet air (which is produced by passing air through water) at rates of 5.7 Uhr and 15 Uhr, respectively. The introduction of these gasses into the heated test oil is continued for 96 hours, and the characteristics of the test oil prior to the test and those of the test oil after the test are compared. The results are set forth in Table 3.
Test Oil 2 Test Oil 4 Viscosity increase (40°C, %) 40 22 Total Acid Number (TAN) increase (mg KOH/g) 3.36 2.60 TBN retention (HCI method, %) 0 1.2 The results in Table 3 indicate that the test oils for the present invention show satisfactory resistance to NOx oxidation. It is further noted that Test Oil 4 utilizing a hindered phenol is superior in resistance to N02 oxidation than Test Oil 2 utilizing diarylamine.
(11 ) Base oil: 500 neutral oil (viscosity index: 100) The formulations of test oils are set forth below.
Test Oils, wt %a INVENTION COMPARATIVE
B
C
D
Ashless dis 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 - -- 6.0 6.0 ersant-1 Ashless dis - -- - -- 6.0 6.0 -- -ersant-2 Metal deter 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 ent-1 Metal deter 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 ent-2 Zn-DTP 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 Dia lamine-1 1.0 0.75 1.0 - 1.0 0.75 1.5 -Dia lamine-2 - - 0.1 - - -- - -Hindered henot - - - 0.75 - - - -Dithiocarbamate0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 -- 1.5 Auxilia Additives0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Base oil 89.5289.5289.42 89.5289.5289.52 89.5289.52 °SAE 30 viscosity grade lubricating oil, total sulfated ash 0.48 wt %, total phosphorus content 0.024 wt %.
The results of the evaluations are set forth in the following Table 2.
Test Oil Test Oil (Invention) (Comparative) Oxidation stability Viscosity increase (40°C, %) Total acid value increase (mg KOH/g) 1.51 1.06 1.38 1.29 4.20 2.01 6.04 1.83 TBN retention ratio (hydrochloric acid method, %) 10.7 15.2 11.8 20.3 0 7.2 7.4 7.7 High temperature detergency Hot tube test (maximum: 10 points) (290°C) 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.5 2.5 2.5 9.0 3.5 (300°C) 5.5 4.0 6.0 5.5 0 0 8 2.0 From the results set forth in Table 2, the test oils of the present invention show both high oxidation stability and high detergency at elevated temperatures for a long period of time. In contrast, the comparative test oils, i.e., A, B, C, and D, in which a borated succinimide derivative, a diarylamine, a phenol compound, or dithiocarbamate is not present are apparently unsatisfactory in detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures.
Example 2 Test Oil 2 and Test Oil 4 of the present invention were evaluated for resistance to NOX oxidation.
The evaluation test was performed by the following procedures.
In 40 mL of the test oil are placed a iron piece and a copper piece (defined in Oxidation Stability Test, JIS K 2514). The test is then kept at 140°C.
Into the heated test oil are introduced a nitrogen gas containing 0.8 vol.% of NOx gas and a wet air (which is produced by passing air through water) at rates of 5.7 Uhr and 15 Uhr, respectively. The introduction of these gasses into the heated test oil is continued for 96 hours, and the characteristics of the test oil prior to the test and those of the test oil after the test are compared. The results are set forth in Table 3.
Test Oil 2 Test Oil 4 Viscosity increase (40°C, %) 40 22 Total Acid Number (TAN) increase (mg KOH/g) 3.36 2.60 TBN retention (HCI method, %) 0 1.2 The results in Table 3 indicate that the test oils for the present invention show satisfactory resistance to NOx oxidation. It is further noted that Test Oil 4 utilizing a hindered phenol is superior in resistance to N02 oxidation than Test Oil 2 utilizing diarylamine.
Claims (11)
1. A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines comprising:
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, b) a metal-containing detergent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % in terms of its sulfated ash content, c) a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide in an amount of 1.0 to 15 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, d) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % in terms of its phosphorus content, e) an oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, and f) an ashless dithiocarbamate in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient.
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, b) a metal-containing detergent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % in terms of its sulfated ash content, c) a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkylsuccinimide in an amount of 1.0 to 15 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, d) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % in terms of its phosphorus content, e) an oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, and f) an ashless dithiocarbamate in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient.
2. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein said lubricating oil composition has a sulfated ash content in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt %.
3. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein said lubricating oil composition has a phosphorus content in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt %.
4. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein said metal-containing detergent is an alkaline earth metal salicylate.
5. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 4, wherein said alkaline earth metal salicylate has a total base number of 50 to 250 mg KOH/g.
6. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein said oxidation inhibitor is a diarylamine or hindered phenol.
7. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein said ashless dithiocarbamate is methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
8. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein said lubricating oil composition having a boron content of 0.01 to 0.2 wt %.
9. A method of producing a gas engine lubricating oil composition comprising blending the following components together:
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, b) a metal-containing detergent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % in terms of its sulfated ash content, c) a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkyl-succinimide in an amount of 1.0 to 15 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, d) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % in terms of its phosphorus content, e) an oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, and f) an ashless dithiocarbamate in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient.
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, b) a metal-containing detergent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 wt % in terms of its sulfated ash content, c) a boron-containing alkenyl- or alkyl-succinimide in an amount of 1.0 to 15 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, d) a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % in terms of its phosphorus content, e) an oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient, and f) an ashless dithiocarbamate in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt % in terms of its active ingredient.
10. A method of improving the detergency and oxidation stability at elevated temperatures of a gas engine, said method comprising lubricating said gas engine with the lubricating oil composition of Claim 1.
11. A method for lubricating a gas engine with the lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11-343128 | 1999-12-02 | ||
| JP34312899A JP2001158896A (en) | 1999-12-02 | 1999-12-02 | Lubricant oil composition for internal combustion engine especially effective for lubricant of gas engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2327384A1 true CA2327384A1 (en) | 2001-06-02 |
Family
ID=18359144
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002327384A Abandoned CA2327384A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2000-12-01 | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for gas engine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1104800A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001158896A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2327384A1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG97992A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115960656A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Composite lithium-based lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
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-
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- 1999-12-02 JP JP34312899A patent/JP2001158896A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-12-01 SG SG200007086A patent/SG97992A1/en unknown
- 2000-12-01 CA CA002327384A patent/CA2327384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-04 EP EP00310763A patent/EP1104800A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115960656A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Composite lithium-based lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1104800A2 (en) | 2001-06-06 |
| JP2001158896A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
| EP1104800A3 (en) | 2001-06-20 |
| SG97992A1 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
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