CA2258261C - Structural member and process for producing a structural member - Google Patents
Structural member and process for producing a structural member Download PDFInfo
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- CA2258261C CA2258261C CA002258261A CA2258261A CA2258261C CA 2258261 C CA2258261 C CA 2258261C CA 002258261 A CA002258261 A CA 002258261A CA 2258261 A CA2258261 A CA 2258261A CA 2258261 C CA2258261 C CA 2258261C
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- structural member
- member according
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
- E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
- E04G1/153—Platforms made of plastics, with or without reinforcement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a structural member, in particular for wall and ceiling shuttering, with a working surface (22) and a structural frame (14) on which the working surface (22) is mounted and which has frame members (23) perpendicular to the working surface (22) and forming a structural frame (14). The working surface (22) and the structural frame (14) take the form of a one-member injection-moulded part.
Description
Structural Member and Process for the Production of a Structural Member The invention relates to a structural member with a working surface (22) and a profile frame ( 14) which supports the working surface (22), and which is arranged perpendicular to the working surface (22) and which has frame members (23) forming a profile frame (14), constituted of beam profiles (27) which are at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic; wherein the frame member (23) has an upper section (31), injection molded around the beam profile (27), immediately adjoining the working surface (22), having interally at least one free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27), and having a lower section (29); the said lower section (29), not being embedded in injection molded plastic, has an abutment surface (34) which is arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane (28) and which has, extending along the system plane (28), a foot (28) of the lower section (29) which is not embedded in injection molded plastic, characterized in that the working surfaces (22) and the frame members (23) are constituted integrally as injection molded parts, and the free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27) is arranged at an angle to the system plane (28) of the frame member (23). The present invention also relates to the production of such a structural member.
A shuttering unit with a shuttering panel of plastic for system shuttering used for erecting shuttering for concrete has become known from [European Patent] EP 0 637 A1. This shuttering unit has a structural frame constituted by frame members of hollow profile form. A shuttering panel which is foamed from PVC granulate by means of a foamable plastic is fastened to the structural frame by means of adhesion, for example, or in a conventional manner by riveting or screwing.
The necessity for foaming the PVC chips, requiring the addition of a binder, is disadvantageous in the case of this shuttering panel. Furthermore, the period of time for a complete foaming is also considerable. In addition, an expensive mounting of the shuttering panel on the structural frame is necessary. Furthermore, structural members are known, in particular scaffold floorings, which are used in working scaffolding.
These have a working surface which is made of wood. These working surfaces have, at least on the narrow side, two hook elements with which the scaffold floorings are mounted on the scaffolds. The wooden working surface likewise has the above-mentioned disadvantages.
The invention therefore has as its object to provide a structural member which makes possible a simplification of its production, and which can nevertheless take up the loads corresponding to its end use, and also corresponds in large degree to the method of building heretofore.
The invention furthermore has as its object to provide a process for the production of a structural member which enables the structural member according to the invention to be produced rapidly and inexpensively.
These objects are attained by the present invention, which in a' broad aspect relate to a structural member with a working surface (22) and a profile frame ( 14) which supports the working surface (22), and which is arranged perpendicular to the working surface (22) and which has frame members (23) forming a profile frame (14), constituted of beam profiles (27) which are at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic; wherein the frame member (23) has an upper section (31), injection molded around the beam profile (27), immediately adjoining the working surface (22), having interally at least one free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27), and having a lower section (29); the said lower section (29), not being embedded in injection molded plastic, has an abutment surface (34) which is arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane (28) and which has, extending along the system plane (28), a foot (28) of the lower section (29) which is not embedded in injection molded plastic, characterized in that the working surfaces (22) and the frame members (23) are constituted integrally as injection molded parts, and the free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27) is arranged at an angle to the system plane (28) of the frame member (23).
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a process for the production of a structural member (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 59, characterized in that at one beam profile (27) and at least one transverse web (17) are cut to size; the beam profiles (27) and the transverse webs (17) arranged thereon are placed in an injection mold; and in one injection process an element (12) with a shuttering panel (22) and a structural frame ( 14) running around on the outside and having frame members (23) running perpendicular to the shuttering panel (22) and constituted by means of beam profiles (27) which are partially embedded in injection molded plastic.
The embodiment according to the invention of a structural member as a injection molded part has the advantage that a smaller working time is required for its production, so that high labor costs and incidental labor costs can be saved.
This embodiment, particularly for a structural member for wall and floor shuttering and scaffold floorings, furthermore has the advantage that a galvanic pretreatment can be dispensed with, in contrast to the heretofore known profile frames of aluminum or steel. Likewise the expensive coating of such profile frames for use appropriate to a building site can be omitted.
The structural member has the further advantage that the working surface or shuttering panel can be made free from splinters and insensitive to impact, because of the use of a polymer material. The load carrying capacity can remain maintained thereby. The use of polymer materials for the member furthermore leads to a long life being conferred. The polymer materials are more weather resistant and easier to clean than are wood or wooden multilayer panels. For example, the shuttering panel can be easily and quickly cleaned with a steam jet cleaner. The panel is made relatively thin and has practically no thermal inertia. This has the result that, for 2a FEB. 3.1999 4:07PM MOFFRT MRCERR 613 235 2508 N0.252 P.4 example when the buttering panel is sprayed with a steam jet c leaner, differences in longi dinal extension arise between the concrete Layer and the plas kit, so that a concrete layer comes off from the shutteri ng panel and the connection immediately released. The use of suitable polymer rnateriaJ.s for the s ctural member leads to a smaller adhesion c ~f neat cement, and the use of parting agents can therefore be dispensec, with.
Such a strut al member embodied as an injection molded part has the further advanta a that a fuxther weight reduction by about 1 ~% to 20%
' can be attained wi the same dimensions, in contrast to the herf ~tofore known :structural m tubers consisting of a metallic profile frame and a multilayer panel of xpensive plywood.
Such a structural member embodied as an injection molded part has the further advantage that a further weight reduction by about 10% to 20%
can be attained with the same dimensions, in contrast to the heretofore known structural members consisting of a metallic profile frame and a s multilayer panel of expensive plywood. 1-landier working, and hence quicker working, can be made possible thereby. This weight reduction is advantageously not at the expense of an increasing concrete pressure or loading, so that just as in the known method of constructing the structural member with a metallic profile frame, for example for shuttering elements, io a concrete pressure of up to 60 kN/m'- can be taken up.
The above advantages likewise appear for a structural member which is embodied as a scaffold flooring.
Furthermore, these advantages also result for further structural members which have a working surface and a profile frame, so that i s additional components can also be provided which are required for special uses.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the profile frame is formed by frame members m~hich consist at least partially of beam profiles with plastic injected around them.
~o Several elements for a wall shuttering can thereby be securely connected together. These beam profiles can furthermore effect an increase in the rigidity of the members, so that the member is stable against warping and is robust for use on a building site. In particular, the free ends of the profile frame are constituted by an impact resistant polymer material 2 s which is insensitive to shocks.
These beam profiles furthermore have the advantage that when used for ceiling shuttering they can be suspended on a drop head or support head and also main and/or auxiliary beams. 'These beam profiles, advantageously constituted from an aluminum alloy, leave the further advantage that the member is insensitive to creep. The polymer materials s in general have a very high creep number and have practically no effect in reducing creep stresses. Metals and synthetic resins leave a very low creep number, so that creep can be nearly prevented because of the preferred reinforcement which is given by the beam profile. 'thus efficient members are constituted which have practically no distortion, even after long use.
to The embodiment of a profile frame with a beam profile furthermore has the advantage that such shuttering members can be fully recyclable.
Members for which, because of the use of a thermoplastic polymer material a repair no longer appears worth the labor, can be recycled. The beam profiles are operated as an electrical resistance, so that they heat up very i5 strongly and the plastic can be released from the beam profiles. About 90%
of the fraction of the beam profile can be released from the plastic by this separation process. The plastic and the fractions of the beam profile only partially still contained therein can be shredded and milled, so that after working up this waste it can be re-used for a member or further metal-2o plastic structural members for use in the building industry, for example for shuttering panels for ceiling shutterings.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the beam profiles extend along the side surfaces of the profile frame and can be connected together into a beam profile frame by at 25 least one connecting element, such as for example a corner connecting element. The beam profiles can thereby be pre-fixed to each other and securely arranged in an injection mold, so that a positional displacement within the mold due to the high injection pressures can be prevented.
Simultaneously, the rigidity of the profile frame can be increased by means of this corner connection, so that again, the rigidity of connection and also s the taking up of the concrete pressure can be increased.
According to an further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that in the case of small members, transverse webs are regularly, mutually spaced apart over the length, and can likewise by prefixed to the beam profiles, for example by means of a cramping. For io wider members, middle webs can in addition be provided to the beam profiles arranged parallel to the long sides, and can likewise be prefixed to the beam profiles arranged at the ends by means of a cramping, for example. A further stiffening of the profile frame can be attained by means of this embodiment. By the use of profile elements for the transverse i s and/ or middle webs; these can be constituted with a smaller wall thickness than the transverse or middle webs constituted of plastic, so that a weight reduction can thereby be attained, with a simultaneous increase of the rigidity of the profile frame.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it a o is provided that the frame member includes a beam profile which is partially embedded by injection molding, and which has an abutment surface arranged free at an angle to the principal axis of the frame member and has at the free end of the frame member a further internal abutment surface which is not embedded, and a foot, which is not embedded and a s extends along the principal axis. The remaining portions of the beam profile are substantially embedded by injection molding. These abutment surfaces which are not embedded serve for the arrangement of a shuttering lock in order to connect one or more members together. A claw of the shuttering lock can engage on the abutment surface arranged at an angle to the principal axis of the frame member. The further, inward-facing s abutment surface at the end of the frame member can serve for the abutment of a projection in the root region of the cla~n~. The foot which extends free along the principal axis of the frame member makes it possible for the shuttering lock to be braced toward the first abutment surface, so that an alignment of the two elements is possible. This embodiment of the to abutment surfaces which are not embedded by injection molding advantageously makes possible a 5-point abutment of the shuttering lock, whereby the concrete pressure of up to 60 kN/m'- can be taken up. At the least, a 3-point abutment is insured, so that a lining up and alignment of the members is made possible.
i 5 Furthermore a beam profile is provided according to the invention for the formation of a profile frame of a member for wall and ceiling shutterings, and stiffens the profile frame and makes possible, with a lower, L-shaped foot, a secure reception on main and auxiliary beams, drop heads or support heads. At the same time, an insensitive termination is a o given by the lower foot. Furthermore, the beam profile has the advantage that an end section is provided on the upper, vertical section of the foot, and can be constituted such that this end section forms a sealed closure in an injection mold, so that the adjoining upper portion of the beam profile can be at least partially embedded by injection molding.
25 According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a claw catch adjoins the end section in the upper section of the beam profile. This has the advantage that a simple arrangement of the corner connecting elements can be provided. These can for example be constituted as a plug connection, which makes possible a secure prefixing of the beam profiles to a beam profile frame.
s According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that two webs arranged substantially in a V-shape to each other are provided in the middle region of the upper section, and serve for the abutment of the free claw ends of a shuttering lock.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it i o is provided that the webs extending left and right of the system plane, the profile webs, V-shaped webs, and the end section, respectively form an abutment surface or support surface in the injection mold. It can thereby be insured that the beam profiles maintain their position in the injection mold during the injection molding process and cannot undergo a i5 disorientation under the influence of the high injection pressure.
According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the member has a prestress which to the greatest possible extent neutralizes the loading provided. There thereby still remain sufficient reserves for the members in order to exhibit the requisite safety and solidity in limit a o loading cases.
The beam profiles are advantageously positioned, plastically and/or elastically preformed in the mold, during the injection of plastic.
It can also be provided that the beam profiles are plastically preformed, preferably in the direction of the principal axis, and are then 25 placed individually or as a frame into the mold. Alternatively, the beam profile or the frame composed thereby is positioned undeformed in the mold and is deformed by means of a mold control before and/or during the injection molding process. Thus an element can be constituted which has a surface midpoint of the shuttering panel which is at least partially raised with respect to the edge zones. Alternatively, other dome-shaped or s curved constitutions of the shuttering panel can be provided according to the specific cases of application and use.
The advantageous embodiments are likewise also applicable, insofar as transferable, for example, for a scaffold flooring, a work platform, to which brackets can be attached, or further structural members which build io onto or attach to the structural member according to the invention.
The process for the production of a member for wall and ceiling shutterings has the advantage that an expensive pretreatment and subsequent coating of the profile frame can be saved. Furthermore, by the production of the member in an injection molding process, a considerable i5 number of work steps can be saved such as, for example, the application of a silicone seal in the shuttering frame for receiving a multilayer panel. A
considerable cost saving can thereby accrue. At the same time, the production rate can be substantially increased by the production of the member as an injection molded part.
a o According to a further advantageous embodiment of the process, it is provided that a prefinished shuttering panel, which preferably has a sandwich structure with stiffenings, is placed in the injection mold. The injection molding process can thereby be shortened, and at the same time a firm bonding into an integral member is made possible by the embedding 25 Of the inserted parts, such as, for example, a shuttering panel and a beam profile frame, by injection molding.
Further advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are given in the description, the patent claims, and the accompanying drawing.
A preferred embodiment is shown in the drawing.
Fig. 1 shows a shuttering consisting of a composite of two shuttering members with shuttering locks.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view along the line II-II in I~ig. 1, io with a schematic representation of a beam profile.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic partial section along the line III-III in Fig. 1, with a schematic partial section of a transverse web.
l s Fig. 4 shows a section of a transverse web along the line IV-IV in Fig.
3.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic side view of a corner region of the shut-tering member.
2o Fig. 6 shows a side view of a structural member constituted as a scaffold flooring.
Fig. 7 shows a view from below of the structural member according 25 to Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic, enlarged detail view of a fastening element, and Fig. 9 shows a schematic, enlarged detail view of a fastening element constituted as a securement against lifting.
A composite 11 is shown as a detail in Fig. 1, and Consists of three shuttering members 12, 13 which are associated by shuttering locks 19.
The shuttering member 12 has a shuttering height of 160 mm and a width io of 80 cm. The shuttering member 13 is constituted as a small version, with a shuttering height of 160 cm and a width of 40 cm. The shuttering member 12 has a structural frame 14 which runs around its periphery, and a vertical middle web 16. Horizontal transverse webs 17 extend in the regions between the vertical frame members of the structural frame 14 and the middle web 16. A rib structure 18 is provided in the regions enclosed between the middle web 16 and the transverse webs 17, and is constituted by two ribs situated in the diagonals of the regions. Further embodiments which make possible a stiffening of the regions are likewise conceivable.
For example, the height of the rib structure can decrease outward, seen a o from the surface midpoint of the shuttering panel 22.
The mutually adjacent vertical frame members of the structural frames 14 of the shuttering members 12, 13 are connected by shuttering locks 19, four of which are used here, for example. The shuttering member 13 has a structural frame 14 which runs around its periphery. Transverse a s webs 17 are formed between the vertical frame members of the structural frame 14, and are arranged at a regular mutual spacing. A rib structure 18 m ' CA 02258261 1998-12-21 is likewise provided between the transverse webs 17, and is constituted analogously to the shuttering element 12. 'The structural frames 14 of the shuttering members 1.2, 13 have an analogous structure with the same material with equal cross section. The shuttering member 12 is connected s to the shuttering member 13 by shuttering locks 19. These engage on the frame members of the structural frames 14 and fasten the two adjacent structural frames 14 together. Analogously, the two shuttering members 13 are fastened together, so that a wall of shuttering members can be formed by such an arrangement, the shuttering members 12, 13 being able io to be arranged horizontal and/or vertical to each other.
Anchor pockets 21 for the tension bars of shuttering anchors are provided in the regions of the shuttering member 12 between a frame member of the structural frame 14 and a rib structure 18. These anchor pockets 21 are advantageously arranged with respect to the regions of the 15 shuttering member 12 so as to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the shuttering member 12, so that it is not necessary to consider the alignment of the shuttering panel 12. This likewise holds for the shuttering panels 13.
A schematic cross section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 is shown in Fig.
20 2. The shuttering panel 12 is shown as an injection molded part, and has a frame member 23 of the structural frame 14 formed by a beam profile 27 with a partial injection molding of plastic around it. The frame member 23 is arranged substantially perpendicular to the shuttering panel 22. The rib structure 18 is arranged at a front side 24 of the shuttering panel 22, against 25 which concrete abuts when poured, in order to make possible a rigid constitution of the shuttering panel 22. The rib structure 18 runs diagonally toward the left in a corner region 26.
The frame member 23 has a system plane 28 along a cross sectional surface of the beam pr ofile 27. The beam profile 27 has a lower section 29 which does not have plastic injected around it, and an upper section with s plastic injection molded around it. The lower section 29 is constituted by an L -shaped foot 32, the horizontal section of which faces toward the middle of the shuttering member 12. This L-shaped foot 32 serves for secure arrangement and abutment of the shuttering member 12 on main and auxiliary beams of a frame for ceiling shutterings. The lower abutment 1 o surface 34 furthermore serves for the alignment of the shuttering member 12 with respect to a further shuttering member 12 or 13 with a shuttering lock 19. A vertical section 36 of the foot 32 is bounded by an end section 37. The end section 37 separates the lower section 29 having no plastic injected around it from the upper section 31 around which plastic has been is injection molded. 'This end section 37 also serves to close off the injection mold with respect to the foot 32, which projects from the injection mold.
The end section has a right-hand arm 38 which is constituted in an I,-shape.
Provided opposite this is a left-hand projection 39, the height of which corresponds substantially to the wall thickness with which polymer is 2o injected around the beam profile 27 toward the outer side. An inner side of the beam profile 27 is provided with a substantially smaller wall thickness than an outer side. The inner thickness of the plastic layer can be 1-2 mm, for example.
Upper and lower guide grooves 41, 42 have a U-shape and are as directed toward each other, adjoining the end section 37 with a spacing, following as viewed upward along the system plane 28. These guide grooves 41, 42 facing toward the middle of the shuttering member 12 serve to receive a corner connecting element 43, in order to fasten together two beam profiles 27 which are arranged at a right angle to each other. The corner connecting element 43 can be constituted as an angle with ecfual s arms, the free ends of which can be pushed into the guide grooves 41, 42.
The beam profiles 27 can thereby be mutually arrang~el to a beam pl°ofile frame 46 which forms the structural frame 74 after being at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic. The connection of the beam profiles 27 at the corners is to have a certain stiffness, but it should however also be io made possible for the thereby formed beam profile frame 46 to be embodied with resilience, to the extent that a slight alignment and arrangement is still possible on placing the beam profile frame 46 in an injection mold. The corner connecting element 43 can be connectable to the guide grooves 41., 42 by means of a clamp connection, latching connection, 15 snap connection or the like.
The guide grooves 41, 42 have plastic injected around them outside the corner region 26 and serve as a claw catch with the plastic. A better bonding between the plastic and the beam profile 27 can be given thereby.
An offset 47 is provided between the guide grooves 41, 42 and is provided a o for stiffening the beam profile 27. The beam profile 27 has a substantially constant cross section from the end section 37 as far as the end region 49.
The wall thickness is about 1.5 mm. Several bores (not shown) are provided in the longitudinal axis of the beam profile 27 in the region of the offset 47. The plastic can reach the inner side from the outer side of the 25 frame member 23 via the bores, and can completely surround the surface between the guide grooves 41, 42.
Two webs 51 arranged in a V-shape to each other are arranged along the system plane 28 above the guide groove 42 in the middle region 48 of the upper section 31, and face toward the middle of the shuttering member 12, with end sections 52 arranged at their free ends, substantially parallel to s the system plane 28. The lower web 51 is made larger than the upper web 51. The webs 51 are preferably provided at an angle of about 100° to each other. The lower web 51 is provided, for example, at an angle of about 25-45° to the system plane 28. The upper and lower web surfaces 51 are functional surfaces and also an external abutment surface 53 of the right-to hand arm 38 of the end section 37. These functional surfaces do not have plastic injection molded around them. The shuttering lock 19 engages on these surfaces 51, 53 and 54. A 5-point abutment can be given by this embodiment, with a claw of the shuttering lock 19 abutting at least on the lower web surface 51 and abutting with a projection in the root region of i5 the claw on the abutment surface 53 and simultaneously makes possible the alignment of the front side 24 of the shuttering skin 22 by two mutually arranged shuttering panels by means of the abutment surface 34. The result is thereby also that the end sections 52 and the abutment surface 53 are provided, running in a plane parallel to the system plane 28.
ao Polymer material is filled in between the wall section, which runs in the system plane 28, of the beam profile 27, and the lower web 51. This serves to support and stiffen the upper and lower webs 51, which are respectively arranged in V-shape to the wall section. The guide groove 52 also serves as reinforcement or stiffening of the lower ~nleb 57 .
A web 54 is provided, arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane 28 and facing outward, opposite to, and between, the upper m and lower webs 51. Seen in the longitudinal direction, the web 54 is formed with perforations. An end side 56 of the web 54 abuts a mold wall.
It is further provided that, when the injection mold is closed, the free end sections 52 abut on an opposing wall section, and can thereby insure that s the middle region 48 of the beam profile 27 can be fixed in correct position in the injection mold even under the influence of the high injection pressure.
A further offset 57 is provided between the webs 51 arranged in a V-shape and one end region 49, and again is arranged for stiffening. The end 1o region 49 has two profile webs 58, 59 which face mutually oppositely and which are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the system plane 28.
The left-hand profile web 58 forms a stiffening of an edge 61 which is formed between the frame member 23 and the front side 24 of the shuttering panel 22. An end face 62 of the profile web 58 borders directly 15 on an abutment face 63 of the projection 64. The height of the projection corresponds to the height, seen from the system plane 28, of a projection 66 which is arranged opposite the guide groove 41. A substantially linear contact can thus be attained between the upper and lower projections 64, 66 of one shuttering member 12 with the corresponding projections of the a o further shuttering member. Thus an abutment can be obtained which is insensitive to dirt, insuring that no seam can arise between the two edges 61 of the shuttering member 12.
Bores (not shown) are likewise formed in the region of the offset 57, so that an inner side of the beam profile 27 can have plastic injected around 25 1t. The profile web faces in the direction of the shuttering panel 22 and thus forms a secure transition for passing the concrete pressure from the shuttering panel 22 to the frame member 23 of the structural frame 14.
The beam profile 27 is constituted as an extruded profile and preferably consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, such as for example AIMgSio.S or titanium or titanium alloy. Furthermore, further light metals s and also metals can be used. Likewise, high strength plastics or fiber-reinforced plastics, for example, plastics reinforced with carbon/Kevlar (fiber), are possible for constituting beam profiles.
It can furthermore be provided that the wall thickness of the beam profile 27 can be increased in order to increase the stiffness. Alternatively, to it can likewise be provided that the beam profile 27 is constituted as a hollow profile body with one or more chambers, whereby a further increase in stiffness or torsional strength of a shuttering member 12 can be attained. The beam profile 27 can furthermore be preformed, preferably plastically preformed.
1 s A schematic partial section along the line III-III according to Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 3. The partial section shows the arrangement of the transverse web 17 with respect to the beam profile 27, and also its embodiment. According to the sectional diagram along the line IV-IV in Fig. 4, the transverse web 17 has a T-profile 67 which ends with a 2 o transverse web 68 at a lower end. The transverse web 17 is completely embedded in plastic. This T-profile 67 is likewise constituted as an extruded profile of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A projection 71 which is tapered with respect to the width of the T-profile 67 is formed at the end 69 facing toward the beam profile 27, and has at its free end two 25 lugs 72 and 73 which engage in a bore 74 of the beam profile 27. The bore 74 is provided in the region of the offset 47. For fixing, the lugs 72, 73 are bent in opposite directions (Fig. 5), whereby the transverse web 17 is fixed in its position relative to the beam profile 22. The transverse web 17 extends from the shuttering panel 22 to below the transverse web 68 of the T-profile 67.
s Several bores 76 are provided, seen in the longitudinal direction of the T-profile 67, so that a bridge or connection can be formed between a plastic wall formed left and right of the T-profile 67. The bores 76 are provided at regular spacings and mutually offset in a V-pattern.
Furthermore, two fingers 77 are provided at regular spacings, at an upper io edge region of the T-shaped profile, and are deflected in opposite directions out of the longitudinal plane of the T-profile 67. The maintenance of a spacing for the T-profile in the injection mold can thereby be produced. This can alternatively take place by setting a plastic clip or the like on a finger 77 of the T-profile 67.
i5 In the final state, the lug connection between the transverse web 17 and the beam profile 27 and also the transverse web 17 have plastic injection molded completely around them. Alternatively, simply and rapidly mounted connections are provided between the transverse web 17 and the beam profile 27.
a o The transverse webs 17 can furthermore have an opening which is constituted as a handle opening. Alternatively, it can be provided that a handle can be arranged in this opening, so as to provide for easy handling of the shuttering members 12, 13.
Fig. 6 shows a side view of a structural member constituted as a a s scaffold flooring 80. T'he scaffold flooring 80 has a structural frame 14 which carries the working surface 22 and which is arranged perpendicular ie to the working surface 22. The structural frame 14 constitutes frame members 23 which surround the working surface 22. The function and the structure of the scaffold flooring 80 as shown in Gigs. 6-9 corresponds to the shuttering members 12, 13.
s It is provided that fastening elements 83, 84 are installed on the narrow end sides 81, 82 in the scaffold flooring 80, in order to fasten the scaffold flooring 80 to a scaffold, preferably a frame scaffold. Such scaffolds are particularly used for plastering, painting, or the like of facades. The fastening elements 83 are constituted as suspension hooks as 1 o schematically shown in the enlarged side view of Fig. 8. The hooking member 83 is fastened to the beam profile 27, for example by welding, clamping, adhesion, or the like. The scaffold flooring 80 can be inserted in a simple manner from above in a horizontal pipe (not shown).
The beam profiles 27 in this embodiment are advantageously a s constituted as hollow chamber profiles. 'This can also be the case for the shuttering members 12, 13. The embedding with injected plastic can take place, in the arrangement as hollow chamber profiles, analogously to the arrangement according to the beam profiles 27 of the shuttering members 12, 13.
o The fastening element 84 on the narrow side 82 is preferably constituted as a securement against lifting, as shown enlarged in Fig. 9.
Increased safety during building operations can thereby be made possible.
For mounting the scaffold flooring 80, there first takes place a setting of the securement against lifting 84 on horizontal tubes of the scaffold, in order 25 then to lower the scaffold flooring into the horizontal plane, whereupon the fastening element 83 likewise engages a horizontal tube of the scaffold.
The lead-in slant 86 can preferably used for this.
It can alternatively be provided that hooking elements are provided as the fastening element 83 on both ends 81, 82 of the scaffold flooring 80.
Horizontal transverse webs 17 are provided for stiffening the scaffold s flooring 80, and are installed by means of a T-profile or other kind of profile if necessary. The beam profiles 27 have inclined surfaces 51 on their outer side. It can thereby be made possible that with several scaffold floorings arranged adjacent and parallel, a connection of the scaffold floorings 80 can be brought about by means of shuttering locks, so that a ~.o closed working surface 22 is constituted which can serve as a tread surface or storage surface.
It can furthermore be provided that the structural member in which the working surface 22 and the profile frame 14 are constituted integrally as an injection molded part is used as a working platform. The structural i5 frame 14 can then be modified, for example, such that receptacles are installed which facilitate the fitting of brackets. In addition, further possibilities of fastening can be provided on the structural frame 14, in order to install thereon a railing which preferably can fold down.
The structural member according to the invention thus offers a basic 2 o concept for numerous embodiments which can be used not only in building operations.
The structural member according to the invention is produced by the process which is described hereinafter. The beam profiles 27 are cut to the corresponding measurements for length and width. The beam profiles 27 2 s are assembled to a beam profile frame 46 by means of corner connecting elements 43. At the same time, transverse and middle webs 16, 17 are installed between the beam profiles 27 in dependence cm the constructional size. 'The beam profile frame 47 thus represents a relatively rigid frame which however is constituted to be slightly resilient ep r se. 'This beam profile frame 46 is placed in a mufti-part injection mold constituted with numerous gate valves. The injection mold is then closed, the end section 37 being arranged such that it forms a closure for the injection mold. A
thermoplastic is introduced into the injection mold under a high pressure of, for example, 300-500 bar, via one of more injection locations which are preferably provided at the intersection points of the rib structure 18 or the to middle and transverse webs 16, 17. The duration of injection for a shuttering member 13 of 160 cm by 40 cm takes about 6-8 seconds. After a small pressure equalization phase and a foaming of the plastic and a given cooling time, the finished shuttering member 12 can be taken from the injection mold.
1 s The beam profile 27 is advantageously coated with an adhesion primer before the introduction of the thermoplastic, so that an adhesion of the plastic to the beam profile 27 over the whole surface is made possible.
Polypropylene is preferably used for the pr oduction of the shuttering member 12, 13, and is preferably filled with a glass fiber fraction of 5-40%, 2o and furthermore is provided with a blowing agent which effects a foaming of preferably between 5 and 30%. Additives can also be admixed or applied as a cover layer, for example for UV resistance, for low water uptake, for good release from concrete, or the like. Alternatively, it can also be provided that polyamide or further thermoplastics can be used 2 s which have a high stiffness and low water uptake. The plastic is advantageously colored bright white to eggshell colors, so that the shuttering members 12, 13 take up no heat from solar radiation. It can alternatively be provided that the shuttering panel 22 has inlays for stiffening, which can preferably be given by metal or light metal inlay throughout or at least partially connectedly, or by a knitted or woven s fabric. Furthermore it can alternatively be provided that, after the beam profile frame 46 has been placed in the injection mold, a shuttering panel with a sandwich structure, having two metal inlays to stiffen it, is placed in the injection mold and (these are) connected together by the subsequent injection of plastic, to give a shuttering member 12, 13.
oo It can furthermore be provided that a coating is placed in the mold, so that the shuttering member 12, 13 is identifiable by the coating provided on the shuttering panel 22. Thus the shuttering panel 22 or the front side 24 can simultaneously serve as an advertising surface.
The middle web 16 can be constituted analogously to the cross i5 section 17. Likewise, an analogous fastening can be provided at its intersection points. The structure and the arrangement of the members 12, 13 described hereinabove is not limited only to shuttering members, but can be used for all further supporting systems in which the creep of the plastic represents a considerable obstacle which can be compensated for by 2 o means of metallic reinforcements or plastic reinforcements, such as for example by the beam profiles. Such supporting systems can be, for example, doors, cassettes, roof coverings, shaped parts in motor vehicle construction, roof panels and also emergency accommodations.
A shuttering unit with a shuttering panel of plastic for system shuttering used for erecting shuttering for concrete has become known from [European Patent] EP 0 637 A1. This shuttering unit has a structural frame constituted by frame members of hollow profile form. A shuttering panel which is foamed from PVC granulate by means of a foamable plastic is fastened to the structural frame by means of adhesion, for example, or in a conventional manner by riveting or screwing.
The necessity for foaming the PVC chips, requiring the addition of a binder, is disadvantageous in the case of this shuttering panel. Furthermore, the period of time for a complete foaming is also considerable. In addition, an expensive mounting of the shuttering panel on the structural frame is necessary. Furthermore, structural members are known, in particular scaffold floorings, which are used in working scaffolding.
These have a working surface which is made of wood. These working surfaces have, at least on the narrow side, two hook elements with which the scaffold floorings are mounted on the scaffolds. The wooden working surface likewise has the above-mentioned disadvantages.
The invention therefore has as its object to provide a structural member which makes possible a simplification of its production, and which can nevertheless take up the loads corresponding to its end use, and also corresponds in large degree to the method of building heretofore.
The invention furthermore has as its object to provide a process for the production of a structural member which enables the structural member according to the invention to be produced rapidly and inexpensively.
These objects are attained by the present invention, which in a' broad aspect relate to a structural member with a working surface (22) and a profile frame ( 14) which supports the working surface (22), and which is arranged perpendicular to the working surface (22) and which has frame members (23) forming a profile frame (14), constituted of beam profiles (27) which are at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic; wherein the frame member (23) has an upper section (31), injection molded around the beam profile (27), immediately adjoining the working surface (22), having interally at least one free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27), and having a lower section (29); the said lower section (29), not being embedded in injection molded plastic, has an abutment surface (34) which is arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane (28) and which has, extending along the system plane (28), a foot (28) of the lower section (29) which is not embedded in injection molded plastic, characterized in that the working surfaces (22) and the frame members (23) are constituted integrally as injection molded parts, and the free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27) is arranged at an angle to the system plane (28) of the frame member (23).
In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a process for the production of a structural member (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 59, characterized in that at one beam profile (27) and at least one transverse web (17) are cut to size; the beam profiles (27) and the transverse webs (17) arranged thereon are placed in an injection mold; and in one injection process an element (12) with a shuttering panel (22) and a structural frame ( 14) running around on the outside and having frame members (23) running perpendicular to the shuttering panel (22) and constituted by means of beam profiles (27) which are partially embedded in injection molded plastic.
The embodiment according to the invention of a structural member as a injection molded part has the advantage that a smaller working time is required for its production, so that high labor costs and incidental labor costs can be saved.
This embodiment, particularly for a structural member for wall and floor shuttering and scaffold floorings, furthermore has the advantage that a galvanic pretreatment can be dispensed with, in contrast to the heretofore known profile frames of aluminum or steel. Likewise the expensive coating of such profile frames for use appropriate to a building site can be omitted.
The structural member has the further advantage that the working surface or shuttering panel can be made free from splinters and insensitive to impact, because of the use of a polymer material. The load carrying capacity can remain maintained thereby. The use of polymer materials for the member furthermore leads to a long life being conferred. The polymer materials are more weather resistant and easier to clean than are wood or wooden multilayer panels. For example, the shuttering panel can be easily and quickly cleaned with a steam jet cleaner. The panel is made relatively thin and has practically no thermal inertia. This has the result that, for 2a FEB. 3.1999 4:07PM MOFFRT MRCERR 613 235 2508 N0.252 P.4 example when the buttering panel is sprayed with a steam jet c leaner, differences in longi dinal extension arise between the concrete Layer and the plas kit, so that a concrete layer comes off from the shutteri ng panel and the connection immediately released. The use of suitable polymer rnateriaJ.s for the s ctural member leads to a smaller adhesion c ~f neat cement, and the use of parting agents can therefore be dispensec, with.
Such a strut al member embodied as an injection molded part has the further advanta a that a fuxther weight reduction by about 1 ~% to 20%
' can be attained wi the same dimensions, in contrast to the herf ~tofore known :structural m tubers consisting of a metallic profile frame and a multilayer panel of xpensive plywood.
Such a structural member embodied as an injection molded part has the further advantage that a further weight reduction by about 10% to 20%
can be attained with the same dimensions, in contrast to the heretofore known structural members consisting of a metallic profile frame and a s multilayer panel of expensive plywood. 1-landier working, and hence quicker working, can be made possible thereby. This weight reduction is advantageously not at the expense of an increasing concrete pressure or loading, so that just as in the known method of constructing the structural member with a metallic profile frame, for example for shuttering elements, io a concrete pressure of up to 60 kN/m'- can be taken up.
The above advantages likewise appear for a structural member which is embodied as a scaffold flooring.
Furthermore, these advantages also result for further structural members which have a working surface and a profile frame, so that i s additional components can also be provided which are required for special uses.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the profile frame is formed by frame members m~hich consist at least partially of beam profiles with plastic injected around them.
~o Several elements for a wall shuttering can thereby be securely connected together. These beam profiles can furthermore effect an increase in the rigidity of the members, so that the member is stable against warping and is robust for use on a building site. In particular, the free ends of the profile frame are constituted by an impact resistant polymer material 2 s which is insensitive to shocks.
These beam profiles furthermore have the advantage that when used for ceiling shuttering they can be suspended on a drop head or support head and also main and/or auxiliary beams. 'These beam profiles, advantageously constituted from an aluminum alloy, leave the further advantage that the member is insensitive to creep. The polymer materials s in general have a very high creep number and have practically no effect in reducing creep stresses. Metals and synthetic resins leave a very low creep number, so that creep can be nearly prevented because of the preferred reinforcement which is given by the beam profile. 'thus efficient members are constituted which have practically no distortion, even after long use.
to The embodiment of a profile frame with a beam profile furthermore has the advantage that such shuttering members can be fully recyclable.
Members for which, because of the use of a thermoplastic polymer material a repair no longer appears worth the labor, can be recycled. The beam profiles are operated as an electrical resistance, so that they heat up very i5 strongly and the plastic can be released from the beam profiles. About 90%
of the fraction of the beam profile can be released from the plastic by this separation process. The plastic and the fractions of the beam profile only partially still contained therein can be shredded and milled, so that after working up this waste it can be re-used for a member or further metal-2o plastic structural members for use in the building industry, for example for shuttering panels for ceiling shutterings.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the beam profiles extend along the side surfaces of the profile frame and can be connected together into a beam profile frame by at 25 least one connecting element, such as for example a corner connecting element. The beam profiles can thereby be pre-fixed to each other and securely arranged in an injection mold, so that a positional displacement within the mold due to the high injection pressures can be prevented.
Simultaneously, the rigidity of the profile frame can be increased by means of this corner connection, so that again, the rigidity of connection and also s the taking up of the concrete pressure can be increased.
According to an further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that in the case of small members, transverse webs are regularly, mutually spaced apart over the length, and can likewise by prefixed to the beam profiles, for example by means of a cramping. For io wider members, middle webs can in addition be provided to the beam profiles arranged parallel to the long sides, and can likewise be prefixed to the beam profiles arranged at the ends by means of a cramping, for example. A further stiffening of the profile frame can be attained by means of this embodiment. By the use of profile elements for the transverse i s and/ or middle webs; these can be constituted with a smaller wall thickness than the transverse or middle webs constituted of plastic, so that a weight reduction can thereby be attained, with a simultaneous increase of the rigidity of the profile frame.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it a o is provided that the frame member includes a beam profile which is partially embedded by injection molding, and which has an abutment surface arranged free at an angle to the principal axis of the frame member and has at the free end of the frame member a further internal abutment surface which is not embedded, and a foot, which is not embedded and a s extends along the principal axis. The remaining portions of the beam profile are substantially embedded by injection molding. These abutment surfaces which are not embedded serve for the arrangement of a shuttering lock in order to connect one or more members together. A claw of the shuttering lock can engage on the abutment surface arranged at an angle to the principal axis of the frame member. The further, inward-facing s abutment surface at the end of the frame member can serve for the abutment of a projection in the root region of the cla~n~. The foot which extends free along the principal axis of the frame member makes it possible for the shuttering lock to be braced toward the first abutment surface, so that an alignment of the two elements is possible. This embodiment of the to abutment surfaces which are not embedded by injection molding advantageously makes possible a 5-point abutment of the shuttering lock, whereby the concrete pressure of up to 60 kN/m'- can be taken up. At the least, a 3-point abutment is insured, so that a lining up and alignment of the members is made possible.
i 5 Furthermore a beam profile is provided according to the invention for the formation of a profile frame of a member for wall and ceiling shutterings, and stiffens the profile frame and makes possible, with a lower, L-shaped foot, a secure reception on main and auxiliary beams, drop heads or support heads. At the same time, an insensitive termination is a o given by the lower foot. Furthermore, the beam profile has the advantage that an end section is provided on the upper, vertical section of the foot, and can be constituted such that this end section forms a sealed closure in an injection mold, so that the adjoining upper portion of the beam profile can be at least partially embedded by injection molding.
25 According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a claw catch adjoins the end section in the upper section of the beam profile. This has the advantage that a simple arrangement of the corner connecting elements can be provided. These can for example be constituted as a plug connection, which makes possible a secure prefixing of the beam profiles to a beam profile frame.
s According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that two webs arranged substantially in a V-shape to each other are provided in the middle region of the upper section, and serve for the abutment of the free claw ends of a shuttering lock.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it i o is provided that the webs extending left and right of the system plane, the profile webs, V-shaped webs, and the end section, respectively form an abutment surface or support surface in the injection mold. It can thereby be insured that the beam profiles maintain their position in the injection mold during the injection molding process and cannot undergo a i5 disorientation under the influence of the high injection pressure.
According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the member has a prestress which to the greatest possible extent neutralizes the loading provided. There thereby still remain sufficient reserves for the members in order to exhibit the requisite safety and solidity in limit a o loading cases.
The beam profiles are advantageously positioned, plastically and/or elastically preformed in the mold, during the injection of plastic.
It can also be provided that the beam profiles are plastically preformed, preferably in the direction of the principal axis, and are then 25 placed individually or as a frame into the mold. Alternatively, the beam profile or the frame composed thereby is positioned undeformed in the mold and is deformed by means of a mold control before and/or during the injection molding process. Thus an element can be constituted which has a surface midpoint of the shuttering panel which is at least partially raised with respect to the edge zones. Alternatively, other dome-shaped or s curved constitutions of the shuttering panel can be provided according to the specific cases of application and use.
The advantageous embodiments are likewise also applicable, insofar as transferable, for example, for a scaffold flooring, a work platform, to which brackets can be attached, or further structural members which build io onto or attach to the structural member according to the invention.
The process for the production of a member for wall and ceiling shutterings has the advantage that an expensive pretreatment and subsequent coating of the profile frame can be saved. Furthermore, by the production of the member in an injection molding process, a considerable i5 number of work steps can be saved such as, for example, the application of a silicone seal in the shuttering frame for receiving a multilayer panel. A
considerable cost saving can thereby accrue. At the same time, the production rate can be substantially increased by the production of the member as an injection molded part.
a o According to a further advantageous embodiment of the process, it is provided that a prefinished shuttering panel, which preferably has a sandwich structure with stiffenings, is placed in the injection mold. The injection molding process can thereby be shortened, and at the same time a firm bonding into an integral member is made possible by the embedding 25 Of the inserted parts, such as, for example, a shuttering panel and a beam profile frame, by injection molding.
Further advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are given in the description, the patent claims, and the accompanying drawing.
A preferred embodiment is shown in the drawing.
Fig. 1 shows a shuttering consisting of a composite of two shuttering members with shuttering locks.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view along the line II-II in I~ig. 1, io with a schematic representation of a beam profile.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic partial section along the line III-III in Fig. 1, with a schematic partial section of a transverse web.
l s Fig. 4 shows a section of a transverse web along the line IV-IV in Fig.
3.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic side view of a corner region of the shut-tering member.
2o Fig. 6 shows a side view of a structural member constituted as a scaffold flooring.
Fig. 7 shows a view from below of the structural member according 25 to Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic, enlarged detail view of a fastening element, and Fig. 9 shows a schematic, enlarged detail view of a fastening element constituted as a securement against lifting.
A composite 11 is shown as a detail in Fig. 1, and Consists of three shuttering members 12, 13 which are associated by shuttering locks 19.
The shuttering member 12 has a shuttering height of 160 mm and a width io of 80 cm. The shuttering member 13 is constituted as a small version, with a shuttering height of 160 cm and a width of 40 cm. The shuttering member 12 has a structural frame 14 which runs around its periphery, and a vertical middle web 16. Horizontal transverse webs 17 extend in the regions between the vertical frame members of the structural frame 14 and the middle web 16. A rib structure 18 is provided in the regions enclosed between the middle web 16 and the transverse webs 17, and is constituted by two ribs situated in the diagonals of the regions. Further embodiments which make possible a stiffening of the regions are likewise conceivable.
For example, the height of the rib structure can decrease outward, seen a o from the surface midpoint of the shuttering panel 22.
The mutually adjacent vertical frame members of the structural frames 14 of the shuttering members 12, 13 are connected by shuttering locks 19, four of which are used here, for example. The shuttering member 13 has a structural frame 14 which runs around its periphery. Transverse a s webs 17 are formed between the vertical frame members of the structural frame 14, and are arranged at a regular mutual spacing. A rib structure 18 m ' CA 02258261 1998-12-21 is likewise provided between the transverse webs 17, and is constituted analogously to the shuttering element 12. 'The structural frames 14 of the shuttering members 1.2, 13 have an analogous structure with the same material with equal cross section. The shuttering member 12 is connected s to the shuttering member 13 by shuttering locks 19. These engage on the frame members of the structural frames 14 and fasten the two adjacent structural frames 14 together. Analogously, the two shuttering members 13 are fastened together, so that a wall of shuttering members can be formed by such an arrangement, the shuttering members 12, 13 being able io to be arranged horizontal and/or vertical to each other.
Anchor pockets 21 for the tension bars of shuttering anchors are provided in the regions of the shuttering member 12 between a frame member of the structural frame 14 and a rib structure 18. These anchor pockets 21 are advantageously arranged with respect to the regions of the 15 shuttering member 12 so as to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the shuttering member 12, so that it is not necessary to consider the alignment of the shuttering panel 12. This likewise holds for the shuttering panels 13.
A schematic cross section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 is shown in Fig.
20 2. The shuttering panel 12 is shown as an injection molded part, and has a frame member 23 of the structural frame 14 formed by a beam profile 27 with a partial injection molding of plastic around it. The frame member 23 is arranged substantially perpendicular to the shuttering panel 22. The rib structure 18 is arranged at a front side 24 of the shuttering panel 22, against 25 which concrete abuts when poured, in order to make possible a rigid constitution of the shuttering panel 22. The rib structure 18 runs diagonally toward the left in a corner region 26.
The frame member 23 has a system plane 28 along a cross sectional surface of the beam pr ofile 27. The beam profile 27 has a lower section 29 which does not have plastic injected around it, and an upper section with s plastic injection molded around it. The lower section 29 is constituted by an L -shaped foot 32, the horizontal section of which faces toward the middle of the shuttering member 12. This L-shaped foot 32 serves for secure arrangement and abutment of the shuttering member 12 on main and auxiliary beams of a frame for ceiling shutterings. The lower abutment 1 o surface 34 furthermore serves for the alignment of the shuttering member 12 with respect to a further shuttering member 12 or 13 with a shuttering lock 19. A vertical section 36 of the foot 32 is bounded by an end section 37. The end section 37 separates the lower section 29 having no plastic injected around it from the upper section 31 around which plastic has been is injection molded. 'This end section 37 also serves to close off the injection mold with respect to the foot 32, which projects from the injection mold.
The end section has a right-hand arm 38 which is constituted in an I,-shape.
Provided opposite this is a left-hand projection 39, the height of which corresponds substantially to the wall thickness with which polymer is 2o injected around the beam profile 27 toward the outer side. An inner side of the beam profile 27 is provided with a substantially smaller wall thickness than an outer side. The inner thickness of the plastic layer can be 1-2 mm, for example.
Upper and lower guide grooves 41, 42 have a U-shape and are as directed toward each other, adjoining the end section 37 with a spacing, following as viewed upward along the system plane 28. These guide grooves 41, 42 facing toward the middle of the shuttering member 12 serve to receive a corner connecting element 43, in order to fasten together two beam profiles 27 which are arranged at a right angle to each other. The corner connecting element 43 can be constituted as an angle with ecfual s arms, the free ends of which can be pushed into the guide grooves 41, 42.
The beam profiles 27 can thereby be mutually arrang~el to a beam pl°ofile frame 46 which forms the structural frame 74 after being at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic. The connection of the beam profiles 27 at the corners is to have a certain stiffness, but it should however also be io made possible for the thereby formed beam profile frame 46 to be embodied with resilience, to the extent that a slight alignment and arrangement is still possible on placing the beam profile frame 46 in an injection mold. The corner connecting element 43 can be connectable to the guide grooves 41., 42 by means of a clamp connection, latching connection, 15 snap connection or the like.
The guide grooves 41, 42 have plastic injected around them outside the corner region 26 and serve as a claw catch with the plastic. A better bonding between the plastic and the beam profile 27 can be given thereby.
An offset 47 is provided between the guide grooves 41, 42 and is provided a o for stiffening the beam profile 27. The beam profile 27 has a substantially constant cross section from the end section 37 as far as the end region 49.
The wall thickness is about 1.5 mm. Several bores (not shown) are provided in the longitudinal axis of the beam profile 27 in the region of the offset 47. The plastic can reach the inner side from the outer side of the 25 frame member 23 via the bores, and can completely surround the surface between the guide grooves 41, 42.
Two webs 51 arranged in a V-shape to each other are arranged along the system plane 28 above the guide groove 42 in the middle region 48 of the upper section 31, and face toward the middle of the shuttering member 12, with end sections 52 arranged at their free ends, substantially parallel to s the system plane 28. The lower web 51 is made larger than the upper web 51. The webs 51 are preferably provided at an angle of about 100° to each other. The lower web 51 is provided, for example, at an angle of about 25-45° to the system plane 28. The upper and lower web surfaces 51 are functional surfaces and also an external abutment surface 53 of the right-to hand arm 38 of the end section 37. These functional surfaces do not have plastic injection molded around them. The shuttering lock 19 engages on these surfaces 51, 53 and 54. A 5-point abutment can be given by this embodiment, with a claw of the shuttering lock 19 abutting at least on the lower web surface 51 and abutting with a projection in the root region of i5 the claw on the abutment surface 53 and simultaneously makes possible the alignment of the front side 24 of the shuttering skin 22 by two mutually arranged shuttering panels by means of the abutment surface 34. The result is thereby also that the end sections 52 and the abutment surface 53 are provided, running in a plane parallel to the system plane 28.
ao Polymer material is filled in between the wall section, which runs in the system plane 28, of the beam profile 27, and the lower web 51. This serves to support and stiffen the upper and lower webs 51, which are respectively arranged in V-shape to the wall section. The guide groove 52 also serves as reinforcement or stiffening of the lower ~nleb 57 .
A web 54 is provided, arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane 28 and facing outward, opposite to, and between, the upper m and lower webs 51. Seen in the longitudinal direction, the web 54 is formed with perforations. An end side 56 of the web 54 abuts a mold wall.
It is further provided that, when the injection mold is closed, the free end sections 52 abut on an opposing wall section, and can thereby insure that s the middle region 48 of the beam profile 27 can be fixed in correct position in the injection mold even under the influence of the high injection pressure.
A further offset 57 is provided between the webs 51 arranged in a V-shape and one end region 49, and again is arranged for stiffening. The end 1o region 49 has two profile webs 58, 59 which face mutually oppositely and which are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the system plane 28.
The left-hand profile web 58 forms a stiffening of an edge 61 which is formed between the frame member 23 and the front side 24 of the shuttering panel 22. An end face 62 of the profile web 58 borders directly 15 on an abutment face 63 of the projection 64. The height of the projection corresponds to the height, seen from the system plane 28, of a projection 66 which is arranged opposite the guide groove 41. A substantially linear contact can thus be attained between the upper and lower projections 64, 66 of one shuttering member 12 with the corresponding projections of the a o further shuttering member. Thus an abutment can be obtained which is insensitive to dirt, insuring that no seam can arise between the two edges 61 of the shuttering member 12.
Bores (not shown) are likewise formed in the region of the offset 57, so that an inner side of the beam profile 27 can have plastic injected around 25 1t. The profile web faces in the direction of the shuttering panel 22 and thus forms a secure transition for passing the concrete pressure from the shuttering panel 22 to the frame member 23 of the structural frame 14.
The beam profile 27 is constituted as an extruded profile and preferably consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, such as for example AIMgSio.S or titanium or titanium alloy. Furthermore, further light metals s and also metals can be used. Likewise, high strength plastics or fiber-reinforced plastics, for example, plastics reinforced with carbon/Kevlar (fiber), are possible for constituting beam profiles.
It can furthermore be provided that the wall thickness of the beam profile 27 can be increased in order to increase the stiffness. Alternatively, to it can likewise be provided that the beam profile 27 is constituted as a hollow profile body with one or more chambers, whereby a further increase in stiffness or torsional strength of a shuttering member 12 can be attained. The beam profile 27 can furthermore be preformed, preferably plastically preformed.
1 s A schematic partial section along the line III-III according to Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 3. The partial section shows the arrangement of the transverse web 17 with respect to the beam profile 27, and also its embodiment. According to the sectional diagram along the line IV-IV in Fig. 4, the transverse web 17 has a T-profile 67 which ends with a 2 o transverse web 68 at a lower end. The transverse web 17 is completely embedded in plastic. This T-profile 67 is likewise constituted as an extruded profile of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A projection 71 which is tapered with respect to the width of the T-profile 67 is formed at the end 69 facing toward the beam profile 27, and has at its free end two 25 lugs 72 and 73 which engage in a bore 74 of the beam profile 27. The bore 74 is provided in the region of the offset 47. For fixing, the lugs 72, 73 are bent in opposite directions (Fig. 5), whereby the transverse web 17 is fixed in its position relative to the beam profile 22. The transverse web 17 extends from the shuttering panel 22 to below the transverse web 68 of the T-profile 67.
s Several bores 76 are provided, seen in the longitudinal direction of the T-profile 67, so that a bridge or connection can be formed between a plastic wall formed left and right of the T-profile 67. The bores 76 are provided at regular spacings and mutually offset in a V-pattern.
Furthermore, two fingers 77 are provided at regular spacings, at an upper io edge region of the T-shaped profile, and are deflected in opposite directions out of the longitudinal plane of the T-profile 67. The maintenance of a spacing for the T-profile in the injection mold can thereby be produced. This can alternatively take place by setting a plastic clip or the like on a finger 77 of the T-profile 67.
i5 In the final state, the lug connection between the transverse web 17 and the beam profile 27 and also the transverse web 17 have plastic injection molded completely around them. Alternatively, simply and rapidly mounted connections are provided between the transverse web 17 and the beam profile 27.
a o The transverse webs 17 can furthermore have an opening which is constituted as a handle opening. Alternatively, it can be provided that a handle can be arranged in this opening, so as to provide for easy handling of the shuttering members 12, 13.
Fig. 6 shows a side view of a structural member constituted as a a s scaffold flooring 80. T'he scaffold flooring 80 has a structural frame 14 which carries the working surface 22 and which is arranged perpendicular ie to the working surface 22. The structural frame 14 constitutes frame members 23 which surround the working surface 22. The function and the structure of the scaffold flooring 80 as shown in Gigs. 6-9 corresponds to the shuttering members 12, 13.
s It is provided that fastening elements 83, 84 are installed on the narrow end sides 81, 82 in the scaffold flooring 80, in order to fasten the scaffold flooring 80 to a scaffold, preferably a frame scaffold. Such scaffolds are particularly used for plastering, painting, or the like of facades. The fastening elements 83 are constituted as suspension hooks as 1 o schematically shown in the enlarged side view of Fig. 8. The hooking member 83 is fastened to the beam profile 27, for example by welding, clamping, adhesion, or the like. The scaffold flooring 80 can be inserted in a simple manner from above in a horizontal pipe (not shown).
The beam profiles 27 in this embodiment are advantageously a s constituted as hollow chamber profiles. 'This can also be the case for the shuttering members 12, 13. The embedding with injected plastic can take place, in the arrangement as hollow chamber profiles, analogously to the arrangement according to the beam profiles 27 of the shuttering members 12, 13.
o The fastening element 84 on the narrow side 82 is preferably constituted as a securement against lifting, as shown enlarged in Fig. 9.
Increased safety during building operations can thereby be made possible.
For mounting the scaffold flooring 80, there first takes place a setting of the securement against lifting 84 on horizontal tubes of the scaffold, in order 25 then to lower the scaffold flooring into the horizontal plane, whereupon the fastening element 83 likewise engages a horizontal tube of the scaffold.
The lead-in slant 86 can preferably used for this.
It can alternatively be provided that hooking elements are provided as the fastening element 83 on both ends 81, 82 of the scaffold flooring 80.
Horizontal transverse webs 17 are provided for stiffening the scaffold s flooring 80, and are installed by means of a T-profile or other kind of profile if necessary. The beam profiles 27 have inclined surfaces 51 on their outer side. It can thereby be made possible that with several scaffold floorings arranged adjacent and parallel, a connection of the scaffold floorings 80 can be brought about by means of shuttering locks, so that a ~.o closed working surface 22 is constituted which can serve as a tread surface or storage surface.
It can furthermore be provided that the structural member in which the working surface 22 and the profile frame 14 are constituted integrally as an injection molded part is used as a working platform. The structural i5 frame 14 can then be modified, for example, such that receptacles are installed which facilitate the fitting of brackets. In addition, further possibilities of fastening can be provided on the structural frame 14, in order to install thereon a railing which preferably can fold down.
The structural member according to the invention thus offers a basic 2 o concept for numerous embodiments which can be used not only in building operations.
The structural member according to the invention is produced by the process which is described hereinafter. The beam profiles 27 are cut to the corresponding measurements for length and width. The beam profiles 27 2 s are assembled to a beam profile frame 46 by means of corner connecting elements 43. At the same time, transverse and middle webs 16, 17 are installed between the beam profiles 27 in dependence cm the constructional size. 'The beam profile frame 47 thus represents a relatively rigid frame which however is constituted to be slightly resilient ep r se. 'This beam profile frame 46 is placed in a mufti-part injection mold constituted with numerous gate valves. The injection mold is then closed, the end section 37 being arranged such that it forms a closure for the injection mold. A
thermoplastic is introduced into the injection mold under a high pressure of, for example, 300-500 bar, via one of more injection locations which are preferably provided at the intersection points of the rib structure 18 or the to middle and transverse webs 16, 17. The duration of injection for a shuttering member 13 of 160 cm by 40 cm takes about 6-8 seconds. After a small pressure equalization phase and a foaming of the plastic and a given cooling time, the finished shuttering member 12 can be taken from the injection mold.
1 s The beam profile 27 is advantageously coated with an adhesion primer before the introduction of the thermoplastic, so that an adhesion of the plastic to the beam profile 27 over the whole surface is made possible.
Polypropylene is preferably used for the pr oduction of the shuttering member 12, 13, and is preferably filled with a glass fiber fraction of 5-40%, 2o and furthermore is provided with a blowing agent which effects a foaming of preferably between 5 and 30%. Additives can also be admixed or applied as a cover layer, for example for UV resistance, for low water uptake, for good release from concrete, or the like. Alternatively, it can also be provided that polyamide or further thermoplastics can be used 2 s which have a high stiffness and low water uptake. The plastic is advantageously colored bright white to eggshell colors, so that the shuttering members 12, 13 take up no heat from solar radiation. It can alternatively be provided that the shuttering panel 22 has inlays for stiffening, which can preferably be given by metal or light metal inlay throughout or at least partially connectedly, or by a knitted or woven s fabric. Furthermore it can alternatively be provided that, after the beam profile frame 46 has been placed in the injection mold, a shuttering panel with a sandwich structure, having two metal inlays to stiffen it, is placed in the injection mold and (these are) connected together by the subsequent injection of plastic, to give a shuttering member 12, 13.
oo It can furthermore be provided that a coating is placed in the mold, so that the shuttering member 12, 13 is identifiable by the coating provided on the shuttering panel 22. Thus the shuttering panel 22 or the front side 24 can simultaneously serve as an advertising surface.
The middle web 16 can be constituted analogously to the cross i5 section 17. Likewise, an analogous fastening can be provided at its intersection points. The structure and the arrangement of the members 12, 13 described hereinabove is not limited only to shuttering members, but can be used for all further supporting systems in which the creep of the plastic represents a considerable obstacle which can be compensated for by 2 o means of metallic reinforcements or plastic reinforcements, such as for example by the beam profiles. Such supporting systems can be, for example, doors, cassettes, roof coverings, shaped parts in motor vehicle construction, roof panels and also emergency accommodations.
Claims (66)
1. Structural member with a working surface (22) and a profile frame (14) which supports the working surface (22), and which is arranged perpendicular to the working surface (22) and which has frame members (23) forming a profile frame (14), constituted of beam profiles (27) which are at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic; wherein the frame member (23) has an upper section (31), injection molded around the beam profile (27), immediately adjoining the working surface (22), having interally at least one free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27), and having a lower section (29); the said lower section (29), not being embedded in injection molded plastic, has an abutment surface (34) which is arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane (28) and which has, extending along the system plane (28), a foot of the lower section (29) which is not embedded in injection molded plastic, characterized in that the working surfaces (22) and the frame members (23) are constituted integrally as injection molded parts, and the free abutment surface (50) of the beam profile (27) is arranged at an angle to the system plane (28) of the frame member (23).
2. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface (22) is a shuttering panel and the structural member is provided as a shuttering panel for a wall shuttering and ceiling shuttering.
3. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface (22) is constituted as a tread surface and the structural member is provided as a scaffold flooring for scaffolds, preferably frame scaffolds.
4. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam profile (27) and the plastic portion of the working surface (22) and structural frame (14) have substantially the same load bearing capacity fraction.
5. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the load bearing capacity amounts to up to about 60 kN/m2.
6. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower section (29) is constituted as an L-shaped foot (32).
7. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame member (23) has on its outer surface two abutment surfaces (62, 65) which stand out opposite a side wall and which form an abutment surface for a further frame member (23) when building a ceiling or wall shuttering.
8. Structural member according to claim 7, characterized in that the first abutment surface (62) adjoins an edge (61) bounding the shuttering panel (22) and the second abutment surface (65) is formed by a projection (66) which is arranged near the lower section (29).
9. Structural member according to claim 8, characterized in that the first and second abutment surfaces (62, 65) have substantially two webs (51, 52), preferably mutually arranged in a V-shape, for the reception of a claw of a shuttering lock (19) in the middle region of the frame member (23).
10. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that middle webs (16) and/or transverse webs (17) are provided between the frame members (23) and are constituted by a profile (67) which is embedded in injection molded plastic.
11. Structural member according to claim 10, characterized in that the profile (67) which is embedded in injection molded plastic is T-shaped.
12. Structural member according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the profile (67) has at its free ends (69) a projection (71) on which means (72, 73) for connection to a beam profile (27) can be arranged.
13. Structural member according to claim 12, characterized in that the connecting elements (72, 73) are constituted as lugs which engage in a bore (74) of the beam profile (27) and are bent around opposite to each other.
14. Structural member according to claim 13, characterized in that a rib structure (18) is provided between the middle webs (16) and/or transverse webs (17) and is constituted of plastic.
15. Structural member according to claim 14, characterized in that the rib structure (18) runs in a star shape to intersection points between the middle web (16) and transverse web (17) or at the rib structure (18) runs along diagonals between middle webs (16) and the frame member (23) or in a honeycomb form or in a polygonal form.
16. Structural member according to claim 15, characterized in that an anchor pocket (21) to receive anchor bars is constituted between the frame member (23) and the rib structure (18).
17. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam profiles (27) extend along the frame members (23) of the profile frame (14).
18. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that a further internal abutment surface (53) is provided at the free end of the frame member (23).
19. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam profiles (27) can be connected together with at least one corner connecting element (43) to give a beam profile frame (46).
20. Structural member according to claim 19, characterized in that the beam profile (27) and the corner connecting element (43) can be connected together by means of a plug connection, a clamp connection, and/or a latch connection.
21. Structural member according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the corner connecting element (43) can be inserted in a claw catch, formed by guide grooves (41, 42), of the beam profile (27).
22. Structural member according to claim 14, characterized in that the middle and transverse webs (16, 17) are constituted wider in contrast to a rib structure (18) arranged between them.
23. Structural member according to claim 14, characterized in that the middle and transverse webs (16, 17) are constituted with different widths, the transverse webs (17) preferably being constituted wider than the middle webs (16).
24. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that a wall thickness of the working surface (22) is constituted to be greater or equal to the thickness of the middle and/or transverse webs (16,17) and/or the rib structure (18).
25. Structural member according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that an opening is provided on a middle web (16) and/or transverse web (17), and is constituted as a handle, or a handle is insertable in it.
26. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that an impact resistant polymer material, preferably polypropylene or polyamide, is used.
27. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that a polymer material is filled with a glass fiber fraction of at least 5%.
28. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that a polymer material is foamed to an extent of at least 5%.
29. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that a polymer material is filled or coated with weather resistant, UV resistant, and/or concrete deflecting additives.
30. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that a polymer material is colored white to eggshell color.
31. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam profile (27) runs along a cross sectional surface of the beam profile (27) of a system plane (28), and has an upper section (31) around which plastic can be injection molded, with sections (38, 39, 41, 42, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59) and a lower section (29), which is not embedded in injection molded plastic, with a foot (32).
32. Structural member according to claim 31, characterized in that the lower and upper sections (29, 31), are separated by an end section (37).
33. Structural member according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the foot (32) is L-shaped and has an abutment surface (34) on its underside.
34. Structural member according to claim 32, characterized in that the end section (37) has a right arm (38) which is constituted L-shaped and has an abutment surface (53) which runs parallel to the system plane (28).
35. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-24, characterized in that the end section (37) has a left projection (39) whose height substantially corresponds to the outwardly situated wall thickness consisting of plastic of a frame member (23).
36. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-35, characterized in that a lower and an upper guide groove (41, 42) are provided above the end section (37).
37. Structural member according to claim 36, characterized in that an offset (47) is provided between the lower and upper guide grooves (41, 42).
38. Structural member according to claim 37, characterized in that it has bores, which are preferably regularly spaced apart from each other, along the offset section (47).
39. Structural member according to any one of claims 32-38, characterized in that two webs (51) which are substantially arranged mutually in a V-shape form a reinforcing crease in the middle region (48) of the upper section (31), and the webs (51) having end sections (52) running substantially parallel to the system plane (28).
40. Structural member according to claim 39, characterized in that a web (54) running substantially at right angles to the system plane (28) is arranged opposite a base formed by two webs (51) arranged mutually in a V-shape.
41. Structural member according to claim 40, characterized in that the web (54) is sectionally interrupted seen in the longitudinal direction.
42. Structural member according to any one of claims 33-41, characterized in that an offset (57) is formed between the middle section (48) and an end region (49) of the upper section (31), and preferably has bores which are regularly spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction.
43. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-42, characterized in that the upper section (31) has an end region (49) with at least two profile webs (58,59) which face in opposite directions and which are arranged substantially at right angles to the system plane (28).
44. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-43, characterized in that the webs (38, 39, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59) which extend left and right of the system plane (28) end in a respective plane parallel to the system plane (28).
45. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-44, characterized in that the end section (37) and end region (49) have a thickening.
46. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-45, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is an extruded profile.
47. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-45, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is a rolled profile.
48. Structural member according to claim 46, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is constituted of light metal, preferably of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
49. Structural member according to claim 47, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is comprised of metal.
50. Structural member according to any one of claims 31-45, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is of plastic, preferably of reinforced plastic.
51. Structural member according to claim 50, characterized in that a fiber reinforced or fabric reinforced plastic is provided.
52. Structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 51, characterized in that at least an upper section (31) of the beam profile (27) has an adhesion primer.
53. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is plastically and/or elastically preformed.
54. Structural member according to claim 53, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is preformed in the direction of a principal axis.
55. Structural member according to claim 1, in which the beam profile (27) is deformed with a tool control after being placed in an injection mold.
56. Structural member according to claim 53 or 55, characterized in that a surface midpoint situated in the shuttering panel is arranged raised with respect to the edges of the shuttering panel.
57. Structural member according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the beam profile (27) is constituted at least partially as a hollow chamber profile .
58. Structural member according to claim 3, characterized in that fastening elements (84,86) are provided at least at two mutually opposed sides of the working surface (22).
59. Structural member according to claim 60, characterized in that the fastening element (84) on one side is constituted as a hooking element, and that on the opposite side as a securement against lifting (86).
60. Process for the production of a structural member (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 59, characterized in that:
at least one beam profile (27) and at least one transverse web (17) are cut to size;
the beam profiles (27) and transverse web (17) arranged thereon are placed in an injection mold; and in one injection process an element (12) with a shuttering panel (22) and a structural frame (14) running around on the outside and having frame members (23) running perpendicular to the shuttering panel (22) and constituted by means of beam profiles (27) which are partially embedded in injection molded plastic.
at least one beam profile (27) and at least one transverse web (17) are cut to size;
the beam profiles (27) and transverse web (17) arranged thereon are placed in an injection mold; and in one injection process an element (12) with a shuttering panel (22) and a structural frame (14) running around on the outside and having frame members (23) running perpendicular to the shuttering panel (22) and constituted by means of beam profiles (27) which are partially embedded in injection molded plastic.
61. Process according to claim 60, characterized in that the beam profiles (27) form, by means of corner connecting elements (43), a preferably resilient beam profile frame (46) which is placed in the injection mold.
62. Process according to claim 60 or 61, characterized in that before the injection process at least one inlay which reinforces the shuttering panel (22), preferably a metallic or nonmetallic foil or lattice, woven fabric, knitted fabric or the like is placed in the injection mold.
63. Process according to any one of claims 60-62, characterized in that a prefabricated shuttering panel (22), which preferably has a sandwich structure with stiffening, is placed in the injection mold and is at least partially embedded in injection molded plastic.
64. Process according to any one of claims 60-63, characterized in that an element (12) with a length of up to 300 cm and a width of up to 125 cm is produced in an injection molding process within less than 10 seconds.
65. Process according to any one of claims 60-64, characterized in that injection points by means of which polymer material is injected are provided between intersection points of transverse webs (17) and middle webs (16).
66. Process according to any one of claims 60-65, characterized in that, in element (12) with a width of 40 cm, injection points by means of which polymer material is injected are provided in intersection points of a rib structure (18).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19625473.6 | 1996-06-26 | ||
| DE19625473 | 1996-06-26 | ||
| DE19724701A DE19724701A1 (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1997-06-12 | Component and method for producing a component |
| DE19724701.6 | 1997-06-12 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/003240 WO1997049881A1 (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1997-06-20 | Structural member and process for producing a structural member |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2258261A1 CA2258261A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| CA2258261C true CA2258261C (en) | 2006-08-22 |
Family
ID=36940303
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002258261A Expired - Fee Related CA2258261C (en) | 1996-06-26 | 1997-06-20 | Structural member and process for producing a structural member |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2258261C (en) |
-
1997
- 1997-06-20 CA CA002258261A patent/CA2258261C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2258261A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
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