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CA2222313A1 - Liquid crystal display employing dual negative retarders and a brightness enhancing film - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display employing dual negative retarders and a brightness enhancing film

Info

Publication number
CA2222313A1
CA2222313A1 CA 2222313 CA2222313A CA2222313A1 CA 2222313 A1 CA2222313 A1 CA 2222313A1 CA 2222313 CA2222313 CA 2222313 CA 2222313 A CA2222313 A CA 2222313A CA 2222313 A1 CA2222313 A1 CA 2222313A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
display
optical
contrast ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA 2222313
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2222313C (en
Inventor
Gregory P. Crawford
Thomas G. Fiske
Louis D. Silverstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/764,542 external-priority patent/US5751390A/en
Priority claimed from US08/764,543 external-priority patent/US5867240A/en
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Publication of CA2222313A1 publication Critical patent/CA2222313A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2222313C publication Critical patent/CA2222313C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

A transmissive, backlit color twisted-nematic or super-twisted-nematic liquid crystal display employing a front fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent as a front retaining element of a liquid crystal cell that increases viewing angle between the display and a viewer while minimizing or eliminating undesirable variations in luminance, contrast ratio and chromaticity is described.
The fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent includes cylindrical optical features and interstitial cladding material of greater optical index than the cylindrical optical features. The interstitial cladding material may include an opaque mask blocking layer to prevent the interstitial apertures from diffracting off-axis light into an observer's viewing cone. In particular the liquid crystal display includes dual negative retarders, and a light shaping element such as a brightness enhancing film on the illumination source that increase the effective viewing angle between the display and a viewer while minimizing undesirable variations in display chromaticity, luminance, and contrast ratio. The front fiber-optic faceplate or optical equivalent works in conjunction with the dual negative retarders and the light shaping element to provide an improved contrast ratio with a perfectly symmetric viewing angle and to eliminate grey scale inversions.
CA 2222313 1996-12-12 1997-11-26 Liquid crystal display employing dual negative retarders and a brightness enhancing film Expired - Fee Related CA2222313C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US76434996A 1996-12-12 1996-12-12
US08/764,542 US5751390A (en) 1996-12-12 1996-12-12 Enhanced off-axis viewing performance of liquid crystal display employing a fiberoptic faceplate in conjunction with dual negative retarders and a brightness enhancing film on the illumination source
US08/764,542 1996-12-12
US08/764,543 US5867240A (en) 1996-12-12 1996-12-12 Liquid crystal cell constructed to produce a highly anisotropic light distribution possessing extremely high contrast around a narrow meridian
US08/764,349 1996-12-12
US08/764,543 1996-12-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2222313A1 true CA2222313A1 (en) 1998-06-12
CA2222313C CA2222313C (en) 2001-04-03

Family

ID=27419589

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA 2222313 Expired - Fee Related CA2222313C (en) 1996-12-12 1997-11-26 Liquid crystal display employing dual negative retarders and a brightness enhancing film

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0848280A3 (en)
JP (1) JPH10170903A (en)
CA (1) CA2222313C (en)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10935714B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2021-03-02 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US10948648B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-03-16 Reald Spark, Llc Backlights having stacked waveguide and optical components with different coefficients of friction
US10955715B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2021-03-23 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11016318B2 (en) 2017-05-08 2021-05-25 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11030981B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2021-06-08 Reald Spark, Llc Intelligent privacy system, apparatus, and method thereof
US11029566B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2021-06-08 Reald Spark, Llc Diffuser for privacy display
US11070791B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2021-07-20 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11073735B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2021-07-27 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11079619B2 (en) 2016-05-19 2021-08-03 Reald Spark, Llc Wide angle imaging directional backlights
US11079646B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2021-08-03 Reald Spark, Llc Display device off-axis luminance reduction uniformity
US11092852B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2021-08-17 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11092851B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2021-08-17 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11099447B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2021-08-24 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11106103B2 (en) 2018-10-03 2021-08-31 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus controlled in response to environment of apparatus
US11114063B2 (en) 2019-10-02 2021-09-07 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11187945B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2021-11-30 Reald Spark, Llc Touch screen for privacy display
US11191146B2 (en) 2019-12-18 2021-11-30 Reald Spark, Llc Control of ambient light for a privacy display
US11237417B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-02-01 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11287677B2 (en) 2019-01-07 2022-03-29 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11327358B2 (en) 2017-05-08 2022-05-10 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for directional display
US11340482B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2022-05-24 Reald Spark, Llc Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11353752B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-06-07 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11506939B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-11-22 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11573437B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11624944B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-04-11 Reald Spark, Llc Backlight for switchable directional display
US11630336B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2023-04-18 Reald Spark, Llc Reflective optical stack for privacy display
US11796828B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2023-10-24 Reald Spark, Llc Control of reflections of a display device
US11892717B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Marks for privacy display
US11892718B2 (en) 2022-04-07 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11977286B2 (en) 2022-02-09 2024-05-07 Reald Spark, Llc Observer-tracked privacy display

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0210659D0 (en) * 2002-05-09 2002-06-19 Screen Technology Ltd Display

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4349817A (en) * 1980-01-28 1982-09-14 Hoffman William C Liquid crystal display system using fiber optic faceplates
JPH0769538B2 (en) * 1988-07-04 1995-07-31 スタンレー電気株式会社 Compensated twisted nematic liquid crystal display
US5181130A (en) * 1990-01-09 1993-01-19 Hewlett-Packard Company Fiber optic faceplate liquid crystal display
EP0618476A1 (en) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Rear projection screen with off-axis sunlight rejection
US5442467A (en) * 1994-03-21 1995-08-15 Xerox Corporation Enhanced off-axis viewing performance and luminous efficiency of a liquid crystal display employing fiberoptic faceplate elements
JPH095745A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-01-10 Xerox Corp Optical-fiber face plate of color liquid crystal display device

Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11030981B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2021-06-08 Reald Spark, Llc Intelligent privacy system, apparatus, and method thereof
US11079619B2 (en) 2016-05-19 2021-08-03 Reald Spark, Llc Wide angle imaging directional backlights
US11016318B2 (en) 2017-05-08 2021-05-25 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11327358B2 (en) 2017-05-08 2022-05-10 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for directional display
US12066717B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2024-08-20 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11474396B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2022-10-18 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11474397B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2022-10-18 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11099433B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2021-08-24 Reald Spark, Llc Switchable directional display apparatus
US11092851B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2021-08-17 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11181780B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2021-11-23 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US10948648B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-03-16 Reald Spark, Llc Backlights having stacked waveguide and optical components with different coefficients of friction
US11070791B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2021-07-20 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11431960B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2022-08-30 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11109014B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2021-08-31 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11115647B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2021-09-07 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11187945B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2021-11-30 Reald Spark, Llc Touch screen for privacy display
US11630336B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2023-04-18 Reald Spark, Llc Reflective optical stack for privacy display
US12038633B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2024-07-16 Reald Spark, Llc Reflective optical stack for privacy display
US12169339B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2024-12-17 Reald Spark, Llc Touch screen for privacy display
US10935714B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2021-03-02 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11808965B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-11-07 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11320575B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2022-05-03 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11604311B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-03-14 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11809052B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-11-07 Reald Spark, Llc Stabilization for privacy display
US11287713B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2022-03-29 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11874576B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2024-01-16 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11079645B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2021-08-03 Reald Spark, Llc Stabilization for privacy display
US10955715B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2021-03-23 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11747693B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2023-09-05 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11073735B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2021-07-27 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US12174504B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2024-12-24 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11106103B2 (en) 2018-10-03 2021-08-31 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus controlled in response to environment of apparatus
US12140847B2 (en) 2018-10-03 2024-11-12 ReaID Spark, LLC Display apparatus using application software context for privacy control
US12038649B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2024-07-16 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11092852B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2021-08-17 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11287677B2 (en) 2019-01-07 2022-03-29 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11573439B2 (en) 2019-01-07 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11243437B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2022-02-08 Reald Spark, Llc Diffuser for privacy display
US11586073B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2023-02-21 Reald Spark, Llc Diffuser for privacy display
US11029566B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2021-06-08 Reald Spark, Llc Diffuser for privacy display
US11573437B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11874541B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-01-16 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11099447B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2021-08-24 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11462193B2 (en) 2019-10-02 2022-10-04 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11114063B2 (en) 2019-10-02 2021-09-07 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11079646B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2021-08-03 Reald Spark, Llc Display device off-axis luminance reduction uniformity
US11733578B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2023-08-22 ReaID Spark, LLC Display device with uniform off-axis luminance reduction
US11099448B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2021-08-24 Reald Spark, Llc Off-axis display device
US12117621B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2024-10-15 RealD Spark Control of reflections of a display device
US11796828B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2023-10-24 Reald Spark, Llc Control of reflections of a display device
US11191146B2 (en) 2019-12-18 2021-11-30 Reald Spark, Llc Control of ambient light for a privacy display
US11237417B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-02-01 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11353752B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-06-07 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11506939B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-11-22 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11442316B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-09-13 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11668963B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2023-06-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11624944B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-04-11 Reald Spark, Llc Backlight for switchable directional display
US12013603B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2024-06-18 ReaID Spark, LLC Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11740496B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-08-29 Reald Spark, Llc Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11340482B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2022-05-24 Reald Spark, Llc Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11921367B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-03-05 Reald Spark, Llc Marks for privacy display
US11892717B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Marks for privacy display
US11977286B2 (en) 2022-02-09 2024-05-07 Reald Spark, Llc Observer-tracked privacy display
US11892718B2 (en) 2022-04-07 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10170903A (en) 1998-06-26
EP0848280A3 (en) 1998-12-30
EP0848280A2 (en) 1998-06-17
CA2222313C (en) 2001-04-03

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