CA2195763C

CA2195763C - Starter culture receptacle and methods using the same

Info

Publication number: CA2195763C
Application number: CA002195763A
Authority: CA
Inventors: John Phillip Donovan
Original assignee: Kefir Culture Natural Ltd
Current assignee: Kefir Culture Natural Ltd
Priority date: 1994-07-22
Filing date: 1995-06-19
Publication date: 2007-03-06
Anticipated expiration: 2015-06-19
Also published as: CA2195763A1

Abstract

A receptacle for a fermented milk product starter culture is disclosed. The receptacle allows a single batch of starter culture to be transferred from one quantity of fermented milk to a fresh quantity of milk for formation of additional fermented milk product. Methods for the production of fermented milk product are also disclosed.

Description

2 Zi 95763 PCT/AU95/00353 TECHNICAI. FIELD
This invention relates to a device for use in making fermented milk products and methods of making such products utilising the device. Methods of making kefir and yoghurt using the device are given as particular examples of the invention but it will be appreciated that the invention is suitable for making any fermented milk product. In particular, the invention relates to methods for the home manufacture of fermented milk products.
BACKGROUND ART
Fermented milk products have been known for centuries. Such products include sour cream, buttermiik, kefir, koumis and various cheeses.
Yoghurt is a fermented milk product which has been known for over a thousand years. The product is believed to have originated in Asia where Turkish nomads were producing material referred to as "yoghurt" by the 8th century AD.
While the nutritive value of yoghurt is primarily determined by the milk from which it is made, yoghurt has the advantage that it is more easily digested than milk. Furthermore, yoghurt has therapeutic value and is used in treatment of intestinal disorders. liver and bile disorders and in the topical treatment of skin and oral disorders.
Yoghurt is therefore a product with considerable market appeal and processes are available for large scale production. However, there is also interest in home production of yoghurt. particularly when a product not available commercially is desired.
In home production. the usual process followed is to precook milk. cool to an incubation temperature, and add a yoghurt culture. Generally, a fresh yoghurt culture is used with each batch of milk.
Yoghurt cultures are known which comprise micro-organisms aggregated with an inert material. Such cultures can be used to prepare yoghurt from a first batch of mllk then transferred to a second batch of milk for conversion to yoghurt followed by a further transfer and so on.
A portion ofyoghurt produced from a first batch of milk can also be used as a starter culture for a second batch of milk. Further transfers can be made but eventually portions will become ineffectual as starter cultures.
Home production of yoghurt may be facilitated by using a process which --- --- -- - -- - ---- -- -- - - - - -- - - - --aECEiV'Et 'o 1 MAI ~s~
i~1,1 5 l~i ~r includes the step of transferring an aggregated starter culture or portion of yoghurt to additional batches of milk. However, devices or systems for facilitating such transfers are not known.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this Invention to provide a device which may be used In kefir and yoghurt making processes and processes for making other fermented milk products which involve transfer of starter cultures.
In one aspect, this invention provides a receptacle for a starter culture for a fermented milk product, the receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof, wherein said openings are sized to prevent egress of aggregated fermented milk forming micro-organisms retained within the receptacle or to limit egress of fermented milk product formed In the receptacle but which at least allow passage of milk and free fermented milk product forming micro-organisrns.
The term 'starter culture' includes free as well as aggregated micro-organisms. The term also includes a portion of fermented milk product which contains fermented milk product-producing micro-organisms.
The term 'fermented milk product' includes products which are sometimes referred to as 'cultured milk products'.
The receptacle can be any shape and is dimensioned and configured as appropriate for the container of the milk which is to be fermented. The receptacle can range in shape from a compact 'bullet-shaped' article to a member having an elongate tubular shape.
In particular embodiments of the invention, the receptacle is advantageously fabricated from a material which allows the receptacle to float on the surface of milk with at least a portion of the receptacle below the surface. To aid buoyancy, an extemally projecting member can be provided around the receptacle to support the receptacle on the surface of the milk.
The receptacle can also be used submerged in the milk In which case the receptacle is advantageously fabricated from a material having a density greater than that of milk. For ease of retrieving a submerged receptacle, the receptacle can have associated therewith a member extending from the receptacle to above the surface of the milk. Typically, the member is a flexible member such as a chain. Receptacles fabricated from a material having a density greater than milk are preferably fabricated from stainless steel.
The receptacle can also be used with a milk-containing vessel of dimensions such that the receptacle is supported by the nock of the vessel. If AMENDED SHEET
IPFA/BI I

ecriAu 9 5/ 0 0 3 5 3 2f95763 'RECEIVED 0 3MAY 1996 . '~

present, the externally projecting member around the receptacle can be used to support the receptacle in the vessel.
The openings in the receptacle, as well as allowing milk to contact the starter culture, also allow a fluid such as water to be flushed through the receptacle. This can be advantageous to reduce the amount of set yoghurt or other fermented milk product in the receptacle prior to transfer of the receptacle to a fresh volume of milk. This will be explained in greater detail below.
The receptacle preferably has a lid to facilitate charging the receptacle with starter culture and cleaning the receptacle. Advantageously, the lid has a plurality of openings. The openings in the lid, in conjunction with the openings in the receptacle, still allows fluid to be flushed through, the receptacle.
The receptacle can have a cover over the top thereof which also covers the lid in embodiments which include a lid. The cover advantageousty inciudes a lip adjacent the point of contact between the receptacle and the cover. The lip can serve as a support when the receptacle is mounted in the neck of a vessel or can aid buoyancy when the receptacle is floating on the surface of milk.
If the receptacle includes an externally projecting member, that member and the lip of the cover are preferably co-planar.
The lid and cover can be secured to the receptacle by any suitable means.
Such means include threaded engagement, engagement of tabs in corresponding slots, or mere friction engagement. The preferred engagement means is a snap fit between the lid and the receptacle, and the cover and the receptacle.
The cover and receptacle lid are typically circular with the receptacle having a circular cross section. Preferably the receptacle is an inverted cone or inverted truncated cone.
The openings in the receptacle and lid can be any shape. Preferably, the openings are slots, the walls of which are advantageously angled inwardly towards the interior of the receptacle. In embodiments where the lid is circular, the slots can be radially disposed with respect to the centre of the lid, or concentrically disposed thereto. Similarly, in the preferred form of the receptacle, the slots can be radially or concentrically disposed with respect to the centre of the circle at the truncated end of the cone whereas on the curved surface of the cone, the slots are typically concentric with respect to the axis of the cone or lie on a line projecting from the apex of the cone.
AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/At,l ecr/nu 95700353 i191") 76 3 RECEIVED 0 3 MAY 1996 The receptacle and cover typically comprise a plastics material. A
preferred material is ABS/ polypropylene co-polymer. The receptacle can also be fabricated from a metal. A preferred metal is stainless steel.
As indicated above, in some embodiments the receptacle Is an elongate tubular member. Such members typically comprise an elongate tube having a plurality of holes disposed generally along the length thereof and having closed ends. The holes in the tubular member are large enough to allow milk to come into contact with starter culture. Typically, holes are of about 1 mm in diameter.
Advantageously, receptacles comprising a tubular member include at least one sealable opening therein to allow the receptacle to be charged with starter culture. A sealable opening typically comprises an end of the tube which is sealed by a plug fitted into, or a cap fitted over, the end. Alternatively, the tubular member can comprise at least two interconnectable sections which when separated provide openings to the tube sections. The interconnection can be any suitable manner of connection such as a snap fit or a threaded connection.
Tubular receptacles are advantageously constructed from flexible food-grade plastic tubing or the like. Alternatively, tubular receptacles can be fabricated from a non-flexible material such as a plastics or metal material.
Typical dimensions for a flexible tubular receptacle are about 45 cm long by about 14 mm 00. However, tubular receptacles of about 14 mm 00 can be up to about 100 cm in length.
A tubular receptacle when charged with starter culture is particularly suited for introduction into a commercially available container of milk for production of yoghurt or fermented milk product. Such containers are typically txo litre plastic bottles of milk or 20 litre plastic bags of milk but can be any other suitable volume of milk in a container that is able to be re-sealed. The charged tubular receptacle Is entirely immersed in the milk for formation of fermented milk product. Once Incubation is complete, the tubular receptacle can be removed, rinsed under running water then placed into a new container of milk.
In a second aspect, this invention provides a method of making a fermented milk product, the method comprising the steps of:
1) contacting a volume of milk with a receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof and inoculating said milk with fermented milk-product forming micro-organisms, wherein said inoculation Is by adding said AMENDED SHEET
iPEArAU

PcrrAu 9 5 I 0 u) 5-3 L19"76 3 RECEIVED 03MAY1996 micro=organisms directly to the milk or by adding said micro-organisms via said receptacle;
2) incubating said volume of milk to allow fermented milk product formation; and 5 3) transferring said receptacle containing fermented milk product to a fresh volume of milk and incubating same to allow fermented milk product formation.
The method according to the second aspect can further comprise repetition of step (3).
Micro-organisms which can be used in step (1) of the method according to the second aspect are well known in the art. For example, Streptococcus and Leuconostoc species are used for sour cream and buttermilk production while Lactobacillus bulgaricus can also be used for Bulgarian buttermiik production.
Streptococcus species are predominantly used for cheese production often in conjunction with other species such as Penlcillium, Brevibacterium or Lactobacillus species. For yoghurt production, micro-organisms used Include Lactobaciilus species such as L. bulgaricus or L. acidophillus or streptococci such as Strep. thermophilus or Strep. lactis. For making kefir, a typical starter culture comprises a mixture of Strep. lactis, Strep. cremoris, several yeast species and other lactic acid bacteria.
As indicated above, in step (1) of the method according to the second aspect, inoculation can be effected by adding micro-organisms directly to the milk or by adding the micro-organisms via the receptacle. That is, micro-organisms can first be placed into the receptacle and the receptacle then contacted with the milk to effect inoculation. The micro-organisms used as an inoculum can be provided in a portion of fermented milk product. For example, a portion of set yoghurt containing viable micro-organisms can be used as the inoculum.
Suitable incubation conditions are well known in the art.
At transfer, the fermented milk product in the receptacle can be diluted or reduced In volume by flushing the receptacle with a fluid such as water.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of making a fermented milk product, the method comprising the steps of:
1) charging a receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof with a composition of aggregated micro-organisms capable of fermented milk product formation; and AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/AU

21~-5 7 6 WO 96/03052 PCTIAU95/(10353 2) contacting a vohime of milk with the charged receptacle from step (1) and incubating said milk to allow fermented milk product formation.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of making a fermented milk product, the method comprising the steps of:
1) charging a receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof with acomposition of aggregated micro-organisms capable of fermented milk product formation;
2) contacting a voluine of milk with the charged receptacle from step (1) and incubating said milk to allow fermented milk product formation; and 3) transferring said receptacle to a fresh volume of mllk and incubating same to allow ferniented milk product formation.
The method according to the fourth aspect can further comprise the repetition of step (3).
The methods according to the second to fourth aspects of the invention can advantageously be used for making yoghurt or kefir.
A preferred composition of aggregated micro-organisms for use in the third and fourth aspects of the invention when used for making kefir ts Bug 01 which has been deposited with Australian Government Analytical Laboratories under accession number N94/53565. Another composition of micro-organisms which may be used in the methods according to the third and fourth aspects of the invention is the stabilised preparation of Lactobacittus cells described in Japanese Specification JP04330274.
The milk used in the methods according to the second to fourth aspects of the invention can be any milk suitable for making fermented mIIk products and includes milk from buffalos, cows, mares, goats, yaks and reindeers as well as milks made from beans, seeds or nuts. The milk can be processed milk such as skim milk or lactose-reduced milk.
It will be appreciated that the receptacle used in the method of the second to fourth aspects includes all the variations and preferments of the receptacle according to the first aspect. It will also be appreciated that the use of the receptacle according to this invention allows the simple transfer of a starter culture from one batch of fermented milk product to a fresh batch of milk. In the case of the second aspect, a portion of fermented milk product is transferred while in the case of the third and fourth aspects, the composition of aggregated micro-organisms is transferred.

WO 96/03052 ~ 19576, 3 PCT/AL95/00353 Transferring the starter culture allows a number of batches of product to be prepared from a single initial inoculum. In the case of Bug 01, the starter culture can be transferred an indefinite number of times.
The composition used to charge tlie receptacle in the method of the third and fourth aspects can be in the forni of a powder, in a granulated form, in the form of tablets, or comprise micro-organisms immobilised on an inert support.
Powdered or pelletised composition can be provided in a milk soluble container such as gelatine capsules. Alternatively, the composition can be provided in blocks of freeze-dried material.
In a fifth aspect, this invention provides a kit for making a fermented milk product, the kit comprising a) a receptacle for a starter culture, the receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof to allow milk to contact said starter culture;
and b) a starter culture comprising a composition of aggregated micro-organisms capable of forming a fermented nillk product.
The receptacle defined in part (a) of the fifth aspect has all the variations and preferments described above for the first aspect of the invention.
The composition according to part (b) of the fourth aspect is preferably provided in a container. Such containers include the containers specified above as well as cellulose capsules and foil sachets.
Methods according to the invention are conveniently used for producing comestibles. However, the fermented milk products of the methods also have non-comestible uses. In particular, fermented milk products according to the invention can advantageously be used as the principle ingredient, or at least a component of, a skin-care or hair-care composition.
Thus, according to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of preparing a composition for the treatment of skin or hair, said method comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a fermented milk product using a method according to any one of the second. third or fourth aspects of the invention; and 2) combining fermented milk product from step (1) with at least one other component selected from a plant extract, a preparation of plant tissue, an antiseptic, an astringent, a cleansing agent, an emollient, an exfolient, minerals, vitamins, protein, a pH modifier, a thickener, or a diluent.
Specific components suitable for use in compositions prepared using the WO 96/03052 I 0 PCTlAU95100353 ,_9 /,',~~~

foregoing method will be known to those of skill in the art. For example, plant extracts include herbs, spices and essential oils. Typical of the foregoing suitable for use in the method of the invention include fennel, comfrey, cowslip, cucumber, elderfiower, marigold, violet, witch hazel, almond oll, apricot oil, lavender oil, olive oil, peppermint essence, or sunflower oil, Preparations of plant tissue include homogenates of fruit, vegetable or seed tissue, such as homogenates of apricot, avocado, lemon, orange, peach or tomato. The preparation can be an homogenate of flesh of fruit or vegetable matter, or a preparation of the skin of a fruit or vegetable. Another typical preparation of plant tissue is a cereal preparation such as oatmeal.
Plant extracts or preparations of plants can also serve as antiseptics, astringents. cleansing agents. emollients, exfolients. pH modifiers or as sources of vitamins and/or minerals. For example, elder tree flowers contain an oil which acts as an astringent, lemon juice has antiseptic and exfoltating properties, oatmeal serves as a cleansing agent, almond meal has emollient properties, cider vinegar can be used as a pH modifier, avocado and apricot kernels are good sources of vitamin D and vitamin E respectively, while potato is rich in potassium.
Examples of other materials which can serve as components in preparattons made by the method according to the sixth aspect are seaweeds such as kelp as a source of minerals, honey as a source of vitamins and potassium, brewer's yeast as a source of B group vitamins and the minerals phosphorus and potassium, and clays such as Fuller's earth as astringents.
The various aspects of the invention will now be exemplified. A starter culture receptacle will be exemplifled with reference to the accompanying drawings briefly described hereafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Flgure 1 is an exploded perspective view from above in partial break-away of a receptacle and cover.
Figure 2 is an elevational view in cross-section of the receptacle and cover shown in Figure 1.
BEST MODE AND OTHER MODES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A preferred form of apparatus according to the invention wIll now be exemplified followed by examples illustrating methods according to the invention.

R'O 96103052 2 19' 5 7 61l PCTlAU95100353 Example 1 Starter Culture Receptacle Referring to the drawings in which like numbers indicate the same component, there is shown receptacle 1 having a lid 2. The receptacle is covered by a dome-shaped cover 3 which has a lip 4 at the edge thereof which contacts the receptacle.
Receptacle 1 is in the general shape of an inverted truncated cone the base of the cone forming an opening into which lid 2 flts. An annular projection 5 adjacent the base of the cone engages cover 3. Lid 2 simflarly has the shape of a truncated cone and has an annular projection 6 from the edge of the lid engages the receptacle.
Annular projections 5 and 6 engage grooves 7 and 8 in cover 3 and receptacle 1 respectively as a snap fit. Annular projection 5 preferably has semi-circular cut outs as shown at 9 of Figure 1.
In the example depicted in the drawings, slots are only provided in the curved surface of the receptacle and lid as indicated at 10 and 11 respectively.
The alternative modes of using the receptacle are shown in Figure 2. The receptacle is shown floating on the surface of milk at 12 or supported on the neck of a vessel at 13. The receptacle depicted in the drawings is dimensioned to be used with 300 ml plastic milk bottles.
The cover, lid and receptacle depicted in the drawings are tnjection moulded from ABS/PP co-polymer.
Example 2 Preparation of Keflr A receptacle having a volume of about 15 ml and generally as depicted in the accompanying drawings was charged with about 1 g of Bug 01 as freeze-dried granules. The receptacle was positioned in the neck of a container holding approxtmately 300 ml of pasteurised cows milk so that milk contacted the granules within the receptacle. The milk was then allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 h at which time it was noted that the milk had been converted to kefir.
The receptacle was removed from the kefir rinsed under cold running water to remove excess kefir leaving Bug 01 granules. The rinsed receptacle with granules was then positioned in a fresh batch of milk and allowed to stand . as before with kefir formation resulting.

WC) 96/03052 2195l !; 3 PCT/AU95100353 This process was repeated at least 50 times with good quality kefir produced from each batch of milk.
Example 3 Preparation of Yoghurt 5 A receptacle as used in Example I was charged with about 5 g of Jalna biodynamic yoghurt. The charged receptacle was positioned in the neck of a container holding approximately 300 ml of pasteurised cows milk so that the mflk contacted the yoghurt in the receptacle. The milk was allowed to stand as in Example 1 afler which the milk was converted to yoghurt.

10 The receptacle was removed from the yoghurt and rinsed with running tap water to remove excess yoghurt from the exterior of the receptacle. The rinsed receptacle containing yoghurt was then positioned in a fresh batch of mllk.
After standing at room temperature for 24 li, yoghurt was formed.
The process described in the previous paragraph was repeated with yoghurt again being formed.
Example 4 In this example, use of a tubular receptacle for production of ferinented milk product is described.
A tubular receptacle having dimensions of approximately 45 cm in length and approximately 14 mm OD was charged with about 15 g of a fresh preparation of Bug 01. The charged receptacle was placed into a 20 litre plastic bag of full cream cows milk so that the receptacle was fully immersed in the milk. The bag was re-sealed and allowed to stand at rooin temperature for 24 hours by which time fermented niilk product had formed. The receptacle was removed and rinsed under water and placed into a fresh container of milk.
The fresh container of milk was incubated as above and fermented mflk product was again formed. This process was repeated fifteen times using the same tubular receptacle charged with the initial portion of Bug 01.
Other milks can be substituted for the pasteurised milk used in the above examples. These milks include full cream cows milk, soya milk (plain or with additives such as VrrASOY"). goats milk, low fat mflk or skim milk. Other starter cultures can also be used such as commercially available yoghurt starter cultures or fresh cultures of Bug 01.
It will also be appreciated that differing incubation conditions can be used, such as standtng the milk at a higher temperature or initially warmin.g -.--PCrrnu 9 5/ 0 0 3 5 3 r' `~~m `' RECEIVED 0 3 MAY 1996 ~ / .., ~ tr~ 3 ~

the milk prior to inoculation. The time that the Inoculated milk Is allowed to stand can be varied to give products of differing consistency.
The following examoles illustrate the use of kefir produced by the method detailed in Example 1 as the basis of skin and hair treatment preparations.
The efficacy of such preparations is due in part to the fact that kefir cleanses the skin and balances skin pH. Unless otherwise noted, preparations are used within 7 days of preparation.
Example 5 Moisturisers Avocado and Kefir Moisturiser Components: 1 avocado 1 teaspoon of honey 1 teaspoon of lemon juice kefir The avocado, honey and lemon juice are blended to a thick paste.
Sufficient kefir is added to form a stiff cream which is refrigerated for at least 30 minutes. For use, the moisturiser is massaged onto the face until the cream disappears. The cream is left on the face ovemight and cleaned off next morning.
Herb and Kefir Lotion Many herbs are useful in the prevention of wrinkle formation. These include fennel, comfrey, cucumber and cowslip flowers.
Components: fennel kefir The fennel is finely chopped and mixed with enough kefir to make a smooth paste. This is left stand for an hour to allow the fennel juices to mix with the kefir. (Any of the above mentioned herbs can be added instead of the fennel). The paste is applied as a face mask, left on for 15 minutes and splashed off with tepid water.
Kefir Night Cream (for oily skin) Components: 2 tablespoons of kefir 1 egg yolk I tablespoon of honey 1 tablespoon of cream IF~ tablespoon of cider vinegar AMENDED SHEET
IPEA/AU

WO 96/03052 2195'T " 3 PCT/AU95100353 1/2 tablespoon of tomato juice The kefir, egg yolk and cream are mixed. The cider vinegar and tomato juice are then added and mixed well. The honey is warmed and added to the other ingredients and whisked well. The preparation is used on the face at night. If the preparation is too drying on the skin, more cream can be used in preparing the mixture.
Elderflower and Kefir Lotion Components: 4 teaspoons of kefir 2 teaspoons of elderflower infusion (prepared by adding 15 g of herbs to 500 ml of boiling water which is allowed to stand for 5 minutes before straining) 1 teaspoon of apricot oil 2 teaspoons of almond oil The components are placed in a sealed glass container and mixed well by shaking. The preparation can be used day or night as a moisturiser for normal to dry skin.
Kefir and Marigold Lotion Components: 2 teaspoons of kefir 2 teaspoons of apricot oil 1/2 teaspoon of almond oil 1 teaspoon of marigold infusion (prepared by adding 30 g of marigold flowers to 500 ml of boiling water which is allowed to cool but not strained) All other ingredients are combined in the marigold infusion and mixed well. A day or night lotion is provided which assists in balancing the skin's acid mantle.
Almond and Kefir Cream Components: 2 tablespoons of almond meal (ground ahnonds) 150 g of kefir The components are mixed well and immediately applied to the face where it can be left for about an hoiir then rinsed off witli warm water. This preparation is particularly useful for dry or blemished skin.
Cucumber and Keflr Soother Components: 1 small cucumber 100 g of kefir pftfti gD" A MY1936 L f95763 ~

The cucumber is sliced, combined with the kefir and mixed using a blender. The preparation must be refrigerated for an hour before use. The preparation can be used on the face and neck where it is preferably left ovemight.
Example 6 Masks Oatmeal and Kefir Mask Components: 1/2 cup of uncooked oatmeal 250 g of kefir This mask is suitable for treating skin havfng enlarged pores. The ingredients are mixed together and refrigerated for at least 10 hours. To use the mask, the face is first steamed using a bowl of hot water containing rosemary leaves. A towel may be placed over the bowl and head to retain the steam. The steaming process opens the pores after which the mask can be applied and left on the face for about an hour after which it is rinsed off.
Keflr and Peach Mask Components: 1 large ripe peach, skinned 1 teaspoon of honey kefir The peach Is cut into chunks, blended for a brief time and the honey added. Sufficient kefir is added to make a preparation having a creamy, spreadable consistency. The preparation can be prepared by hand if a blender is not available. If a thicker consistency is desired, a little oatmeal can be added.
Kefir Clay Pack for Oily Skin Components: 2 teaspoons of kefir 12 teaspoons of fuller's earth 2 teaspoons of potato water (prepared by boiling potatces in water and straining out the potatoes to produce the potato water) The ingredients are blended until a smooth paste is formed. The preparation is applied to the deansed face, avoiding the eyes, where It Is left for about 20 minutes. The preparation Is rinsed off with remaining potato water.
The face is then dried and moisturised using any suitable moisturiser. The mask Is suitable for use with oily, troubled skin but should not be used more AMENDED SHEET
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~ .

than twice a week.
Peppermint Kefir Mask Components: 1 tablespoon of fuller's earth 120 g of kefir 1 teaspoon of honey 3 drops of peppermint essence 1 pinch of bicarbonate of soda The kefir is mixed with the fuller's earth then added to the other ingredients. The preparation is applied to the face and neck using cotton balls to assist with the application. The mask is left on the face for about 30 minutes then rinsed off with luke warm water. The mask counteracts oiliness.
Tomato and Kefir Mask Components: 3 ripe tomatoes (sieved with only the juice used) 120 g of kefir 50 g of oatmeal The oatmeal is boiled in a little water for about 20 minutes. The tomato juice and kefir are mixed together then stirred into the cooled oatmeal to make a smooth paste. The paste is applied to the face and neck where it is left for about 30 minutes then rinsed off gently with tepid water. This mask is suitable for oily skins and blackheads.
Example 7 Cleansing Scrubs Orange Kefir Cleansing Scrub Components: 11f2 tablespoons of kefir 1 tablespoon of safflower oil 1 tablespoon of grated orange peel 1 tablespoon of oatmeal All ingredients are mixed together to form a paste. The paste is applied to the face and massaged in using circular movements. The eye area should be avoided. The paste is rinsed off with warm water and the face patted dry.
The scrub can be used once a day for oily skins or twice a week for drier skins.
Kefir and Yeast Scrub Components: 1 tablespoon of kefir 2 teaspoons of almond meal 1 teaspoon of brewer's yeast EtriAu95100353 1 teaspoon of runny honey 2 drops of lavender oil The ingredients are mixed and massaged gently into the face, after which the scrub is rinsed off with lukewarm water. This scrub should not be used If 5 there are broken veins on the cheeks. The brewer's yeast stimulates circulation and this can aggravate an existing condition.
Example 8 Cleansing Lotions Violet and Kefir Lotion 10 Components: 2 tablespoons of fresh or 1 tablespoon of dried violet flowers and leaves 150 ml of boiling water 150 mi of kefir The boiling water is poured over the violets and the infusion allowed to 15 cool. The cooled Infusion is filtered through filter paper or some other suitable filter means. The filtered liquid is then added to the kefir, mixed thoroughly and refrigerated. The lotion can be used over severaf days and is suitable for use with spotty skin.
Honeyed Ketir Cleansing Cream Components: 16 tablespoons of kefir 5 tablespoons of washed elderflower heads 21/: tablespoons of melted honey The kefir and elderflowers are placed in a pot over low heat and simmered for half an hour. The mixture should not be overheated or the kefir will curdle.
The mixture is removed from the heat and allowed to stand for about 5 hours.
The mixture is then re-heated, the flower heads filtered out and the melted honey added. The cream is prepared by beating together the final components for several minutes. The cream is preferably stored refrigerated. For use, the cream is applied generously over the face and neck and cleaned off with damp cotton wool. The cleanser suits all skin types.
Kefir and Lemon Cleanser Components: 3 tablespoons of kefir 3 teaspoons of freshly squeezed lemon juice The cleanser is prepared by whisking the ingredients together. The preparation can be stored In the refrigerator in a suitably sealed container.
For AMENDED SHEET
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., , IQ,,l(S 3 WO96l93052 PCT/AU95/00353 cleansing, the preparation is applied to the face arid neck and cleaned off with damp cotton wool.
Example 9 Preparation for the Treatment of Freckles Kefir and Oatmeal Paste Components: 4 tablespoons of kefir 2 tablespoons of flaked oatmeal The ingredients are mixed into a paste, with more kefir added if required to produce a preparation having an easily spreadable consistency. The paste is spread over freckles and left on for no longer than 20 minutes after which it is washed off with water. Preferably, application of the foregoing preparation is followed by application of a light moisturiser. This treatment can be used dafly.
Example 10 Preparation for the Treatment of Hands Almond Keflr Cream Components: 1 tablespoon of almond oil 1 cup of kefir The ingredients are mixed well and massaged into the hands at bedtime.
Cotton gloves are preferably worn to enhance the treatment. The preparation is washed from the hands the next morning.
Example 11 Bath Water Additive Apricot and Keflr Oil Components: 2 tablespoons of melted butter 2 tablespoons of olive oil 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar 2 tablespoons of witch hazel Juice of three apricots (prepared using a blender) 120 g of kefir 2 beaten eggs 500 ml of milk The butter and olive oil are mixed together and allowed to stand for about I hour. The apple cider vinegar, witch hazel, apricot juice and kefir are added with stirring. The eggs and half the milk are next added to the mixture in a ~I9 5 7 6 71 blender. After thorough blending, the remaining miik is added. The mixture can be kept refrigerated in a sealed container. A mixture is sufficient for six baths as only a cupful is required per bath.
Example 12 Hair Conditioners Sea Kelp and Kefir Conditioner Components: 1 egg yolk 120 g of kefir 1 teaspoon of grated lemon rind 1 teaspoon of sea kelp powder The egg yolk is beaten aizd added to the kefir to which mixture the lemon rind and kelp powder is added. For use, the preparation is massaged into the hair and scalp and left for about 30 minutes. The preparation is rinsed from the hair using a small quantity of lemon juice in the rinse water followed by shampooing if desired.
Kefir Conditioner for Fly-Away Hair Components: 2 tablespoons of kefir legg The ingredients are whisked together until thoroughly blended. The conditioner is used after shampooing the hair when it is massaged Into the hair over a period of about 5 minutes. The head is then wrapped in a warm towel or a shower cap placed over the head and left for about 15 minutes. The conditioner is rinsed from the hair with warm water.
It will be appreciated that many other changes and modifications can be made to the apparatus and methods exemplified above without departing from the broad ambit and scope of the invention.
MICROORGANISM DEPOSIT
A sample of Bug 01, which is a mixed lactic acid bacteria and yeast culture, was deposited with the Australian Government Analytical Laboratories of 1 Suakin Street, Pymble, New South Wales 2073, Australia on 8 November 1994 and given the accession number N94/53565.

Claims

1. A receptacle for a starter culture for a fermented milk product, said receptacle having a plurality of openings in a wall thereof, wherein said openings are sized to prevent egress of aggregated fermented milk forming micro-organisms retained within the receptacle or to limit egress of fermented milk product formed in the receptacle but which at least allow passage of milk and free fermented milk product forming micro-organisms.

2. The receptacle according to claim 1, comprising a tubular member having closed ends and a plurality of holes generally along the length thereof.

3. The receptacle according to claim 2, said receptacle further comprising at least one sealable opening therein for charging said receptacle with starter culture.

4. The receptacle according to claim 2, wherein said tubular member is a flexible plastics material having a length of about 45 cm to about 100 cm and a diameter of about 14 mm OD.

5. The receptacle according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle is fabricated from a material having a density greater than that of milk.

6. The receptacle according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle comprises a chamber having a lid fitted thereto.

7. The receptacle according to claim 1, further comprising a member associated therewith for retrieving a submerged receptacle from said milk.

8. The receptacle according to claim 6, wherein said openings comprise slots in the walls of said chamber and in said lid.

9. A buoyant receptacle for a starter culture for a fermented milk product, said receptacle comprising:
a chamber having the general shape of an inverted truncated cone, a base of the cone forming an opening into which a lid is fitted, said chamber and lid having a plurality of slots therein; and a dome-shaped cover covering said lid and fitted to said chamber adjacent said opening, the cover having an annular outwardly projecting lip for supporting said receptacle; and wherein said slots are sized to prevent egress of aggregated fermented milk forming micro-organisms retained within the receptacle or to limit egress of fermented milk product formed in the receptacle but which at least allow passage of milk and free fermented milk product forming micro-organisms.

10. -A method of making a fermented milk product, the method comprising the steps of:
1) contacting a volume of milk with a receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof and inoculating said milk with fermented milk product forming micro-organisms, wherein said inoculation is by adding said micro-organisms directly to the milk or by adding said micro-organisms via said receptacle;
2) incubating said volume of milk to allow fermented milk product formation; and 3) transferring said receptacle containing fermented milk product to a fresh volume of milk and incubating same to allow fermented milk product formation.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said method further comprises repetition of step (3).

12. A method according to claim 10, wherein said receptacle comprises a tubular member having closed ends and a plurality of holes generally along the length of said tubular member.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein said receptacle is a receptacle according to claim 9.

14. A method of making a fermented milk product, the method comprising the steps of:
1) charging a receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof with a composition of aggregated micro-organisms capable of fermented milk product formation; and 2) contacting a volume of milk with the charged receptacle from step (1) and incubating said milk to allow fermented milk product formation.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said receptacle comprises a tubular member having closed ends and a plurality of holes generally along the length of said tubular member.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein said receptacle is a receptacle according to claim 9.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein said composition of aggregated microorganisms is Bug 01, having accession No. N94/53565.

18. A method of making a fermented milk product, the method comprising the steps of:

1) charging a receptacle having a plurality of openings in walls thereof with a composition of aggregated micro-organisms capable of fermented milk product formation;
2) contacting a volume of milk with the charged receptacle from step (1) and incubating said milk to allow fermented milk product formation; and 3) transferring said receptacle to a fresh volume of milk and incubating same to allow fermented milk product formation.

19. The method according to claim 18, said method further comprising the repetition of step (3).

20. A method according to claim 18, wherein said receptacle comprises a tubular member having closed ends and a plurality of holes generally along the length of said tubular member.

21. The method according to claim 18, wherein said receptacle is a receptacle according to claim 9.

22. The method according to claim 18, wherein said composition of aggregated microorganisms is Bug 01, having accession No. N94/53565.

23. A kit for making a fermented milk product, the kit comprising:
a) a receptacle for a starter culture, the receptacle having plurality of openings in walls thereof to allow milk to contact said starter culture;
and b) a starter culture comprising a composition of aggregared micro-organisms capable of forming a fermented milk product.

24. A kit according to claim 23, wherein said receptacle comprises a tubular member having closed ends and a plurality of holes generally along the length of said tubular member.

25. The kit according to claim 23, wherein said receptacle is a receptacle according to claim 9.

26. The kit according to claim 23, wherein said composition of aggregated microorganisms is Bug 01, having accession No. N94/53565.

27. A method of preparing a composition for the treatment of skin or hair, said method comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a fermented milk product using a method according to any one of claims 10 to 22; and 2) combining fermented milk product from step (1) with at least one other component selected from a plant extract, a preparation of plant tissue, an antiseptic, an astringent, a cleansing agent, an emollient, an exfolient, minerals, vitamins, protein, a pH modifier, a thickener or a diluent.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein said plant extract is a herb, a spice or an essential oil.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein said herb, spice or essential oil is selected from fennel, comfrey, cowslip, cucumber, elderflower, marigold, violet, witch hazel, almond oil, apricot oil, lavender oil, olive oil, peppermint essence, or sunflower oil.

30. The method according to claim 27, wherein said preparation of plant tissue Is an homogenate of fruit, vegetable or seed tissue, or a cereal preparation.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein said fruit, vegetable or seed tissue is selected from apricot, avocado, lemon, orange, peach or tomato.

32. The method according to claim 30, wherein said cereal preparation is oatmeal.