CA2176088A1 - Tubular heating element for heating hot channel nozzles and the like - Google Patents
Tubular heating element for heating hot channel nozzles and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2176088A1 CA2176088A1 CA002176088A CA2176088A CA2176088A1 CA 2176088 A1 CA2176088 A1 CA 2176088A1 CA 002176088 A CA002176088 A CA 002176088A CA 2176088 A CA2176088 A CA 2176088A CA 2176088 A1 CA2176088 A1 CA 2176088A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- fastening means
- casing
- heating
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
- B29C45/74—Heating or cooling of the injection unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/1782—Mounting or clamping means for heating elements or thermocouples
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Looms (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
To create a tubular heating element for heating hot channel nozzles having axial through channels for fluids, consisting of at least one heating coil which is embedded so as to be insulated in a good heat-conducting metal which forms the tubular shape, which is also held securely and axially immovable on the nozzle body in the heating phase, it is proposed that the tubular heating element (1) have fastening means (9), by means of which it can be fastened to the nozzle body or similar cylindrical body.
Description
Tubular Heating Element for Heating Hot Channel Nozzles and the Like The invention concerns a tubular heating element for heating hot channel nozzles or similar cylindrical bodies made of steel having an axial through channel for fluids, in particular molten substances, consisting of at least one heating coil which is embedded so as to be insulated in a good heat-conducting metal which forms the tubular shape and which is preferably surrounded on the outside by a metal casing made of a bad heat-conducting metal.
Heating elements of this type are known in the prior art. In this case, tubular heating elements are used e.g. to heat hot channel nozzles, said heating elements being furnished with an outer metal casing having heating elements in the form of coils situated on the inside along the inner surface of the metal casing. This heating coil is usually a helical tube cartridge. In addition, this coil is embedded in a good heat-conducting metal, e.g. cast with this metal, as a result of which a smooth casing surface is produced on the inside.
Due to the fact that the hot channel nozzles or similar cylindrical bodies consist of steel, while the tubular heating element as a good heat-conducting metal comprises another metal with a different heat expansion, the inside diameter of the cast heating element expands more than the nozzle part made of steel, in particular during the heating phase. This results in the danger that the heating element on the nozzle can shift in axial direction or can even fall off completely from the nozzle. Normally, such tubular heating elements are merely pushed onto the respective nozzle or the like so as to have a good seat.
Heating elements of this type are known in the prior art. In this case, tubular heating elements are used e.g. to heat hot channel nozzles, said heating elements being furnished with an outer metal casing having heating elements in the form of coils situated on the inside along the inner surface of the metal casing. This heating coil is usually a helical tube cartridge. In addition, this coil is embedded in a good heat-conducting metal, e.g. cast with this metal, as a result of which a smooth casing surface is produced on the inside.
Due to the fact that the hot channel nozzles or similar cylindrical bodies consist of steel, while the tubular heating element as a good heat-conducting metal comprises another metal with a different heat expansion, the inside diameter of the cast heating element expands more than the nozzle part made of steel, in particular during the heating phase. This results in the danger that the heating element on the nozzle can shift in axial direction or can even fall off completely from the nozzle. Normally, such tubular heating elements are merely pushed onto the respective nozzle or the like so as to have a good seat.
_ 2 -Proceeding from this prior art, the object of the invention is to create a tubular heating element of the known type which is also held securely and axially immovable on the nozzle element or the like, especially in the heating phase.
To solve this object, the invention essentially proposes that the tubular heating element have fastening means, by means of which it can be fastened to the nozzle body or similar cylindrical body.
It is possible to permanently fix the heating element to the nozzle body or cylindrical body by means of these fastening means, so that a secure seat on the nozzle body or the like is ensured, even during the heating phase and the different expansion of the heating element relative to the nozzle body associated therewith.
In addition, it is provided in a known manner that brass stands out as a good heat-conducting metal and high-grade steel as a bad heat-conducting material.
In an especially preferred embodiment, it is provided that setscrews are provided as fastening means and screwed into radial threaded bores which pass through the metal casing and the embedding material.
Furthermore, it is especially preferred that the fastening means, in particular the setscrews, seal flush with the outer surface of the metal casing or are arranged sunk vis-à-vis these in the ideal mounted position.
It is hereby attained that the fastening means, in particular the setscrew, does not protrude beyond the casing of the heating element in a troublesome manner, insofar as it is in the ideal position. A covered and inconspicuous arrangement is also possible by means of the arrangement of the setscrew and the corresponding threading in the heating element itself, whereby the arrangement of the fastening means is possible even without additional structural features. Thus, it is, for example, not necessary to arrange projections or the like in axial direction on the heating element which must be passed through by the fastening means and fastened to the nozzle body or the like with the fastening means. The overall installation length of the heating element is, therefore, not increased or changed by the additional arrangement of the fastening means.
Furthermore, it is preferably provided that fastening means, in particular setscrews, are arranged on each axial end of the heating element respectively, namely in the wedge-shaped areas which are not covered by the heating coil.
In the helical arrangement of the heating coil, wedge-shaped areas which are not covered by the heating coil result at the start of the winding of the heating element and at the end of the winding, proceeding from the connecting area, which is usually located on the one end of the heating element and radially leads into the heating element from the outside. The threaded bore or the like can bé easily placed in this area for the fastening means, without this arrangement in any way interfering with the run of the coil.
An especially preferred further embodiment is seen therein that two fastening means, in particular setscrews, are - _ 4 _ 2 1 7 6 0 88 arranged on each of the two ends of the heating element, diametrically opposite one another.
In order to avoid damage to the casing of the nozzle or the like, it can additionally be provided that the ends of the fastening means, in particular setscrews, to be attached to the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body are flattened.
It can also be provided that the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body has counterbores for receiving the end of the fastening means or the setscrew.
By means of this construction, it is, for example, possible to attach the setscrew, even with the flattened end, to the casing of the nozzle or the like, whereby it fits into the counterbore of the casing or the like. If a relative radial expansion of the heating element, which follows the screwed-in setscrew by force and occurs due to the different heat expansion, then the closing shape between the end of the setscrew or the like and the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body is ensured since the counterbore and the screw-in depth of the fastenings means, in particular the setscrew, is so large that the end of the fastening means or the setscrew still engages in the counterbore of the casing of the nozzle or the like, even when there is a maximum difference in expansion. A radial or axial shifting of the heating element is thus eliminated.
Alternatively, it is also possible that the fastening means, in particular the setscrew, can be screwed into a threading in the casing of the nozzle or of the cylindrical body and led ` _ 5 _ 2 1 76088 through a boring coaxial thereto in the metal casing and embedding material, whereby the fastening means project at least partially into the boring in the ideal mounted position.
In this embodiment, the threading is not in the heating element itself, but in the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body, so that the respective setscrew or other fastening means can be screwed into this threading. In this case, there is a clearance of motion between the fastening means (setscrew) and the casing of the heating element, so that the latter can expand radially (during heating) without the fastening means partaking in this movement or hindering this movement. Nevertheless, it is ensured that an axial shifting or radial turning of the heating element relative to the nozzle body or cylindrical body is prevented.
An example of an embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and shall be described in greater detail in the following.
Fig. 1 shows a heating element of the invention in the central longitudinal section;
Fig. 2 shows the same, seen from the front.
The tubular heating element, generally designated with 1, is used to heat hot channel nozzles or the like. A hot channel nozzle of this type, which is not shown in the drawing, is usually made of steel. It has an axial through channel for molten substances.
In the example of the embodiment, the heating element 1 - 6 ~ 2 1 76088 consists of two heating coils 2, 3 which are led off on the one end of the heating element 1 via radially extended connecting lines. In the embodiment, the heating coils 2, 3 are merely arranged in the two end areas of the heating element 1 and wound in a tight helical position. In this way, a wedge-like zone is produced in the area 5 or 6 which is free of the heating coil 2 or 3.
The heating coil consists of a helical tube cartridge, that is, of a self-supporting insulated heating element. The heating element 1 has a metal casing 7 made of high-grade steel on the outside which receives the coils 2, 3 wound on the inside along this casing 7. The heating coils are thereby cast with a sealing compound 8 of brass, the result of which is a smooth cylindrical surface on the inside.
Due to the differing expansions of the nozzle body (not shown) relative to the embedding material, consisting e.g. of cast brass, the inside diameter of the heating element 1 expands more in the heating phase than the nozzle body made of steel, so that a secure seat of the heating element 1 on the nozzle body made of steel is not ensured.
In order to obtain a secure seat of this type, the tubular heating element 1 has fastening means 9 in the form of setscrews, by means of which it can be fastened to the nozzle body or the like. The setscrews 9 are screwed into radial threaded bores 10 which pass through the metal casing 7 and the embedding material 8. The setscrew 9 is thereby dimensioned in such a way that it seals flush with the outer surface of the metal casing-7 in the ideal screw-in position or is arranged sunk vis-à-vis the latter.
- 7 ~ 2 ~ 76088 In the embodiment shown, a fastening means 9 each is allocated to each axial end of the heating element 1, namely in the respective wedge-shaped zones 5 or 6 which are not covered by the heating coil 2, 3. The two fastening means 9 are thereby arranged diametrically opposite one another on the two ends of the heating element 1, as can be seen from the illustration in Figures 1 and 2.
The ends of the fastening means 9, attached to the casing of the nozzle or the like, are flattened, so that the nozzle casing or the like is not damaged. It can also be provided that the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body has counterbores for receiving the ends of the fastening means 9, so that these are still secured in the counterbores even when there is a greater expansion of the heating element 1 relative to the nozzle body and a radial or axial shift of the heating element 1 vis-à-vis the nozzle body is thus prevented.
The invention is not restricted to the example of an embodiment, but can be varied in many ways within the scope of the disclosure.
All new individual and combined features disclosed in the descripton and/or drawing are considered to be essential to the invention.
To solve this object, the invention essentially proposes that the tubular heating element have fastening means, by means of which it can be fastened to the nozzle body or similar cylindrical body.
It is possible to permanently fix the heating element to the nozzle body or cylindrical body by means of these fastening means, so that a secure seat on the nozzle body or the like is ensured, even during the heating phase and the different expansion of the heating element relative to the nozzle body associated therewith.
In addition, it is provided in a known manner that brass stands out as a good heat-conducting metal and high-grade steel as a bad heat-conducting material.
In an especially preferred embodiment, it is provided that setscrews are provided as fastening means and screwed into radial threaded bores which pass through the metal casing and the embedding material.
Furthermore, it is especially preferred that the fastening means, in particular the setscrews, seal flush with the outer surface of the metal casing or are arranged sunk vis-à-vis these in the ideal mounted position.
It is hereby attained that the fastening means, in particular the setscrew, does not protrude beyond the casing of the heating element in a troublesome manner, insofar as it is in the ideal position. A covered and inconspicuous arrangement is also possible by means of the arrangement of the setscrew and the corresponding threading in the heating element itself, whereby the arrangement of the fastening means is possible even without additional structural features. Thus, it is, for example, not necessary to arrange projections or the like in axial direction on the heating element which must be passed through by the fastening means and fastened to the nozzle body or the like with the fastening means. The overall installation length of the heating element is, therefore, not increased or changed by the additional arrangement of the fastening means.
Furthermore, it is preferably provided that fastening means, in particular setscrews, are arranged on each axial end of the heating element respectively, namely in the wedge-shaped areas which are not covered by the heating coil.
In the helical arrangement of the heating coil, wedge-shaped areas which are not covered by the heating coil result at the start of the winding of the heating element and at the end of the winding, proceeding from the connecting area, which is usually located on the one end of the heating element and radially leads into the heating element from the outside. The threaded bore or the like can bé easily placed in this area for the fastening means, without this arrangement in any way interfering with the run of the coil.
An especially preferred further embodiment is seen therein that two fastening means, in particular setscrews, are - _ 4 _ 2 1 7 6 0 88 arranged on each of the two ends of the heating element, diametrically opposite one another.
In order to avoid damage to the casing of the nozzle or the like, it can additionally be provided that the ends of the fastening means, in particular setscrews, to be attached to the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body are flattened.
It can also be provided that the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body has counterbores for receiving the end of the fastening means or the setscrew.
By means of this construction, it is, for example, possible to attach the setscrew, even with the flattened end, to the casing of the nozzle or the like, whereby it fits into the counterbore of the casing or the like. If a relative radial expansion of the heating element, which follows the screwed-in setscrew by force and occurs due to the different heat expansion, then the closing shape between the end of the setscrew or the like and the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body is ensured since the counterbore and the screw-in depth of the fastenings means, in particular the setscrew, is so large that the end of the fastening means or the setscrew still engages in the counterbore of the casing of the nozzle or the like, even when there is a maximum difference in expansion. A radial or axial shifting of the heating element is thus eliminated.
Alternatively, it is also possible that the fastening means, in particular the setscrew, can be screwed into a threading in the casing of the nozzle or of the cylindrical body and led ` _ 5 _ 2 1 76088 through a boring coaxial thereto in the metal casing and embedding material, whereby the fastening means project at least partially into the boring in the ideal mounted position.
In this embodiment, the threading is not in the heating element itself, but in the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body, so that the respective setscrew or other fastening means can be screwed into this threading. In this case, there is a clearance of motion between the fastening means (setscrew) and the casing of the heating element, so that the latter can expand radially (during heating) without the fastening means partaking in this movement or hindering this movement. Nevertheless, it is ensured that an axial shifting or radial turning of the heating element relative to the nozzle body or cylindrical body is prevented.
An example of an embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and shall be described in greater detail in the following.
Fig. 1 shows a heating element of the invention in the central longitudinal section;
Fig. 2 shows the same, seen from the front.
The tubular heating element, generally designated with 1, is used to heat hot channel nozzles or the like. A hot channel nozzle of this type, which is not shown in the drawing, is usually made of steel. It has an axial through channel for molten substances.
In the example of the embodiment, the heating element 1 - 6 ~ 2 1 76088 consists of two heating coils 2, 3 which are led off on the one end of the heating element 1 via radially extended connecting lines. In the embodiment, the heating coils 2, 3 are merely arranged in the two end areas of the heating element 1 and wound in a tight helical position. In this way, a wedge-like zone is produced in the area 5 or 6 which is free of the heating coil 2 or 3.
The heating coil consists of a helical tube cartridge, that is, of a self-supporting insulated heating element. The heating element 1 has a metal casing 7 made of high-grade steel on the outside which receives the coils 2, 3 wound on the inside along this casing 7. The heating coils are thereby cast with a sealing compound 8 of brass, the result of which is a smooth cylindrical surface on the inside.
Due to the differing expansions of the nozzle body (not shown) relative to the embedding material, consisting e.g. of cast brass, the inside diameter of the heating element 1 expands more in the heating phase than the nozzle body made of steel, so that a secure seat of the heating element 1 on the nozzle body made of steel is not ensured.
In order to obtain a secure seat of this type, the tubular heating element 1 has fastening means 9 in the form of setscrews, by means of which it can be fastened to the nozzle body or the like. The setscrews 9 are screwed into radial threaded bores 10 which pass through the metal casing 7 and the embedding material 8. The setscrew 9 is thereby dimensioned in such a way that it seals flush with the outer surface of the metal casing-7 in the ideal screw-in position or is arranged sunk vis-à-vis the latter.
- 7 ~ 2 ~ 76088 In the embodiment shown, a fastening means 9 each is allocated to each axial end of the heating element 1, namely in the respective wedge-shaped zones 5 or 6 which are not covered by the heating coil 2, 3. The two fastening means 9 are thereby arranged diametrically opposite one another on the two ends of the heating element 1, as can be seen from the illustration in Figures 1 and 2.
The ends of the fastening means 9, attached to the casing of the nozzle or the like, are flattened, so that the nozzle casing or the like is not damaged. It can also be provided that the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body has counterbores for receiving the ends of the fastening means 9, so that these are still secured in the counterbores even when there is a greater expansion of the heating element 1 relative to the nozzle body and a radial or axial shift of the heating element 1 vis-à-vis the nozzle body is thus prevented.
The invention is not restricted to the example of an embodiment, but can be varied in many ways within the scope of the disclosure.
All new individual and combined features disclosed in the descripton and/or drawing are considered to be essential to the invention.
Claims (9)
1. Tubular heating element for heating hot channel nozzles or similar cylindrical bodies made of steel, having an axial through channel for fluids, in particular molten substances, consisting of at least one heating coil which is embedded so as to be insulated in a good heat-conducting metal which forms the tubular shape and which is preferably surrounded on the outside by a metal casing made of a bad heat-conducting metal, characterized therein that the tubular heating element (1) has fastening means (9) by means of which it can be fastened to the nozzle body or similar cylindrical body.
2. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized therein that brass is provided as a good heat-conducting metal and high-grade steel as a bad heat-conducting material.
3. Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized therein that setscrews are provided as fastening means and are screwed into radial threaded bores (10) which pass through the metal casing (7) and the embedding material (8).
4. Heating element according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized therein that the fastening means (9), in particular setscrews, seal flush with the outer surface of the metal casing or are sunk vis-à-vis it in the ideal mounted position.
5. Heating element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized therein that fastening means (9), in particular setscrews, are arranged on each axial end of the heating element (1) respectively, namely in the wedge-shaped zones (5, 6) which are not covered by the heating element (2, 3).
6. Heating element according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized therein that two fastening means (9), in particular setscrews, are each arranged on the two ends of the heating element (1), diametrically opposite one another.
7. Heating element according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized therein that the ends of the fastening means (9), in particular setscrews, attached to the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body, are flattened.
8. Heating element according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized therein that the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body has counterbores for receiving the end of the fastening means (9) or of the setscrew.
9. Heating element, in particular according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized therein that the fastening means (9), in particular the setscrew, can be screwed into a threading in the casing of the nozzle or the cylindrical body and led through a boring coaxial thereto in the metal casing (7) and embedding material (8), whereby the fastening means (9) protrude at least partially into the boring in the ideal mounted position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29510136U DE29510136U1 (en) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Pipe-like heating element for heating hot runner nozzles and the like. |
| DE29510136.9 | 1995-06-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2176088A1 true CA2176088A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 |
Family
ID=8009614
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002176088A Abandoned CA2176088A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-05-08 | Tubular heating element for heating hot channel nozzles and the like |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2176088A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE29510136U1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1284012B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8328549B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2012-12-11 | Synventive Molding Solutions, Inc. | Heating apparatus for fluid flow channel |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19538205C1 (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-02-13 | Hotset Heizpatronen Zubehoer | Tubular electrical heating element |
| DE19746311C2 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2000-05-31 | Hotset Heizpatronen Zubehoer | Electric heating cartridge |
| DE19746556A1 (en) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-05-06 | Hotset Heizpatronen Zubehoer | Heating element for making injection moulding products |
| US6817088B1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2004-11-16 | Watlow Electric Msg.C | Termination method for thick film resistance heater |
| DE10252389A1 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-27 | Watlow Gmbh | A method for connecting the electrical supply to the heating element of an injection nozzle has fixed terminals contacting the element to ease replacement |
| ITTO20030042A1 (en) | 2003-01-27 | 2004-07-28 | Piero Enrietti | HEATER-DIFFUSER DEVICE FOR A THERMAL NOZZLE |
-
1995
- 1995-06-22 DE DE29510136U patent/DE29510136U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-08 CA CA002176088A patent/CA2176088A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-13 IT IT96MI001209A patent/IT1284012B1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8328549B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2012-12-11 | Synventive Molding Solutions, Inc. | Heating apparatus for fluid flow channel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE29510136U1 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
| ITMI961209A1 (en) | 1997-12-13 |
| ITMI961209A0 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
| IT1284012B1 (en) | 1998-05-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |