CA2166056A1 - Method for making an inactivated mineral material and resulting inactivated material - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of manufacturing a substrate, characterized in that a base is prepared comprising a predetermined quantity of a biomineral material, synthesized by at least one or part of living structure chosen from the plant, animal and / or micro kingdoms -organisms; and said base is transformed into an inactivated biomineral substrate with a predefined texture as a function of extemporaneous use chosen in particular as thermal, sound insulation, filter, acoustic membrane, decorative wall, fabric, thread, or as a function of medical use and / or determined paramedical. As a variant, the method allows the production of a nutritive substance for natural and / or artificial soils, and said base is transformed into a nutritive inactivated mineral substance of predefined composition and texture according to the nature and the needs of the soils concerned. . According to another variant, said base is transformed into an inactivated mineral material and of predefined texture as filler.

Description

~ WO 95l29250 2 1 ~ ~ O ~ ~ PCT / ~ C ~ 38 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING I OF ACTIVATED lvIINERAL I ~ ACTIVATED, AND DISABLED MATERIAL THUS OBTAINED

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture or production of extemporaneous and inactivated mineral matter as well as to an inactivated material obtained next ~ this process.
The present invention provides a method for producing a mineral material 10 extemporaneous, that is to say ready to be used in any way. By example, the material thus produced could be used as "filler" or contribution in a compound for filling, rearrangement, cementing, assembly, primer, coating, water repellency, or the like.
In other words, not only does the material according to the invention replace la15 stone, but it also allows enva ~ 7er quantity of unknown applications to date, in fields as varied as construction, manufacturing mechanical, electrical, phonic, agriculture, environment, etc.
The invention provides for the use of any "living structure" with petrifying power. By 20 mineralizing, mineralized or mineralizable "living structure", it must be understood any cell structure or cell origin (vé ~ étale, animal or microorganic), living e ~ / or resulting ~ an ~ from life and / or compounds of origin organic, crystallized or not. such as enzymes, hormones, proteins, DNA, etc.
By "inactivated matter", it is necessary to understand matter conforming to the invention ~ ion and devoid 25 of any biological activity ~lou biomineralizing including any activity pathogenic microbiological.
The sources of mineral material available for implementing the process are considerable. The number of different mineral materials it is possible 30 to use, imitate or replace, with respect to the state of the art, is not limited only by the current state of our knowledge; lnces.

-W095 / 29250 PCT / FR95 / OOS38 _

2 ~ 0S6 The use of living structures, in the technique specific to the invention makes it possible to call upon the recovery or recycling of waste or by-products constituting a mineral intake or capable of generating a mineral intake, by enhancing them.
It should also be noted that the invention turns out to be economical in terms of its implementation, 5 and results in a product of suffammen ~ simple so that it can be used by everyone, without qualification, training or specialized and expensive equipment.
In view of the above, the subject of the invention is a manufacturing process or obtaining a mineral material or composition characterized by the stages consisting 10 to:
-Prepare a base comprising a predetermined quan ~ ity of a mineral material, synthesized in nature or industrially by at least one or part of a structure living ~ y ~ alL ~ nant in the plant and / or animal kingdom.
-Treat said base so as to transform it into an inactivated mineral matter and 15 predefined texture as a function of a chosen extemporaneous usae, and for example as that contribution charge.
Of course, the term "mineral" must be understood here in the broad sense, namely asincluding in its composition a mineral.
According to another characteristic, the base preparation step can include a phase consisting in cultivating the aforementioned living structure during a period and in a medium such that at least a part called "mineral biomass" of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure.
The treatment step then includes a phase of inactivation of the structure alive. By inactivation is meant obtaining inactivated material, such as defined above, from living structure as defined above.
This inactivation phase can be carried out by adding at least one salt such as

For example magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, barium chloride, sodium fluosilicate. ~ sodium ate.

2 ~
~ WO 95l29250 PCT / FR95 / 00538 Other inactivation methods can be used, alone or in addition, including irradiation and elevation to a higher temperature ~ that the structure alive supports.
A kneading phase can be carried out during one of the process steps.
Preferably, this kneading phase is carried out at least in part simllltan ~ nlent to another phase of the process, including inactivation.
The process according to the invention can therefore be used with microorganisms and / or 10 cells, of plant or animal origin, alone, or in symbiotic association or other, mineralized, mineralizable or mineralizable.
The aforementioned living structure can be a vé, ~ stall and / or animal or part of a plant and / or animal such as cell, tissue or gold ~ donkey.
15 The existence of many compounds of a natural varied and often complex mineralogy (calcium or silica for example), visible in the fi ~ uré state, in cells or cellic origin. These are salts considered until now as waste of cell life that the organm ~ never re-uses. The presence of these substances is generally zo explained by the fact that the body absorbs salts (calcium or silicon etc ...) in a quantity greater than his needs and that he gets rid of the surplus under crystallized form during purely physico-chemical reactions.
However, these salts synthesized in organ, do not result from simple 25 physicochemical reactions and microorg ~ lnisms mineralized ~ eurs are frequently involved in these deposits of plant cells. These mineralizing microorganisms can be multiplied inside or extracted from these cells.
and multiplied in vitro.
This plenomenon, the basis of the process of the invention, is a source of non-precipitated 3 only calcic and / or silicic but also fluorinated, barytés, ferru ~ ineux and others.
It is observed in particular in all the vegetable kingdom, as well in vé ~ vices higher than in vé_étau, Y lower.

W0 95 129 250 PCT / ~ 53 ~ ~

In general, these deposits can contribute to stiffening the membranes and / or the walls (They are very abundant in the lower plants where they encrust the mycelia and spore walls as seen in Mushrooms Ascomycetes) and / or intervene in cellular physiology.
5 It is generally considered that these impregnations (calcium and / or silicic and / or others) are only dependent on the global physiology of gold ~ nicme, or particular organ (s). However, the microorgani ~ my mineralizers, present (calcifiers, and / or silicifiers and / or others) participate, by exchanges symbiotics or other nature, to mineralization.
0 The concept on which the process of the present invention is based resides in the presence and the effective, almost general, participation of microorganisms in power mineralizer and leads to a wide variety of application possibilities.
We can thus have recourse, in the vegetable kingdom, just as well to plants 15 superior, dicotyledonous, monocotyledonous, only to lower plants thallophytic or microorganic.
Depending on the case, the selected structure is cultivated in vivo, in soil, on a rich layer.
in organic matter. by hydroponics, in a Petri dish, in a reactor such as 2 0 fermenter or by battery farming, on feet or fish farming, no ~ amment.
According to another characteristic, the structure is cultivated in a nutritive medium suitable known to those skilled in the art such as Knopp liquid, Earle solution, Hanks, medium known as "l99", medium of Sabouraud, medium MEM-Eagle or the like.
According to yet another characteristic, the step of preparing the base comprises a phase consisting in harvesting and / or collecting the abovementioned living structure, and in incorporate it in the base in proportions such that this contribution constitutes at least part of the mineral material required.
The mineral material thus collected and / or collected may be of various types:
carbonate, siliceous. saline, fluorinated, bary ~ ée, carbonée, ~ erruSgineuse, in form by e ~ example of deposit, concretion ~ ion current and / or fossil. It is then incorporated into the base either during the preparation stage or during the treatment stage.

~ WO 95 / 292S0 21 6 6 ~ 5 6 PCT / FR9S / 00538 But fossil and / or other sedimentary rocks such as granite, basalt, stone pumice or others can enter into the composition of the final material.
During a possible phase of the process, at least one of the biomass, the base, the material and / or the aforementioned mineral material is fragmented during the step of 5 preparation, and / or during the treatment stage.
The invention is characterized in that, in addition, the fragmentation phase is carried out until a certain texture or malleability is obtained.
The aforementioned fragmentation is at least partially effected by dislocation using 10 ultrasound and / or physicochemical means, such as the addition of additives, irradiation, cryogenic and / or heat treatment, broyaoe or pressure variation.
One of the phases of the process can consist in developing a suspension of the biomass, of the aforementioned base or material in a liquid, preferably aqueous for spraying or applying with a brush, for example. This liquid can enter the composition of one of the aforementioned culture media.
It is possible to incorporate during one phase of the process, at least one of the culture medium, biomass. the material. Ia base and mineral matter, a coloring substance of predetermined shade.
A possible phase of the preparation and / or treatment step ~ consists in incorporate in at least one of the biomass, the medium, the material ~ u, the base and the mineral matter, a cohesion and / or texture agent.
This cohesion and / or texturing agent is preferably metallic such as calcium, magnesium, silicon. blryum, sodium, fluorine, alumillium, iron, manganese, zinc, ororganic such as collasgene, mucopolysaccharide and / or poly-cellulosic compound.
Advantageously, the proportions and the composition of the aforementioned tex ~ ure agent are chosen so that the final material has a predetermined hardness and / or elasticity.
Furthermore, the method is characterized in that it comprises a phase of total or partial dehydration of the inactivation salt (s) making up the base and / or the aforementioned mineral matter.

WO 95/29250 PCT ~ FR95 / 00538 ~

2 ~ 6 -This dehydration phase can be at least partially carried out by filtering, centrifugation, heat and / or cryogenic treatment etc ...
It is conceivable according to the method, that the inactivation, dehydration and fra ~ ment ~ fion, are at least partially performed simultaneously.
During one of the phases or stages of the process, a foaming additive for example, fibrous, agglomerating, insulating, flame retardant or the like may be incorporated into the base and / or the aforementioned mineral material.
The trafficking stage may include a phase of conditioning in a suitable packaging, in particular aerosol, of the mineral material which constitutes a final product.
The invention also relates to a mineral material or composition inactivated with extemporaneous use, and for example as a filler, in solid form, 15 pasty or fluid, this material being obtained according to the process explained above.
But other advantages and particularities of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of examples of its application, which are explained below.
20 The process for manufacturing or obtaining a mineral material or composition inactivated for extemporaneous use mainly comprises two stages. The first one consists in preparing a base comprising a predetermined quantity of an aluminum material synthesized by at least one or part of living structure selected from the plant, animal and / or micro-organism kingdoms.
25 The classification below gives e ~ <non-limiting uses of structures capable of being selected for the application of the invelltion:
a) - Among the Dicotyledon ~ s:
30 -The cells of the order of the Daucales, family of Araliaceae, genus Hedera including Hedera helix;
-The cells of the order of Arales, genus Rhaphidophora, species Syngonium podophyllum (Schott), "Albolineatum", species SynPonium auritum syn.
Philodendron trifolium and species Syngonium has ~ ifolium;

~ wo 9s / 2g250 2: 1 6 6 0 ~ (~ PCT / FR95 / 00S38 , ..! ~! - ~
--7 -:.

-The cells of the order of Solanales, family of Bignoniacées, Catalpabignonioid species where it is calcium oxalate in octahedral form, "in sea urchins", present in abundance in the cells of the petioles, for example.
But, in addition, any plant cell, even one that is not very symbiotic is 5 likely, by the process which we have just stated, to be mineralized and / or over-mineralized if it is brought into contact with such microorganisms.
This is the case for the above cells, but also for all plant cells for example from scrub in the form of shavings, sawdust, and which by this process petrifies ~ = transform into tuffeuse and / or travertine stone.
b) - Among the Monocotyledons:
- Cells of the order of Pandarales including those of the Typhacea family;
- Grass cells including those of Lemnaceae, 15 c) - Among the Ferns:
The skin on Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) is the scene of mineral silica products often considered as concretions from, epidermal membrane secretions while implicated therein 2 o bacteria in the periphery and / or in the cells of Equisetum arvense. These explain the deposits of silica intra and / or ex ~ racellulaire.
The siliceous covering of the sterile aerial shoot of the Equisetum arvense and the deposits of opaline silica encrusting the epidermis of its different aerial ores is linked to the presence and the symbiotic participation of bacteria. These are bacilli from 0.4 to 25 0.7 microns in length and 0.1 microns thick. These mineralizing bacilli cause a progressive external impasto of the cells concerned as and when. measure of the development of the sails made of concrete. These successive veils cause a homogeneous and laminated siliceous covering.
3 0 d) - Among the Algae:
Biomineral masses resulting from the multiplication and accumulation of frustules of algae in a natural or industrial way are applicable to the invention. We will quote for example:

WO 95/29250 PCT / FR95 / 00538 ~
2 ~

- The Rhodophyceae with mainly ~ the ~ iemalionales ~ the Solenoporaceae and the Corallinaceae (including Lithothamnium, Melobesia; -- Chlorophyceae with Siphonales (including Codiaceae including H ~ lime ~) and Dacycladales (including dacycladaceae including Acétabularia);
5 - Charophyceae with characeae including Cladophora and Vaucheria;
- Schizophyceae with Porostroma ~ ae ~ Spongiostroma don ~ Rivularia, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Chroococcus e ~ Gleoc; lpsa son ~ suitable for selection.
e) - Lichens:
10 Biomineral mass can also result from the culture of a vé ~ étale association tripartite of lichenic type. Lichens are composite plant associations.
The so-called bened association ~ reciprocal ice consists of a fungus, an alga e ~
mineralizing bacteria similar to those mentioned above.
These bacteria contribute to complex and pigmented mineral encrustations 15 within the mycelium.
The existence of deposits of lichenic acids in the form of extracellular crystals and hydrophobic due to the mineralization of lichens by said symbiont bacteria. The symbiotic bacteria are distinguished from c ~ anob.lc ~ éries sometimes cited by their small 2 0 size and the absence of pigmen ~.
In the present invention, the living structure can therefore be quite simply the cells of an amsi physiologically equipped plant.
f) - Among the Mushrooms:
The structure of vegetable origin can be a lower plant chosen from among fungi and their spores.
g) -Among microorganisms:
30 Obviously, the living structure can be a microorganism such as virus or bacteria including bacillus megatherium, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putida. buttau: ciella a_restis, rhodococcus, serratia marescens.
It is possible to envisage the use of a virus as a living structure.

~ Wo 95/29250 ~ 6 PCT ~ R95 / 00538 _ g _, ~

The living structure can also be an animal, or part of an animal such as a cell, tissue and / or organ, chosen from protozoa or invertebrate metazoans such as sponges, lamellibranchs and echinoderms or among vertebrates.
It goes without saying that one or more compatible living structures, symbiotic or 5 cooperants can be cultivated within the same environment, whether they are of vegetable, animal and / or micro-organic origin.
The first stage of preparation aims to obtain a mineral base, that is to say an intermediate product. Preferably, the base preparation step comprises 10 a pllase of cultivating the aforementioned living structure for a period and in a medium such that at least a part called "mineral biomass" of said material is so produced or synthesized by this structure.
15 The second step consists in processing said base after its over-mineralization so as to transform into a mineral material deactivated or inactivated and of predefined texture according to a use ex ~ grabbed chosen.
For example, one or more of the correspondence between the structures vivan ~ es and the following minerals and / or rocks can be selected 2 in accordance with the invention:
Hedera helix cells <>Oxal; lte of culcium / Limestone Ficus él ~ stica cells <> Calcium carbonate / Limestone Equisetum cells <> Silica / Opaline / Silicified wood / Sandstone 25 Gr ~ cells mined <> Silica / Opaline / Silicified wood / Sandstone Typhacea cells <> Silica / Opaline / Silicified wood / Sandstone Charnpignon Ascomycète <> Calcium dipicolinate / Limestone Pectascinaceae cells <--> - Calcium carbonate / Limestone Seaweed algae <> Silica / Dia ~ omite /
3 o Alga Rhodophycea.c> C ~ rbona ~ e of calcium / Limestone / Travertine Chlorophycea algae, <> Calcium carbonate / Limestone / Travertine Cyanophyceae algae <> Cal carbollate (: ium / Limestone / Travertine L ~ mellibranche mollusk <> Calcium carbollate / Limestone / Sandstone shellfish WO 95/29250 PCT / ER95 / 00538 ~

The production of biomass obeys the usual laws of the growth of structures alive: it is not necessary to describe here the cultivation phase with precision Those skilled in the art will be able to determine according to the living structure to be grown, which culture method and which medium can be used most successfully.
5 Thus, it is possible, depending on the type of structure selected, to use one of the elaborate processes such as in vivo culture, in soil, on a layer rich in matter organic, by hydroponics, in a Petri dish, in a reactor such as a fermenter or by raised in battery, on feet or pixciculture, in particular.
10 In the case of plants retaining their integrity, conventional methods of crops are preferably used (in soil, greenhouse, hydroponics, etc.).
When the aforementioned living structure is a part of a plant such as cellulose, tissue or organ, the living structure can therefore have for ori ~ ine a plant called superior, monocotyledonous, such as T (ontill ~ oc of water or dicotyledonous and in particular among the Daucales, Lianes, Bignoniacées, Morées, Cornaceae, Cactaceae.
For this type of structure which, by e ~ cample produces a tuffy material and / or travertine, it is possible to use the following culture medium:
Distilled water .......... 1000 vrams Calcium nitrate ..... .0.71 Potassium nitrate ... Ø568 Magnesium sulfate ... ..0, ~ 84 Ammonium phosphate .. O, l4 ~ -Ferric chloride ..... 0, ll 2 Potassium iodide .... .0.00 ~ 8 Boric acid .......... Ø0005 Zinc S ulfate ...... 0.0005 3 o Manganese sulphate ... .0.0005 But, moreover, the structure of vegetable ori ~ ine can be an alga and in particular Rhodophycea, Chlorophycea ~. Charophycea, Schyzophycea, Cyanophycea, Pheophycea and / or even a Protophyte, and then other medium, Y can be envisaged.

~ WO95129250 216 ~ PCT / FRg5100538 It is the same if the living structure is an animal, or part of an animal such that cell ~ tissue and organ, and no ~ initiate a protozoan with a sandy, carbonate test, siliceous or chitinous, from mesogleas from sponges to calcareous or siliceous spicules, coral cells, epidermal shell cells, or 5 cells at the origin of bone structures in vertebrates. Mineral biomass can be obtained by in-vitro culture of the tissue and / or organ cells involved in mineral biosyntheses of the animal kingdom.
It is possible to use e ~ <ample ~ i of current coral production and / or fossils to make specific limestones.
Microorganisms are also abundantly cultivated in commercial industrial fermenters, and in particular filter ultra-fermenters tangen ~ iel, which allow to obtain a continuous prGduction.
15 One or more compatible living structures can be cultivated within a same environment, possibly with at least one other compatible structure of origin vegetable, animal and / or microorganic.
The second step consists in processing said base after its over-mineralization so as to transform into an inactivated mineral material with a predefined texture depending 20 of a temporary use chosen.
In the case of biomass production from a living structure, the step of treatment then includes a phase of inac ~ iv ~ ion of 1 ~ living structure.
25 This inactivation phase can be effected ~ uée by adding at least one salt such as for example o ~ cyde of ma_nesium, sulphate of m ~ gnesium, calcium chloride, barium chloride in anhydrous form preferably.
Biomass is stabilized, i.e. inactivated so that any development cell is interrupted. Such a result can be obtained by adding in 30 suitable proportions. one or more of the above salts, or substances having analogous effects on the living structure re ~ enue.
In the case of the use of these compounds, the proportions (in unit of mass) respective of 1 part of sulf: ~ e of magnesium, () .5 per ~ ie of calcium chloride, 0.5 W0 95 129 250 PCT / FR95 / 00 ~ 38, ~

$ ~ -12-part of barium chloride, '~ parts of macnesium oxide preferably anhydrous, are acceptable. However, these proportions may vary within a range from 20% to 50%.
Other inaclivation methods can be used, alone or in addition, 5 including the useful ~ n- ~ n of chemical compounds including fluosilicates or high temperature irradiation and elevation. A mixing phase can be executed during one of the process steps. Preferably, this kneading phase is carried out at least in part simultaneously with another phase of the process, and especially during inactivation.
Two inactivation phases can be used: one during product development, the other during use. The total inactivation of the living structures of the base is then produces by mixing the biomass and the salts mentioned, with a supply of water in equal amount, to guarantee a good mixture of these. For example, we can 15 add the base to the salts mentioned in proportions ranging from 0.5 of base for 1 of salts to 4 basic for 1 of salts.
One of the many advantages of the invention is that the preparation step of the base little ~ include a ph: ~ consisting of harvesting or collecting either the ~, Lu ~ c 20 aforementioned living either mineral material ~ sedimentary, and ~ incorporate it at the base into proportions such that this contribution constitutes at least part of the material mineral required.
It is possible to collect the material; ~ u mhléral in the form for example of deposit, actual and / or fossil concretion, and incorporate it into the base either during the step 25 preparation, either during the processing step.
Furthermore, the living structure is chosen so that its associated mineral matter contains at least one carbonate, siliceous, selenitic or analogues.
Many other new sources of mineral can be used in accordance with the invention. Brushcutting or other ricultural operations (crops of which haymaking, harvesting, vend ~ nges and ~ other) generate large quantities of products ~, WO 95/29250 PCT ~ R95 ~ 3 --l3--. ~

mineralized or mineralizable or mineral ~ readers and suitable for over-mineralization (hay, straw, thatch etc ...).
Certain industrial operations generate waste of vegetable origin, such as sciu, re, which can be mineralized. We quote relatively rigid plant cells 5 and particularly those of the Lianas cornme for example Syngonium podophyllum, Syngonium auritum syn. Philodendron trifolium and Syngonium hastifolium. Of Ivy, fig trees, are a potential source of mineral substrates. It the same goes for coastal deposits of marine vessels such as the Maerl.
10 During a possible phase of the process, at least one of the biomass, the base, the material and / or the aforementioned mineral matter is fraEmented during the step of preparation, and possibly during the inactivating trai ~ ing step.
For example if during the culture of a living structure we obtain stacks 15 minerals and / or laminates, which can possibly be broken up for their use in within the base. Similarly, if part or 1 ~ all of the material ~ mineral u is constituted by fossils or solid waste, as explained above, the blocks in masses collected can be ground or fresh.
The franmentation phase is carried out until a texture or 20 compensated malleability. In other words, the purpose of the fraymentation is to obtain a more or less loose material, and preferably with a given particle size.
The above mentioned fragmentation is at least partially carried out by dislocation using ultrasound and / or plysico-chemical means, such as the addition of additives, 2 5 cryogenic and / or thermal treatment, ground (Te or pressure variation.
In this case, one of the phases of the process may consist in preparing a suspension of the aforementioned biomass or fragmented material in a liquid, preferably aqueous.
30 It is possible to incorporate during a phase of the process, at least in one pammi the culture medium, biomass, m-material. the base and the mineral matter, a coloring substance of predetermined shade ~ erminate. This substance is possibly a biomass element.

Wo 95/29250 PCT / FR95 / 00538 A preparation and / or treatment step can consist in incorporating into one at less among the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and the mineral matter, a cohesion or texture agent. This agent is preferably a binder in particular metallic such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, 5 iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide and poly-cellulosic compound.
It is already understood that this agent possibly acts as an inactivation compound.
in the case of a base comprising a living structure, cultivated or collected.
Advantageously, the proportions and the composition of the cohesion agent and / or of 10 te, aforementioned yture are chosen so that the final material has a hardness or predetermined elasticity.
During one of the phases or stages of the process, an additive by foaming example:
fibreu: c, agglomerating, insulating, flame retardant or the like can be incorporated into the base 15 and / or the aforementioned mineral material.
The composition of the mineral or biomineral material can be chosen according to of the substrate on which it is to be applied. We can thus imitate the "patina" of a any material, or reconstitute the ~ petro ~ raphic encement of any surface 2 0 artificial.
Furthermore, the process is characterized in that it comprises a phase of at least partial dehydration of one or more components of the base and / or the aforementioned mineral matter.
This dehydration phase can be at least partially carried out by filtering, irradiation, centrifu ~ ation, heat treatment and / or cryoL ~ enique.
It is conceivable according to the method, that the inactivation, dehydration and fragmentation, are at least partially carried out simultaneously.
The processing step may include a phase of conditioning in a suitable packaging, mineral material which constitutes a finished product.
An example of the course of the process phases can be envisaged as follows:
base is constituted by a biomass obtained by in vitro culture of a mineralizing microorganism in the presence of residual plant cells from the 35 grind of brush ~ es ~ chips, sawdust, etc. The biomineral suspension obtained is colored then dried and the mixture is then kneaded and undergoes a contribution of inactivation salts. This powder can be used as a cement, and hardens after drying.

W095 / 29250 PCTn ~ 5/00538 : ..;

The process described in the present application, according to ~ vention also relates to a production process nutrient from soil, natural and / or artificial, by biomineralization, so ~ ue la nutrient obtained by this usable process in the fields of agronomy, agriculture, horticulture and industries arising from these activities such as fertilizer production and miscellaneous amendments.
Soils show structural deficiencies and / or chemical deficiencies which limit qualitatively and quantitatively the products harvested; they are often too limestone, too siliceous or too clayey and never exactly meet plant needs cultivated. This results in drying phenomena and / or compaction, or conversely, phenomena waterlogging or even hydromorphy.
Known methods to try to prevent such phenomena consist in making a contribution of limestone or in lime to remedy excess acidity and / or structural defect in agricultural land. This technique known compensates more or less and often in the short term, the obvious imbalances in the soil, but turns out to be coarse during prolonged application. Indeed, repeated, empirical and blind input (irregularities in spreading; doses unsuitable for real soil needs) d ~ elements foreign to the initial composition of a soil imperfectly compensates for structural deficiencies and / or chemical deficiencies and can lead to disorders in all kinds, especially in the long term.

W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / OOS38 ~ 16-Treatments for intensive chemical inputs costly and polluting: limestone can block by making certain elements insoluble essential for plants like iron and various trace elements (manganese, zinc, copper) thus causing deficiencies.
The present invention overcomes these drawbacks and proposes a process for the production of a substance 10 nutritious for natural and / or artificial soils. This process improves the micro-organic activity of the soil, accelerates humification and mineralization while neutralizing toxic ions. Improving main chemical properties of the soil is fast and lS important: the decomposition of organic matter is accelerated, which facilitates its integration into the ground. The process offers fertilization possibilities localized according to the variability of the soils within a same plot, improves drainage or even compaction and / or decompaction of the earth. In the case of a calcium biomineral nutrient, process provides active limestone with a degree of finesse comparable to that of the best silts which favors especially the flocculation of humus. This process of production is characterized by the stages consisting in:
- prepare a base including a predetermined amount of a mineral material synthesized by at least one or part of living structure chosen from the kingdom plant, animal and / or microorganisms; and - process said base so as to transform it into a nutritious and textured inactivated mineral predefined according to the nature and needs of the soil concerned in order to improve both the structure and the ~ W095l292S0 2 1 6 6 0 ~ ~ PCT ~ R9 ~ / 00538 ! ~
.,. , '~

1 biochemical and / or biological composition of soils natural and / or artificial ~ ls intended for culture.
The invention can make use of any living structure "
petrifying. By "living structure", mineralizing, mineralized or mineralizable, it is necessary understand any cell or origin structure living cell (plant, animal or micro-organic) and / or resulting from life and / or from the original compounds 10 biological, crystallized or not, such as enzymes, hormones, proteins, ~ DN, etc.
By ~ inactivated matter ~, we must understand matter in accordance with the invention and devoid of any activity biological and / or biomineralizing, in particular of any 15 pathogenic micro-biological activity.
Sources of mineral material available for placement the process of the invention are considerable, especially since it is possible to use structures living from recovery or recycling of waste or by-products constituting a mineral supply or able to generate a mineral supply, by rewarding Note, moreover, that the invention is economical as for its implementation and results in a product easy enough to use used by everyone, without qualification, training or specialized and expensive equipment.
One of the numerous advantages of the invention consists in:
dose, in the base preparation step, in major elements and ~ or trace elements according to their insufficiency in the soil or according to the needs of cultures. This dosing phase advantageously allows treat all soils (acidic or basic) by performing a specific contribution (calcium, silica, or others according to 1 es needs ) .
Another advantage of the invention is the use of microorganisms and / or mineralizing organisms chosen in a suitable environment. The biomineralization is therefore integrated into the natural cycle of soil unlike the known liming technique 10 and ~ or for spreading conventional fertilizers, such as super phosphates, etc.
The present invention also relates to the substance biomineralized nutrient obtained by the previous process and ready to be used in such varied fields 15 than those relating to agronomic and agricultural activities and horticultural and industries arising from these activities such as fertilizer production and miscellaneous amendments. It has the advantage of providing a contribution of porous structure to treated floors, favoring 20 gas exchanges and water circulation inside the ground and between the ground and the atmosphere ambient.
Other advantages and features of the invention 25 will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of examples of its implementation, and which are explained below.
The process for making or obtaining a material or inactivated mineral composition for extemporaneous use 3 0 mainly comprises two stages.
The first step is to prepare a base including a predetermined amount of a mineral material synthesized by at least one or part of the structure living selected ~ armi the plant, animal and / or kingdom ~ W095 / 29250 2 1 6 6 0 5 6 PCT ~ R95 / OOS38 `- ~! . . '. ~.

1 microorganisms. This mineral base constitutes a intermediate product.
The following classification gives examples not limiting of living structures capable of being selected for the application of the invention:
a) - Among the Dicotyledons:
- The cells of the order of the Daucales, family of 10 Araliaceae, genus Hedera including Hedera helix;
- The cells of the order of Arales, genus Rhaphidophora, species Syngonium podophyllum (Schott), ~ Albolineatum ", Syngonium auritum syn species.
Philodendron trifolium and species Syngonium hastifolium i 15 - Cells of the order of Solanales, family of Bignoniaceae, Catalpa bignonioid species.
In addition, any plant cell, even the one that would be little symbiotic is susceptible, by the process of 20 invention, to be mineralized and / or super-mineralized if it is brought into contact with such microorganisms.
This is the case for the above cells, but also for all plant cells derived for example from brush in the form of shavings, sawdust, and which by 25 this process petrify that is to say turn into petrified, carbonated and / or silico-carbonated substrate.
b) - Among the Monocotyledons:
- Cells of the order of Pandarales including those of the family of ~ yphaceae;
- Grass cells including those of Lemnaceae.
c) - Among the Ferns:

W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R9 ~ / 0053 The skin on Ecuisetum arvense (Horsetail) is the theater of produc ~ mineral silica ions often considered as concretions resulting from secretions epidermal membranes while there involved bacteria on the periphery and / or in cells of E uisetum arvense. These explain the intra and / or extracellular silica deposits.
d) - Among the Algae:
10 Biomineral masses resulting from the multiplication and accumulation of seaweed frustules so natural or industrial are applicable to the invention. For example :
- Rhodophytes with mainly 15 Némalionales, Solenoporaceae and Corallinaceae (including Lithothamnium, Melobesia);
- The Chromophytes ~ ui include in particular the Chromophyceae and especially Diatomophyceae with siliceous productionsi 20 _ Chlorophytes with Siphonales (including Codiaceae including Halimeda) and Dacycladales (comprising dacycladaceae including. ~ ketabularia);
- Cyanophytes with Porostromata and Spongiostroma including Rivularia, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, 25 Chroococcus and Gleocapsa are suitable for selection.
e) - Lichens:
Biomineral mass can also result from cultivation of a tripartite plant association of the lichen type.
Lichens are composite plant associations.
The so-called mutual benefit association consists of a fungus, algae and mineralizing bacteria, so-called symbiont bacteria, similar to those targeted ~ WO95 / 29250 2 ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ PcTn ~ 5/00538 _ 21_ . . -.; . .

previously. These bacteria contribute to - complex and pigmented mineral inlays within mycelium.
f) - Among the Mushrooms and their spores.
g) - Among microorganisms: virus or bacteria including megatherium bacillus, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putida, buttauxiella agrestis, rhodococcus, serratia marescens.
The living structure can also be an animal, or part of animal such as cell, tissue and / or organ, chosen among protozoa or invertebrate metazoans such as sponges, lamellibranchs and 15 echinoderms or among vertebrates.
Preferably, the base preparation step comprises a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in an environment such as 20 minus a so-called "mineral biomass" part of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure.
For example, one or more of the matches between living structures and minerals and / or rocks below, can be selected according to the invention:
Hedera helix cells <-> Calcium oxalate / Limestone Ficus elastica cells <-> Calcium carbonate /
Limestone - 30 Equisetum cells <-> Silica / Opaline ~ Silicified wood /Sandstone - Grass cells <--> Silica / Opaline / Wood silicified ~ Sandstone W095 / 29250. PCT ~ 5/00 ~ 38 ~
.

1 cells of ~ yphacces c -> Silica / Opaline / ~ ois silicified / Sandstone Ascomycete mushroom <--> Czlcium dipicolinate /
Limestone Pectascinaceae cells <-> Calcium carbonate /
Limestone Seaweed algae <-> Silica / Diatomite /
Rhodophyceae algae, <-> Calcium carbonate / Limestone /
Travertine 10 Chlorophyceae algae, <-> Calcium carbonate / Limestone /
Travertine Cyanophyceae algae <-> Calcium carbonate / Limestone /
Travertine Lamellibranche mollusk <--> Calcium carbonate /
15 Limestone / Shell sandstone The process of the invention thus makes it possible to produce carbonate substances for soil treatment acids, thanks to the supply of calcium carbonate 20 of biological origin and siliceous substances in sight treatment of basic soils thanks to a contribution of silica of biological origin.
The production of biomass obeys the usual laws of growth of living structures.
In the case of plants retaining their integrity, the conventional cultivation methods are preferably used (in soil, greenhouse, hydroponics, etc.).
When the living structure is part of a plant such as cell, tissue or organ, the living structure can therefore originate from a so-called superior plant, monocot, such as duckweed or dicot l ~ wo95 / 292sal 2 ~ PCTn ~ 5/00538 and in particular among the Daucales, the Lianas, the Bignoniacées, Morées, Cornaceae, Cactaceae.
For this type of structure which, for example, produces a tuff and / or travertine material, it is possible to use the following culture medium:
Distilled water 1,000.00 grams Calcium nitrate 0.71 Potassium nitrate 0.568 0.284 magnesium sulfate Ammonium phosphate 0.142 Ferric chloride 0.112 Potassium iodide 0.0028 Boric acid 0.0005 Zinc sulfate 0.0005 Manganese sulfate 0.0005 Furthermore, the structure of plant origin can be an alga and in particular Rhodophyte, Chlorophyte, 20 Cyanophyte, Chromophyte and / or a Protophyte, and then other environments are possible.
The same is true if the living structure is an animal, or part of an animal. Mineral biomass can be obtained by in-vitro culture of tissue cells and / or organ involved in the mineral biosyntheses of the kingdom animal, but also by using productions current and / or fossil.
Microorganisms are also cultivable in a way. 30 abundant in commercial industrial fermenters, and in particular ultra-fermenters with tangential filtration which allow continuous production.

W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95100S38 ~
2 ~

l One or more compatible living structures can be grown in the same environment, possibly with at least one other compatible original structure vegetable, animal and / or micro-organic.
The base preparation step may include a harvesting phase or collection either of the living structure mentioned above, either sedimentary mineral material, and its incorporation into the base in such proportions that this contribution constitutes at least part of the material mineral required.
It is possible to collect the mineral material under form, for example, deposit, actual concretization and / or fossil, and incorporate it at the base in 15 proportions determined either during the stage of preparation, either during the exposed treatment step further.
Furthermore, the living structure is chosen so that 20 its associated mineral matter contains at least one carbonate, siliceous, selenitic mineral component or the like.
Many other new mineral sources are usable in accordance with the invention. The brushcutting or other agricultural operations (crops including haymaking, harvesting, harvesting and others) generate large quantities of products mineralized, or mineralizable, or mineralized, and suitable for over-mineralization (hay, straw, thatch, etc.).
Certain industrial operations generate waste of plant origin, such as sawdust, which can be mineralized, and / or supermineralized, but we can also ~ 09S / 29250 21 ~ PCT ~ R9S / OOS38 _ 25 ~

1 use the waste resulting from brush cutting. It the same goes for coastal deposits of seaweed, source in part of Maerl, phylitous aggregates (such micas) or plastic spherules, etc.
The processing step aims to produce a basis for appropriately dosed natural mineralization, both in major elements than in trace elements, according to deficits encountered during cultivation.
Another advantage of the invention is to be able to correct deficient natural mineralization in a given soil not only by incorporating an extemporaneous base previously mineralized and inactivated, but also of allow in-situ - and active - biomineralization of 15 potting soils and / or soils in contact with micro-bodies and / or mineralizing bodies chosen in an adequate environment.
The second step of the process of the invention consists in 20 process said base after its over-mineralization so as to the trans ~ ormer in an inactivated mineral matter and predefined texture depending on the nature and agricultural soil needs.
25 In the case of biomass production, from a living structure, the treatment stage may include a phase of inactivation of the living structure, consisting in interrupting all cellular development by adding a salt or substances having analogous effects on the living structure retained, in suitable proportions.
Other inactivation methods can be used alone or in addition, including irradiation and W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / 00 ~ 38 J

2 1 ~ 26 -1 elevation at high temperature. We can use the inactivation phase during product development.
A mixing phase can be performed during one of the process steps and preferably at least in part simultaneously with another phase of the process and in particular during inactivation.
At least one, from biomass, base, material (in the form, for example, of mineral stacks during 10 the culture of living structures, or in the form fossils, solid waste) and / or mineral matter, is fragmented during the preparation stage and possibly during the inactivating treatment step, for their employment within the base. The phase of 15 fragmentation is carried out until a determined texture or malleability, and preferably with a given particle size. Fragmentation is at least partially achieved by dislocation using ultra-sounds and / or physico-chemical means such as 20 ~ u'addition of additives, cryogenic treatment and / or thermigue, grinding or variation of pressure. In that case, one of the phases of the process can consist in developing a suspension of biomass or fragmented material in preferably a sharp liquid.
It is possible to incorporate during a phase of the process, at least one of the culture medium, biomass, the material, the base and the mineral matter, a coloring substance of predetermined shade. This substance is possibly an element of biomass.
A preparation and / or processing step can consist of incorporating at least one of the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and the mineral matter, W095l29250 2 ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 1 a cohesion or texture agent, of proportions and composition such as the final material has a predetermined structure, hardness or elasticity.
This agent is preferably a binder, in particular metallic such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide, and poly-cellulosic compound. According to the composition of this agent, this can act as a compound 10 inactivation in the case of a base comprising a living structure cultivated or collected.
During one of the phases or stages of the process, an additive, for example foaming, fibrous, agglomerating, can be incorporated into the base and / or the abovementioned mineral material.
The final nutritive substance can be, depending on the steps followed and the additives incorporated into the base, a solid, aerosol, fluid, ...
An (inert) material can also be mixed with the nutritive substance to form in particular a compost.
Furthermore, the method may include a phase of at least partial dehydration of one or more components of the base and / or the mineral matter cited above. This dehydration phase can be at less partially carried out by filtering, irradiation, ~ centrifugation, heat and / or cryogenic treatment.
It is conceivable, depending on the method, that the phases inactivation, dehydration and fragmentation, either at least partially performed simultaneously.

WO95 / 292S0 PCT ~ 95 / OOS38 ~
2 ~ 6 28 _ 1 The treatment stage may include a phase of packaging in an appropriate packaging of the material mineral which constitutes a finished product.
According to an example of the course of the process phases, the base consists of a biomass, obtained by culture in vitro of Uh mineralizing microorganism, in the presence residual plant cells from the ground material of brush, shavings, sawdust, etc. Suspension biomineral obtained is colored then dried and the mixture is then kneaded and undergoes a contribution of salt inactivation. This composition powder suitable for request can be used as a nutrient such as fertilizers or various amendments, after drying.

~ WO9S / 29250 2 1 6 ~ ~ 5 ~ PCT ~ R9 ~ / 00538 The process described in the present application, according to the invention also relates to a production process biological of natural biominerals of animal and / or vegetable origin and intended for therapeutic medical and / or paramedical uses as well than the substances obtained by this process.

Drug production processes are known plants consisting of picking and / or harvesting natural plants and / or to cultivate species widely marketed. However, the products thus obtained are subject to the vagaries of nature like any activity agricultural and / or horticultural from production to conservation and preparation of the product. In addition, the stock of productions subject to such variability almost always needs to be renewed every year.

Furthermore, we have known for a long time the existence of numerous compounds of varied mineralogical nature and often complex (calcium or silicic for example), visible in the state shown in the cells or of origin cellular. These are salts or chemically composed complexes often considered as waste of life that the body does not reuse. The presence of these substances is usually explained by the fact the body absorbs them in amounts greater than his needs and get rid of the surplus in the form W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / OOS38 ~
~ 6 - 30 -crystallized during this purely reactions. physical-chemicals. Among the 5 most common examples 1 substances produced by plants, we can cite:

- gentianisterine which is a phytosterine present in the form of needles, contained in the cells of the Gentian root ~ Gentianaceae family);
- calcium, potassium, magnesium, silica, iron and chlorine contained in Garance (Rubiaceae family);
- navelrine extracted from pe ~ venche leaves Madagascar and modified by hemi-synthesis;
10 - taxotere made from yew leaves ...

The principles extracted from medicinal plants and / or aromatics do not accurately represent drug properties of the drug: for example 15 mydriatic solanes, opium, cinchona, coca, cola, digitalis, strophantus, derivatives anthraquinonics, etc. as we know have global action different from atropine, morphine, quinine, cocaine, caffeine, 20 digitalis or strophantines, emodin, etc. It is often impossible to extract raw materials vegetable, juice or even complex products more precisely defined, representative of their active ingredient.
The present invention overcomes these drawbacks and offers a process for the organic production of substances minerals for medical and / or paramedical use, independent of changes in the natural environment 30 outside, allowing medical and / or para dosages specific medical procedures, each or in combination with provide nutritional deficiencies and / or W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / 00538 pathological and still allowing treatments medical, especially phj.o, therapeutic.

The process is characterized by the steps consisting of 2:

- prepare a base comprising a predetermined quantity a mineral material, synthesized in nature or industrially by at least one or part of a structure living belonging to the vegetable and / or animal kingdom.
- possibly treat said base so as to 12 transform it into an inactivated mineral matter and predefined texture according to medical use and / or determined paramedical.

The invention provides for the use of any living structure petrifying. By the living structure mineralizing, mineralized or mineralizable, it is necessary understand any cell or origin structure cellular (vegetable, ~ nim ~ the or micro-organic), alive and / or resulting from life and / or compounds of biological origin, crystallized or not, such as enzymes, hormones, proteins, DNA, etc.

By "inactivated matter", we must understand matter in accordance with the invention and devoid of any activity biological and / or biomineralizing in particular of any pathogenic microbiological activity.

The term mineral must be understood in the broad sense, a know as including in its composition a mineral.

30 But other advantages and particularities of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of examples of its implementation and which are explained below W095 / 29250 PCTn ~ S / 00538 The manufacturing process ~ ion or obtaining a material or composition ~. mineral inac ~ ive for external use ~ orane 1 includes ~ -incipalemen. ~ Two steps.

The first consists in preparing a base comprising a predetermined amount of a synthesized mineral material by at least one or part of a living structure selected from the plant, animal and / or microorganisms.

The following classification gives examples not 10 limitative of living structures able to be selected for the application of the invention.

In the plant kingdom, one can have recourse just as good to higher dicotyledonous plants, 15 monocots than from lower plants thallophytic or microorganic.

a) - Among the Dicotyledons:

20 - cells of the order of the Daucales, family of Araliacees, genus Hedera including Hedera helixi - cells of the order of Arales, genus Rhaphidophora, species Syngonium podophyllum (Schott) "albolineatum", species Syngonium auritum syn.
25 Philodendron trifolium and species Syngonium hastifoliumi - cells of the order of Solanales, fa ~ ille des bignoniacées, species Catalpa bignonioid.

In addition, any plant cell, even the one that 30 would be little symbiotic is susceptible by the process of the invention of being mineralized and / or super-mineralized if we put it in contact with such microorganisms mineralizers. This is the case of the above cells, W095 / 29250 216 ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 but also of all ~ s plant cells from example of brushwood in the form of shavings, sawdust and who pa ~ this process petrified, that is to say transforms _ into SUDS ~ petrified, carbonated and / or silico-caroonate.

b) - Among the Monocotyledons:

- cells of the order of Pandarales including those of the Typhaceae family;
- grass cells including those of Lemnaceae.
c) - Parml the ferns:

The skin on Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) is the theater of silica mineral productions often considered as concretions, resulting from secretions epidermal membranes while there involved bacteria on the periphery and / or in cells of Equisetum arvense. These explain the intra and / or extra-cellular silica deposits.
d ~ - Among the algae:

Biomineral masses resulting from the multiplication and of the accumulation of seaweed frustules so natural or industrial are applicable to the invention.
For example:
- Rhodophytes with mainly Némalionales, Solenoporaceae and Corallinaceae (including - Lithothamnium, the Melobesia);
- the Chromophytes which include in particular the Chromophyceae and especially Diatomophyceae with siliceous products.

W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / 00538 - Chlorophytes 2 with Siphonals (comprises 2n Codiaceae including Halimed2), D2cycladales (including 2nt 1 dacycladaceae including Acétabulariz);
- Cyanophytes with Porostromat2 e. ~ es Spongiostroma of which ~ ivularia Oscillatoria Phormidium Chroococcus and Gléoc2psa are suitable for selection.

e) - Among the Lichens:

Biomineral mass can also result from cultivation a tripartite plant association of lichenic type.
Lichens are composite plant associations.
The so-called mutual benefit association consists of one fungus, algae and mineralizing bacteria, so-called symbiont bacteria, similar to those targeted previously. These bacteria contribute to complex and pigmented mineral inlays within mycelium.
f) - Among fungi and their spores;

g) - Among the micro-organisms:

viruses or bacteria including bacillus megatherium, pseudomon2s fluorescens, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putidz, buttauxiella agrestis rhodococcus, serratia marescens.
The process can be used with 2pt microorganisms to fix calcium, magnesium calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, aluminum, manganese, iron, silica or others substances involved in infinitesimal doses C2s microorganisms are widely distributed in nature ~

_a living structure can also be an animzl or u ~ e _artle of animal such as cell, tissue and / or o ~ g2 ~ e ~ W095 / 29250 2 1 ~ 6 ~ ~ ~
PCT / ~ h35 ~ 0 ~ -38 -; ~ oisi ~ rmi p ~ otoz02ires or mGt2zo2 --s ~ nver.éb ~ s such as s ~ ongizires, lzmelli ~ zc; ~ es e 1 es echincc2rmes or e ~ cor ~ pz ~ mi les verté ~ res.

3rd preference, the preparation stage of lz bzse c ~ mDc ~~ e a phase consists in cultivating the ViVa structure?
above during the period and in an environment such as minus a part called "mineral biomass" of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure.

For example, one or more of the structures living corresponding to the minerals and / or rocks above after can be selected according to the invention:

Hedera helix cell <---> Calcium oxalate /
Limestone Ficus elastica cell <--> Calcium carbonate /
Limestone _ ~ - lule d'Equisetum <--> Silica / Opaline / Wood silicified / Gres Grass cell <--> Silica / Opaline / Wood silicified / Sandstone Typhaceae cell <--> Silica / Opaline / 30is silicified / Sandstone Ascomycete mushroom <--> Calcium dipicolinate Limestone Pectascinaceae cell <--> Car ~ calcium onate Limestone Chromophyte alga <--> Silica / Diztomite Rhodophyte alga <--> Calcium carbonate / Limestone Travertine Chlorophyte alga <--> Calcium carbonate / Czlcaire Trzvertine Cya alga ~ ophyte <--> Czlcium carbonate / Czlczire WOss / 29250 PCT / ~ h9 ~ 00538 ~
2 ~

/ Travertine 1 Lamellibr2nche mollusc <--> Calcium carbon2te Limestone / Shell sandstone The first stage of preparation aims to obtain a mineral base, that is to say an intermediate product. Of preferably, the base preparation step includes a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in an environment such as minus a part called mineral biomass of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure using for example the culture medium next:
- distilled water 1000 g - calcium nitrate 0.71 g - potassium nitrate 0.568 g - magnesium sulfate 0.284 g - ammonium phosphate 0.142 g - ferric chloride 0.112 g - potassium iodide 0.0028 g - boric acid 0.0005 g - zinc sulfate 0.0005 g - manganese sulfate 0.0005 g but other environments are possible.

It is the same if the living structure is an animal or animal part. The mineral biomasses are likely to be obtained by in vitro culture of cells, tissues and / or organs involved in mineral biosyntheses of the anim21 kingdom but also by use of natural products.

Depending on the case, the selected structure is cultivated especially in vivo, in soil, on a layer rich in matter organic, by hydroponics, in Petri dish, by breeding ~ WO95 / 29250 2 l 6 ~ PCTn ~ 5/00 ~ 38 in battery, on stands or fish farming, or in a the reactor as closed. So microorganisms - are abundantly cultivable in farmers.
commercial manufacturers, and in particular tangential filtering ultrafermenters, which allow to obtain continuous production.

The structure is also susceptible to be cultivated in a suitable nutrient medium known to man of art such as Knopp's liquid, Earle's solution, Hanks, middle known as "199", middle of Sabouraud, middle MEM-Eagle or the like.

One or more compatible living structures can be cultivated or within the same environment, possibly with at least one other compatible original structure vegetable, animal, and / or micro-organic.

Advantageously, the salts synthesized in The organism, described above as waste from the cell life that the body does not use, does not result from simple physico-chemical reactions and mineralizing microorganisms are frequently involved in these plant cell deposits these mineralizing microorganisms can be multiplied inside or to be extracted from these cells and multiplied in vitro in mono or multilayer constituting ~ in real fabrics, or in the form of aggregates polymorphs.

The second step consists in processing said base after its so 2 supermineralization turn it into a inactivated mineral matter of predefined texture in according to therapeutic use.

.

W095 / 29250 PCTn ~ / OOS38 In case of biomass production from a struc.u ~ e 1 alive, the processing step can include a phzse of inac ~ iva ~ icn of the living structure. By inactiva ~ ion, it is necessary to understand obtaining inactivated matter at from the living structure ("inactivated matter" and "living structure") has previously been defined. Ce.te S inactivation phase can be performed by adding of a salt.

The biomass is stabilized, i.e. inactivated by so that all cell development is stopped.
10 Such a result can be obtained by adding in proper proportions of substances with effects analogues on the living structure retained.

Other inactivation methods can be used, 15 alone or in addition, including irradiation and elevation at high temperature (temperature above that which the living structure brings). A phase of mixing can be carried out at least in part simultaneously with another phase of the process and in particular 20 during inactivation.

We can use the inactivation phase during product development.

25 The database preparation step may include a phase of harvesting or collecting the structure alive and 1 T incorporate in the base in proportions such that this contribution constitutes at least part of the final mineral product. The mineral material thus collected 30 and / or collected can be of a varied nature: carbona ~ ée, siliceous, saline, fluorine, baryta, carbon, Le-Romanganique, in the form of a deposit, concré.ionnemen.
current and ~ or ~ ossile and can be incorporated into the base ~ W095 / 29250 21 ~ 6 ~ S ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 ,:.

oneself. during step c ~ preparation, i.e. during step 1 of. -Ement.

In addition, the living structure is chosen so that its associated biomineral contains at least one of the following constituents: calcium precipitates, 5 silicic, fluorinated, ferruginous and other or contains at least one carbonate mineral component, siliceous, selenitous or the like.

Many other new sources of biomineralization can be used in accordance with the invention.

During one possible phase of the process, at least one among the biomass, the base, the biomineral substance mentioned above is fragmented during the preparation stage, and possibly during the treatment stage inactivating. For example, if when growing a living structure, we get mineral stacks and / or laminates, which can possibly be broken up to their job at the base. Likewise, if part or the totality of the biomineral substance results from a collection, it can be crushed or fragmented.

The fragmentation phase is carried out until obtaining 25 of a given texture or malleability: the fragmentation aims to obtain a substance of preferably with a given particle size. The The fragmentation is at least partially carried out by dislocation using ultrasound and / or physical means 3 chemicals, such as the addition of additives, cryogenic and / or heat treatment, grinding or variation of pressure.

W095 / 29250 PCTn ~ S / 00538 ~

2 ~ & ~ 40 -In this case, one of these phases of the process consists in 1 develop a suspension of biomass or material fragmented above in a liquid, preferably acous, for spraying or application by a completely different way. This liquid can enter into the composition of one above culture media.

It is possible to incorporate during a phase of the process at least one of the culture medium, the biomass, the material, base and mineral matter, a substance coloring of predetermined shade. This substance is possibly an element of biomass.

A preparation and / or processing step can consist of incorporating at least one of the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and the mineral matter a cohesion or texture agent. This agent is preferably a binder, in particular a metallic binder such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide and polycellulosic compound. This agent possibly acts as a compound inactivation in the case of a base comprising a living structure cultivated or collected. ~ advantageously, the proportions and the composition of the cohesion agent and / or of the aforementioned texture are chosen so that the final material has a predetermined specificity.

During one of the phases or stages of the process, an additive, eg foaming, effervescent, fibrous, supplement aromatic, fragrant, or the like, can be incorporated into the base and / or the aforementioned mineral material.

Furthermore, the process is characterized in that it includes ~ at least partial dehydration phase W095 / 29250 ~ 1 ~ 6 0 5 6 PCT ~ R9 ~ 100538 one or more cGmposan ~ s de la bzse and / or 12 1 mineral material mentioned above. This ~ e phase of dehydration can be at least partially carried out by ~ iltrage, irradiation, centrifugation, heat treatment and / or cryogenic.

It is possible, according to the method, that the phases inactivation, dehydration and fragmenlation are at less partially carried out simultaneously.

The treatment step may include a phase of packaging in an appropriate packaging of the material mineral which constitutes a finished product.

An example of the process phases can be envisaged as follows: the base consists of a 15 biomass obtained by in vltro culture of a micro-mineralizing organism in the presence of cells plants from a medicinal plant. Suspension biomineral obtained is dried ~ ée, and the mixture is then kneaded and undergoes a contribution of inactivation salts, the whole constituting a powder of suitable composition on demand _ W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / 00538 ~
~ 956 - 42 -The process described in the present application according to the invention also relates to a production process biological of mineral substrates, in particular of walls, membranes, films, fabrics and threads, biominerals, of origin natural and / or artificial, as well as the substrate obtained by this process.
10 There are known, for example in the field of systems phonic, acoustic or electroacoustic, in particular speakers, cardboard membranes or metal membranes. However, the cardboard membranes incorrectly output transient sounds and 15 metallic membranes only resonate at certain frequencies.
Conversely, the phonic insulators in the ~ om ~; don't building does not dampen all sounds and therefore do not soundproof properly.
In the textile sector, many types of fabrics are of artificial origin and their characteristics, especially in flexibility, are predetermined and unchangeable.
The present invention overcomes these drawbacks and proposes a process for producing a substrate in particular wall, membrane, film, fabric and thread, of natural origin and / or artificial, characterized by the steps of:
- prepare a base comprising a predetermined quantity of a biomineral material, synthesized by at least one W095 / 292 ~ 0 ~ 5 ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 -43 _ s; ;

1 or part of living struc-ure chosen from the kingdom ~ plant, animal and / or micro-organisms; and - process said base so as to transform it into a inactivated biomineral substrate of predefined texture in function of a chosen extemporaneous use, in particular as thermal, sound insulation, filter, membrane acoustics, decorative wall, fabric, thread, film;
in order to improve both the structure, the composition 10 biochemical and ~ or biological and / or characteristics physicochemical of natural substrates and / or artificial used especially in the industries of textiles and construction, in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, agronomy and 15 environmental protection, in particular by filtration, in the phonetic and acoustic systems industries or electroacoustics.
In the agricultural field, these new substrates could be protective (against erosion, drying out, etc; ...) and / or nutritious with respect to soils and / or cultures.
In the field of filtration, they will act as biomineral and mineral biomass filters for improvement of the absorbent conditions of said biomass to decontaminate wastewater, in particular detoxify metal-rich waters in order to recover.
30 A- ~ advantageously, we carry out biomineralization in situ in organic and / or inorganic substrates by contact with microorganisms and / or organisms mineralizers chosen in an adequate environment.

, PCT / ~ R95 ~ (~ X3

- 4 4 -1 According to a characteristic of the invention, the step of preparation of the base includes a phase consisting of cultivate the living structure for a period and in in a medium such as at least a part called ~ biomass said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure.
Advantageously, the biomass is obtained by cultivation in in vitro on various nutritive supports, in particular solid, rigid, semi-rigid, flexible or even liquid.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the biomineralizing activity of microorganisms in l / stage of treatment such as mushrooms, in particular an ascomycete mycelium, of the tuber genus, bacteria 15 including pseudomonas fluorescens or pseudo putida or bacillus species or buttauxiella agrestis or serratia marcescens or rhodococcus, algae on supports nutritious rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, elastic, leads to the constitution of biomineral membranes.

Advantageously, said biomineral membranes consist of a mineralized organic frame where the microscopic and / or macroscopic biogenic mineralization is automorphic and / or xenomorphic and / or amorphous, allowing transmission of vibrations, including high-pitched sounds quickly, well balanced and devoid of internal resonance.
Also advantageously, the invention allows, in choosing a brown alga such as a micro-organism diatom - alone or in symbiosis with a fungus, a mycelium and / or several bacteria - to carry out a more or less flexible biofilm presenting the W095 / 29250 ~ PCT ~ R9S / 00538 1 characteristics specific to biofilms (biofilms current natural diatomitics are an example).
The present invention also relates to a substrate biomineralized, capable of being inactivated, for use chosen extemporaneous, obtained by the previous preceded. This substrate has the advantage of providing porosity promoting gas exchange and / or phenomena absorption and adsorption as is the case with by 10 example fossil diatomites.
The invention provides for the use of any "living structure"
petrifying. By "living structure"
mineralizing, mineralized or mineralizable, it is necessary understand any cell or origin structure 15 cellular (plant, animal or micro-organic), alive and / or resulting from life and / or compounds of biological origin, crystallized or not, such as enzymes, hormones, proteins, DNA, ...
20 By ~ inactivated matter ~ ', it is necessary to understand matter in accordance with the invention and devoid of any activity biological and / or biomineralizing, in particular of any pathogenic micro-biological activity.
2s Sources of mineral material available for placing implementation of the process are considerable especially as it is possible to use living structures from recovery or recycling of waste or by-products constituting a biomineral contribution or capable of generating a 30 biomineral intake, enhancing them.
The term "biomineral" should be understood here in the sense broad, namely co ~ me including in its composition a mineral.

W095 / 29250 PCT ~ R95 / 00538 ~ 46 -1 Other advantages and features of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of examples of its implementation, and which are expli ~ ués below.
The process for making or obtaining a substrate inactivated mineral for extemporaneous use includes mainly two steps.
The first consists in preparing a base comprising a predetermined amount of a biomineral material synthesized by at least one or part of the structure living, selected from the vegetable, animal kingdom and / or microorganisms. This biomineral base constitutes an intermediate product.
Preferably, the step of preparing the base comprises a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in an environment such as ~ u'au minus a part called "mineral biomass ~ of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure.
The following classification gives examples not limiting of living structures capable of being selected for the application of the invention:
a) - Among the Dicotyledons:
- The cells of the order of the Daucales, family of Araliaceae, genus Hedera including Hedera helix;
- The cells of the order of Arales, genus Rhaphidophora, species Syngonium podophyllum (Schott), ~ Albolineatum ~ ', species Syngonium auritum syn.
Philodendron trifolium and Syngonium species hastifolium;

~ W095l29250 216 ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 , ~~ ,, "~,:

1 _ The cells of the order of Solanales, family of Bignoniaceae, Catalpa bignonioid species.
~ e moreover, any plant cell, even that which would be little symbiotic is susceptible, by the process of llinvention, to be mineralized and / or super-mineralized if we put it in contact with such microorganisms mineralizers.
This is the case for the above cells, but also for lo all plant cells derived for example from brush in the form of shavings, sawdust, and which by this process is petrified that is to say turn into petrified, carbonated and / or silico-carbonated substrate.
B) - Among the Monocotyledons:
- Cells of the order of Pandarales including those from the family of ~ yphaceae;
- Grass cells including those of Lemnaceae.

c ~ - Among the Ferns:
The skin on Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) are the scene of silica mineral productions often considered as concretions from, epidermal membrane secretions while there find bacteria involved at the periphery and ~ or in the cells of Equisetum arvense.
These explain the intra silica deposits and / or extracellular.
d) - Among the Algae:

W095 / 292S0 PCT ~ R95100S38 % ~ 48 -1 Biomineral masses resulting from the multiplication and accumulation of frustules algae naturally or industrially are applicable to the invention. For example :

- Rhodophytes with mainly Némalionales, Solenoporaceae and Corallinaceae (comprising Lithothamnium, Melobesia);
- Chlorophytes with Siphonales (comprising Codiaceae (including Halimeda) and Dacycladales (including dacycladaceae including Acétabularia);
- The Chromophytes which bring together in particular the Chromophyceae and especially Diatomophyceae with siliceous productionsi - Cyanophytes with Porostromata and Spongiostroma including Rivularia, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Chroococcus and Gleocapsa are suitable for be selected.
e) - Among the Lichens:
Biomineral mass can also result from 2 ~ cultivation of a tripartite plant association of lichenic type. Lichens are associations composite plants. The so-called benefit association reciprocal consists of a mushroom, an alga and mineralizing bacteria, say bacteria symbiotes, similar to those referred to above.
These bacteria contribute to encrustations complex and pigmented minerals within the m ~ celium.

~ W095 / 292S0 X ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 -1 f) - Among the Mushrooms and their spores.
g) - Among micro-organisms: virus or bacteria including megatherium bacillus, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putida, buttauxiella agrestis, rhodococcus, serratia marescens.
The process can be used with suitable microorganisms to fix calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, aluminum, manganese, iron, silica or other substances involved in infinitesimal doses. These microorganisms are widely distributed in nature.
The living structure can also be an animal, or part of animal such as cell, tissue and / or organ, chosen among protozoa or invertebrate metazoans such as sponges, lamellibranchs and echinoderms or among vertebrates.
Preferably, the base preparation step comprises a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in an environment such as minus a so-called ~ mineral biomass of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure.
For example, one or more of the matches between living structures and minerals and / or rocks below, can be selected according to the invention:

Hedera helix c cells -> Calcium oxalate /
Limestone Cells of Ficus élastica c -> Calcium carbonate /
Limestone PCTn ~ 5/00538 2 ~ S 6 1 Cells of Equisetum c -> Silica / .Opaline / Wood silicified / Sandstone Grass cells <--> Silica / Opaline / Wood solidified / Sandstone Typhaceae cells <-> Silica / Opaline / Wood silicified / Sandstone Ascomycete fungus <-> Calcium dipicolinate /
Limestone Pectascinaceae cells <-> Calcium carbonate /
10 Limestone Algae Phéophysée <-> Silica./ Diatomite /
Rhodophycea algae, <-> Calcium carbonate / Limestone /
Travertine Chlorophycea algae, <-> Calcium carbonate / Limestone /
15 Travertine Cyanophyceae alga <-> Calcium carbonate / Limestone /
Travertine Lamellibranch mollusc <--> Calcium carbonate /
Limestone / Shell sandstone The process of the invention thus makes it possible to produce carbonate or siliceous or silico-carbonate substrates by biomineralization, these substrates not being necessarily of biological origin.
The production of biomass obeys the usual laws of growth of living structures.
In the case of plants retaining their integrity, the 30 conventional cultivation methods are preferred used (in soil, greenhouse, hydroponics, etc.).
When the living structure is part of a plant such as cell, tissue or organ, the living structure can therefore originate from a so-called superior plant, ~ W095 / 29250 2 ~ ~ g ~ ~ 6 PCT ~ R95100538 l monocotyledon, such as duckweed or dicotyledon and in particular among the Daucales, the Lianas, the Bignoniacées, Morées, Cornaceae, Cactaceae.
For this type of structure which, for example, produces a tuff and / or travertine material, it is possible to use the following culture medium:
Distilled water 1,000.00 grams Calcium nitrate 0.71 Potassium nitrate 0.568 0.284 magnesium sulfate Ammonium phosphate 0.142 Ferric chloride 0.112 Potassium iodide 0.0028 Boric acid 0.0005 Zinc sulfate 0.0005 Manganese sulfate 0.0005 Furthermore, the structure of plant origin can be an alga and in particular Rhodophyte, Chlorophyte, Schyzophyte, Cyanophyte, Chromophyte and / or a Protophyte, and then other media are possible.
The same is true if the living structure is an animal, or part of an animal. Mineral biomass can be obtained by in-vitro culture of tissue cells and / or organ involved in the mineral biosyntheses of the kingdom animal, but also by using productions current and / or fossil.
Microorganisms can also be cultivated abundant in commercial industrial fermenters, and in particular ultra-fermenters with tangential filtration which allow to obtain continuous production.

W095 / 29250 PCT / ~ h9J / 00538 ~
7 ~ G ~ 52 _ 1 One or more compatible living structures can be grown in the same environment, possibly with at least one other compatible original structure vegetable, animal and / or micro-organic.
Biomineralization is therefore achieved by incorporating the basis, in determined proportions, of structures organic and / or inorganic previously mineralized.
The invention can also be implemented either 10 by incorporating organic structures and / or inorganic mineralized, but in situ in the walls, membranes, films, fabrics and organic threads and / or inorganic, through contact with microorganisms and / or mineralizing organisms chosen from an environment 15 adequate Indeed, it has been reported for a very long time, the existence many compounds of varied mineralogical nature and often complex (calcium or silicic for example), 20 visible in the figurative state, in cells or structures of cell origin. These are salts or compounds chemically complex synthesized in the body, resulting either from simple physico-chemical reactions, or the activity of mineralizing microorganisms.
These mineralizing microorganisms can be multiplied inside of these cells or be extracted and multiplied in vitro in various substrates organic and / or inorganic, thus constituting biomineral reception structures that can be woven, cut, glued, ... This phenomenon, the basis of the the invention is a source of precipitates not only calcic and / or silicic but also magnesian, ferro-mangani ~ ues, fluorinated, barytes or others. He observes himself ~ W095t29250 2 1 ggd 5 6 PCT ~ RgS / 00538 ~.,. ;, 1 especially in all ~ e plant kingdom, also well among higher plants than in lower plants.
In nature, in general, these deposits can help build membranes and / or walls and / or intervene in cell physiology. We consider generally that these impregnations (calcium and / or silicics and / or others) are only under the dependence on the overall physiology of the organism, or organ (s ~ particular). However, microorganisms 10 mineralizers, present (calcifiers and / or silicifiers and / or others) participate, by exchanges s ~ mbioti ~ ues or other nature, to mineralization. The concept on which lies the process of the present invention resides in the presence and effective participation, almost 15 general, microorganisms with mineralizing power and leads to the possibility of this application.
The second step consists in processing said base after its over-mineralization, so as to transform it into a 20 inactivated biomineral material with a predefined texture in according to our present usage.
When producing biomass from a structure alive, the treatment stage may include a phase inactivation of the living structure. By inactivation, it is necessary to understand obtaining matter inactivated as defined above from living structures as defined above.
This inactivation phase can be carried out by addition of a salt. The biomass is stabilized, that is ie inactivated so that any development cell is interrupted Such a result can be obtained by adding in suitable proportions of substances having similar effects on the structure W095l29250 PCT / ~ K95 ~ r38 ~
2 ~
- 54 _ 1 living restraint. Other inactivation methods can be used, alone or in addition, ~ have high temperature irradiation and elevation.
A kneading / compacting / spinning / weaving phase can be performed during one of the process steps and, preferably after inactivation.
The inactivation phase can be used during product development.

The base preparation step may include a phase consisting in harvesting or collecting either the above-mentioned living structure, namely the biomineral material and to incorporate it into the base in proportions such as this contribution constitutes at least part of the material biomineral required. It is possible to collect the biomineral material in the form of a deposit, for example, current concretization and ~ or fossil, and incorporate it into the base either during the preparation, either during the treatment stage.
Furthermore, the living structure is chosen so that its associated mineral matter contains at least one carbonate, siliceous, selenitic mineral component or the like.

Many other biomineral sources are usable in accordance with the invention. The brushcutting or other agricultural operations trécoltes including haymaking, harvest, harvest and others) generate significant quantities of mineralized products or mineralizable or mineralizable and suitable for over-. mineralization (hay, straw, thatch etc ...).

2 ~ 6 ~ 0 ~
~ W095l29250 ~ PCT ~ R95 / 00538 S ~ ~
_ 55 _ 1 The culture phase is carried out until a texture or malleable ~ determined and one of the phases of the process may include developing a suspension of the biomass or fragmented material in a liquid, preferably aqueous.
It is possible to incorporate during a phase of the process, at least one of the culture medium, biomass, the material, the base and the mineral matter, a coloring substance of predetermined shade. This substance is possibly an element of biomass.
A preparation and / or processing step can consist of incorporating at least one of the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and the mineral matter, a cohesion or texture agent. This agent is from preferably a particularly metallic binder such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide and poly-cellulosic compound.

We already understand that this agent eventually acts inactivation compound, in the case of a base with a living, cultivated or collected structure.
Advantageously, the proportions and the composition of the aforementioned cohesion and / or texture agent are chosen so that the final material has a predetermined structure, hardness or elasticity.
During one of the phases or stages of the process, an additive 0 for example foaming, fibrous, agglomerating, can be incorporated into the base and / or mineral material mentioned above.
Furthermore, the method comprises a phase of at least partial dehydration of one or more WO9Sl292SO PCTn ~ 5 / OOS38 ~
~ G ~ ~
- 56 _ 1 components of the base and / or of the biomineral matter.
This dehydration phase can be at least partially ef ~ ected by filtering, irradiation, centrifugation, heat and / or cryogenic treatment.
It is conceivable according to the method, that the phases inactivation, dehydration, spinning and weaving, are at least partially performed simultaneously.
The processing step may include phases of conditioning of the biomineral matter in the form of threads suitable for weaving.
An example of the process phases is given cl-after:
the base consists of a biomass obtained by in vitro culture (on various nutrient supports, i.e.
solid, rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, or even liquids), joint of a mineralizable microorganism like an ascomycete mycelium of the genus tuber and a mineralizing bacteria such as pseudomonas fluorescens or pseudomonas putida or bacillus species or buttauxiella agrestis or serratia marcescens or rhodococcus.
Biomass can be obtained by growing diatomophyceae.
The mineralized frames obtained constitute biomineral membranes. The biochemical nature of all products obtained by the process are those of fibers natural, protein, cellulosic or woody.

Claims (119)

_ 57 _ 1- Process for manufacturing or obtaining a mineral material or composition and characterized by the steps of:
-Prepare a base comprising a predetermined quantity of a mineral material, synthesized by at least one or part of living structure chosen from the kingdom plant, animal and / or microorganisms; and -Treat said base so as to transform it into an inactivated mineral matter and predefined texture according to a chosen extemporaneous use, and for example as that contribution charge. 2- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of preparing the base includes a phase consisting in cultivating the aforementioned living structure during a period and in an environment such as at least a part called "biomass" of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure. 3- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the treatment step includes a phase of inactivation of the living structure. 4- Method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a kneading phase can be performed during one of the process steps. 5- Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said phase inactivation is carried out by adding at least one salt such as for example magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, chloride barium, preferably in anhydrous form. 6- Method according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the phase inactivation is performed by one or more methods, alone or in combination supplement, including irradiation, dehydration and / or elevation at high temperature. 7- Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that preferably this mixing phase is carried out at least in part simultaneously with another phase of the process, and in particular inactivation.

_ 58 _ 8- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the above-mentioned living structure is a plant or part of a plant such as cell, tissue or organ. 9- A method according to claim 8, characterized in that this living structure has originates from a higher monocot or dicot plant respectively such as Lemnaceae (Duckweed), Typhaceae (Reeds), Grasses, such as Daucales, Rhaphidophorales, Solanales (Bignoniacées), Cornales (Cornaceae such as Aucubas), Arales (Diffenbachia), Lamiales (Labiaceae such Nettles), Moreas (Fig trees such as Ficus elastica), or even belonging to Pteridophytes (Ferns). 10- A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the original structure vegetable is an alga and in particular Rhodophycea, Chlorophycea, Charophycea, Schyzophycea, Cyanophycea, Pheophycea and / or Protophyte. 11- Method according to claim 8 to 10, characterized in that the original structure vegetable is a fungus Siphomycete or Septomycète, or a lichen such Parmeliaceae, Collemaceae. 12- Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the structure living includes an animal, or part of an animal such as a cell, tissue or organ, and in particular a foraminifera, a mollusc, an echinoderm or a vertebrate. 13- Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the structure living includes a microorganism such as virus, bacteria such as bacillus megatherium, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putida, buttauxiella agrestis, rhodococcus. serratia marescens. 14- Method according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that one or several compatible living structures can be cultivated within the same middle, with possibly at least one other compatible structure of origin vegetable, animal and / or micro-organic. 15- Method according to one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the structure is grown in a suitable nutrient medium known to those skilled in the art.

_ 59 _ 16- Method according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the structure selected is cultivated in vivo, in soil, by hydroponics, in Petri dish, on layer rich in organic matter, in a reactor such as a fermenter or by aging on feet or fish farming, in particular. 17- Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the step of preparation of the base includes a phase consisting in harvesting or collecting the above-mentioned living structure, and incorporating it at the base in proportions such as this contribution constitutes at least part of the mineral material required. 18- Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the step of preparation and / or treatment includes a phase consisting in harvesting and / or collecting the carbonated mineral material in the form, for example, of a deposit, actual and / or fossil concretion, and incorporate it at the base. 19- Method according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the structure living is selected so that the mineral material contains at least one of following constituents: calcium, silicic, fluorinated, baryta, ferruginous and other. 20- Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it comprises a phase during which at least one of the biomass, the base, the material and / or the aforementioned mineral material, is fragmented during the preparation stage and / or during the processing step. 21- A method according to claim 20, characterized in that in addition, the phase of fragmentation is carried out until a texture or malleability is obtained determined. 22- A method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the phase of said fragmentation is at least partially effected by dislocation using ultrasound and / or physicochemical means, such as the addition of additives, cryogenic and / or heat treatment, grinding or pressure variation. 23- Method according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises a phase consisting in developing a suspension of the biomass or of the material fragmented above in a liquid, preferably aqueous. 24- Method according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that a phase consists in incorporating a coloring substance of predetermined shade at least in one of the culture medium, the biomass, the material, the base and the mineral material. 25- Method according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that a phase of the preparation and / or treatment step consists in incorporating a cohesion agent or texture to at least one of the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and the mineral matter. 26- Method according to claim 25, characterized in that said cohesion agent or texture preferably comprises a notably metallic substance such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide and poly- compound cellulosic. 27- A method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the proportions and the composition of the aforementioned cohesion and / or texture agent are chosen so that the final material has a predetermined hardness or elasticity. 28- Method according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that it comprises an at least partial dehydration phase of one or more components of the base and / or the aforementioned mineral material. 29- Method according to claim 29, characterized in that said phase of dehydration can be at least partially carried out by filtering, centrifugation, irradiation, heat and / or cryogenic treatment. 30- Method according to one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that several phases such as inactivation, dehydration and fragmentation, are at least partially performed simultaneously. 31- Method according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that during one phases or steps of the process, a foaming, fibrous additive for example, agglomerating, insulating, flame retardant, aromatic, odorous or the like, is incorporated into the base and / or the aforementioned mineral material. 32- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step treatment includes a phase of conditioning in an appropriate packaging, in particular in aerosol, of the mineral matter which constitutes a finished product. 33- Inactivated mineral matter or composition for extemporaneous use, and for example as filler, obtained according to the method according to one of claims previous. 34- Inactivated mineral matter or composition for extemporaneous use, for example in as a feedstock, and comprising at least one mineral material synthesized by part or part of a living structure cultivated and / or collected, this material then having undergone an inactivation and texturing treatment of said structure. 35- Material according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that it is in the form solid or crystallized. 36- Material according to one of claims 33 to 34, characterized in that it is under powdery or granular form. 37- Material according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that it is in the form fluid, gas or liquid. 38- Material according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that it is in the form pasty. 35 - Process for manufacturing or obtaining a substrate, characterized by the steps of:
- prepare a base including a quantity predetermined of a biomineralized material, synthesized by at least one or part of a living structure chosen from the plant, animal and / or microorganisms; and - process said base so as to transform it into an inactivated and textured biomineral substrate predefined according to extemporaneous use chosen, in particular as a thermal insulator, sound, filter, acoustic membrane, wall decorator, fabric, thread, film. 40 - Method according to claim 39, characterized in that that the preparation step is carried out in situ in organic and / or inorganic substrates, for example contact with microorganisms and / or mineralizing organisms selected from a adequate environment. 41 - Method according to claim 39, characterized in that that the base preparation step includes a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in such an environment that at least a part called "biomass" of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure. 42 - Method according to claim 41, characterized in that the biomass is obtained by in vitro culture on various nutritional supports, in particular solid, rigid, semi-rigid, flexible or even liquid. 43 - Method according to 12 claim 39, characterized in that that the biomineralizing activity of micro-organisms in the processing stage, such as fungi, including an ascomycete mycelium from genus tuber, bacteria including pseudomonas fluorescens or pseudo putida or bacillus species or buttauxiella agrestis or serratia marcescens or rhodococcus, algae, on nutritious supports rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, elastic, leads to the constitution of biomineral membranes. 44 - Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said membranes biominerals have an organic structure mineralized where biogenic mineralization microscopic and / or macroscopic is automorphic and / or xenomorph and / or amorphous. 45 - Process according to claim 43, characterized in that that the alga chosen is a brown alga such diatom to form a biofilm presenting the specific characteristics of diatomites natural, fossil or current. 46 - Method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing step includes a phase of inactivation of the living structure. 47 - Process according to claims 39 to 46, characterized in that a kneading and / or compaction, spinning, weaving, is performed during one of the process steps. 48 - Method according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the inactivation phase is carried out in particular by adding salts, or by irradiation, dehydration and / or elevation at high temperature. 49 - Method according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that said mixing phase is carried out, at less in part, simultaneously with another phase of the process, and especially after inactivation. 50 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned living structure is a plant or part of a plant (cell, tissue or organ) such as a higher plant monocot or dicot, an alga, a fungus, lichen, animal or part animal, such as cell, tissue or organ, a microorganism such as virus, bacteria. 51 - Method according to one of claims 41 to 50, characterized in that one or more structures compatible live can be grown within from the same environment, with possibly at least one other compatible structure of plant origin, animal and / or micro-organic. 52 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 51, characterized in that the step of preparing the base includes a phase consisting of harvesting or collect the above-mentioned living structure, and incorporate it into the base in such proportions that this contribution constitutes at least part of the biomineral material required. 53 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 52, characterized in that the preparation step and / or treatment includes a phase consisting of harvest and / or collect the biomineral material carbonate or other in the form, for example, of a deposit, actual and / or fossil concretization, and incorporate it at the base. 54 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 53, characterized in that the living structure is selected so that the mineral material contains at least one of the following constituents: precipitates calcium, silicic, fluorinated, baryta, ferruginous and others. 55 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 54, characterized in that it comprises a phase consisting in developing a suspension of the biomass or fragmented material in a liquid, preferably aqueous. 56 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 55, characterized in that one phase consists in incorporating a coloring substance of predetermined shade at least to one among the culture medium, the biomass, material, base and material mineral. 57 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 56, characterized in that one phase of the preparation and / or treatment consists of incorporate a cohesion or texture agent into one less among the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and mineral matter whose proportions and the composition are chosen so that the material finale has a specific structure. 58 - Method according to claim 57, characterized in that that said cohesion or texture agent comprises preferably a substance, in particular a metal, such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide and poly-cellulosic compound. 59 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 58, characterized in that it includes a phase of at least partial dehydration of one or more components of the base and / or the mineral matter aforementioned, in particular carried out, at least partially by filtering, centrifugation, irradiation, heat and / or cryogenic treatment. 60 - Method according to one of claims 39 to 59, characterized in that during one of the phases or process steps, for example a foaming additive, fibrous, agglomerating, insulating, flame retardant, aromatic, fragrant or the like, is incorporated into the base and / or to the aforementioned mineral material. 61 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing step includes a conditioning phase in the form of threads suitable for weaving. 62 - Biomineral substrate likely to be inactivated, chosen extemporaneous use, in particular as insulation thermal, phonic, filter, acoustic membrane, decorative wall, fabric, thread, film, obtained next the method according to one of claims previous. 63 - Biomineral substrate likely to be inactivated at extemporaneous use, comprising at least one material biomineral synthesized by one or part of the structure living cultivated and / or collected, this material having undergone inactivation and texturing treatment of said structure. 64 - Substrate according to claim 62 or 63, characterized in that it is in membrane form (biofilm), flexible or solid, more or less crystallized, of variable thickness, or in the form powdery or grainy, or in the form fluid, gas or liquid. 65 - Process for producing a nutritive substance for soils, natural and / or artificial, characterized by the stages consisting in:
- prepare a base including a quantity predetermined of a mineral material synthesized by at least one or part of a living structure, chosen from the plant, animal and / or microorganisms; and - process said base so as to transform it into a nutritious inactivated mineral substance from composition and texture predefined according to the nature and needs of the soil concerned. 66 - Method according to claim 65, characterized in that that the base preparation step includes a phase consisting in proportioning it in elements major or trace elements according to their deficiencies in the soil and as needed cultures. 67 - Method according to claim 66, characterized in that that said dosing phase consists in carrying out a supply of calcium carbonate to treat soils acids and a supply of silica to treat soils basic. 68 - Process according to claims 65 to 67, characterized in that the step of preparing the base is made in situ by contact with the base with microorganisms and / or organisms selected mineralizers in an environment adequate. 69 - Method according to claim 65, characterized in that that the base preparation step includes a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in such an environment that at least a part called "biomass" of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure. 70 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 69, characterized in that the processing step includes a phase of inactivation of the living structure carried out in particular by adding salts or according to one or more methods, alone or in combination supplement, including irradiation, dehydration and / or elevation at high temperature. 71 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 70, characterized in that a mixing phase can be performed during one of the process steps, or at less in part, simultaneously with another phase of the process, including inactivation. 72 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the living structure is a plant or part of a plant (cell, tissue or organ) such as a monocotyledonous higher plant or dicot, a seaweed, a fungus, a lichen. 73 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 72, characterized in that the living structure comprises an animal or part of an animal (cell, tissue or organ), chosen in particular from the protozoa or invertebrate metazoans or vertebrates. 74 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 73, characterized in that the living structure comprises a microorganism such as virus, bacteria such bacillus, megatherium, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putida, buttauxiella agrestis, rhodococcus, serratia marescens. 75 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 74, characterized in that one or more structures compatible live can be grown within from the same environment, with possibly at least one other compatible structure of plant origin, animal and / or micro-organic. 76 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 75, characterized in that the step of preparing the base includes a phase consisting of harvesting or collect the living structure in an environment nutritious and incorporate it into the base proportions such that this contribution constitutes minus part of the mineral material required. 77 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 76, characterized in that the preparation step and / or treatment includes a phase consisting of harvest and / or collect the mineral material carbonate or the like in, for example, deposit, actual concretization and / or fossils, and incorporate it at the base. 78 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 77, characterized in that the living structure is selected so that the mineral material contains at least one of the following constituents: precipitates calcium, silicic, fluorinated, baryta, ferruginous and others. 79 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 78, characterized in that it comprises a phase lasting which at least one of the biomass, the base, the material and / or the mineral matter, is fragmented during the preparation stage and / or during the stage treatment, until a texture is obtained or determined malleability. 80 - Method according to claim 79, characterized in that that the fragmentation phase is at least partially performed by dislocation using ultrasound and / or physicochemical means, such as adding additives, processing cryogenic and / or thermal, grinding or variation of pressure. 81 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 80, characterized in that it comprises a phase consisting in developing a suspension of the biomass or the aforementioned fragmented material in a liquid, preferably aqueous. 82 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 81, characterized in that one phase consists in incorporating a coloring substance of predetermined shade at least to one among the culture medium, the biomass, material, base and material mineral. 83 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 82, characterized in that one phase of the preparation and / or treatment consists of incorporate a cohesion or texture agent into one less among the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and mineral matter, agent whose proportions and composition are chosen so that the final material has a structure predetermined. 84 - Method according to claim 83, characterized in that that said cohesion or texture agent comprises preferably a substance, in particular metallic, such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide and poly-cellulosic compound. 85 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 84, characterized in that it includes a phase of mixing the nutrient with another (inert) material, in particular for forming potting soil. 86 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 85, characterized in that it includes a phase of at least partial dehydration of one or more components of the base and / or the mineral matter aforementioned, in particular carried out at least partially by filtration, centrifugation, irradiation, heat and / or cryogenic treatment. 87 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 86, characterized in that several of the phases such that inactivation, ceshydration and fragmentation are at least partially performed simultaneously. 88 - Method according to one of claims 65 to 87, characterized in that during one of the phases or process steps, for example a foaming additive, fibrous, agglomerating, insulating, flame retardant, aromatic, odorous or similar, is incorporated into the base and / or the aforementioned mineral material. 89 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing step includes a conditioning phase in a package appropriate, especially in aerosol, of the material mineral which constitutes a finished product. 90 - Inactive mineral nutrient for use extemporaneous, for example as a filler of contribution, in particular to any type of natural soil and / or artificial, or any composition of the type fertilizer, potting soil or miscellaneous amendments, obtained according to the method according to one of claims previous. 91 - Nutritional mineral substance according to claim 90 characterized in that it comprises at least one mineral material synthesized by one or part of living structure, cultivated and / or collected, this material then treated inactivation and texturing of said structure. 92 - Nutritional mineral substance according to claim 90 or 91, characterized in that it is in the form solid, crystallized, powdery, grainy, fluid, gas or liquid. 93 - Manufacturing process or obtaining a material or mineral composition, characterized by the stages consists in :
- prepare a base including a quantity predetermined of a mineral material synthesized by at least one or part of living structure belonging to the plant and / or animal kingdom.
- possibly treat said base so as to transform it into an inactivated mineral matter and predefined texture according to use medical and / or paramedical. 94 - Method according to claim 93, characterized in that that the base preparation step includes a phase of cultivating the living structure above during a period and in such an environment that at least a part called "biomass" of said material is then produced or synthesized by this structure. 95 - Method according to one of claims 93 or 94, characterized in that the processing step includes a phase of inactivation of the living structure. 96 - Method according to one of claims 93 to 95, characterized in that a kneading phase is executed during one of the process steps. 97 - Method according to one of claims 95 or 96, characterized in that said inactivation phase is carried out according to one or more methods, alone or in addition, including the addition of salts, irradiation, dehydration, and / or elevation at high temperature. 98 - Method according to one of claims 96 or 97, characterized in that the kneading phase is performed at least in part simultaneously with a another phase of the process, and in particular inactivation. 99 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the living structure is a plant or part of a plant such as a cell, tissue or organ such as a higher plant monocot or dicot, an alga, a mushroom or lichen. 100- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the living structure comprises an animal or part of an animal such as a cell, tissue or organ chosen in particular from invertebrate protozoa or metazoans or vertebrates. 101- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the living structure comprises a microorganism such as virus, bacteria such megatherium bacillus, pseudomonas fluorescens, maltophilia, pseudomonas putida, buttauxiella agrestis, rhodococcus serretia marcescens. 102- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more structures compatible live can be grown within from the same environment with possibly at least one other compatible structure of plant origin, animal and / or micro-organic. 103- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure is cultivated in an appropriate nutrient medium known to humans art in vivo, in the ground, by hydroponics, in a can Petri dish, on a layer rich in organic matter, in a reactor such as a fermenter or by breeding on feet or fish farming. 104- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of preparing the base includes a phase consisting of harvesting or collect the above-mentioned living structure and incorporate it into the base in such proportions that this contribution constitutes at least part of the mineral mineral required. 105- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the preparation step and / or treatment includes a phase consisting of harvest and / or collect the mineral material carbonate or other in the form, for example, of a deposit, actual and / or fossil concretization and incorporate it at the base. 106- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the living structure is selected so that the mineral material contains at least one of the following constituents: precipitates calcium, silicic, fluorinated, baryta, ferruginous and others. 107- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a phase lasting which at least one of the biomass, the base, the aforementioned material and / or mineral material is fragmented during the preparation stage and / or during from the treatment stage until a determined structure or malleability. 108- Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fragmentation phase mentioned above is at least partially carried out by dislocation using ultrasound and / or physicochemical means such as addition additives, cryogenic and / or heat treatment, grinding or pressure variation. 109- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a phase consisting in developing a suspension of the biomass or the aforementioned fragmented material in a liquid, preferably aqueous. 110- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one phase consists in incorporating a coloring substance of predetermined shade at least to one among the culture medium, the biomass, material, base and material mineral. 111- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one phase of the preparation and / or treatment consists of incorporate a cohesion or texture agent into one less among the biomass, the medium, the material, the base and the mineral matter so that the matter final has a predetermined structure. 112- Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said cohesion agent or texture preferably includes a substance especially metallic such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, barium, sodium, fluorine, aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, or organic such as collagen, mucopolysaccharide, and polycellulosic compound. 113- Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it includes a phase of at least partial dehydration of one or more components of the base and / or the mineral matter aforementioned at least partially performed by filtering, centrifugation, irradiation, treatment thermal and / or cryogenic. 114- Method according to one of claims 107 to 113 characterized in that several of the phases such that inactivation, dehydration and fragmentation are at least partially performed simultaneously. 115- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during one of the phases or process steps, for example a foaming additive, effervescent, fibrous, agglomerating, aromatic, odorous or the like is incorporated into the base and / or the aforementioned mineral material. 116- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing step includes a conditioning phase in a package suitable in particular aerosol, mineral material which constitutes a finished product. 117- Inactivated mineral matter or composition for use extemporaneous obtained according to the method according to one of the preceding claims. 118- Inactivated mineral matter or composition for use extemporaneous and comprising at least one material mineral synthesized by one or part of the structure living cultivated and / or collected, this material having then underwent inactivation treatment and texturing of said structure. 119- Material according to one of claims 117 or 118, characterized in that it is in solid form, crystallized, powdery, grainy, fluid, gaseous or liquid.