CA2122238A1 - Carbonising of materials - Google Patents
Carbonising of materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2122238A1 CA2122238A1 CA002122238A CA2122238A CA2122238A1 CA 2122238 A1 CA2122238 A1 CA 2122238A1 CA 002122238 A CA002122238 A CA 002122238A CA 2122238 A CA2122238 A CA 2122238A CA 2122238 A1 CA2122238 A1 CA 2122238A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- carbonising
- disposed
- inlet
- activation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
- C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for use in the production of carbonised material comprising: a retort having a carbonising zone therein; a delivery inlet for delivering material to be carbonised to said carbonising zone; a discharge outlet for discharging material from said carbonising zone; an activation zone for receiving material from said carbonising zone via said discharge outlet said zones being arranged so that when in use material can pass therethrough on a continuous basis; and means for heating said carbonising zone and said activation zone.
Description
-- 1 .
CARBONISING OF MATERIALS
., This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for use in the carbonising of materials includin~
a retort which can be used for the produc~ion of high grade activated carbons. Activated carbon has the property of adsorbing large quantities of gases and finds application in gas masks, solvent adsorption, clarifying of liquids/ gold recovery processes, food treatment, water trea~ment and the like.
:. . .
Apparatus currently in use for the manufacture of Act~vated Carbons include: multiple heart furnace rotary ~ilns and fluidized bed furnace. Each of these pxoc~esses `~
suffer certain disadvantages which include heat distribution, not uniformity of activation and expense of construction. -It is an object of the present invention to provide an -~
Lmproved apparatus which alleviates one or more of the a~orementioned disadvantages. -According to one aspect of the present invention there is pro~ided apparatus for u~e in the carbonising of material comprising: ~`
a retort having a carbonising zone therein;
a de1ivery inle~ ~or delivering material to be c2rbonised to said carbonisiny zone;
a discharge outlet for discharging material from said carbonising zone;
an acti~ation zone for receiving material from said carbonising zone via said discharge outlet, said zones being arranged so that when, in use, material can pass therethrough on a continuous basis; and means for heating said carbonising zone and said activation zone.
W093/0 ~ 1 '1 1~ 2~ 3 8 PCT/AU~2/0058g ;-Preferably, the retort is disposed in a generally upri~ht orientation so as to define an upper region and an lower region. Advantageously, the delivery inlet is disposed within the lower region and the discharge outlet is disposed within the upper region, the material within the carbonising zone passing upwardly between the inlet and the outlet when the apparatus is in use. ~-;;.
The apparatus may further include delivery means for delivering material to the inlet. In one form, the delivery me7ans may comprise a tube which may be generally uprightly disposed and extends into the carbonising zone with.one end thereof defining the inlet, the aforementioned ~`~
one end being di~posed in the lower region of the retort.
The apparatus may further include stirring means for mixing mate~rial within the carbonising zone. In one form, the stirring means comprise a spiral or screw shaped member ;~
which assists in the passage of material from the lower `
region towards the upper region of the retort. The screw o~ spiral shapes member may compri~e a hollow central shaft ~
having a passage therethrough so that the passage defines `~-the aforementioned delivery means. The spiral or screw ~`
shap4d~member may comprise two spaced apart sections with the intermediate space therebetween forming a settling region within the carbonising.
- In one form, the activation zone may comprîse a generally annu~ar chamber which surrounds the carbonising zone and is arranged so that material enters the activation zone towards an upper region thereof and passes downwardly therealong.
In another form, the activation ~one may comprise a plurality of conduits which are disposed around the outer ~;
wall of the carbonising zone and arranged so that material enters those conduits and an upper region and passes downwa~rdly therealong.
, ~;
The heating means may comprise a combustion chamber and ~--the carbonising zone and activation zone are arranged to be disposed within that combustion chamber.
The apparatus may further include means for delivering steam to the activation zone. Preferably, the mean~ for delivering steam comprises a plurality of feed points :
arranged so that the steam is delivered at spaced intervals along the length of the activation zone.
The apparatus may further include auxilliary steam -delivery means for delivering steam to the carbo~isinly zone.... The auxilliary steam dali~ery means may compr.ise a ~.
~eriés of inlets disposed in the lower or base wall of the -:
retort, these inlets preferably being circumferentially .
~paced from one another.
According to another aspect of the pre~ent invention .~`-there is provided a retort for use in the production o~ :~
carbonaceous material, the retort compri ing: -~ a retort body haYing a chamber therein defining a carbonising zone;
an inlet conduit ha~ing an inlet at one end thereof with the inlet bein~ disposed at one of the ch2mber;
an outlet disposed in the region of the other end of the chamber; and an auxilliary chamber defining an activation zone which is in operati~e communicat~on with the outlet for receiving material from the chamber.
, Preerred embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings~ in which:
Figure 1 depicts in schematic cross-section a retort of the present invention; `
Figure 2 depicts in schematic cross-section a second embodiment of the present invention; and ~
~ ' WO93/O~Kt PCT/AU92/00589 2122238 4 _ Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of apparatus according to the invention.
Referring specifically to Figure 3 which shows a diagrammatic representation of the apparatus which includes a feed device 50 for delivering carbonaceous feed material to a retort 10 via feed line 12. The feed device 50 may take any suitable form.
The retort 10 is disposed in a generally upright orientation and comprises a central cylindrical section 11, the internal chamber of which forms a carbonising zone in which the carbonaceous feed material is carbonised.
Examples of retorts are shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 and the ;;
central section thereof may be similar in design to that described in Australian Patent Specification No. 50613/90.
,, ~....... i The retort includes a mechanical stirrer 13 which comprises a screw shaped element mounted to a hollow shaft 14. This hollow shaft 14 forms part of the feed line and has a delivery inlet 40 at its lower ~nd. In the form shown schematically in Figure 3 the stirrer comprises a spiral element comprising two spaced apart sections 13a, 13b, spaced between the sections providing a d~ell region for the material as it passes through the carbonising zone. The stirrer 13 may be mounted for rotation and dri~en by motor 51. The feed material is introduced through the hollow stirrer shaft 14 to the lower region 15 of the central carbonising zone and is then subject to the homogeni~ing action of the stirrer 13. After carbonisation as occurred the material passes to an activation zone 17 via outlets 16 disposed within an upper region of the chamber.
In the embodiment of Figure 1 the activation zone 17 comprises an annular chamber which surrounds the inner ~;
chamber. In the embodiment of Figures 2 and 3 the activàtion zone comprises one or more downcomers or tubes 30 :~
W093/0 ~ 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 8 PCT~U92/00589 which extend downwardly from the upper region of the ::
carbonising zone.
- :.
The retort 10 is disposed within a combustion chamber 26, heated by combustion gases from a heating mechanism 55.
The heating mechanism may take any suitable form.
Steam is supplied to the activation zone 17 via a series of steam delivery lines 63 having delivery inlets 63a, 63b, 63c, 63d at spaced points along the length of the activation zone. The spacing of the steam inlets ensures :~
distribut~on of the steam and complete treatment of the mat~rial within the ~one. : :
"-~
An auxilliary steam line 64 is provided for feed.ing ste~m to the carbonising zone preferably the stesm entering the carbonising zone at the lower end thereof. The steam may be arranged to enter the zone through a plurality of inlets in the ~ase of the zone which arranged in spaced circumferential fashion. :~
The apparatus may inclu~e a demineralised water reservoir 60 from which water is transferred to heat exchanger 61 for producing the steam, the heat exchanger 61 being co~venien~ly disposed within the co~bustion chamber ~6. A pump and motor 80 are arranged to pump the water and the water can be returned after cooling via line 81.
An exhaust gas collection unit 58 may be arranged to redirect the exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber if desired.
.
The apparatus further includes cooling water lines 70 which cools the material as it leaves the activation zone and is transferred to collection device 75. Nitrogen feed ~.
lines 71 may also be provided to deliver nitrogen to the ;''.'`',-.
~ 2 '~ 3 8 PCT/AU92/00589 discharge lines for a final treatment of the product. The nitrogen acts as a final purge to prevent combustion when the end product is removed.
The char produced in the carbonising zone 11 passes down the activation zone in plug flow and is sub~eGted to steam, i.e. steam activation under controlled conditions whereby carbon is burnt off (from within the internal pore structure of the particles) with steam to provide the high quality activated carbon.
In passing firstly through the central carbonisi.ng zone and then the activation zone 17 before leaving the re!~ort, the feed material is subjected to both the carboni~ing and activation actions in the one pa~s through the retort, thereby providing a continuou~ production of high grade activated carbon from the raw carbonaceous feed material.
When using process design as detailed in ~igure 1 the ~
temperature in the carbonising retort may be maintained ~`
preferably within the range of 650 - 750 C by the in~ection of combustion gases in conjunction with the transfer of heat throu~h the annular zone.
When using proc~ss design as detailed ~n Fi~ure 2 all required process heat is supplied by the transfer of heat from the co~bustion chamber.
To enhance the quality of the final product, steam iB
introduced to the carbonising zone. Thi5 may be done for ex~mple through the hollow stirrer shaft. As shown in Fig.
3, in another arrangement, steam is introduced through the base of the centxal section through a series of circumferentially spaced apart inlets. Steam is introduced at this stage in controlled quantities to minLmise the deposition of carbon derived from the volatile matter evolved from the carbonaceous feedstock within the pore WO93/~K1 21 2 2 2 3 8 PCTfAU92/00589 structure of the char formed in the central section. This process facilitates the secondary activation which takes place in the annular section or downcomer of the retort.
The temperature in the annular section or downcomer is maintained in the range 850 C - 900 C by heat transfer from a combustion chamber, and the temperature and activation is controlled by the admission of steam at lower temperature 21 to the annular section or downcomer at various points.
Leaving the base 22 of the annular section or lower section 31 of the downcomer, the activated carbon 23 passes from the retort and is sub~ected to cooling and treatment by nitrogen.
__r' The primary energy source for heating the combustion chamber is a combustion gas 19 such as natural gas or LPG.
The retort may be arranged so that the off-gases 25 produced during the process can be utilised as a further energy -~
source for the process including the production of the steam required for activation.
To ensure the highest product quality, the various --stages of the process must be accurately controlled. For example, the residence time of the char wîthin the activation zone can be controlled by controlling the feed ~--and take off rates of the material through the apparatus.
During the carbonising stage, the feed must be exposed to the required conditions of temperature and atmosphere for the necessary time. The retort design enables control of all these conditions in a manner which avoids any appreciable degradation of the feed material. The char is thus presented to the activation section in the condition best suited to the optimum development (during activation) of the requisite final properties.
The conditions to which the material i5 exposed during its~passage through the annular activation section may be especially critical. The retort design enables precise ;~
control of temperature, time of exposure, atmosphere, and --`
expo~sure to steam, so that the properties of the end product of activated carbon may be finely regulated.
WO93/0~K1 2 1 ? 2 ~ ~ 8 PCT/AU92/00589 The retort design is suitable for th~ proces~ing of a wide range of carbonaceous feed materials. Examples of feed stocks include coal, coconut shells, fruit pips and the shells from various nuts. Control of the process actions within the retort are such that the quality of the product may be regulated to meet specific commercial requirements.
The invention, therefore, proYides the flexibility to meet a wide range of requirements for activated carbons produced from any of many different types of carbonaceous feed stock.
~.
While th~ present invention has been de~cribed with reference to particular configurations and method~, of operation, these should be understood as having been - provided by way of example and not as limitations to the 3cope or spirit of the invention.
- '. . .
CARBONISING OF MATERIALS
., This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for use in the carbonising of materials includin~
a retort which can be used for the produc~ion of high grade activated carbons. Activated carbon has the property of adsorbing large quantities of gases and finds application in gas masks, solvent adsorption, clarifying of liquids/ gold recovery processes, food treatment, water trea~ment and the like.
:. . .
Apparatus currently in use for the manufacture of Act~vated Carbons include: multiple heart furnace rotary ~ilns and fluidized bed furnace. Each of these pxoc~esses `~
suffer certain disadvantages which include heat distribution, not uniformity of activation and expense of construction. -It is an object of the present invention to provide an -~
Lmproved apparatus which alleviates one or more of the a~orementioned disadvantages. -According to one aspect of the present invention there is pro~ided apparatus for u~e in the carbonising of material comprising: ~`
a retort having a carbonising zone therein;
a de1ivery inle~ ~or delivering material to be c2rbonised to said carbonisiny zone;
a discharge outlet for discharging material from said carbonising zone;
an acti~ation zone for receiving material from said carbonising zone via said discharge outlet, said zones being arranged so that when, in use, material can pass therethrough on a continuous basis; and means for heating said carbonising zone and said activation zone.
W093/0 ~ 1 '1 1~ 2~ 3 8 PCT/AU~2/0058g ;-Preferably, the retort is disposed in a generally upri~ht orientation so as to define an upper region and an lower region. Advantageously, the delivery inlet is disposed within the lower region and the discharge outlet is disposed within the upper region, the material within the carbonising zone passing upwardly between the inlet and the outlet when the apparatus is in use. ~-;;.
The apparatus may further include delivery means for delivering material to the inlet. In one form, the delivery me7ans may comprise a tube which may be generally uprightly disposed and extends into the carbonising zone with.one end thereof defining the inlet, the aforementioned ~`~
one end being di~posed in the lower region of the retort.
The apparatus may further include stirring means for mixing mate~rial within the carbonising zone. In one form, the stirring means comprise a spiral or screw shaped member ;~
which assists in the passage of material from the lower `
region towards the upper region of the retort. The screw o~ spiral shapes member may compri~e a hollow central shaft ~
having a passage therethrough so that the passage defines `~-the aforementioned delivery means. The spiral or screw ~`
shap4d~member may comprise two spaced apart sections with the intermediate space therebetween forming a settling region within the carbonising.
- In one form, the activation zone may comprîse a generally annu~ar chamber which surrounds the carbonising zone and is arranged so that material enters the activation zone towards an upper region thereof and passes downwardly therealong.
In another form, the activation ~one may comprise a plurality of conduits which are disposed around the outer ~;
wall of the carbonising zone and arranged so that material enters those conduits and an upper region and passes downwa~rdly therealong.
, ~;
The heating means may comprise a combustion chamber and ~--the carbonising zone and activation zone are arranged to be disposed within that combustion chamber.
The apparatus may further include means for delivering steam to the activation zone. Preferably, the mean~ for delivering steam comprises a plurality of feed points :
arranged so that the steam is delivered at spaced intervals along the length of the activation zone.
The apparatus may further include auxilliary steam -delivery means for delivering steam to the carbo~isinly zone.... The auxilliary steam dali~ery means may compr.ise a ~.
~eriés of inlets disposed in the lower or base wall of the -:
retort, these inlets preferably being circumferentially .
~paced from one another.
According to another aspect of the pre~ent invention .~`-there is provided a retort for use in the production o~ :~
carbonaceous material, the retort compri ing: -~ a retort body haYing a chamber therein defining a carbonising zone;
an inlet conduit ha~ing an inlet at one end thereof with the inlet bein~ disposed at one of the ch2mber;
an outlet disposed in the region of the other end of the chamber; and an auxilliary chamber defining an activation zone which is in operati~e communicat~on with the outlet for receiving material from the chamber.
, Preerred embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings~ in which:
Figure 1 depicts in schematic cross-section a retort of the present invention; `
Figure 2 depicts in schematic cross-section a second embodiment of the present invention; and ~
~ ' WO93/O~Kt PCT/AU92/00589 2122238 4 _ Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of apparatus according to the invention.
Referring specifically to Figure 3 which shows a diagrammatic representation of the apparatus which includes a feed device 50 for delivering carbonaceous feed material to a retort 10 via feed line 12. The feed device 50 may take any suitable form.
The retort 10 is disposed in a generally upright orientation and comprises a central cylindrical section 11, the internal chamber of which forms a carbonising zone in which the carbonaceous feed material is carbonised.
Examples of retorts are shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 and the ;;
central section thereof may be similar in design to that described in Australian Patent Specification No. 50613/90.
,, ~....... i The retort includes a mechanical stirrer 13 which comprises a screw shaped element mounted to a hollow shaft 14. This hollow shaft 14 forms part of the feed line and has a delivery inlet 40 at its lower ~nd. In the form shown schematically in Figure 3 the stirrer comprises a spiral element comprising two spaced apart sections 13a, 13b, spaced between the sections providing a d~ell region for the material as it passes through the carbonising zone. The stirrer 13 may be mounted for rotation and dri~en by motor 51. The feed material is introduced through the hollow stirrer shaft 14 to the lower region 15 of the central carbonising zone and is then subject to the homogeni~ing action of the stirrer 13. After carbonisation as occurred the material passes to an activation zone 17 via outlets 16 disposed within an upper region of the chamber.
In the embodiment of Figure 1 the activation zone 17 comprises an annular chamber which surrounds the inner ~;
chamber. In the embodiment of Figures 2 and 3 the activàtion zone comprises one or more downcomers or tubes 30 :~
W093/0 ~ 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 8 PCT~U92/00589 which extend downwardly from the upper region of the ::
carbonising zone.
- :.
The retort 10 is disposed within a combustion chamber 26, heated by combustion gases from a heating mechanism 55.
The heating mechanism may take any suitable form.
Steam is supplied to the activation zone 17 via a series of steam delivery lines 63 having delivery inlets 63a, 63b, 63c, 63d at spaced points along the length of the activation zone. The spacing of the steam inlets ensures :~
distribut~on of the steam and complete treatment of the mat~rial within the ~one. : :
"-~
An auxilliary steam line 64 is provided for feed.ing ste~m to the carbonising zone preferably the stesm entering the carbonising zone at the lower end thereof. The steam may be arranged to enter the zone through a plurality of inlets in the ~ase of the zone which arranged in spaced circumferential fashion. :~
The apparatus may inclu~e a demineralised water reservoir 60 from which water is transferred to heat exchanger 61 for producing the steam, the heat exchanger 61 being co~venien~ly disposed within the co~bustion chamber ~6. A pump and motor 80 are arranged to pump the water and the water can be returned after cooling via line 81.
An exhaust gas collection unit 58 may be arranged to redirect the exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber if desired.
.
The apparatus further includes cooling water lines 70 which cools the material as it leaves the activation zone and is transferred to collection device 75. Nitrogen feed ~.
lines 71 may also be provided to deliver nitrogen to the ;''.'`',-.
~ 2 '~ 3 8 PCT/AU92/00589 discharge lines for a final treatment of the product. The nitrogen acts as a final purge to prevent combustion when the end product is removed.
The char produced in the carbonising zone 11 passes down the activation zone in plug flow and is sub~eGted to steam, i.e. steam activation under controlled conditions whereby carbon is burnt off (from within the internal pore structure of the particles) with steam to provide the high quality activated carbon.
In passing firstly through the central carbonisi.ng zone and then the activation zone 17 before leaving the re!~ort, the feed material is subjected to both the carboni~ing and activation actions in the one pa~s through the retort, thereby providing a continuou~ production of high grade activated carbon from the raw carbonaceous feed material.
When using process design as detailed in ~igure 1 the ~
temperature in the carbonising retort may be maintained ~`
preferably within the range of 650 - 750 C by the in~ection of combustion gases in conjunction with the transfer of heat throu~h the annular zone.
When using proc~ss design as detailed ~n Fi~ure 2 all required process heat is supplied by the transfer of heat from the co~bustion chamber.
To enhance the quality of the final product, steam iB
introduced to the carbonising zone. Thi5 may be done for ex~mple through the hollow stirrer shaft. As shown in Fig.
3, in another arrangement, steam is introduced through the base of the centxal section through a series of circumferentially spaced apart inlets. Steam is introduced at this stage in controlled quantities to minLmise the deposition of carbon derived from the volatile matter evolved from the carbonaceous feedstock within the pore WO93/~K1 21 2 2 2 3 8 PCTfAU92/00589 structure of the char formed in the central section. This process facilitates the secondary activation which takes place in the annular section or downcomer of the retort.
The temperature in the annular section or downcomer is maintained in the range 850 C - 900 C by heat transfer from a combustion chamber, and the temperature and activation is controlled by the admission of steam at lower temperature 21 to the annular section or downcomer at various points.
Leaving the base 22 of the annular section or lower section 31 of the downcomer, the activated carbon 23 passes from the retort and is sub~ected to cooling and treatment by nitrogen.
__r' The primary energy source for heating the combustion chamber is a combustion gas 19 such as natural gas or LPG.
The retort may be arranged so that the off-gases 25 produced during the process can be utilised as a further energy -~
source for the process including the production of the steam required for activation.
To ensure the highest product quality, the various --stages of the process must be accurately controlled. For example, the residence time of the char wîthin the activation zone can be controlled by controlling the feed ~--and take off rates of the material through the apparatus.
During the carbonising stage, the feed must be exposed to the required conditions of temperature and atmosphere for the necessary time. The retort design enables control of all these conditions in a manner which avoids any appreciable degradation of the feed material. The char is thus presented to the activation section in the condition best suited to the optimum development (during activation) of the requisite final properties.
The conditions to which the material i5 exposed during its~passage through the annular activation section may be especially critical. The retort design enables precise ;~
control of temperature, time of exposure, atmosphere, and --`
expo~sure to steam, so that the properties of the end product of activated carbon may be finely regulated.
WO93/0~K1 2 1 ? 2 ~ ~ 8 PCT/AU92/00589 The retort design is suitable for th~ proces~ing of a wide range of carbonaceous feed materials. Examples of feed stocks include coal, coconut shells, fruit pips and the shells from various nuts. Control of the process actions within the retort are such that the quality of the product may be regulated to meet specific commercial requirements.
The invention, therefore, proYides the flexibility to meet a wide range of requirements for activated carbons produced from any of many different types of carbonaceous feed stock.
~.
While th~ present invention has been de~cribed with reference to particular configurations and method~, of operation, these should be understood as having been - provided by way of example and not as limitations to the 3cope or spirit of the invention.
- '. . .
Claims (14)
1. Apparatus for use in the production of carbonised material comprising:
a retort having a carbonising zone therein;
a delivery inlet for delivering material to be carbonised to said carbonising zone;
a discharge outlet for discharging material from said carbonising zone;
an activation zone for receiving material from said carbonising zone via said discharge outlet said zones being arranged so that when in use material can pass therethrough on a continuous basis; and means for heating said carbonising zone and said activation zone.
a retort having a carbonising zone therein;
a delivery inlet for delivering material to be carbonised to said carbonising zone;
a discharge outlet for discharging material from said carbonising zone;
an activation zone for receiving material from said carbonising zone via said discharge outlet said zones being arranged so that when in use material can pass therethrough on a continuous basis; and means for heating said carbonising zone and said activation zone.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said retort is disposed in a generally upright orientation where, in use, and includes an upper region and a lower region and wherein said delivery inlet is disposed in said lower region and said discharge outlet is disposed in said upper region said material within said carbonising zone passing upwardly between said inlet and outlet when the apparatus is in use.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 further including delivery means for delivering material to said inlet, said delivery means comprising a tube extending into said carbonising zone with one end thereof defining said inlet said one end being disposed in said lower region.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 further including stirring means for mixing the material within said carbonising zone.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said stirring means comprises a spiral or screw shaped member which assists in the passage of the material from the lower region to the upper region.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said screw or spiral shaped member comprises a hollow central shaft so as to define said delivery means.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6 wherein said spiral or screw shaped member comprises two spaced apart sections, the intermediate portion thereof forming a settling region within said carbonising zone.
8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein said activation zone comprises a generally annular chamber which surrounds said carbonising zone and arranged so that material enters said activation zone towards an upper region thereof and passes downwardly therealong.
9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein said activation zone comprises a plurality of conduits which are disposed around the outer wall of the carbonising zone and arranged so that material enters said conduits at an upper region and passes downwardly therealong.
10. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein said heating means comprises a combustion chamber said carbonising zone and said activation zone being disposed within said combustion chamber.
11. Apparatus according to any preceding claim further including means for delivering steam to said activation zone.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said means for delivering steam is arranged so that the steam is delivered at spaced intervals along its length.
13. Apparatus according to any preceding claim further including auxiliary steam delivery means for delivering steam to said carbonising zone.
14. A retort for use in the production of carbonaceous material, the retort comprising:
a retort body having a chamber therein defining a carbonising zone;
an inlet conduit having an inlet at one end thereof and said inlet having disposed in the region of one end thereof;
an outlet disposed at the region of the opposite end thereof; and an auxiliary chamber defining an activation zone which is operative communication with said outlet for receiving material from the chamber.
a retort body having a chamber therein defining a carbonising zone;
an inlet conduit having an inlet at one end thereof and said inlet having disposed in the region of one end thereof;
an outlet disposed at the region of the opposite end thereof; and an auxiliary chamber defining an activation zone which is operative communication with said outlet for receiving material from the chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPK9227 | 1991-10-31 | ||
| AUPK922791 | 1991-10-31 | ||
| AUPL031592 | 1992-01-08 | ||
| AUPL0315 | 1992-01-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2122238A1 true CA2122238A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
Family
ID=25644136
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002122238A Abandoned CA2122238A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1992-10-30 | Carbonising of materials |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0613448A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07500808A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2888592A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2122238A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993009061A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5976484A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-11-02 | Teng; Chien-Lang | Intermittent continuous method for recovering refined activated carbon from waste tires and the like and the device therefor |
| JP2008050193A (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-06 | Haruo Matsumoto | Method for manufacturing high purity carbon, textile including obtained high purity carbon and body fixture using it |
| JP5603477B1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2014-10-08 | 株式会社アイエムティ | Continuous carbonization equipment |
| US11414322B1 (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-08-16 | Aries Clean Technologies Llc | Methods and systems for producing an enhanced surface area biochar product |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR764591A (en) * | 1932-10-28 | 1934-05-24 | Continuous furnace for carbonization and distillation | |
| FR784139A (en) * | 1933-10-25 | 1935-07-22 | Method and device for the production of activated carbon and valuable by-products | |
| US2342862A (en) * | 1940-05-29 | 1944-02-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Activated coke |
| FR877881A (en) * | 1941-08-07 | 1943-01-05 | Procedes Ind Et Charbons Actif | Process for collecting the pure gases formed during the production of activated carbon |
| US2536782A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Two-stage continuous carbonization activation process |
| US2536106A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Apparatus for producing activated carbon |
| US2536783A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Apparatus for producing activated carbon |
| US2536105A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Two-stage continuous carbonization-activation process |
| US2648637A (en) * | 1948-08-06 | 1953-08-11 | Rodman Chemical Company | Method of producing activated carbon |
| AU5061390A (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-06 | Culeron B.V. | Char retort |
-
1992
- 1992-10-30 JP JP5508040A patent/JPH07500808A/en active Pending
- 1992-10-30 WO PCT/AU1992/000589 patent/WO1993009061A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-30 AU AU28885/92A patent/AU2888592A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-30 EP EP92922732A patent/EP0613448A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-10-30 CA CA002122238A patent/CA2122238A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0613448A4 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| JPH07500808A (en) | 1995-01-26 |
| EP0613448A1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
| AU2888592A (en) | 1993-06-07 |
| WO1993009061A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |